ElLECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.

Lab 3 - Practices Topic: The Star-Delta starting method

WORKSHEET: P5C .

Star-Delta Starter with Warnings and Reversal of Rotation in PLC.

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The objective of the practice is to design and implement a control system for a Star-Delta starter that allows for control of motor
direction reversal, detection of motor stoppage, and recording of usage hours (hour meter). Additionally, warning messages must be
incorporated in case preventive maintenance is required.

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To the previous part, add the following features:

Reversal of rotation, Hour meter, Detection of motor stoppage.
►The reversal of rotation will only be taken into account when the motor is stopped. If the motor is running
and the direction of rotation is changed, a message such as "Stop the motor to change the rotation direction"
should appear on the display for a few seconds. To start the motor, it must be stopped.
►The motor stoppage signal will appear 10 seconds after the Stop button, Emergency Stop button, or
Thermal Overload button have been reset (for buttons, when they are released, and for the thermal overload,
when it is reset).
►When the hour meter reaches the maintenance time (5 minutes, for example), an amber warning message
should appear every 2 minutes for 5 seconds saying "Maintenance Required." Pressing the Reset button for
10 seconds will clear the partial hour meter. The PLC display should always show the operating hours (or
minutes) of the motor.

*Diagram and scheme of the system, as well as any graphic representation that helps to understand the proposed test.

Img. Nro 1 Electrical Wiring Diagram "Initial Idea" Img. Nro 2 Simulation Model.

Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 07/04/2023 Page 1

 ElLECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.1
Lab 3 - Practices Topic: The Star-Delta starting method

Ecuación Lógica:

Ladder diagram - Img Nro 3 Block diagram - Img. Nro 4

Img. Nro 5 BDF

Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 07/04/2023 P ag e 2

 ElLECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.1
Lab 3 - Practices Topic: The Star-Delta starting method

Control Electrical Circuit- Img Nro 6 Power Electrical Circuit - Img. Nro 7

The Phase-Time Diagram- Img. Nro 8

Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 07/04/2023 Page 3

 ElLECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.1
Lab 3 - Practices Topic: The Star-Delta starting method

Calculations and justifications for the sizing of elements.

► The star delta connection is an electrical motor connection technique that is used to reduce starting current and
improve efficiency in electricity consumption. This technique is based on three-phase circuit theory and is mainly applied
in high power motors.

► To understand how the star delta connection works, it is necessary to first understand three-phase circuit theory. A
three-phase circuit is an electrical power supply system that uses three phases of alternating current that are
phase-shifted from each other at an angle of 120 degrees. Each of these phases is connected to a winding in a
three-phase motor, generating a magnetic field that rotates the motor rotor. In the star delta connection, the motor is
connected in two different configurations: star and delta.

► In the star connection, each winding of the motor is connected to a phase and a common point, forming a
star-shaped figure. In the delta connection, each winding is connected in series with the next one, forming a triangle.
During motor starting, the connection is made in star to reduce starting current and limit overload on the motor and
power supply.

► Once the motor reaches operating speed, the connection is switched to delta to improve efficiency in electricity
consumption.

► In the star connection, the voltage applied to each winding is equal to the line voltage divided by the square root of
three (Vl / √3), while the current that circulates through each winding is equal to the line current divided by the square
root of three (Il / √3). In the delta connection, the voltage applied to each winding is equal to the line voltage, and the
current that circulates through each winding is equal to the line current divided by the square root of three (Il / √3).

Explanation of how each part is executed: assembly, tests, measurements, etc.

► Once the necessary calculations and scientific foundations for the design of the star-delta starting with start and stop
buttons, and interlocks of both logical contacts within the PLC and physical wiring level are established, it is necessary
to carry out the assembly of the remaining components.
► For the assembly process, an electrical diagram reflecting the connection of the components to be implemented and
their correct distribution in the electrical panel is required. Special attention should be paid to the correct identification of
device terminals, as well as their correct polarity and connection in series or parallel as appropriate.
► Once the assembly is completed, a series of tests and measurements must be performed to ensure that the
star-delta starter is functioning properly. Tools such as multimeters, oscilloscopes, and power analyzers can be used for
this purpose.
► First, it is necessary to verify the proper functioning of the start and stop buttons. To do this, the continuity of the NC
and NO contacts of the buttons can be measured, verifying that when the start button is pressed, the corresponding
input in the PLC is activated, and when the stop button is pressed, the corresponding input in the PLC is deactivated.
► Subsequently, the proper functioning of the logical interlocks within the PLC must be checked. For this, the continuity
of the contacts of the corresponding outputs in the PLC can be checked, verifying that when the start input is activated,
the corresponding output of the PLC is activated, which activates the main clockwise contactor and the star contactor,
and when the start input is deactivated, the same outputs are deactivated and the corresponding output that activates
the delta contactor is activated.
► Finally, the proper functioning of the physical interlocks at the contactors' wiring level must be checked. For this, the
continuity of the NC and NO contacts of the contactors can be measured, verifying that when the main clockwise
contactor is activated, the corresponding contacts in the star and delta contactors are activated, and when the main
clockwise contactor is deactivated, the same contacts in the star and delta contactors are deactivated.

Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 07/04/2023 Page 4

 ElLECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.1
Lab 3 - Practices Topic: The Star-Delta starting method

Record

Datasheets and/or characteristics of the elements used.

♦ INPUTS
►I1: S1 - Clockwise Start (NO). Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
►I2: S2 - Stop (NC). Activated = 0; Deactivated = 1
►I3: S3 - Emergency Stop (NC). Activated = 0; Deactivated = 1
►I4: S4 - Counterclockwise Start (NO). Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
►I5: R1 - Thermal Relay (NC). Activated = 0; Deactivated = 1
►I6: S5 - Reset (NO). Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0

♦ OUTPUTS
►Q1: KM1 Clockwise Main Contactor. Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
►Q2: KM2 Star Contactor. Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
►Q3: KM3 Delta Contactor. Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0
►Q4: KM4 Counterclockwise Main Contactor. Activated = 1; Deactivated = 0

Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 07/04/2023 Page 5

 ElLECTROTECHNICS LABORATORY Nro: 3.1
Lab 3 - Practices Topic: The Star-Delta starting method

Conclusions and Observations

In the PLC LOGO 8 practice, different inputs and outputs are used to control the motor start, direction reversal, motor
stop detection, and usage hour counter. The motor stop signal appears after 10 seconds of resetting the Stop,
Emergency Stop, or Thermal button. When the usage hour counter reaches the maintenance time, an amber-colored
warning should appear every 2 minutes for 5 seconds saying "Maintenance Required." Pressing the Reset button for 10
seconds will clear the partial hour counter.

Implementing visual warnings for maintenance is an excellent practice in the maintenance management of electrical
installations and machinery. This practice provides multiple benefits that are highly recommended for any organization.
Firstly, visual warnings are an effective way to alert operators and maintenance technicians about the need to take
specific actions on electrical equipment or systems.

Visual warnings can be used to remind users of scheduled maintenance time, the need to change filters, lubricants,
make adjustments, repairs, and any other type of intervention that needs to be carried out on the electrical system. The
implementation of these visual warnings results in a reduction in downtime and an increase in the efficiency of the
electrical installation or machinery, which in turn results in a reduction in maintenance costs and an improvement in
product production and quality.

In comparison to electrical signaling, which may require complicated and expensive installation, visual warnings are
easy to install and maintain, making them a practical and cost-effective solution for any organization. Electrical signaling
requires a complex electrical wiring system, sensors, and control devices. Additionally, the installation of these systems
may require considerable time and periodic maintenance, which can increase operating and maintenance costs. In
contrast, the implementation of visual warnings is a simple and effective alternative that does not require an electrical
wiring system or periodic maintenance. Additionally, visual warnings are highly visible and easily understood by users,
allowing for a quick response in case of problems or emergencies.

In the star connection, each motor winding is connected to a phase and a common point, forming a star-shaped figure.
During motor start-up, the connection is made in a star to reduce the start-up current and limit the overload on the motor
and power supply. Once the motor reaches operating speed, the connection is changed to a triangle to improve
efficiency in the consumption of electrical energy.

In the star connection, the voltage applied to each winding is equal to the line voltage divided by the square root of three
(Vl/√3), while the current flowing through each winding is equal to the line current divided by the square root of three
(Il/√3). In the delta connection, the voltage applied to each winding is equal to the line voltage, and the current flowing
through each winding is equal to the line current divided by the square root of three (Il/√3).

Name María Eugenia Szwedowski Group:3ero ID3 Date: 07/04/2023 Page 6