English

PARTS OF SPEECH 1
SPEECH
SPEECH IS A GROUP OF WORDS

All the words can be divided into eight parts, known as parts of speech.
1. Noun 2. Pronoun 3. Adjective

4. Verb 5. Adverb 6. Preposition
7. Conjunction 8. Interjection
1. A noun is the name of person, animal, place or thing.

Ram, Chandigarh, Chair, Dog.
2. A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun

He, She, It.
3. An adjective is a describing word which tells what kind of, how many (or how much), what colour, persons, animals, p l ac es
or things are.
Good boy, Blue jeans.
4. A verb is an action word used to say what a person or thing does, what a person or thing is, or what or thing has. It i s u s e d
to show doing, or being or possessing.
Play, Dance, Talk.
5. An adverb is a word that adds to the meaning of a verb, modify itself and adjectives.
Loudly, Honestly, Clearly.
6. A preposition is a word which shows the relation between a noun and a pronoun and some other words in a sentence.
on, in, out, away.
7. A conjunction is used to join words, group of words or sentences.

and, but, although etc.
8. An interjection is a word which expresses some sudden and strong feelings like delight, surprise, anger, disgust etc.
Ah! Ouch! Wow!
Consider this example:
(‘A’ and ‘the’ are articles. Articles are actually adjectives.)

SUBJECT–VERB AGREEMENT 2
Rule No 1. Singular subject must have singular verb.

He writes.
She plays.
Rule No 2. Plural subject must have plural verb.

They write.
We play.
Rule No 3. Two subjects joined by ‘and’ take a plural verb.

The doctor and nurse work together.
Rule No 4. If two subjects express one idea, use a singular verb.

Bread and butter is a wholesome food.
Soup and salad is too light a lunch.
Rule No 5. Two singular subjects joined by ‘or’ or ‘nor’ will take a singular verb.
A doctor or a nurse is working in the hospital.
Rule No 6. A singular subject and a plural subject joined by ‘or’, ‘either-or’, ‘neither- nor’, ‘none but’, ‘not only b u t
also’; will take a singular or plural verb depending on, which subject is near the verb:
Neither Deepak nor his friends are joining the tour.
Neither his friends nor Deepak is joining the tour.
None but the leaders of our country are responsible for this.
Rule No 7. If two subjects are joined together by ‘as well as’, ‘with’, ‘along with’, ‘together with’, ‘besides’, ‘in
addition to’, ‘and not’, ‘rather than’, the verb will act according to the main subject:
Students as well as the teacher are playing.
He as well as his brothers is sitting there.
I as well as he am going out of station for a week.
Rule No 8. Indefinite pronouns such as each, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, no body, one, no one,
either, neither, etc. always take a singular verb.
Each of my friends calls me once a month.
Each boy and each girl has come.
One must tolerate one‘s friend as well as enemy.
Rule No 9. Non – finite pronouns such as some, all, none, part, majority, remainder, percentage, fraction, most,
rest ,etc decide the verb depending on the following subject:
Both of the books require careful reading.
Several of the fielders regularly run four or five kilometer a day.
Rule No 10. Title of the books needs singular verbs:

‘Great expectations’ is a good book.
‘Gulliver Travels’ is an interesting book.
Rule No 11. The subject ‘Many a’ …… is always followed by the singular verb.
Many a man was drowned in the sea.
Many a student has not done his homework.
Rule No 12. If the subject is ‘The number of’..…use a singular verb. :

The number of books is very small.
The number of boys in this team is ten.
Rule No 13. If the subject begins with ‘A number of’, (A large number of, A Great number of, many) use a plural
verb:
A number of books are missing.
Rule No. 14. Some nouns in the plural form represent an amount, a fraction or an element of time (sum, distance,
quantity, and time period) are considered singular and hence take singular verbs.
Sixty minutes is enough to finish this work.
SV AGREEMENT – SPOT THE ERROR

1) Measles have broken out in the town.
2) The ‘Arabian Nights’ are an interesting book.
3) Five miles are not a long distance for me to walk.
4) The cost of all essential commodities have gone up.
5) The construction of these buildings have taken four years.
6) There are a bunch of keys on the table.
7) A pious man and good neighbour have died
8) Bread and milk are my only food for today.
9) Sanjay as well as his brothers have gone home.
10) The notorious dacoit with his followers have escaped.
11) A band of dacoits have entered the village last night
12) Ten dollars are a high price to pay.
13) Five years are the maximum sentence for that offense.
14) The staff is in disagreement about the findings.
15) Either of us are capable of doing the job.
SV AGREEMENT PRACTICE EXERCISE

1. Each of these players(A) / have been warned (B) / not to repeat the silly mistake.(C) / no error(D)
2. Lime and soda (A) / is (B) / a digestive drink. (C) / no error(D)
3. The mother as well as her children(A) / were brought (B) / to the police station for int errogation.(C) / no error(D)
4. His benevolence and kindness(A) / are (B) / admired by his friends.(C) / no error(D)
5. Intelligence, as well as knowledge of the subject (A) / are required to grasp (B) / the meaning of the book.(C) / no
error(D)
6. Four miles (A) / are not a long distance (B) / for a young person like you.(C) / no error(D)
7. He, like the other members (A) / of his family, were left shelter less (B) / as a result of flood in the town.(C) / no error(D)
8. I don’t think (A) / five thousand rupees are a large sum (B) / for the work you are going to undertake.(C) / no error(D)
9. The number of amendments to our constitution (A) / have been very large (B) / during the last fifty years of
independence .(C) / no error(D)
10. Just to the North of India(A) / is the Himalayas (B) / that were once impregnable.(C) / no error(D)
11. Either she or you (A) / is to blame (B) / for the m ismanagement of the domestic affairs. (C) / no error(D)
12. The soldiers along with the commander (A) / was court-martialled (B) / for defying the orders.(C) / no error(D)
13. The rest (A) / of the students is (B) / still working.(C) / no error(D)
14. Everyone of the new Nursing Homes (A) / coming up in the urban areas (B) / need a lot of improvement.(C) / no error(D)
15. The period of twenty five years (A) / have passed (B) / and still he is without a job.(C) / no error (D)
NOUN 3
DEFINITION: – Noun is a name of a person, place, thing, quality, condition and action.
For example: – Apple, Ram, Pencil, Chandigarh, etc.
TYPES OF NOUNS
Proper Noun
Name of a specific person, place or thing. For example: - Ram is a good boy. (In this sentence, Ram is a proper noun)
Common Noun
A noun which does not point out any particular person, place or thing, but it is common to all the persons, places or thin gs. Commonl y
used for everybody in the same class. It represents the whole class. For example: - River, girl, boy, bench, etc.
Abstract Noun
An abstract noun is the name of something which we can neither see nor touch, but which we can only think of or feel. Th e se n ou n s
are also names of a quality, state or concept.
Action: Movement, action, activity, theft, hatred, mischief.
Quality: Truth, honesty, kindness, goodness, bravery, wisdom .
State: Childhood, Boyhood, Youth, Freedom, Slavery, Sickness, Sleep.

Names of various Arts, Science and Profession: Economics, Politics, History, Literature, Physics, Chemistry, Botany, Music
Collective Noun
The noun which is used for the group or the collective things of same kind, considered as one complete whole, it i s c a l le d c o l l ec tive
noun. For example: army, flock, nation, team, jury, class, etc.
Material Noun
Noun which stands for material or substance used for making things is called material noun. For example: - brick, stone, wo od , g ol d ,
cotton.
Note: Material nouns like marble, brick, stone, glass, iron, etc., and Abstract Nouns are not used in a plural form.
We use these words in singular only.
Your house is made of stone/ glass.
This house is made of brick.
I have much work to do.
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

All the types of nouns stated above are divided chiefly into two categories: countable/count and uncountable/non -count nouns.
Countable Noun:
A countable noun is a noun that indicates something that you can actually count.
For example:
Proper Nouns: We can count the particular names or proper nouns.
Common Nouns: City, river, boy, girl.
Uncountable Noun:
An uncountable noun is a noun that indicates something you
cannot count.
For example:
Material Nouns: brick, stone, gold, milk.
Abstract Nouns: love, hate, kindness, bravery.
Abstract and Material Nouns have no plural forms. When they are put in the Plural, they are used as Common Nouns.
Wrong Right
He did many mischiefs. He did many acts of mischief.
He gave us many advices. He gave us many pieces of advice.
Excuse me for the troubles. Excuse me for the trouble.
He gave me many abuses. He showered a lot of abuse on me.
He was fond of bad companies. He was fond of bad company. (or bad companions).
Your informations are wrong. Your information is wrong.
His house is built of stones. His house is built of stone.
He had a bag of rices. He had a bag of rice.
Note:
➢ He gave me a piece of information.
➢ All pieces of information given by her were reliable.
➢ Many kinds of furniture are available in that shop.
➢ I want a few articles of jewellery.
➢ He ate two slices of bread.
➢ Please show me some items of office stationery.
➢ The Police have found a strand of hair in the car.
➢ Ethics demands honesty.
SINGULAR AND PLURAL FORMS OF CERTAIN NOUNS

Addendum Addenda Oasis Oases
Datum Data Analysis Analyses
Erratum Errata Crisis Crises
Corrigendum Corrigenda Hypothesis Hypotheses
Medium Media Basis Bases
Sanatorium Sanatoria Thesis Theses
Stadium Stadia Lacuna Lacunae
Memorandum Memoranda Criterion Criteria
Phenomenon Phenomena Phenomenon Phenomena
Dictum Dicta Radius Radii
Stratum Strata Locus Loci
Asylum Asylums Stomach Stomachs
Museum Museums Alumnus Alumni
Premium Premiums Syllabus Syllabi
Forum Forums Formula Formulae
Pendulum Pendulums Ox Oxen
Crematorium Crematoria Tooth Teeth
Note: The plural of compound noun is usually made by adding “s” to the principal word.
Singular Plural
Commander-in-chief Commanders-in-chief
Son-in-law Sons-in-law
Stepson Stepsons
Stepdaughter Stepdaughters
Maidservant Maidservants
Manservant Menservants
Passer-by Passers-by
Looker-on Lookers-on
USE OF POSSESSIVE CASE

The Possessive Case is chiefly used with:
1) When the Noun denotes some living thing; as,

The rat’s tail; the man’s hands.
2) When the Noun denotes some personified things; as,

Duty’s call; England’s heroes.
3) When the Noun denotes time, space, or weight; as,

A day’s march; a week’s holiday; in a year’s time; a metre’s length; a pound’s weight.
4) When the Noun denotes anything without life, it is generally expressed by the Preposition ‘of’;
E.g. ‘The legs of the chair’; not ‘the chair’s legs.’
‘The pages of the book’; not ‘the book’s pages’.
‘The roof of the house’; not ‘the house’s roof’.
‘The cover of the book’; not ‘the book’s cover.’
CLASSROOM EXERCISE
1) My friend gives me many advices regarding my future career.
2) The doctor has given me many informations about the disease.
3) His little daughter is capable of many mischiefs.
4) Four thiefs broke into my cousin’s house yesterday.
5) My brother-in-laws will come to our house next week.
6) These golds have been brought from South Africa.
7) She has many works to do.
8) The chair’s leg is broken.
9) She gave me many advices.
10) He is true to his words.
11) My diary is full of informations.
12) He showered a lot of abuses on me.
13) His house is built of stones.
14) The fan's wings is broken.
15) The commander-in-chiefs gave instructions to the soldiers.
HOMEWORK EXERCISE
1. Order has been issued (A)/ for his transfer to another district(B) / but he has not received them so far.(C) / no error.(D)
2. Children are prone (A) / to making mischiefs (B) / if they have nothing to do.(C)/ no error(D)
3. I have not gone through(A) / the letter and so I am not aware(B)/ of its content(C)/ no error(D)
4. I shall not attend the meeting(A)/ since I have many works to c omplete(B)/ within allotted time.(C)/ no error(D)
5. You should always be(A)/ true to your words(B)/ if you are to succeed in life.(C)/ no error(D)
6. It is not my business(A)/ to give advices to those(B)/ who are not sensible enough to deal with th e i r o wn p ro b l e ms. (C) / n o
error(D)
7. I don’t think(A)/ it is your house(B)/ it is somebody’s else.(C)/ no error(D)
8. The table’s wood(A)/ is infested with mite(B)/ and I am likely to dispose it off(C)/ no error(D)
9. I can’t come to you now (A)/ because a lot of works(B)/ remains to be done.(C)/ no error(D)
10. A farmer was leading oxes (A)/ to his field for ploughing (B)/ early in the morning.(C)/ no error(D)
11. His mouth watered(A)/ when he saw(B)/ a bouquet of grapes.(C)/ no error(D)
12. My brother-in-laws(A)/ who live in Mumbai have come(B)/ to stay with us(C)/ no error(D)
13. What (A)/ is the criteria(B) of selection in the examination.(C)/ no error(D)
14. Students should not take part(A)/ in party politics and political demonstrations(B)/ as they interfere i n s eri o us s tu dy. (C) / n o
error(D)
15. The flock of lions(A)/ roamed about(B)/ fearlessly in the jungle.(C)/ no error(D)
RULES OF NOUNS 4
ERRORS IN THE USE OF NOUN

Rule no. 1:
Some nouns are used in singular form:
Furniture The furniture of my house is quite new.

News This news is true.
Scenery The scenery of Kashmir is charming.
Innings The first innings is just over.
Mathematics Mathematics is a difficult subject.
Physics Physics is my favourite subject.
Percentage I passed but the percentage of marks was not good.
Rule no. 2:
Some nouns are used in plural form:
Riches Riches do many things.

Clothes Her clothes were always very smart.
Vermin These vermin spread disease.
Gentry The gentry are people of good social position.
People Such people (persons) are dangerous.
Note: As a common noun ‘people’ means a ‘nation’ and is used in both singular and plural; as
The Japanese are a hard-working people.
There are many different peoples in Europe.
The French are a brave people.
There is a mad race for power among the peoples of Europe .
Rule no. 3:
Collective Nouns like committee, jury, house, ministry, family, mob, crowd, audience, police, team, number, board, staff and public are
used with singular verbs like is, was and has when the members in the group act as one body or one unit. These words are us ed wi th
plural verbs like are, have and were when the members act as different individuals within the same group.
Rule no. 4:
Some nouns have only plural forms and consequently are followed by a plural verb. (Many of t hese are used with the phrase “a pair of”
as they refer to something made up of two parts.)
For example: alms, riches, scissors, trousers, pants, clippers, tongs, bellows, gallows, fangs, eyeg l ass es, g o g gl es , a s he s, a rre ars ,
athletics, belongings, breeches, braces, binoculars, congratulations, dregs, earnings, fetters, lodgings, o d d s, o uts ki rts, p a rti cu l ars,
proceeds, proceedings, regards, remains, savings, spectacles, surroundings, valuables, wages, etc.
Scissors My scissors are lost. (In case of singular, this pair of scissors is blunt.)
Trousers His trousers were torn.
Spectacles Where are my spectacles?
Proceeds The proceeds were deposited in the bank.
Assets All his assets were seized.
Embers The embers of the fire were still burnings.
Rule no. 5:- Some nouns have same form in both singular and plural forms, and are expressed as singular or plural only
by the use of verb. For example: deer, swine, sheep, salmon (a type of fish) and offspring .
E.g.:-
There is a sheep in the yard.
There are many sheep in the yard.
There are a lot of sheep in the yard.
NOTE: - The words ‘fish’ and ‘hair’ are used in both singular and plural forms in a sentence, but they can b e u s ed a s ‘ fi sh es ’ a n d
‘hairs’ in some specific sense. Like:-
FISH:-
This pond has many fish.
WE use ‘fish’ in a general sense to refer to the aquatic life in a particular water body. More correctly, ‘fish’ is used in a plu ra l fro m to
describe one fish or a group of fish of the same specie s (one type). The word ‘fishes’ is used to describe a variety of fi s h o f d i ffere nt
species (different types).
The fishes of this river include salmon and sturgeon.

A fish is a cold blooded vertebrate animal that lives in water.
HAIR:-
Incorrect: Her hairs are soft today.
Correct: Her hair is soft today.
When used in a collective sense, hair is used as singular word.
But when there is a countable number, then it is used as ‘hairs’, like:-
He has few grey hairs in his beard.
I have five grey hairs on my head.
Rule no. 6 :- A compound noun (numerical adjective + noun) is not used in plural if a noun does the work of an
adjective. E.g.
i) Ten-day tour
ii) A ten-mile race
iii) A ten-year old boy
Rule no. 7:- Some nouns have different meanings in singular and plural –
Air (Atmosphere) Airs (Affected manners)
Good (Well being) Goods (Things)
Wood (Part of tree) Woods (Forest)
Respect (Regards) Respects (Compliments)
Force (Strength) Forces (Troops)
Iron (Metal) Irons (Fetters – to stop somebody for what they want to do)
Tin (Metal) Tins (Cans made of tin)
Copper (Metal) Coppers (Copper coins)
Manner (Way) Manners (Etiquette)
Arm (Organ) Arms (Weapon)
Humanity (Being Human) Humanities (Art subject)
Pain (Hurt or ill) Pains (Efforts)
Vesper (Evening) Vespers (Evening Prayers)
Abuse (Indecent words) Abuses (Misuses)
Fruit (Edible thing) Fruits (Result/ Consequences)
NOUNS CLASSROOM EXERCISE
1. The cattles are grazing.

2. She likes fruits and vegetable.
3. I have lost a five rupees note.
4. I need two dozens bananas.
5. Mridula’s hairs are curly.
6. Our teacher has sold all his furnitures.
7. Your scissor is blunt.
8. Politics are a dirty game.
9. Your spectacle is costly.
10. These news is true.
11. The sceneries of Shimla are charming.
12. Alas ! Bhoj has no off-springs.
13. Her hairs are curly.
14. The first innings are over.
15. Riches has wings.
NOUNS HOMEWORK EXERCISE

1) Although she has studied(A)/ English for almost a year(B) / she is yet to learn the alphabets.(C)/ no error(D)
2) There are two scores of books (A) / which are lying (B)/ unused in the library(C)/ no error(D)
3) Sheeps are economically useful(A)/ and so they a re reared(C)/ in the hills.(C)/ no error(D)
4) It is a pity(A)/ that even five years old boys(B)/ are engaged in hazardous factories(C)/ no error(D)
5) I gave him (A)/ two hundred rupees notes(B) / for depositing.(C)/ no error(D)
6) She misplaced her spectacle(A) / and is now feeling (B)/ great difficulty in studying(C)/ no error(D)
7) I hope to visit(A)/ my uncle only next year(B)/ during summer vacations(C)/ no error(D)
8) Ration has run out (A)/ and the District Magistrate(B)/ has been informed(C)/ no error(D)
9) The morale of the army(A)/ was high because the news(B)/ coming from the front are very encouraging.(C)/ no error(D)
10) All the furnitures have been(A)/ sent to the new house(B)/ located in a village.(C)/ no error(D)
11) The crowd of the angry students(A)/ordered the (B)/ closing of shops(C)/ no error(D)
12) They left)A)/ their luggages(B)/ at the railway station(C)/ no error(D)
13) I can’t come to you now (A)/ because a lot of works(B)/ remains to be done.(C)/ no error(D)
14) A farmer was leading oxes(A)/ to his field for ploughing(B)/ early in the morning.(C)/ no error(D)
15) Recently I visited Kashmir(A)/ and found the sceneries(B)/ to be marvelous(C)/ no error(D)
PRONOUN 5
Pronouns are words used to replace nouns already mentioned.
Nominative/ vocative case Accusative /objective Possessive case Reflexive pronoun (Action
(Pronouns come before verb) case (Pronouns come after (Adj/Pro) done by the subject reflects
verb) upon the subject itself.)
I Me My/mine Myself
We Us Our/ours Ourselves
Yourself/
You You Your/yours
yourselves
He Him His/his Himself
She Her Her/hers Herself
They Them Their/theirs Themselves
It - Its Itself
Who Whom Whose -
ERRORS IN THE USE OF PRONOUN
1. The complement of verb ‘to be’ (is/am/are/was/were) is always in the nominative case. If the complement is
a Personal Pronoun, we should always use its nominative case.
E.g. It was he who did it.
If I were he, I would not go there.
2. The case of the pronoun following ‘than’ and ‘as’ is decided by mentally supplying the verb and completing the
sentence.
She is taller than I (am).
I love you more than he (loves you).
He is as good a player as I (am).
I can sing as well as she (can).
I have no liking for such a man as he.
3. When a pronoun is the object of a verb or preposition, it should be in the objective case.
E.g. These books are for you and I ()
These books are for you and me (✓)
(Between him and me there is an understanding).
4. ‘Let’, ‘But’ and ‘Except’ is followed by pronoun in the objective case.

Let him go.
Let you and me solve this puzzle.
Everyone attended the party except him.
No friend will come to your party but me.
None of the students were interested but him.
5. The case of the pronoun following ‘to’ and ‘like’ should be objective.
He is senior to me.
We want good people like him.
6. When the same person is the subject and object, it is necessary to use reflexive pronouns.
I cut me shaving this morning ()
I cut myself shaving this morning (✓)
9. The possessive pronoun of the indefinite pronoun ‘One’ is ‘one’s’.

One must do one’s duty to one’s country.
The possessive pronoun of the indefinite pronoun ‘Each’, ‘every’, ‘anyone’, ‘anybody’, is used the possessive
pronoun of their person.
Everyone must do his duty.
10. Never use possessive case with the words like ‘Separation’, ‘leave’ , ‘excuse’, ‘mention’, ‘report’, ‘pardon’,
‘sight’ and ‘favour’.
I need your favour, please. (X)
I need favour of you or I need favour from you. ()
She did make mention of you. ()
At the sight of him the robbers fled. ()
11. When first, second and third person singular pronouns (I, you, and he) are used together, they are placed in the
order you, he and I. In negative order, it should be first person, second person and third person(I, you and he).
You, he and I are neighbors.
I,you and he will be punished.
12. Reciprocal Pronoun ‘each other’ is used for two, ‘one another’ for more than two.
Rahul and Renu love each other.
They help one another.
PRONOUNS CLASSROOM EXERCISE
1) Between you and I, the secretary is not a gentleman.

2) One should do your duty honestly and sincerely.
3) Good students like you and he should study regularly.
4) You, he and I are in the wrong.
5) Only you and him can do this work fast.
6) If I were him, I would not misbehave like this.
7) Everyone announced one’s plans in the presence of the President.
8) She helped everyone of those boys in doing their work.
9) Every teacher and every students should do their duty.
10) Those two companies always help one another.
11) India and Pakistan should cooperate with one another in this matter.
12) My opinion is the same as your.
13) We were told to let only you and she enter.
14) His problems are the same as my.
15) You, John and I must take the blame for not completing the work on time.
PRONOUNS HOMEWORK EXERCISE
1) Each of the students (1)/ in the computer class (2)/ has to type (3)/ their own research paper this semester. (4)/ No error (5)
2) You will come (1)/ to my sister’s wedding tomorrow (2)/ isn’t it? (3)/ No error (4)
3) John, I and Hari (1)/ have finished (2)/ our studies. (3)/ No error (4)
4) My uncle forced (1)/ my friend and I (2)/ to stay back. (3)/ No error (4)
5) When one hears (1)/ of the incident (2)/ about the plane crash (3)/ he feels very sorry. (4)/ No error (5)
6) Rustams and (1)/ myself saw (2)/ the picture. (3)/ No error (4)
7) Science and religion (1)/ are both necessary (2)/ for man and for their (3)/ outer and inner self respectively. (4)/ No error (5)
8) He is (1)/ fatter (2)/ than me. (3)/ No error (4)
9) I and him (1)/ are (2)/ very good friends. (3)/ No error (4)
10) The newspapers (1)/ they admit that (2)/ advertising some times (3)/ influences their editorial policy. (4)/ No error (5)
11) My friend is (1)/ honest and (2)/ hard working (3)/ is not it? (4)/ No error. (5)
12) He tried all the drawers(1) in his desk (2)/ but could not find his purse (3)/ in anyone of it. (4)/ No error. (5)
13) Everyone of (1)/ the man present here (2)/ has given a day’s pay (3)/ as their contribution to the fund. (4)/ No error. (5)
14) The teacher asked the boys (1)/ if it was their practice (2)/ to leave the class (3)/ whenever he pleased. (4)/ No error. (5)
15) It was Mohan (1)/ or her (2)/ who came here last night (3)/ and kept on knocking at the door. (4)/ No error (5)
REFLEXIVE AND RELATIVE PRONOUNS 6
REFLEXIVE PRONOUN
1. Verbs like ‘enjoy’, ‘avail’, ‘pride’, ‘resign’, ‘apply’, ‘acquit’, ‘assert’, ‘absent’, ‘reconcile’, ‘amuse’, ‘exert’, ‘avenge ’
are followed by reflexive pronouns.
He absented himself from the class.
They enjoyed themselves at the party.
She prides herself on her wealth and beauty.
He resigned himself to fate.
The officers acquitted themselves well during the crisis.
She has reconciled herself to the demands of her in-laws.
2. Verbs like ‘keep’, ‘conceal’, ‘qualify’, ‘spread’, ‘rest’, ‘stop’,’ ‘turn’ and ‘stay’, ‘bathe’, ‘move’ are not followed b y
reflexive pronouns.
I stayed away from my class.
He qualified in the test
She kept away from the show.
RELATIVE PRONOUN
A relative pronoun is used to link one phrase or clause to another phrase or clause. The relative pronouns are ‘who’ “whom,” “that” and
“which”.
The relative pronoun should be placed as near as possible to the antecedent.
Here is the book that you lent me.

I have read the works of Shakespeare who was a great
dramatist.
Who is used in the nominative case only for persons, both in the singular and plural numbers. Who is not used for i n a n i mate th i n g s
and animals.
An architect is someone who designs buildings.
What was the name of the man who lent you the money?
Anyone who wants to do the exam must enter before next Friday.
Whom is used only for persons in the objective/accusative case both in singular and plural numbers.
The girl whom I gave the notes has secured first division .
Which is used for animals and non living.
The house which has a high gate is mine always used before which.
The post for which I applied is permanent.
Whose is used in possessive case both for persons and animals.
The girl whose hair is long is my sister.
That is used both for living and non living things both in singular and plural numbers.
‘Only’, ‘any’, ‘it is’, ‘all’, ‘superlatives’ usually take ‘that’

as relative pronoun in place of ‘who’ or ‘which’ .
He is the only man that can do it.

It is the same watch that was stolen by him.
All that glitters is not gold.
This is the best that we can do.
PRONOUNS CLASSWORK EXERCISE

1. The thief hid himself in a shed.
2. I have qualified myself as a doctor.
3. Never overeat.
4. I availed of the chance.
5. They enjoyed heartily.
6. Who is cleverer, Sarla or Saroj?
7. The Ganga is a river whose origin has always been a matter of speculation.
8. Myself and he will manage everything.
9. It is difficult to say who is the better of the two players.
10. It is the best which the government can do for the downtrodden.
11. This is the road whose inauguration was done by the President.
12. Many women reconcile to the demands of their in-laws
13. The students exert a lot at the time of examination.
14. It is the same card which I gifted him.
15. He keeps himself away from smoking.
PRONOUNS HOMEWORK EXERCISE
1) The Vacancy was filled (1)/ by a young scholar (2)/ which had an extensive knowledge (3)/ of Science. (4)/ No error (5)
2) The collector (1)/ visits the office (2)/ regularly (3)/ isn’t it? (4)/ No error (5)
3) Being a holiday (1)/ we went (2)/ out (3)/ for a picnic. (4)/ No error (5)
4) My I know (1)/ to who (2)/ I am (3)/ speaking? (4)/ No error (5)
5) The poor man (1)/ poisoned him (2)/ and his (3)/ own children. (4)/ No error (5)
6) It is I (1)/ who is to blame (2)/ for this (3)/ bad situation. (4)/ No error (5)
7) She has a remarkably (1)/ kindly disposition (2)/ who wins (3)/ her friends wherever she goes. (4)/ No error. (5)
8) They that hanker (1)/ after fame & (2)/ money are likely (3)/ to be disappointed. (4)/ No error. (5)
9) She is one of those persons (1)/ whom I am sure always (2)/ does her best even (3)/ in the most trying Circumstances. (4)/
No error. (5)
10) Civil servants should (1)/ acquit (2)/ efficiently (3)/ in the service of a common man. (4)/ No error. (5)
11) Last summer (1)/ he went (2)/ to his uncle’s village (3)/ and enjoyed very much. (4)/ No error. (5)/
12) Wherever they go (1)/ Indians easily (2)/ adapt to local (3)/ circumstance. (4)/ No error. (5)
13) May I (1) / know who (2)/ you want (3) / to see please. (4)/ no error(5)
14) Avail every (1)/ chance that comes your way (2) / lest you should (3) / repent in the long run.(4) / no error (5)
15) He is not (1)/ one of those (2)/ who will help everybody (3)/ whom he meets. (4)/ no error (5)
VERB AND TENSES 7
Action words are called verbs. (Latin word verbum =work).
TENSES
A tense is a form of verb which shows the time at which an action happens. (Latin word tempus = time).
INDEFINITE/SIMPLE TENSE
1. SIMPLE PRESENT
Simple Present Tense is used:

• To express habitual action.
He smokes.
I always take my tea without sugar.
Its is used with the adverbs usually, generally, occasionally, rarely, always, often, sometimes on Sund ays, on ce a
week/month/year, etc.
• To express general or universal truths.

The sun rises in the east.
Water boils at 100 C.
• To express a fact or something which is true at present.

All trains stop at this station.
She teaches English in a school.
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
S+V1 (s, es)+O S+do/does+not+V1+O
I play. I do not play.
We play. We do not play.
You play. You do not play.
He/She/It plays. He/She/It does not play
They play. They do not play.
Ravi plays. Ravi does not play.
Boys play. Boys do not play.
INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

Do / Does + S + V1 + O(?) Do/Does + S + not +V1+O (?)
Do I play? Do I not play?
Do we play? Do we not play?
Do you play? Do you not play?
Does he/she/it play? Does he/she/ it not play?
Do they play? Do they not play?
Does Ravi play? Does Ravi not play?
Do boys play? Do boys not play?
2. SIMPLE PAST
Simple Past Tense is used:
• To express a past event or past action. The action is completely unrelated to the present. It is therefore, used:
(i) When the time is given:
I met him yesterday.
She died in 1987.
(ii) When the time is not given, but it is implied and definite:
I bought this pen in Bombay.
(iii) When the time is asked for:
When did you meet him?
S+V2+O S+did+not+V1+O
I played. I did not play.
We played We did not play.
You played. You did not play.
He/she/it played. He/she/ it did not play.
They played. They did not play.
Ravi played. Ravi did not play.
Boys played. Boys did not play.
Did + S+V1+O (?) Did + S + not + V1 + O (?)
Did I play? Did I not play?
Did we play? Did we not play?
Did you play? Did you not play?
Did he/she/it play? Did he/she/it not play?
Did they play? Did they not play?
Did Ravi play? Did Ravi not play?
Did boys play? Did boys not play?
3. SIMPLE FUTURE
Simple Future Tense is used:
• To express an action that has still to take place:
He will play cricket tomorrow.
S+will/shall+O S+will/shall+not+V1+O
I shall play. I shall not play.
We shall play. We shall not play.
You will play. You will not play.
He/she/it will play. He/she/ it will not play.
They will play. They will not play.
Ravi will play. Ravi will not play.
Boys will play. Boys will not play.
Will/Shall + S+V1+O (?) Will/Shall + S + not + V1 + O (?)
Will I play? Will I not play?
Will we play? Will we not play?
Will you play? Will you not play?
Will he/she/it play? Will he/she/it not play?
Will they play? Will they not play?
Will Ravi play? Will Ravi not play?
Will boys play? Will boys not play?
CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE TENSE
1. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
The Present Continuous is used:
• To express an action happening now at the time of speaking.
I am writing a letter.
She is reading a book.
• To express an action in progress about this time but not necessarily at the time of speaking.
He is teaching English at the High School.
They are building a new house.
• To express a definite arrangement in the near future.
I am going to London next week.
I am meeting her tonight.
S+is/am/are+V1+ing+O S+is/am/are+not+V1+ ing+O
I am playing. I am not playing.
We are playing. We are not playing.
He/she/it is playing. He/she/it is not playing.
They are playing. They are not playing.
Ravi is playing. Ravi is not playing.
Boys are playing. Boys are not playing.

Is/am/are+S+V1+ing+ O(?) Is/am/are+Sub+not+ V1+ing+O(?)
Am I playing? Am I not playing?
Are we playing? Are we not playing?
Are you playing? Are you not playing?
Is he/she/ it playing? Is he/she/it not playing?
Are they playing? Are they not playing?
Is Ravi playing? Is Ravi not playing?
2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

The Past Continuous Tense is used:
• To express an action that was in progress at some time in the past.
I was taking my bath at 8 o’ clock.
I was playing in the garden when he came.
S+was/were+V1+ ing+O S+was/were+not+V1+ ing+O
I was playing. I was not playing.
We were playing. We were not playing.
He/she /it was playing. He/she/it was not playing.
They were playing. They were not playing.
Ravi was playing. Ravi was not playing.
Boys were playing. Boys were not playing.

Was/were+S+ V1+ ing+O (?) Was/were+S+ not+V1+ ing+O (?)
Was I playing? Was I not playing?
Were we playing? Were we not playing?
Was he/she/it playing? Was he/she/it not playing?
Were they playing? Were they not playing?
Was Ravi playing? Was Ravi not playing?
Were boys playing? Were boys not playing?
3. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

The Future Continuous is used:
• To express an action as going on at some time in future:
When I reach there, he will be reading a book.
• To express future events that are planned:
He will be coming here for Diwali Puja.
S+will/shall+be+V1+ ing+O S+will/shall+not+be+V1+ ing+O
I shall be playing. I shall not be playing.
We shall be playing. We shall not be playing.
He/she /it will be playing. He/she/it will not be playing.
They will be playing. They will not be playing.
Ravi will be playing. Ravi will not be playing.
Boys will be playing. Boys will not be playing.

Will/Shall+S+be+V1+ ing+O Will/Shall+S+not+be+V1+ ing+O
Shall I be playing? Shall I not playing?
Shall we be playing? Shall we not be playing?
Will he/she/it be playing? Will he/she/it not be playing?
Will they be playing? Will they not be playing?
Will Ravi be playing? Will Ravi not be playing?
Will boys be playing? Will boys not be playing?
PERFECT TENSE
1. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
The Present Perfect Tense is used:
• To express a recently completed action.
I have just finished my work.
He has gone to school.
S+has/have+V3+O S+has/have+not +V3+O
I have played. I have not played.

We have played. We have not played.
You have played. You have not played.
He/she/it has played. He/she/it has not played.
They have played. They have not played.
Ravi has played. Ravi has not played.
Boys have played. Boys have not played.
Has/have+S+V3+O Has/have+S+not+V3+O
Have I played? Have I not played?
Have we played? Have we not played?
Has he/she/it played? Has he/she/it not played?
Have they played? Have they not played?
Has Ravi played? Has Ravi not played?
Have boys played? Have boys not played?
2. PAST PERFECT TENSE

The Past Perfect Tense is used:
• To express an action completed before a certain moment in the past.
At 7 p.m., all the shops had closed.
At 16 years, she had passed her B.A. examination.
• To express an action in the past which was completed before another action, also in the past.
We had locked all the rooms before we left the house.
I had already known the result when she rang me up.
S+had+V3+O S+had+not+V3+O
I had played. I had not played.
We had played. We had not played.
You had played. You had not played.
He/she/it had played. He/she/it had not played.
They had played. They had not played.
Ravi had played. Ravi had not played.
Boys had played. Boys had not played.

Had+S+V3+O(?) Had+S+not+V3+O(?)
Had I played? Had I not played?
Had we played? Had we not played?
Had you played? Had you not played?
Had he/she/it played? Had he/she/it not played?
Had they played? Had they not played?
Had Ravi played? Had Ravi not played?
Had boys played? Had boys not played?
3. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

The Past Perfect Tense is used:
• To indicate the completion of an action by a certain future time:
I shall have read the book when you come next.
S+will/shall+have+V3+O S+shall/have+not+V3+O
I shall have played. I shall not have played.
We shall have played. We shall not have played.
You will have played. You will not have played.
He/she/it will have played. He/she/it will not have played.
They will have played. They will not have played.
Ravi will have played. Ravi will not have played.
Boys will have played. Boys will not have played.

Will/Shall+S+have+V3+O(?) Will/Shall+S+not+have+V3+O(?)
Shall I have played? Shall I not have played?
Shall we have played? Shall we not have played?
Will you have played? Will you not have played?
Will he/she/it have played? Will he/she/it not have played?
Will they have played? Will they not have played?
Will Ravi have played? Will Ravi not have played?
Will boys have played? Will boys not have played?
PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used:
• ‘For’ and ‘since’ are commonly used in this tense.
• To express an action which began in the past and is still continuing.
It has been raining since 6 am.
They have been waiting for him for an hour and he still hasn’t come.
S+has/have+been+ V1+ing+O S+has/have+not+been+ V1+ing+O
I have been playing. I have not been playing.
We have been playing. We have not been playing.
He has been playing. He has not been playing.
Mohan has been playing. Mohan has not been playing.

Has/have+ S+been+ V1+ing+O(?) Has/have+ S+not been+ V1+ing+O(?)
Have I been playing? Have I not been playing?
Have we been playing? Have we not been playing?
Has he been playing? Has he not been playing?
Has Mohan been playing? Has Mohan not been playing?
2. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used:

• ‘For’ and ‘since’ are commonly used in this tense.
• To express an action that began before a certain time in the past and continued up to that time or stopped ju st
before.
The baby had been crying for ten minutes when the nurse attended to her.
Until he reached VIII class, Ravi had been studying in a village school.
S+had+been+V1+ ing +O S+had+not+been+V1+ ing +O
I had been playing. I had not been playing.
We had been playing. We had not been playing.
You had been playing. You had not been playing.
He/she/it had been playing. He/she/ it had not been playing.
They had been playing. They had not been playing.
Ravi had been playing. Ravi had not been playing.
Boys had been playing. Boys had not been playing.

Had+S+been+V1+ ing+O(?) Had+S+not+been +V1+ing+O(?)
Had I been playing? Had I not been playing?
Had we been playing? Had we not been playing?
Had you been playing? Had you not been playing?
Had he/she/it been playing? Had he/she/it not been playing?
Had they been playing? Had they not been playing?
Had Ravi been playing? Had Ravi not been playing?
Had boys been playing? Had boys not been playing?
3. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

The Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used:
• To indicate an action represented as being in progress over a period of time that will end in the future:
I will / shall have been working for 5 months in this office
by the end of June.
S+will/shall+have+been+V1+ ing +O S+will/shall+not+have+ been+V 1+ ing +O
I shall have been playing. I shall not have been playing.
We shall have been playing. We shall not have been playing.
You will have been playing. You will not have been playing.
He/she/it will have been playing. He/she/ it will not have been playing.
They will have been playing. They will not have been playing.
Ravi will have been playing. Ravi will not have been playing.
Boys will have been playing. Boys will not have been playing.

Will/Shall+S+have+been+V1+ ing+O(?) Won’t+S +have+been +V1+ing+O(?)
Shall I have been playing? Won’t I have been playing?
Shall we have been playing? Won’t we have been playing?
Will you have been playing? Won’t you have been playing?
Will he/she/it have been playing? Won’t he/she/it have been playing?
Will they have been playing? Won’t they have been playing?
Will Ravi have been playing? Won’t Ravi have been playing?
Will boys have been playing? Won’t boys have been playing?
Classroom exercise
1) How long are you learning English?
2) How many cigarettes have you been smoking this afternoon?
3) I am working here since 1995.
4) I’ve had my watch since a long time.
5) How many years are you living in London?
6) Mohan is exhausted. He is playing tennis since two hours.
7) Sonal is doing very well at school since the beginning of the year.
8) I have worn this sweater since 9 o’ clock this morning. I know Lalita for many years.
9) Pawan is attending English classes since two years.
10) I have been listening to the recording several times today.
11) How many new words did you note down so far in this lesson?
12) In her previous job, Rita has spoken English a lot.
13) Ronit has worked here between 1996 and 1999.
14) There is no lesson today. The teacher has been on holiday.
15) The very thought that I will move into my own house by this time next month makes me feel happy.
HOMEWORK EXERCISE
1) She (1)/ is working here (2)/ since 1983 (3)/ No error (4)
2) The new dish (1)/ that I ordered (2)/ is tasting good. (3)/ No error (4)
3) I have got your (1)/ letter yesterday (2)/ and felt happy to learn (3)/ of your recovery. (4)/ No error (5)
4) Sam is working (1)/ in a bank in Chennai (2)/ for the past five years. (3)/ No error (4)
5) My nephew (1)/ begun working (2)/ for me (3)/ about 5 years ago. (4)/ No error (5)
6) I work (1)/ as a medical representative (2)/ for eight months (3)/ No error (4)
7) How long (1)/ it takes (2)/ to travel from Chennai to Tricity (3)/ by train? (4)/ No error (5)
8) Water contamination (1)/ has become more serious (2)/ since Chemists have begun (3)/ to use new substances. (4)/ No e rro r
(5)
9) I declined (1)/ the invitation (2)/ not because I did not want to go (3)/ but because I have not time. (4)/ No error (5)
10) My friend (1)/ brags (2)/ that he is owning a vast properly. (3)/ No error (4)
11) What worries (1)/ him the most (2)/ is that (3)/ he is having four children. (4)/ No error (5)
12) The company has using (1)/ its influence (2)/ to persuade people (3)/ to buy its refrigerators. (4)/ No error (5)
13) My friend (1)/ wrote (2)/ four letters (3)/ since morning. (4)/ No error (5)
14) Krupa and Kamya studied (1)/ in the Delhi Public School (2)/ and so does Kamya. (3)/ No error (5)
15) When my parents (1)/ visited me last (2)/ I have been (3)/ working for the Red Cross furniture for 5 years (4)/ No error (5)
MODALS AND CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 8
MODALS
A modal is an auxiliary verb (generally termed as helping verb) which is used with a main verb to indicate a particular attit ude su ch a s
possibility, obligation and prediction, etc.
For example : can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to, dare, need, used to.
Modals are also sometimes referred to as Modal verbs or Modal Auxiliaries.
Use of Modals
 CAN
(a) Ability/ Capacity
1. I can lift this box.
2. Can you use a personal computer?
3. I am sorry I cannot lend you any mone y.
(b) Informal permission

1. You can go home now.
2. You can use any telephone whenever you like.
 COULD
(a) Ability/ Capacity in the past
1. We couldn’t get the tickets.
2. I could swim across this river when I was young.
(b) Possibility in the present/ future

1. I could go there if you so desire.
2. I could get you a new book if you want one.
(c) Polite requests

1. Could you lend me some money?
2. Could you post this letter for me?
 MAY
(a) Formal permission
1. May I go home now? Yes, you may.
2. May I use your telephone?
3. Teachers may park their car here.
(b) Possibility
1. She may have been unwell.
2. It may rain in a few days.
(c) Wish
1. May you live long and prosper!
2. May you live long and do well in life!
 MIGHT
(a) Possibility in the past
1. You might have been robbed on the way.
2. If you had helped him, he might have thanked you.
(b) Polite request for permission

1. Might I come in?
2. Might I go home and have some rest now?
 SHALL
(a) Simple futurity with I and We
1. I shall inform you as soon as I can
2. I shall lend you money when I have enough.
(b) Threat (with subject other than I/ we)

1. You shall not speak a word more.
2. You shall not leave this place till I allow you.
 SHOULD
(a) Past tense of shall

1. I said that I should be able to manage the show.
2. We hoped that we should be able to help her.
(b) Unlikely future possibility

1. Should fail, we will give him another chance.
2. If you should miss the bus, hire a taxi.
 WILL
(a) Strong intention, promise, threat or expectation.

1. I will not spare him, even if the worst happens.
2. We will not let him escape so cheaply.
(b) Certainty
1. This experiment will bring stability.
2. Your friend will win the Presidential election.
 WOULD
(a) An idea of future when used in the past in reported speech
1. She said that she would be ready in ten minutes.
2. He said that he would accept the new offer.
(b) Polite questions in the present

1. Would you mind moving to the next chair?
2. Would you give her a helping hand?
 Must
(a) Duty, obligation, compulsion
1. We must respect our parents and teachers.
2. We must do whatever we can to help her.
(b) Prohibition negative statements

1. You mustn’t walk on the right side.
2. You must not park your car here.
 OUGHT TO
(a) Moral obligation

1. We ought to respect our elders.
2. You ought to help him in his hour of need.
(b) Logical necessity, expectation, etc.
1. They ought to be here by now.
2. He ought to reach Amritsar by this time.
 NEED
(a) Absence of obligation or necessity in negatives and interrogatives
1. I have paid this bill, so you needn’t pay it.
2. You needn’t go to office. It is a holiday.
“NEED” AS A LEXICAL VERB

Need can also be used as lexical or principal verb. When it is used as such, it behaves like other lexical verbs.
1. You did not need to pay the bill. (lexical verb)
2. You need not go there right now. (Modal verb)
 DARE
1. How dare you say so to my face? (modal verb)
2. Who dares to prove him wrong.(lexical verb)
 USED TO
1. She used to sit at the window and watch the people going down the street.
2. She used to prepare delicious dishes for him.
 HAVE/ HAS/ HAD TO

1. I have to go there early tomorrow morning.
2. She had to resign her job because of her marriage. (I may not like it, but I have no choice in the matter.)
3. He has to commute from Jalandhar to Ludhiana every day.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Conditional tenses are used to speculate about what could happen, what might have happened, and what we wish woul d h a p pe n. I n
English, most sentences using the conditional contain the word if. Many conditional forms in English are used in sentences that inclu d e
verbs in one of the past tenses. This usage is referred to as "the unreal past" because we use a past tense b u t we a re n ot a c tu al ly
referring to something that happened in the past. There are five main ways of constructing conditional s e nte nc es i n E n g li sh . I n al l
cases, these sentences are made up of an if clause and a main clause.
THE ZERO CONDITIONAL
The zero conditional is used for when the time being referred to is now or always and the situati on i s re a l a n d p o ssi b l e. Th e ze ro
conditional is often used to refer to general truths. The tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present. In ze ro c o n d i tio na l
sentences, the word "if" can usually be replaced by the word "when" without changing the meaning.
If clause Main clause
If + simple present simple present
If this thing happens that thing happens.
If you heat ice it melts.
If it rains the grass gets wet.
TYPE 1 CONDITIONAL
The type 1 conditional is used to refer to the present or future where the situation is real. The type 1 conditional refers to a p o s si bl e
condition and its probable result. In these sentences the if clause is in the simple present, and the main clause is in the s imple future.
If + simple present simple future
If this thing happens that thing will happen.
If you don't hurry you will miss the train.
If it rains today you will get wet.

TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL
The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation that is unreal. These sentences are not b a sed
on fact. The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable result. In type 2 conditional s entences, the if
clause uses the simple past, and the main clause uses the present conditional.
If + simple past present conditional or present continuous conditional

If this thing happened that thing would happen. (but I'm not sure this thing will happen) OR
that thing would be happening.
If you went to bed earlier you would not be so tired.
If it rained you would get wet.
If I spoke Italian I would be working in Italy.
TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL
The type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is contrary to reality. The facts they a re b ase d
on are the opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is used to refer to an unreal past c o nd i tio n a nd i ts p ro b ab l e p as t
result. In type 3 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the perfect conditional.
If + past perfect perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional
If this thing had happened that thing would have happened. (but neither of those things really happened) OR
that thing would have been happening.
If you had studied harder you would have passed the exam.
If it had rained you would have gotten wet.
If I had accepted that promotion I would have been working in Milan.

MIXED TYPE CONDITIONAL
The mixed type conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is ongoing into the present. The facts th e y
are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The mixed type conditional is used to refer to an unre a l p as t c on d i tio n a nd i ts
probable result in the present. In mixed type conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main cl au se u s es th e
present conditional.
If + past perfect or simple past present conditional or perfect conditional
If this thing had happened that thing would happen. (but this thing didn't happen so that thing isn't happening)
If I had worked harder at school I would have a better job now.
If we had looked at the map we wouldn't be lost.
If you weren't afraid of spiders you would have picked it up and put it outside.
CLASSWORK EXERCISE
1. After the mother saw what the child did, she admonished her.
2. If I’d known the lecture had been cancelled I can stay in bed longer.
3. When I lived in I could often eat in the restaurant next to my flat.
4. I’m surprised he failed, I suppose he may be ill on the day of exam.
5. He said that the next meeting will be in a month’s time
6. You should call her yesterday.
7. Oh no! Frank’s wallet is lying on the coffee table, he may have left it here last night.
8. If I was he I would accept his proposal.
9. If I find her address I should send her an invitation.
10. If I have an opportunity I would surely avail myself of it.
11. If we had a Yacht we will say the seven seas.
12. If they tell their father he would be very angry.
13. If I feel better, I go to the Cinema with you.
14. If I had known about this rose I may have averted it.
15. If I had been a bird I would soar high in the sky.
HOMEWORK EXERCISE
1. By the time India will (1)/ achieves a better position (2)/ in the world, India will be (3)/ the most popular country (4)/.No error
(5)
2. If you would have (1)/ toiled hard you (2)/ would not have had (3)/ to suffer this much (4)/. No error (5)
3. If I (1) /did this, (2) / I shall be (3) /wrong. (4)/ No error (5)
4. When she (1) / will come to Delhi (2)/, she will (3) /visit our house. (4)/ No error (5)
5. If he (1) / would have done (2)/ this, he would have been (3)/ wrong. (4)/ No error (5)
6. I (1) /would do (2)/ this if I (3) /was you. (4)/ No error (5)
7. After you will return (1)/ from new Delhi (2)/ I will meet you. (3)/ No error (4)
8. Had the plane (1)/ not been delayed (2)/ I will reach here (3)/ in time for the function. (4)/ No error (5)
9. He will tell you (1)/ about it (2)/ when (3)/ he will come back. (4)/ No error (5)
10. We shall (1)/ go out (2)/ if it does (3) not rains. (4)/ No error (5)
11. By the time (1)/ you reach (2)/ the cinema hall (3)/ the movie would start. (4)/ No error (5)
12. I do not know (1)/ where could he have gone (2)/ so early (3)/ in the morning. (4)/ No error (5)
13. I use (1) to go out (2)/ to work earlier (3)/ at Ana nd Vihar. (4)/ No error (5)
14. The streets (1)/ are so wet (2)/ it should have rained (3)/ last night. (4)/ No error (5)
15. He said (1)/ that he will meet (2)/ me at (3)/ the restaurant. (4)/ No error (5)
ADJECTIVE 9
An adjective is a word that is used to add something to the meaning of a Noun or a Pronoun and describe about it.
Ashok is an intelligent boy.
KINDS OF ADJECTIVE
1) Adjectives of Quality: - The adjective which tells us the kind of a person or a thing.
Example: - brave, cloudy, honest, big, beautiful, ugly, dirty, etc.
2) Adjectives of Quantity: - Which tells us how much the thing is.

Example: - much, little, some, any, sufficient, enough, whole, etc.
3) Adjectives of Number: - Which shows how many persons or things are there.
Example: - many, few, all, several, some, first, seven, most, etc.
4) Distributive Adjectives: - It shows the person or the thing which are taken one at a time.
Example: - each, every, either, neither, etc.
5) Demonstrative Adjectives: - It points out the persons or things.

Example: - This, that, these, those, such.
6) Interrogative Adjectives: - Adjectives which are used to ask question.

Example: - What, which, whose, etc.
RULES OF ADJECTIVES
Rule 1 – Comparative degree is used in comparing two things or persons.
It is the better of the two books.
Superlative degree is used in comparing more than two things or persons.
He is the best of the three boys.
Rule 2 – When two changes happen together, comparative degree is used in both.
The higher you go, the cooler you feel.
Rule 3 – Double comparatives and double superlatives must not be used.

He is more wiser than his brother ()
He is wiser than his brother (✓)
Rule 4 - The adjectives ending in – ior (prior, junior, senior, superior, inferior, posterior); take to after them.
He is senior to me.
This book is superior to that book
Rule 5- Some adjectives like unique, ideal, perfect, extreme, complete, universal, infinite, perpetual, chief, entire,
round, impossible are not compared.
It is the most unique book ()
It is a unique book (✓)
Rule 6 - When comparative degree is used in superlative sense, it is foll0owed by any other.
Kapil is better than any bowler ()
Kapil is better than any other bowler. (✓)
Rule 7 – When we compare two qualities in the same person or thing, the comparative ending ‘– er’ is not used.
You are wiser than old ()
You are more wise than old (✓)
Rule 8– Compound adjective formed by adding worth is placed after the noun it qualifies.
This is a worth seeing sight ()
This is a sight worth seeing (✓)
Rule 9 – When there are two objects of comparison, then to avoid repetition of noun ‘that’ is used for singular noun
and ‘those’ for plural noun.
The climate of Ranchi is better than that of Gaya.
CLASSWORK EXERCISE
1) I am more wiser than that student.
2) My house is larger than you.
3) The climate of Hyderabad is better than Madras.
4) Pooja is my older sister.
5) It is much fine today.
6) My friend is senior than me by 4 years.
7) Death is preferable than disgrace.
8) Kolkata is a worth-seeing city.
9) The two first chapters of this book are very important.
10) Suvarna is greater than any students in the class.
11) Shakuntala is better than any drama in Sanskrit.
12) His house is further from the station than yours.
13) The tiger is the ferocious of all animals in the forest.
14) My knife is the sharpest of the two.
15) John thought that Switzerland was more beautiful of all the places he had seen in Europe.
HOMEWORK EXERCISE
1. Geometry and Drawing (1)/ are more easier (2)/ than (3)/ Geography and Social Studies. (4)/ No error. (5)
2. Everyone felt that (1)/ the big glittering (2)/ diamond (3)/ was most unique. (4)/ No error. (5)
3. Even the most perfect (1)/ person in the world is said (2)/ to have erred (3)/ where there was time to act. (4)/ No error (5)
4. It is a (1)/ worth seeing movie (2)/ and you (3)/ must not miss it. (4)/ No error. (5)
5. I like him because (1)/ he is the (2)/ most interesting fellow (3)/ because of his amiable nature. (4)/ No error. (5)
6. Of all the students (1)/ Rita was less worried (2)/ when the date for (3)/ the annual examination wa s a n n ou n ce d. ( 4 )/ No
error. (5)
7. In the opinion of (1)/ everyone (2)/ she is wiser (3)/ than beautiful. (4)/ No error. (5)
8. Your essay (1)/ should not exceed (2)/ more than (3)/ hundred words. (4)/ No error. (5)
9. The two last (1)/ pictures of a (2)/ very competent director (3)/ have not proved a success. (4)/ No error.(5)
10. Tanya is more (1)/ intelligent than any other (2)/ boy in (3)/ her class. (4)/ No error. (5)
11. She is better (1)/ than any girl (2)/ that studies (3)/ in our class. (4)/ No error. (5)
12. There is no name (1)/ more glorious (2)/ than Sardar Patel (3)/ in the history of India. (4)/ No error. (5)
13. Privatization offers the (1)/ most ideal situation (2)/ for consumers because private sector(3)/ is very conscious of quality.(4) /
No error (5)
14. He is as intelligent (1)/ if not more intelligent (2) / than his brother who has qualified (3) / for this post.(4) / no error(5)
15. She is the best (1) / and (2)/ beautiful girl (3)/ of our class. (4)/ no error (5 )
DETERMINERS 10
Determiners are adjective words like a, an, the (articles), some, any, each, every, either, neither, a great many, l i ttl e, a l i ttl e, th e
little, few, a few, the few, less, fewer, much, many.
1. Some, Any:
To express quantity some is used in the affirmative sentences; any in negative sentences.
I have some milk but I do not have any sugar.
She bought some shoes but did not buy any dresses .
a) Some is used in interrogative sentences when making polite requests.

Will you give me some sugar?
Will you have some more tea?
b) In conditional sentences as:

If there are any oranges in the market, please buy some.
c) Use of any in interrogative or negative sentences:

Did you buy any stamps?
Have you any articles on the recent events?
I didn’t see any oranges in the market.
2. Each, Every; Either, Neither:

Each means one of two things or one of any number exceeding two. Every is used while speaking of some number
exceeding two as:
Each of them had a gun in his hand.
Each of you can go to the market.
Every man expects loyalty from its people.
Either has two meanings:

1) One out of two 2) each of two (both).
Neither is the negative of either and means neither the one nor the other
You can leave by either door. (By one door or the other)
Trees grew on either side of the road. (Both sides)
He looked at neither side of the road. (Neither this side nor the other.
3. Much, Many:
Much stands for quantity and many denotes number.
Was there much milk left in the pot?
Were there many people watching the movie?
We haven’t got many books.
She doesn’t have much money.
4. Little, A Little, The Little:

Little means hardly any or not much. It has a negative meaning.
There was little money in the house.
There was little that she could do to help the patient.
A little means some at least. It has an affirmative meaning.
A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
There is a little milk left in the pot .
The little means all.
The strength he had was not much.
5. Few, A Few, The Few:

Few means not many and has a negative meaning. He has a few books left in the library. A Few m e a n s s o me a t l e as t. I t h a s a
positive meaning.
He has few books left in the library.
The Few means all. It can be used both positively and negatively.
He lost the few friends he had.
6. Less, Fewer: Least, Fewest

Less is used with reference to quantity and fewer with reference to number.
The huge pumpkin weighted no less than ten pounds.
I cannot buy less than ten kilograms of rice.
No fewer than two thousand people joined the strike.
No fewer than ten civilians were hurt in the firing.
CLASSWORK EXERCISE DETERMINERS

1) Little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
2) Mark Waugh scored less runs in this series than in the previous one.
3) Cynics believe that a few persons are good in this world.
4) You can make much profit even of a little money you have left.
5) I have a request could you give me any money?
6) You are a good student; I have a little doubt regarding your success.
7) He wants little sugar for tea.
8) Little learning is a dangerous thing.
9) Little act would have saved the situation.
10) Some people have a lot of wealth but a little or no sympathy for the less fortunate.
11) No fewer than 50 kg rice is required.
12) Do you take sugar and if so how much.
13) With little patience you will be able to cross this hurdle.
14) To perform this experiment drop little sugar into a glass of water.
15) As he had taken only a few sips there was still some water left in the glass.
PRACTICE EXERCISE (ADJECTIVE)

1. There were (1) / no less than (2)/ fifty persons (3)/ present in the room. (4)/ no error (5)
2. Few remarks (1) / that he (2)/ made were (3) / offensive to my friend. (4) / no error (5)
3. The meeting was (1)/ postponed because only a few (2)/ number of persons (3) / were present. (4)/ No error(5)
4. I requested him (1) / to lend me (2)/ few books (3) / that might help in my studies. (4) / No error (5)
5. Could you please (1) / give me (2)/ any money (3) / to buy food?(4) / no error(5)
6. Little care on your part (1) / would have (2)/ made you (3) / more successful than your friend.(4) No error (5)
7. A little quantity of sugar (A) / is required to meet (B) / with the present demands.(C) / no
8. error(D)
9. It very often happens (A) / that a man who talks most (B) / does little.(C) / No error (D)
10. I got less marks in my history paper which I had offered as an alternative to Economics. No error
11. Few remarks that he made were offensive to my brother. No error
12. The meeting was postponed because only a little persons were present there. No error.
13. He had to cut a sorry figure when he realized that he did not have some money in his purse. No error
14. Are there some speeches made from public platforms that can bring about an economic revolution? No error.
15. The technician reminded them to handle the machine with little care. No error.
ADVERB 11
An adverb is a word used to add something to the meaning of a verb, adjective or another adverb. It is said to modify verbs, adjectives
and adverbs. For example:-
1. She is walking slowly.
2. She is very intelligent.
Kinds of Adverb
1. Adverb of time- Before, ago, lately, now, soon, yesterday, already, never.
2. Adverb of frequency- Always, once, seldom, usually, rarely etc.
3. Adverb of place- Here, everywhere, down, near, away, backward, upward.
4. Adverb of manner- Slowly, so, soundly, delightfully.
5. Adverb of affirmation and negation- Certainly, apparently, obviously, no, undoubtedly.
6. Adverb of degree- Almost, fully, very, enough, rather, quite, too, really.
7. Interrogative adverb- How, what, when, why.
8. Relative adverb- When, where, why, how.
Relative adverbs are used to make an adjective clause.
Example:- He was born in the year when I left India.
Rules of Adverb
Rule 1. Adjective qualifies a noun and a pronoun whereas adverb modifies a verb, an adjective and an adverb. For example: -
1. Her act was remarkable.
2 .She ran quicker than I.
Rule 2. Adverb of time such as-
“Always, often, already, just, never, sometimes, frequency, generally, recently, usually, hardly, rarely, normally etc. are
generally placed before the verb they modify. For example:-
1. My brother often comes every Sunday.
2. He usually goes to the movies every Friday.
Rule 3. Adverbs of manners are placed only after the intransitive verb. However, the adverb can be placed either b e fo re o r
after the transitive verb.
For example:- 1. He returned immediately.
2.He slept soundly last night.
Rule 4. If the sentence is introduced by an adverb, inverted form of the verb is used for sake of emphasis. For example: -
1. She no sooner reached the station than she met her friend.
2.She had hardly reached the station when the train arrived.
Rule 5. Use of Else and Other
‘Else’ should be followed by ‘but’.‘Other’ and ‘Otherwise’ are followed by ‘than’.
For example:-
1. She had no other alternative than stay here. (Use ‘than’ in place of ‘but’)
2. She has no one else to look after her but me. (Use ‘but’ in place of ‘except’)
Rule 6. Both ‘never’ and ‘not’ are adverbs. The use of ‘never’ for ‘not’ is incorrect.
For example:-
1. I did not went to Ooty last year. (Use ‘did not’ go in place of ‘never’)
2. I do not remember to have said so. (Use ‘do not’ in place of ‘never’)
Rule 7. Note the use of phrases.
‘Seldom or never’, ‘seldom, if ever’, ‘little or nothing’. ‘little, if anything’.
The phrases ‘seldom or ever’ and ‘little or anything’ are wrong in use.
For example: We seldom or never meet our relatives these days.
Rule 8. Negative adverbs should not be used with the words negative in meaning. So two negatives should be avoided.
‘Seldom, nowhere, never, nothing, hardly, scarcely, neither, barely, rarely’ are some of the adverbs expressing negative mean ing.
For example:-
1. I rarely went to meet nobody across the road. (Use ‘anybody’ in place of ‘nobody’)
2. She hardly knows nothing about the family. (Use ‘anything’ in place of ‘nothing’)
Rule 9. Given below are some of the examples of the words being treated as adverbs whereas they a re a d je cti ves o r n o u n s. Fo r
example:-
(A) Manly, masterly, slovenly, monthly, weekly, sickly, friendly, orderly, gentlemanly are adjectives and should not b e
confused with adverbs.
(B) Coward, miser, niggard are nouns.
‘Cowardly, miserly, niggardly’ are adjectives.
‘In a coward, miserly, niggardly manner’ are used as adverbs.
(C) Fast, straight, outright, direct, hard, hardly, late, light, high, safe, quiet etc, are used both a s a n a d j ecti ve a n d
adverb.
(D) ‘Loudly’ and ‘Aloud’ are adverb though in meanings. ‘Loud’ is an adjective.
(E) Late, lately
Late is both an adjective & an adverb
Lately is an adverb.
(F) Hard is both an adjective and adverb used in affirmative sense.
Hardly is an adverb used in negative meaning.
For example:-
1. A soldier is trained never to fight cowardly. (Use ‘in a cowardly manner’)
2. Rohit always comes late to school. (Say ‘late’ for ‘lately’)
Rule 10. The use of ‘very, much, so, too, enough, rather’.
(A) ‘Very’ modify present participle used as adjective, adverb and adjectives in positive degree. ‘Much’ is used with c o mp arati ve
degree and past participle.
For example:-
1. It is a much interesting picture. (Use ‘very’ in place of ‘much’)
2. I was very exhausted in the evening. (Use ‘much’ in place of ‘very’)
Note:- The use of ‘Very’ and ‘Much’ in superlative degree.
(B) ‘So’, and ‘too’ should be used without ‘that’(Adverb clause) and ‘to’ (Infinitive) respectively.
‘Very’ and ‘much’ may be used in the place of so and too.
For example:-
1. My brother is so healthy. (Use ‘very’ in place of ‘so’)
2. She is too poor to study further.
(C) ‘Enough’ is both an adjective and adverb. As an adverb it is always p laced after the adjective it modifies.
As an adjectives it is placed before a noun. For example:-
1. She is enough wise to allow her son to go. (Place ‘enough’ after ‘wise’)
2. She is enough money to spend.
Rule 11. Note the difference between too, as well, also.

(a) ‘Too, as well, also’, are used in the sense of “besides”, “in addition to” an affirmative sentence. But ‘also’ cannot be used at end
position.
1. She found her bag and money too/as well.
2. She plays the piano and the harmonium as well/also.
(b) So+ auxiliary + subject is used in affirmative sentence in relation to two persons doing one action.
1. She won the prize and so did her sister. (Win)
2. His wife plays piano and so does he. (play)
(c) Neither + auxiliary +subject is used in negative sentence in relation to two persons doing one action.
1. He does not write well and neither do I. (write)
2. She will not lend money and neither will he. (lend)
Rule 12. While answering a question the adverb ‘yes’ or ‘no’ should be used acco rding to the affirmative a n d n e g ati ve a n swer. Fo r
example:-
1. Have you taken food?
2. Yes, I have not taken so far? (Use ‘No’ in place of ‘Yes’)
Rule 13. (A) Adverb ‘as’ should be used to introduce predicative of the verbs.
‘regard, describe, define, treat, view, know’.
(B) Adverb ‘as’ should be avoided to introduce predicative of the verbs.
‘name, elect, think, consider, call, appoint, make, choose’. For example:-
1. I regard him as my brother.
2. Science has been defined as the study of nature.
CLASSWORK EXERCISE
1) He quick reads a book.

2) The class is terrible loud today.
3) You can easy open this tin.
4) He careful drives the car .
5) The dog barks loud .
6) Joanne is happy. She smiles happy.
7) The boy is loud. He shouts loud.
8) Her English is fluent. She speaks English fluent.
9) Our mum was angry. She spoke to us angry.
10) My neighbour is a careless driver. He drives rash.
11) The painter is awful. He paints bad.
12) This girl is very quiet. She often sneaks out of the house quiet.
13) She is a good dancer. She dances really good.
14) Inspite of working very neat & careful he could not win even the third prize.
15) Watch how careful the sparrow knits the straws into one another to fo rm a nest.
HOMEWORK EXERCISE
1. The principal forbade us not to use the entire central hall. No error.
2. Believe me I couldn’t hardly believe what anyone of them had said. No error.
3. The real important thing to remember is that language learning requires a lot of practice . No error.
4. We should appreciate that the telephones here have been working as efficiently as in the past.
No error.
5. He returned quicker than I expected. No error.
6. She is either intelligent or honest if not both. No error.
7. There is no other way to rend war except disarmament. No error.
8. After toiling very hardly over a long period to time he found that people recognized him as a
successful person. No error.
9. She was noticeable upset by how indignant he responded to her final question. No error.
10. She can understand Marathi but she cannot speak it properly or fluently. No error.
11. She stated to me as blunt as she could. No error.
12. One should face the misfortunes of life manly. No error.
13. He is enough kind to help every body in need. No error.
14. When I got home I was too exhausted. No error.
15. It was much hot yesterday and we didn’t go out. No error.
ARTICLES 12
INDEFINITE DEFINITE
(A, An) (The)
Use of ‘An’
Rule 1 – Before words beginning with vowel sounds (a, e, i, o, u are called vowels and others are called consonants ).
An apple, an egg, an owl.
Rule 2 – Before words beginning with silent ‘h’

an hour, an honourable man, an heir, an honest man.
Rule 3 – F, H, L, M, N, R, S, X are letters that are not vowels but begin with vowel sound.
e.g. ‘M’ has the sound of ‘em’ (vowel sound).
an M.L.A., an R.A.F., an N.C.C. officer, an F.I.R. an X- ray, an H.E. school, an S.P. an LEA school, an X-ray.
Use of ‘A’
Rule 1 (i) In the sense of one
He couldn’t speak a word to save
himself.
(ii) With one
A one man show, a one–rupee note.
Rule 2 Before words beginning with consonant sound.

a boy, a box, a dog.
Rule 3 With vowel letters having consonant sound.

a university, a unique article, a euphemism, a unit, a European language, (all these begin with conson an t s ou n d o f
‘yu’)
Rule 4 With units and rate (per)
He earns five hundred rupees a month.
Rice sells at ten rupees a kilo.
Give me a meter length of the cloth.
Rule 5 In exclamatory expressions before singular countable nouns:

What a pretty girl!
How sunny a day!
Rule 6 When two subjects or articles are thought of as a single unit.

He was ready with a cup and saucer.
A cigarette is made of a paper and tobacco.
Use of ‘The’
Rule 1 When we speak of a particular person or thing already referred to:

The boy near the tap is my brother.
She found a purse. The purse contained a golden chain. The golden chain is very precious.
Rule 2 When a singular noun represents the whole class:

The mango is considered the king among fruit.
The peacock is the national bid of India.
Rule 3 With names of Gulfs, bays, rivers, oceans, seas, island groups, deserts and mountain
ranges.
The Himalayas, the Indian ocean, the Persian gulf, the Red sea, the Andaman and Nicobar islands, the Brahmapu tra
river.
Rule 4 Sacred books, Religious groups:

the Vedas, the Puranas, the Bible, the Ramacharitmanas.
The Sikhs, the Hindus, the Parsees.
Rule 5 Musical instruments:

the flute, the violin, the tabla, the trumpet.
Rule 6 The inventions:

I hate the telephone for its constant ringing.
The television is a gift of science.
Rule 7 Political parties, Newspapers, Clubs, foundations, etc.

The AAP, The Congress, the Janata party, the B.J.P.
the Tribune, the Hindustan Times
The lion’s club, the ford foundation.
Rule 8 Before names of an empire, dynasty or historical event.
the Gupta dynasty, the Old Stone Age, the First World War, the American Revolution.
Rule 9 With ordinals:

He took the first auto that came his way.
He lives in the tenth block.
Rule 10 Before an adjective when noun is understood:

The poor would favour him.
We must not shun the disabled.
OMISSION OF ARTICLE
Article is omitted in following cases:
1. Before a Proper Noun.

Akbar was a great king.
When ‘Article’ is used before a proper noun, it becomes a common noun.
Mumbai is the Manchester of India.
This man is the second Sachin.
4. Before Abstract Nouns that express qualities, state, feeling, actions.

Honesty is the best policy.
Virtue is its own reward.
When abstract nouns, instead of referring qualifies, express person or things possessing such qualities or express qualitie s o f
definite objects. They are preceded by “Article.”
She possesses the cunningness of a fox.
(Here, cunningness refers the quality of a definite object that is ‘fox’).
He has the dedication of an ideal student.
5. Before Material Nouns.

Iron is a hard metal.
Silver is a semi-precious metal.
When material nouns express things instead of matter of which they are representing ‘common noun’, so they can be
preceded by the Article.
He threw a stone on the cow.
She threw a stick at the pig.
6. Before names of regular meals, language, color, seasons, time of day.

He was invited to dinner.
I do not know ‘Hindi’ but know ‘English’.
I like red and blue colours.
In Spring we like to clean the house.
She is planning to visit her parents in winter.
We travelled mostly by night.
We’ll be there around midnight.
7. Before a noun following the expression ‘kind of’, ‘nature’.

Example:
What kind of girl is she?
What kind of boy is he?
If you interfere with nature you will suffer for it.
8. Before names of public institutions (Church, School, University, Prison, Hospital, Court, etc) if they are used,
for the purpose they exist rather than actual building.
He went to church. (It means he went to church for saying his prayer)
He went to the church and from there he took a bus. (Means that he went to the place where building of the church is
situated)
9. When two or more descriptive adjectives qualify the same noun and adjectives are connected by ‘and ’; the
article is used before the first adjective only.
This is a Hindi and English Dictionary.
(Here dictionary is one)
He is a qualified and hard-working man.
But, If two nouns refer to different persons or things, the article must be used with each noun.
He is a doctor and a musician.
10. Article is omitted with professions, games, sports.

Engineering is a useful career.
He’ll probably go into medicine.
I am playing cricket.
He is fond of paying tennis.
CLASSWORK EXERCISE ARTICLES
1. It is futile to give an advice to a person who would not listen to you.

2. It is pity that he does not behave humbly with his parent and friend.
3. It is said that elephant is vindictive by nature and never forgets his enemy.
4. Being M.A. only he could not be appointed to the post of a lecturer.
5. Sikhs belong to a martial race since they were organized into the force to fight against the oppression of the rulers.
6. He has been sent to the prison several times but has not shown any sign of improvement in his conduct.
7. Surdas is often called Milton of India.
8. Prince Charles is a heir to the throne of the Great Britain. .
9. I shall never forget a good deed you did to me when I was in crises.
10. Higher you go the colder it is.
11. The Chinese is a very difficult language to understand for those who have never been to China.
12. Everybody admires him because he plays the piano skillfully.
13. News you broke to his wife made her nervous and she broke down.
14. Who is a girl over there with Mike?
15. We need a secretary with an good knowledge of English.
HOMEWORK EXERCISE ARTICLES
5) I go to the temple (1)/ as often as (2)/ I find time. (3)/ No error (5)
2) Shahrukh is (1)/ a Tom Cruise (2)/ of India. (3)/ No error (5)
9) Pacific Ocean is (1)/ the deepest ocean (2)/ in the world. (3)/ No error (4)
10) Unicef (1)/ is (2)/ an international organization. (3)/ No error (4)
12) A interesting book (1)/ ‘A Tale of two cities’ (2)/ was written by Alexander Domes. (3)/ No error (4)
14) She had an (1)/ miserable existence (2)/ living with him. (3)/ No error (4)
17) Teachers were instructed (1)/ to follow (2)/ an uniform method (3)/ of evaluation. (4)/ No error (5)
13) I met the gentleman (1)/ today morning (2)/ on my way (3)/ to the market. (4)/ No error (5)
18) Equator (1)/ divides the earth (2)/ into two hemispheres (3)/ No error (4)
16. Book I read last week was an interesting one. No error .
17. Sunil is a best student in our class at present. No error .
18. I go to the bed at eight every night. No error .
19. A person I met in the theatre was the playwright himself. No error .
20. In a report issued by Indian statistical Institute the Iron & steel Industry is investing more than any other Indian I n d u stry i n
fighting pollution. No error .
21. According to the Bible it is meek and the humble who shall inherit the earth. No error .
CONJUNCTION 13
Conjunctions are joining words as they join either two sentences or two subjects.
TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS
1) Conjunctions of Addition: and, both-and, as well as, also, besides, moreover, too, not only–but also
2) Conjunctions of Place: where, wherever
3) Conjunctions of Time: when, whenever, as long as, no sooner than, before, till, since, after, while, as soon as
4) Conjunctions of Cause and Reason: as, because, since, therefore, so
5) Conjunctions of Purpose: that, lest, therefore, so- that
6) Conjunctions of Result and Consequence: That
7) Conjunctions of Condition: if, when, unless, provided that
8) Conjunctions of Concession and Contrast: though/although-yet, even though, however, but, despite, in spite of
9) Conjunctions of Comparison: than, as–as, so -as, to
10) Conjunctions of Alternative and Choice: either -or, neither- nor
CO-RELATED CONJUNCTIONS
1. Scarcely or hardly is followed by when.

Scarcely had I entered the room when I heard a shriek.
Hardly had I slept when the telephone bell rang.
2. Although / Though is followed by yet.

Though he worked hard yet he failed.
3. No sooner is followed by than.

No sooner did we reach there than it began to rain.
4. Not only is followed by but also.

Not only did he help her, but also dropped her home safely.
5. Lest is negative and so should not be followed by not; it is followed by should.

Work hard lest you should fail.
If would or may is used in place of should, then else should be used in place of lest.
Give him water, else he may die.
Leave on time, else you would miss the train.
6. Both is complemented by and; not by as well as.

Both Amit and Satish are good at Science.
7. So-as is used in negative sentences, whereas

As-as is used in affirmative sentences.
He is not so tall as his brother.
He is as tall as his father.
8. Other is followed by than;

He has no other claim than his wealth.
9. Else is followed by But:

No one else will look after him but you.
10. The word reason is not followed by because, but by that.

The reason why he didn’t go was that his mother was ill.
11. Because, As and Since denote reason.

He went to the doctor because he was ill.
As he was not there, I spoke to his brother.
Since he did not come to the party, his gift was sent to him.
12. Words such as regard, describe, define, treat, mention, depict, portray are followed by as.
I regard her as my sister.
He was treated as a slave.
13. In order that and In order to denote purpose.

He went to Delhi in order that he might see Mr. Roy.
She left for Mumbai in order to see Mr. Sharma.
14. Either is followed by or; Neither is followed by nor;

Either you are or he is to blame.
Neither Ravi nor Vipan was seen.
Neither did I read nor did I write.
15. Unless, until should not be followed by not.

Wait here until I come
Do not go unless I return.
16. If is used to give conditional sense:

If he does not return the books, he will not be awarded the certificate.
17. Whether is used to express uncertainty:

I don’t know whether he was present.
18. To express how long use as long as.

Work as long as you live.
19. Such is followed by as:

We talked about such subjects as the weather.
Such is followed by that; if we emphasize the degree of something by mentioning the result, E.g. The extent of the disa ster
was such that not a single man could survive.
20. While is used for two simultaneous actions, When is used for sequential actions.
I saw a friend while I was driving under the bridge.
I will call you when I finish my work.
CONJUNCTIONS CLASSWORK EXERICSE
1. As she is bulky, so she walks slowly.

2. Because she is smart, therefore everybody likes her.
3. She was angry, therefore, I ran away.
4. She wants a ring twice costly as this.
5. She hates you much as I.
6. I have no money I cannot buy a car.
7. Wait here until he does not come.
8. Walk carefully lest you fall down.
9. Run fast lest you should not miss the bus.
10. Although she is poor but she is honest.
11. Unless you do not labour hard, you will never score a good division.
12. You can visit me when you desire.
13. She will not come unless she is not invited.
14. Unless you have no objection, he will continue writing to you.
15. I don’t know if she is coming to the party.
PRACTICE EXERCISE CONJUNCTION
1. Although they listen to me (A) / but their actions (B) / prove otherwise (C) / no error(D)
2. He treats (A) / us as (B) / slaves. (C) / no error (D)
3. She looked at him (A) / in such distress (B) / as he had to look away. (C) / no error (D)
4. This film is interesting (A) / and the previous one (B) / was b oring. (C) / no error (D)
5. It is difficult to know (A) / whether (B) / you are selected or not. (C) / no error (D)
6. He has no other chance (A) / but to start (B) / his own business. (C) / no error (D)
7. They had hardly finished (A) / their meals that at once (B) / they resumed their duty. (C) / no error (D)
8. I don’t know whether (A) / Raj is equally (B) / good as Vimal. (C) / no error (D)
9. He has no other business (A) / but to play (B) / with computers. (C) / no error (D)
10. Be smart (A) / not only in dress (B) / and also in action. (C) / no error (D)
11. Because he is physically strong (A) / therefore he was selected (B) / for the school boxing team. (C) / no error (D)
12. The reason for his failure (A) / is because (B) / he did not work hard. (C) / no error (D)
13. Unless you do not listen to his advice (A) / I am not going (B) / to help you. (C) / no error (D)
14. How do you say (A) / that neither he or Raj has qualified (B) / in the examination?(C) / no error (D)
15. We are not sure (A) / if he is coming (B) / to the party. (C) / no error (D)
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME AND PLACE 14
A Preposition is a word used with a noun or pronoun to show its relation to some other word in a sentence.
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
1. At is used: PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
(a) With a definite point of time
I usually get up at 5 o’clock. 1. At refers to an exact point:
She leaves her house every day at 9 a.m. The tourist stayed at the Tourist Hotel.
(b) With festivals He studied at Oxford.
He will come at Holi. He is waiting at the door.
2. In is used: 2. In refers to larger areas:

(a) With the parts of the day, (with noon, use at), He lives in Bombay.
months, seasons and years.
He takes a walk in the afternoon. 3. Between is used for two persons or two things:
In summer the weather is warm. Share these sweets between him and me.
(b) With the future tense referring to the period in It is a secret between you and me.
which action may take place
You must be careful in future. 4. Among is used with more than two persons or things
but before the word which starts with a consonant
3. On is used with days and dates: letter:
My brother will arrive on Monday. Divide the sweets among the three boys.
My birthday is on the first of June.
5. Amongst is also used with more than two persons
4. By refers to the latest time at which an action will b e and things but before the word which starts with a
over: vowel letter.
The examination will be over by 5 p.m. Divide the sweets amongst us.
5. For is used with perfect continuous tense showing 6. Above is used for higher than:
the duration of an action: The sun rose above the horizon.
I have been here for three years. We were flying above the clouds.
6. Since is used with the point of time when action 7. Under is used for vertically below:
begins and continues: It is shady under the trees.
He has been ill since last Tuesday.
Since 1980, Shalini has lived in Delhi. 8. Below is used for lower than:
When the sun sets it goes below the horizon.
7. From refers to the starting point of an action: Your work is below average.
This water came from a spring.
She came from USA. 9. Over is used for vertically above:
There is an aircraft coming over.
The bathroom is over the kitchen.
10. Beneath means a lower position.

The ground was slippery beneath her.
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION
1. To is used to express motion from one place to another:

We walked to the river and back.
2. Towards refers to directions:

He saw me running towards him.
She glanced towards the mirror.
3. Into denotes motion towards the inside of something.

She fell into a ditch.
4. At refers to aim.
He aimed at bird.
5. For denotes directions:

I will leave for Pune today.
The minister left for the U. K.
6. Against shows pressure:

She cleaned the edge of her knife against the plate.
He leaned against a tree.
7. Off refers to separation:

He was wiping sweat off his face.
Kim fell off his chair in a swoon.
8. From refers to the point of departure:

The man parted from his friends.
We scrambled from our trucks and ran after them.
PREPOSITION OF POSITION
1. About shows nearness:

I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.
His father is about to retire.
2. Along stands for in the same line:

She led them along the corridor.
The current passes along the wire here.
3. After refers to sequence.

She came after me.
Soon after, Faraday began his researches into electricity.
4. Across means from one side:

He blew a cloud of smoke across the table.
She ran across the field.
5. Before stands for in front of:

A thief was brought before the judge.
The garage is before the road.
6. Behind means at the back of:

She sat down behind the hedge.
The sun went behind a cloud.
7. Beyond means on the farther side of:

This is beyond his power.
Love is beyond all human control.
8. Beside means by the side of:

I sat down beside my wife.
9. Besides means in addition to:

Besides being a teacher, he is a skilled craftsman.
CLASSROOM EXERCISE
4. He is addicted _______ smoking.
5. He was ashamed ___ his conduct.
6. I am not afraid ____ death.
7. Harry is very fond ____ reading novels.
8. She was very kind ___ us all.
9. I prefer riding ___ walking.
10. Be careful ____ your health.
11. You must take care ___ your health.
14. He is proud ___ his wealth.
15. Ali begged ____ mercy _____ the king.
18. She takes delight ___ swimming.
19. I was then busy ____ my lessons.
20. We were astonished ___ her rudeness.
21. We all wondered ___ her success.
22. The people were alarmed ____ this news.
23. The dog is ever faithful ___ his master.
26. My book is different ____ Harry’s.
27. Please excuse me __ coming late.
28. The basket is full ____ flowers.
29. Fill the bottle ____ hot water.
72. He was accused ____ theft.
74. I congratulate you ____ your success.
76. He objected ___ my proposal.
62. He deals ____ Japanese silk.
94. Alcohol is injurious ___ health.
HOMEWORK EXERCISE
5. It was apparent for everyone (A) / present that if the patient did not receive (B) / medical attention fast, he wo uld d i e . ( C) /
no error (D)
2. I was taken with surprise (A) / when I saw (B) / the glamorous Appu ghar. (C) / no error (D)
12. I must start at dawn (A) / to reach the station (B) / in time. (C) / no error (D)
15. The father brought the sweets (A) / and distributed them (B) / between his five children. (C) / no error. (D)
16. Raman developed the habit (A) / for sleeping late (B) / when he was staying in the hostel. (C) / no error.
(D)
19. My niece has been married (A) / with (B) / the richest man of the town. (C) / no error. (D)
20. The venue of examination (A) / is one mile (B) / further up the hill. (C) / no error. (D)
18. The top-ranking candidates (A) / will be appointed in senior jobs (B) / in good companies. (C) / no error.
(D)
21. The doctor referred the patient (A) / for the OPD (B) / without examining him. (C) / no error. (D)
26. After opening the door we entered (A) / into the room (B) / next to the kitchen. (C) / no error. (D)
30. The engineer came out to a novel solution (A) / which may even reduce (B) / daily energy consumption.
(C) / no error. (D)
31. On a holiday Madhu prefers (A) / reading than going (B) / out visiting friends. (C) / no error. (D)
32. People who are (A) / averse with (B) / hard work generally do not succeed in life. (C) / no error. (D)
33. Vishal is one year junior (A) / than (B) / Madan in our office. (C) / no error. (D)
34. They walked (A) / besides (B) / each other in silence. (C) / no error. (D)
COMPLEX PREPOSITIONS 15
APPROPRIATE PREPOSITIONS
ABOUT
25) Hide from: I will not hide the truth from you.
1) Doubt about: There is no doubt about it.
26) Recover from: She has not yet recovered from illness.
AGAINST IN
2) Complaint against: Have you any complaint against 27) Believe in: I do not believe in what you say.
me?
28) Interested in: I am not interested in this matter.
3) Guard against: You must guard against this bad habit.
29) Afraid of: He is afraid of his own shadow.
4) Rebel against: The people rebelled against the rule o f
the cruel King. OF
5) Struggle against: The poor people have to struggle 30) Approve of: I do not approve of your plan.
against many difficulties.
31) Ashamed of: You ought to be ashamed of your
AT conduct.
6) Aim at 1 : He aimed at the tiger and fired. 32) Avail of: You must avail yourself of this opportunity.
7) Astonished at: I was astonished at his sudden 33) Aware of: I was not aware of the danger.
appearance.
34) Beg of: I begged a favour of him.
8) Laugh at: Do not laugh at him.
35) Beware of: Beware of the crossing.
9) Wonder at: He wondered at my boldness.
36) Boast of: He always boast of his riches.
10) Gain by: A wise man gains by experience.
37) Cheat of: He cheated me of five rupees.
FOR
38) Composed of: Water is composed of hydrogen and
11) Candidate for: I am also a candidate for the post. oxygen.
12) Eager for: Some people are eager for praise. 39) Convinced of: I am convinced of your innocence.
13) Excuse for: Have you any excuse for your conduct? 40) Cured of: The patient was soon cured of his disease.
14) Famous for: Kashmir is famous for its shawls. 41) Guilty of: The judge declared him guilty of the crime.
15) Fit for: This food is hardly fit for a dog. 42) Hear of: Did you not hear of his failure?
16) Good for: Quinine is good for malaria. 43) Ignorant of: I am ignorant of the customs of this
country.
17) Mistake for: I mistake him for his brother.
18) Necessary for: Pure air is necessary for health. 44) Jealous of: Don’t be jealous of others’ reputation.
19) Send for: Send for the doctor at once. 45) Lame of: He is lame of one leg.
20) Sorry for: I am sorry for the mistake. 46) Made of: This box is made of wood.
21) Start for: Exactly at 8 o’clock we started for the Qutab. 47) Proud of: She is very proud of her beauty.
22) Taste for: She has a taste for poetry and music. 48) Relieve of: This medicine will certainly rel i eve yo u o f
your pain.
FROM
23) Escape form: The parrot escaped from the cage. 49) Remind of: His face reminds me of his father.
24) Free from: You are free from blame in this affair. 50) Rob of: They robbed him of one hundred rupees.
51) Short of: Nothing short of one hundred rupees will 81) Limit to: There is a limit to everything.
satisfy him.
82) Listen to: Listen to me.
52) Smell of: This dash smells of garlic.
83) Loyal to: We must remain loyal to the Government.
53) Sure of: He is quite sure of his success.
84) Married to: Sita was married to Rama.
54) Think of: Can you think of nothing else?
85) Regard to: I have a great regard for him.
55) Warn of: I warned him of the danger.
86) Obedient to: You should be obedient to your parents.
56) Worthy of: Gandhi was a man worthy of praise.
87) Object to: I do not object to your proposal.
UPON/ ON/ OVER
88) Objection to: Have you any objection to this?
57) Act upon: I will act upon your advice.
58) Congratulate on: I congratulate you on your success. 89) Occur to: It did not occur to me.
59) Count on: I count on your help. 90) Parallel to: This straight line is parallel to that.
60) Depend upon: Your success depends upon hard work. 91) Peculiar to: This is a custom peculiar to the Hindus.
61) Hit upon: The wise crow hit upon a plan. 92) Prefer to: I prefer death to dishonour.
62) Rely on: I cannot rely on such a person. 93) Reduced to: He is reduced to a skeleton.
63) Control over: I have no control over him. 94) Refer to: The complement must refer to the subject o r
the object.
64) Preside over: Who will preside over the meeting?
95) Related to: How are you related to Mr. Sethi?
65) Rule over: Akbar ruled over a vast empire.
96) Similar to: Her voice is similar to yours.
TO
97) Submit to: We must submit to the will of God.
66) Add to: Add this to that.
98) Subordinate to: Teachers are subordinate to the
67) Amount to: Hs expenses amount to five hundred Principal.
rupees.
99) Subscribe to: Did you subscribe nothing to the Poor
68) Belong to: This house belongs to my uncle. Fund?
69) Commit to: Commit these lines to memory. 100) Succeed to: The young prince succeeded to the throne
of his father.
70) Consent to: He will not consent to your proposal.
101) Surrender to: The proud general would not surren de r
71) Contrary to: You are acting contrary to my to the enemy.
instructions.
102) True to: He is true to his word.
72) Courteous to: He is courteous to all.
103) Used to: I am not used to cycling.
73) Dear to: He is very dear to me.
WITH
74) Exception to: This is an exception to the rule.
104) Busy with: The student is busy with his lessons.
75) Faithful to: A dog is very faithful to its master.
105) Comply with: I cannot comply with his request.
76) Heir to: He is the sole heir to his father’s property.
106) Displeased with: He is displeased with you.
77) Injurious to: Drinking is injurious to health.
107) Familiar with: I am not familiar with this language.
78) Introduce to: He introduced me to the headmaster.
108) Ill with: He is ill with fever.
79) Invite to: He was not invited to the feast.
80) Lead to: Where does this road lead to?
109) Intimate with: Are you very intimate with the 110) Popular with: our English Teacher is very popular with
Principal? the students.
PREPOSITIONS CLASSROOM EXERCISE
2. She did not agree__________ my proposal.

3. He acted _________ my advice.
13. He died ___ fever.
16. The teacher was displeased ___ me.
17. Sita was born ___ rich parents.
24. He is ill ____ fever.
32. He quarreled ____ me ____ this point.
34. I am satisfied ______ your statement.
35. Harish warned me ____ the danger.
37. The accused was charged ____ murder.
40. He prevented me _____ going there.
41. He was rewarded _____ a medal.
42. She was very anxious ______ her son’s health.
47. He is now free ____ cares.
51. He did not reply _____ my letter.
53. She had her revenge ____ her enemies.
54. He parted ____ all his property.
55. We were surprised _____ her success.
56. He parted ____ his friends.
58. He fought _______ his enemies.
63. Harry borrowed money ______ me.
65. He has applied _____ leave.
61. Bali depends _____ your help.
66. She is suffering _____ fever.
69. Rama is married ___ Kamala.
PREPOSITION HOMEWORK EXERCISE
4. This watch is (A) / superior and more expensive (B) / than that. (C) / no error (D)
9. Rana Pratap was (A) / blind with (B) / one eye. (C) / no error. (D)
10. The doctor attended (A) / to (B) / the patient very quietly. (C) / no error (D)
11. I was shocked to hear (A) / that his father (B) / died of an accident. (C) / no error (D)
13. I shall put on (A) / a note in this regard (B) / for your consideration and necessary decision. (C) / no error.
14. None could dare (A) / to encroach (B) / on his rights. (C) / no error. (D)
22. A man who always connives (A) / on the faults of his children ( B) / is their worst enemy. (C) / no error. 25.Because of his
innocence (A) / he cannot distinguish (B) / a cheat for an honest person. (C) / no error. 27. As the meeting was (A) / a b o u t to
end (B) / he insisted to ask several questions. (C) / no error. ( D)
36. Please put away (A) / the candle before (B) / you leave. (C) / no error. (D)
38. Most of the Uttar Pradesh is (A) / an extremely fertile plain between (B) / which the river Ganga flows./ no error. (D)
40. In the urban society the social circle is limited (A) / with the family but in the village (B) / it encompasses the e n ti re vi l l a ge .
(C) / no error. (D)
8. That Brutus, who was his trusted friend (A) / had attacked on him (B) / caused heart break to Julius Caesar. (C) / no error ( D)
23. I do not understand (A) / why (B) / he is so angry at me. (C) / no error. (D) 29. The captain and his wife (A) / we re i n vi te d
for the cultural function (B) / at my home. (C) / no error. (D)
GRAMMATICAL ERRORS 16
Directions (Q. 1-25): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it.
The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The letter of that part is the answer. If there is no error; the
answer is (e). (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
1) Before he started out (A)/ he had collected all the (B)/ informations about the country (C)/ he was going to visit. (D)/
No error (E)
2) The assurance that (A)/ he will cured from the disease (B)/ pleased him (C)/ him very much.(D)/ No error (E)
3) Her ability to (A)/ talk to strangers (B)/ is one of her (C)/ stronger points. (D)/ No error (E)
4) My brother-in-law (A)/ along with his daughter (B)/ were present (C)/ at the function. (D) No error (E)
5) After you will return (A)/ from America (B)/ I will come and see you. (D) No error (E)
6) The child picked up (A)/ a burned paper (B)/ from the debris (C)/ left behind by the inferno. (D)/ No error (E)
7) When she (A)/ is finishes her studies, (B)/ she wants (C)/ to become a journalist. (D)/ No error (E)
8) There were two childhood buddies (A)/ who went through school and college (B)/ and would even (C)/ join the army to g eth er. No
error (E)
9) When a person refuses to forgive, (A)/ he is locking doors (B)/ that some day (C)/ he might be needing to open. (D)/
No error (E)
10) If you have someone (A)/ with all the ability but (B)/ if he is not dependable (C)/ do you want him as a part of your tea m? (D)/ No
error (E)
11) While it is not worth (A)/ to have been holding grudges,(B)/ it doesn’t make sense (C)/ to be bitten time and again. (D)/ No e rro r
(E)
12) One can be truthful (A)/ without having been cruel but (B)/ that may not always (C)/ be the case. (D) No error (E)
13) Excellent cannot be achieved through luck; (A)/ it is the result (B)/ of a lot of (C)/ hard work and practice. (D)/ No er ror (E)
14) It is not uncommon (A)/ in seeing the prey (B)/ outsmarting the predator, (C)/ because one is running for its food a n d th e o the r
for its life. (D)/ No error (E)
15) The first lesson I got (A)/ in my military days was that (B)/ one should love his country better than (C)/ anything else. (D)/ No error
(E)
16) Hardly I have finished reading (A)/ when my sister (B)/ snatched the book (C) from me. (D)/ No error (E)
17) I went to the Principal (A)/ because I wanted (B)/ to know as to why (C)/ I was detained. (D)/ No error (E)
18) I have been living here (A)/ since four years (B)/ but no one has (C)/ noticed my presence so far. (D)/ No error (E)
19) No sooner did the train start (A)/ when there was (B)/ a great rush (C)/ into my compartment (D)/ No error (E)
20) Do you object to me (A)/ sitting in this room (B)/ and reading a book (C)/ for a short while? (D) / No error (E)
21) Hardly had (A)/ I left the school (B)/ than it began (C)/ to rain. (D)/ No error (E)
22) My sister (A)/ only drew (B)/ on one side (C)/ of the paper. (D)/ No error (E)
23) Motivating employees with (A)/ traditional authority and financial (B)/ incentive have become (C)/ increasingly difficult.
(D)/ No error (E)
24) I had worked (A)/ in this (B)/ school for (C)/ 25 years. (D)/ No error (E)
25) The man who (A)/ I have often met (B)/ is one whose property has been (C)/ acquired by the government (D)/ No error (E)
1 C 2 B 3 D 4 C 5 A
6 B 7 B 8 C 9 D 10 C
11 B 12 B 13 A 14 B 15 C
16 A 17 C 18 B 19 B 20 A
21 C 22 B 23 C 24 A 25 A
HOMEWORK EXERCISE
6. When he will come (a)/ I will (b)/ make sure(c)/ I meet him.(d)/ No error(e)
7.The traveller being weary(a)/ he(b)/ sat by(c)/ wood side to rest.(d)/ No error(e)
8. He did not (a)/ and could not have (b)/ understood(c)/ the full facts of the case (d)/. No error (e)
9.Neither(a)/ Rohit nor (b)/ Kabir have done his(c)/ le sson.(d)/ No error(e)
10. I am opposed(a)/ to the plan of action not because(b)/ it is ill conceived but that(c)/ it seems impractical(d)/. No error (e )
11.He as well as you (a)/ is tired of (b)/ this long(c)/ and troublesome affair(d)/. No error(e)
12. Along the (a)/ northern frontier of India(b)/ is seen(c)/ the Himalayas mighty in their splendor(d)/. No error(e)
13. The recommendations of the committee(a)/ that the age should be lowered down(b)/immediately(c)/ was not a c ce pte d( d )/ . No
error(e)
14. Each of the students whom(a)/ I have chosen to take part(b)/ in the discussion have(c)/ indicated that he will b e h a pp y to d o
so(d)/. No error(e)
15. Our country need (a)/ a number of(b)/ self sacrificing(c)/ and devoted political leaders(d)/. No e rror(e)
16. We erect(a)/ monuments in the memory (b)/of the great lest their achievements(c) / mig h t b e fo rg e tten (d ) /. No e rro r ( e ) .
17. He used rather harsh words(a)/ in denouncing(b)/ her but he must have had(c)/ some very stro n g re a so ns to d o s o ( d ) /. No
error(e)
18. Since he has not(a)/ yet attained the age of eighteen(b)/, he had no righ(c)/ to vote in the presen t e l ecti o n( d )/ . No e rro r( e )
19. I am disappointed(a)/ in not having saw(b)/ any place while(c)/ I was in Delhi on vacation(d)/. No error(e)
20. What India needs today(a)/ are more scientists(b)/ technicians(c)/ and planners(d)/. No error(e)
21. No sooner did(a)/ the thief saw the (b)/policeman than(c)/ he ran away(d)/. No error(e)
22. Neither the size(a)/ nor the colour(b)/ of the gloves(c)/ were right(d)/. No error(e)
23. If it was possible(a)/ to get near(b)/ where one of these eruptions took place(c)/, we could have a grand sight(d)/. No e rro r( e )
24. Most of us are not aware(a)/ that(a)/ eating some varities(c )/ of mushrooms result(d)/ in death(e)/No error(f)
25. After(a)/ Nepoleon had lost(b)/ the battle of Waterloo in 1815, he had been (c)/exiled to(d)/ the I s la nd o f S t. He l e na (e) / No
error(f)
1. He, you and I (a) / will manage (b) / this problem together (c) / No error (d)
2. Last summer he went (a) / to his grand parent’s village, (b) / and enjoyed very much. (c) / No error
3. If I were him, (a) / I would have taught (b) / those cheats a lesson (c) / No error (d)
4. As soon as he (a) / saw his mother (b) / he ran to her (c) / and embraced (d) / No error (e)
5. Being a (a) / rainy day I (b) / remained indoors. (c) / No error (d)
Answers
6(a) Use ‘comes’ for ‘will come’

7(b) Drop ‘he’
8(a) Add ‘understand’ after ‘did not’
74 | GYANM SCO 13-15, 2 N D FLOOR, SECTOR 34 -A, CHANDIGARH, PH: 0172 -4052124
9(c) Use ‘has’
10(c) Use ‘but because’
11(e) No error
12(c) Use ‘are seen’
13(d) Use ‘were not’
14(c) Use ‘has’,
15(a) Use ‘needs’
16(d) Use ‘should be’
17(d) Use ‘for doing so’
18(c) Use ‘ he has’
19(b) Use ‘in not having seen’
20(b) Use ‘is’, 21(b) Use ‘see’
22(d) Use ‘was’, 23(a) Use ‘if it were possible’
24(d) Use ‘results’
25(c) Use ‘was exiled’
1. a The correct form is ‘You, he and I’
2. c. Add ‘himself’ after ‘enjoyed’
3. a. Replace ‘him’ by ‘he’
4. d. Add ‘her’ after ‘embraced’
5 a. Add ‘It’ before ‘being’
Directions (Q. 26-50): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it.
The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The letter of that part is the answer. If there is no error; the
answer is (e). (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
26) Page after page (A)/ of Quran were read (B)/ and it gave great consolation (C)/ to his mind. (D)/ No error (E)
27) One day, a baker (A)/ decided weighing the (B)/ butter to see if he was getting a pound (C)/ and found that he was no t. ( D) / No
error (E)
28) There is more gratification (A)/ for being a caring (B)/ person than in just (C)/ being a nice person. (D)/ No error (E)
29) Relationship are built (A)/ in kindness, understanding and self sacrifice (B)/ not on jealousy, selfishness, puffed up e g o s ( C) / a nd
rude behavior. (D)/ No error (E)
30) He resolved being tender with the young, (A)/ compassionate with the aged, (B)/ s ympathetic to the striving (C)/ and to l era nt o f
the weak. (D)/ No error (E)
31) Companies spend (A)/ close to a million dollars (B)/ for a 30 second advertisement (C)/ between a major event. (D)/ No er ror (E)
32) People who do not want (A)/ to adhere to any moral standards (B)/ keep changing the definition of morality (C)/ on saying nothing
is right or wrong, only your thinking makes it so. (D)/ No error (E)
33) Unless you build (A)/ your self-esteem (B)/ you cannot achieve (C)/ the success in your life (D)/ No error (E)
34) Not all medicine (A)/ is sweet (B)/ not all surgery is painless (C)/ but we have to be taking it. (D)/ No error (E)
35) There is a misconception (A)/ that freedom means (B)/ to be doing (C)/ your own thing. (D)/ No error (E)
36) Shakespeare was (A)/ better than any poet (B)/ of his days (C)/ according to critics. (D)/ No error (E)
37) I ordered for a cup of tea (A)/ but the bearer (B)/ brought it only (C)/ at the end of the tea-session. (D)/ No error (E)
38) Lack of honesty (A)/ is sometimes labeled as tact, (B)/ public relations (C)/ or politics. (D)/ No error (E)
39) In the aftermath of 11 th of September, (A)/ the American President’s speech was (B)/ broadcasted and televised (C)/ a l l o ver th e
world. (D)/ No error (E)
40) Acceptance of responsibility (A)/ is a reflection (B)/ of our attitude (C)/ and the environment we operate in. (D)/ No error (E)
41) The wards of the hostel are (A)/ allowed to do (B)/ anything except to go out (C)/ on their own at night. (D)/ No error ( E)
42) The best way to explore Egypt (A)/ is to take a trip down Nile, (B)/ the river that runs like (C)/ a thread throughout Egypti an
history. (D)/ No error (E)
43) The hawkers have been carrying (A)/ out their business on the main (B)/ pavement since three years ( C) / b u t n o o n e h as e ver
objected. (D)/ No error (E)
44) Hardly I have finished (A)/ writing when my brother (B)/ snatched the foundation (C)/ pen from my hand. (D)/ No error
45) India which makes up (A)/ sixteen percent of the global population, (B)/ carries twenty percent (C)/ of their disease bu rd e n. ( D) /
No error
46. Another baffling change (a)/ that I notice in him now -a-days (b)/ is that he avoids to speak to me.(c)/ No error(d)
47. He lay the watch on the table (a)/ and then forgot all about it(b)/ when he went out.(c)/ No error(d)
48. While it is apparent (a)/ that biotechnology offers significant benefits (b)/ adequate attention has not been focused to th i s vi ta l
area.(c)/No error(d)
49. There is a need (a)/ to revising Government policies (b)/ on controlling unauthorized constructions.(c)/ No error(d)
50. If you had seen (a)/ yesterday’s cricket I am sure (b)/ would have enjoyed seeing our team bat.(c)/ No error(d)
ANSWER KEY
26 B 27 B 28 B 29 B 30 A
31 D 32 D 33 D 34 D 35 C
36 B 37 A 38 B 39 C 40 D
41 C 42 B 43 C 44 A 45 D
46 C 47 A 48 C 49 B 50 E
HOMEWORK EXERCISE
16. The number of vehicles (a) / plying on this road (b) / is more than on the main road. (c) / No error (d)
7. Being a begger, (a) / I admitted him (b) / to an old people’s home. (c) / No error (d)
8. This is the girl (a) / whom I think had won (b) / the gold medal in the Dance competition. (c) / No error (d)
9. Wherever they go, (a) / Indians easily adapt to(b)/local circumstances.(c)/No error (d )
10. Reema is (a) / taller (b) / than me. (c) / No error (d)
11.Inspite of the doctor’s stern warning, (a) / he continued taking (b) / sugar in his coffee. (c) / No error (d)
12. Had I come (a) / to know about (b) / his difficulties (c) / I would have certainly helped. (d) / No error (e)
13. One of them (a) / forget to take their bag (b) / from the school. (c) / No error (d)
14. Mr. Sunil Pawar, our representative, (a) / he will attend the meeting (b) / on our behalf. (c) / No error (d)
15.Being a destitute, (a) / I admitted him (b) / to an old peoples home. (c) / No error (d)
6.If the teacher is good (a) / the students (b) / will respond (c) / positively to them. (d) / No error (e)
17. Just before the race (a) / I asked him (b) / whom he thought (c ) / was going to win (d) / No error (e)
18. It is not difficult to believe that a man (a) / who has lived in this city for a long tim e ( b ) / h e wi l l n e ver fe e l a t h o me
anywhere else in the world. (c) No error (d)
19. Each girl was (a) / given a bunch of flowers, (b) / which pleased her very much. (c) / No error (d)
20. The party chief made it a point to state that (a) / the Prime Minister and the Union Home Minister should also come ( b ) /
and they see what his party men had seen. (c) / No error (d)
21. I going there (a) / will not solve (b) / this complicated problem. (c) / No error (d)
22. As it was Rajani’s (a) / first interview he dressed him (b) / in his most (c) / formal suit. (d) / No error (e)
23. Whatever work (a) / that which you undertake (b) / put your best efforts (c) / in it. (d) / No error (e)
24. The district superintendent of police has announced that those who are found guilty of breach of peace (a) / or of ta ki n g
the law into their own hands (b) / they will be taken to task. (c) / No error (d)
25. Myself and Ramu (a) / will take care of (b) / the function on Monday. (c) / No error (d)
26. Mahatma Gandhi taught us (a) / that one should respect (b) / the religions of others (c) / as much a s h i s o wn ( d ) / No
error (e)
27. Was it him (a) / who got injured (b) / in an accident this morning (c) / No error (d)
28. I suppose (a) / you have heard the latest news (b) / John has married that girl (c) / No error (d)
29. Due to me being a newcomer (a) / I was unable to get a house (b) / suitable fo r m y wi fe a n d m e ( c ) / No e rro r ( d )
30. He could not plan his strategy (a) / until he knew (b) / whom his opponents could be. (c) / No error (d)
17. 6. Correct Option :c. Add ‘that’ after ‘than’
18.
7. Correct Option :a. Add ‘He’ before ‘being’
19.
8. Correct Option : b. Replace ‘whom’ by ‘who’
20.
9. Correct Option : b. Add ‘themselves’ after ‘adapt’.
21. 10. Correct Option : c. Replace ‘me’ by ‘I’
22. 11.Correct Option : c. Remove ‘his’
23. 12.Correct Option :d. Add ‘him’ after ‘helped’
24. 13. Correct Option : b. Replace ‘their’ by ‘his’
25. 14. Correct Option : b. Remove ‘he’
26. 15Correct Option : a. Add ‘He’ before ‘being’
27. 16.Correct Option : D. Replace ‘them’ by ‘him’.
28. 17. Correct Option : c. Replace ‘whom’ by ‘who’
29. 18. Correct Option : c. Remove ‘he’
30. 19. Correct Option :c. Replace ‘her’ by ‘them’
31. 20. Correct Option : c. Remove ‘they’
32. 21. Correct Option :a. Replace ‘I’ by ‘My’
33. 22. Correct Option : b. Replace ‘him’ by ‘himself’
34. 23Correct Option : b. Remove ‘that which’
35. 24Correct Option : c. Remove ‘they’
36. 25. Correct Option : a. Replace ‘Myself and Ramu’ by ‘Ramu and I’.
37. 26Correct Option :d. Replace ‘his’ by ‘one’s’
38. 27. Correct Option : a. Replace ‘him’ by ‘he’
39. 28Correct Option : a. Add ‘that’ after ‘suppose’
40. 29. Correct Option :a. Replace ‘me’ by ‘my’
41. 30. Correct Option :c. Replace ‘whom’ by ‘who’
SENTENCE IMPROVEMENT 17
Classroom Exercise-I
Directions: In these questions, which of the phrases; (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below, should replace the phrase g i ven
in bold letters in the following sentence to make the sentence grammatically meaningful and correct. If the sentence i s
correct as it and no correction is required, mark (e) as the answer:
1) As they approaching the house, the colonel’s wife calls him for tea.
a) as they approaching the house
b) as they will be approaching the house
c) as they approach the house
d) as they approach to the house
2) Centuries of servility has been making him tame and passive, incapable of any resentment or revolt.
a) has been making him
b) have made him
c) has made him
d) has been made him
3) A writer always is having his own vision of life.

a) always is having
b) every time is having
c) always has
d) every time will have
4) He ate nothing and leaves his cottage to go to work.

a) He is eating nothing
b) He eats nothing
c) He is eating something
d) He eats anything
5) How do you cope in with defeat and problems?

a) How do you cope with
b) How do you be coping with
c) How will be coping with
d) How to cope with
6) I suppose everyone has one particular childhood Christmas who stands out more than any other.
a) who stands out
b) who will stands out
c) that stands out
d) that may stand out
7) The sun was just setting over the distant horizon when I heard the roar of an unexpected motor in the driveway.
a) was to just set
b) was to be setting
c) was just setting
d) just set
8) My son crept into my lap and we hugged and had talked for a while
a) and have talked
b) and talked
c) and had many talk
d) and we talked
9) Catherine was a young mother with three small children when her husband had became the warden.
a) was became
b) had became
c) was become
d) became
10) After I grew up and went into business, I always have had a soft spot for kids without bikes.
a) always have had
b) always had had
c) always had
d) have always had
11) The pharmacist handed me my prescription, apologized for the delay and has explained that his register had been closed.
a) explained that
b) has explained that
c) had explained that
d) was explaining that
12) I have much memories about my father and about growing up with him in our apartment which is next to the elevated train tracks.
a) much memories
b) all memories
c) many memories
d) more memories
13) Heart broken and ignored, she grind her way through each of her numbers to the best of her ability.
a) she grind her way
b) she ground her way
c) she had ground her way
d) she had grind her way
14) Gayatri informed one of the directors that she has ssent the material for printing.
a) shall be sending
b) sends
c) had sent
d) had been sending
15) Not knowing the language and having no acquaintances in the city, he found it hard getting work.
a) hard to getting to work
b) hard in getting work.
c) hard to get work.
d) hardly to get to work.
16. Bindu is strongly desiring to buy a car, so that she can travel fast and reach the office in time.
a) strongly desires
b) is desiring strongly
c) desired strongly
d) was strongly desiring
17. He informed me that he will visit my house in a my or two.

a) he would visit my house in a day or two
b) he visits my house in a day or two
c) he could visit my house in the coming two days
d) he couldn’t visit my house in a day or two
18. The man spent a lot because he had so large amount of money.
a) he had a large lot of money
b) he had a large number of money
c) he had a large amount of rupees
d) he had a large amount of money
19. He believed that one of his companions is a cheat.

a) that each of his companions was a cheat
b) that each one of his companions a cheat
c) that one of his companions are a cheat
d) that one of his companions was a cheat
20. When problems seem insurmountable, quit seems to be the easiest way out.
a) to quit seems to be
b) quiet seems to be
c) quitting seems to be
d) quitting is to be
21. Looking back, I can rarely remember the names of the children who shared my birthday.
a) can rarely remember
b) can lately remember
c) can shortly remember
d) can scarcely remember
22. With only two weeks before the party, the last place I would wanted to be was in the hospital recovering from surgery.
a) would wanted to be
b) wanted to be
c) would want myself to be
d) wanted me to be
23. We had been almost halfway there when the left rear tyre blew out.
a) had been almost
b) were almost
c) were going to be almost
d) were reaching
24. Being a recently divorced man with full custody of children, I was determined to give than a n o rm al a nd s tab l e a h o me l i fe a s
possible.
a) a normal and stable a home life
b) a normal as well as stable a home life
c) as normal and stable a home life
d) a home life which is normal and stable
25. I felt as though I were at the bottom of a great sea of longlines.

a) as though I were
b) as if even I were
c) as if even I was
d) as though I am
Homework Exercise-I
26. He was daydreaming when he reached the house and noticed someone cling to the outside of the fence.
a) someone cling to the outside
b) anyone cling to the outside
c) anyone clinging on the outside
d) someone clinging to the outside
27. Vithal is the most meticulous man that I meet.

a) that I meet
b) that I had met
c) that I had ever met
d) that I have ever met
28. Hardly did Vina scold her daughter, when she started crying.
a) Vina scolded her daughter hard
b) Hardly had Vina scolded her daughter
c) Hardly does Vina scold her daughter
d) Vina has scolded her daughter hardly
29. Sosin suggested that not to talk about her selection in I.A.S till the received the orders.
a) not to be talking
b) that we should not talk
c) that we would not talk
d) that she will not talk
30. He looked as though he hasn’t had a decent meal for a week.

a) hadn’t had
b) didn’t have
c) wouldn’t have
d) shouldn’t have
31. I do not know whether tomorrow is a holiday for the college.

a) whether tomorrow is a holiday for college
b) whether tomorrow be a holiday for the college
c) whether tomorrow will be a holiday to the college
d) whether tomorrow will be a holiday of the college
32. Scarcely did I step on the bridge then it broke.

a) then it was breaking
b) than it broke
c) when it broke
d) when it has broken
33. Neither the chairman nor the members of the committee had attended the meeting.
a) have attended the meeting
b) has attend the meeting
c) will have attended the meeting
34. The master tested the new boy to see if he can read English.
a) if he could reach English
b) to see if he will read English
c) to see if he could read English
d) to see if he can read English
35. I shall wait here until the bus has arrived.

a) until the bus may arrive
b) until the bus arrives
c) until the bus will arrive
d) until the bus has arrived
36. As women assert their identity and enter his bastions of power, the traditional Indian male is reaction in violence.
a) reacts in violence
b) is reacting with violence
c) reacted with violence
d) is violently reacting
37. Massive unemployment is one of the most grievous consequence of an excessively rapid population growth.
a) one of the more grievous consequences
b) one of the most grievous consequences
c) one of grievous consequences
d) one of the grievous consequences
38. Either my sister or I is held responsible for the damaged car.
a) myself is held
b) I are held
c) me is held
d) I am held
39. Though he got a job in a renowned software company,, he soon realized that he was not cut in for that kind of work.
a) cut up for
b) cut out for
c) cut off to
d) cut up to
40. I would rather work twelve hours a day in the office than sitting and watching the idiot box at home.
a) that to sit and watch
b) instead of sitting and watching
c) than to sitting and watching
d) than sit and watch
41. Under law, Indians cannot be test subjects for a drug that have been developed in a foreign country.
a) that have been developed
b) that has been developed
c) that were developed
d) that has been developing
42. With regard to banking in india, branch expansion is skewed towards states that have a track record of growth.
a) expansion is skewed towards states
b) expansion is skewed within states
c) expansion is being skewed among states
d) expansion had to be skewed amongst states
43. The US (United States of America), regardless of being a melting pot of cultures, is not the leader of cultural competency.
a) regardless of being
b) supposedly being
c) despite being
d) on account of being
44. With its stunning landscapes and outdoor activity the coastal town offers a variety of options for the avid traveler.
a) With its stunningly
b) Despite it’s stunning
c) With it’s stunning
d) With its stunning
45. The government is concerned with the small level is digits literacy prevalent in India.
a) small levels of
b) low levels of
c) tiniest levels of
d) reduced levels of
45) By definition, make a map is ‘to select certain features as relevant and ignore others’.
a) To make a map by definition is, b) In making a map, the definition is,
c) Map making is defined as, d) No improvement
46) We demonstrated to them how we were prepared the artistic patterns.

a) are prepared b) have prepared
c) had prepared d) No improvement
47) Asking me why was I absent, I was punished by the Headmaster.

a) why was I absent, was I punished by the Headmaster.
b) why I was absent, was I punished by the Headmaster.
c) why I was absent, the Headmaster punished me.
d) No improvement
48) Do you remember to meet her at my house last year?

a) remember of meeting her b) remember about meeting her
c) remember having met her d) No improvement
49) If you had attended the meeting, you would have benefitted a great deal.
a) would benefit b) could benefit
c) benefited d) No improvement
50) He does not like me coming so late.

a) my coming so late b) I coming so late
c) me come so late d) No improvement
1 B 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 C
6 B 7 A 8 A 9 C 10 A
11 D 12 B 13 B 14 B 15 B
16 C 17 D 18 B 19 C 20 A
21 C 22 D 23 B 24 C 25 A
26 D 27 D 28 C 29 B 30 D
31 B 32 B 33 C 34 A 35 C
36 A 37 B 38 D 39 B 40 C
41 B 42 A 43 D 44 D 45 B
46 C 47 C 48 C 49 D 50 A
Classroom Exercise-II
1) I have to cut down my expenses due to my falling income.

a) I have to cut off b) I have to cut out
c) I have to cut above d) No improvement
2) Of the two candidates, I think he is best suited.

a) he is suited best b) he is better suited
c) he is best suited d) No improvement
3) The climate of Delhi is somewhat like Pune.

a) Pune’s b) as Pune’s
c) like that of Pune d) No improvement
4) His brother never has and never will be dependable.

a) never had b) never has been
c) was never being d) No improvement
5) If you would have remembered to bring the map, we would not have lost our way.
a) had remembered b) were remembering
c) remembered d) No improvement
6) You must carry on my order.

a) carry off b) carry out
c) carry of d) No improvement
7) The boat was drowned.

a) was drawn b) was drowned
c) was sunk d) No improvement
8) Now I must beg leave of you.

a) beg your leave b) beg of your leave
c) beg off your leave d) No improvement
9) When describing the accident, he was in tears.

a) In describing b) When he was describing
c) As describing d) No improvement
10) The two thieves distributed the loot between themselves.

a) among themselves b) amongst themselves
c) with themselves d) No improvement
11) The preservation of peace is necessary.

a) maintenance of peace b) establishment of peace
c) persuasion of peace d) No improvement
12) The spirit of democracy had sped into our way of thinking.
a) leaked into b) permeated
c) soaked into d) No improvement
13) The decent from the mountain peak was slow and painful.
a) descent b) decline
c) decrease d) No improvement
14) The building will redecorate during the summer season.

a) will be redecorated b) will be redecorating
c) will be redecorate d) No improvement
15) The news is certainly too good to have been true.
a) to be true b) to become true
c) having been true d) No improvement
16) Why not Jabeen is going for his course?

a) Jabeen is not going b) is Jabeen not going
c) Jabeen does not do d) No improvement
17) If I will get an opportunity, I shall attend the conference without fail.
a) shall get b) get
c) got d) No improvement
18) No sooner he had arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
a) has he arrived b) he has arrived
c) had he arrived d) No improvement
19) To worship idols, has been our custom from times immemorial.
a) since time b) for times
c) for time d) No improvement
20) He quickly ordered the boy to being brought before him.

a) to have brought b) to be brought
c) has been brought d) No improvement
21) He was not so good at doing sums at school as I was.

a) for b) with
c) in d) No improvement
22) The teacher was unhappy to find that the boy had lied rather than telling the truth.
a) rather than tell b) instead of telling
c) rather than told d) No improvement
23) I have seen the movie yesterday.

a) saw b) had seen
c) was seeing d) No improvement
24) One should be particular when he is crossing a busy lane.

a) he should be b) one is
c) he will be d) No improvement
25) We spoke about this yesterday, haven’t we?

a) isn’t it? b) hadn’t we?
c) didn’t we? d) No improvement
Homework Exercise-II
26) The technician and not the three managers are running the company.
a) were running b) is running
c) have been running d) No improvement
27) It was not long for I discovered that the man could neither read nor write.
a) long before b) long since
c) longer than d) No improvement
28) The death toll in the cyclone went to five hundred.

a) increased to b) rose to
c) spread to d) No improvement
29) While walking on the road, a dog bit the man.

a) a dog had bitten the man b) the man was dogged
c) the man was bitten by a dog d) No improvement
30) He promised that he will deliver the goods within a week but he did not keep his promise.
a) must have delivered b) will have delivered
c) would deliver d) No improvement
31) The negotiations faced a predicament with neither side ready to offer any concession to the other.
a) problem b) dilemma
c) situation d) No improvement
32) I got up early so that I could cover most of the distance before noon.
a) would b) may
c) ought d) No improvement
33) The father together with his sons and daughters have gone to see a film.
a) are gone b) has gone
c) is gone d) No improvement
34) The stranger asked the little girl what is her name.
a) what her name is b) what her name was
c) what was her name d) No improvement
35) The family has changed house during the last six months.
a) since the past b) after the past
c) for the last d) No improvement
36) The plants are dying for the lack of water.

a) of the lack of water b) for lack of water
c) out of lack of water d) No improvement
37) The higher you climb a Himalayan peak, the more cold you feel.
a) the colder b) the most cold
c) colder d) No improvement
38) If you are a resident of Agra, you might be knowing all about Ambar.
a) would be knowing b) might know
c) are knowing d) No improvement
39) It is well-acclaimed principle that every person should hold fast to his beliefs.
a) hold fast to others beliefs b) hold fast to their beliefs
c) hold fast to the beliefs d) No improvement
40) This was my business to cross the bridge to explore the bridge head and to find out the extent to w h i ch th e e n e m y h a d
advanced.
a) how much b) the extent where
c) the point where d) No improvement
41) The world is becoming increasingly polarize d between the rich and the poor.
a) among rich b) around the rich
c) in between the rich d) No improvement
42) I laid all the facts before him so that he could make his own judgement.
a) laid all the facts in front of him b) lay all the facts before him
c) lay all the facts in front of him d) No improvement
43) If only she had told me about her problem, I would have helped her.
a) would help b) could help
c) had helped d) No improvement
44) Apollo was worshipped as long as the Roman Empire continued.

a) was continued b) ruled
c) lasted d) No improvement
45) He has been absent since three days.

a) from three days b) during three days
c) for three days d) No improvement
46) The lawyer disposed off the cases immediately..

a) disposed b) disposed in
c) disposed of d) No improvement
47) He could not be able to think logically because of his illness.

a) can not be able b) was not able
c) can be unable d) No improvement
48) Measles is dangerous for adults, too!

a) with b) in
c) to d) No improvement
49) She was the oldest of the two sisters.

a) elder of the two sisters b) oldest between the two sisters
c) older than her sister d) No improvement
50) The boy said that he has read the book.

a) he has already read b) he wants to read
c) he had read d) No improvement
Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A. Q. A.
1 D 2 B 3 C 4 B 5 A
6 B 7 C 8 D 9 B 10 D
11 A 12 B 13 A 14 A 15 A
16 B 17 B 18 C 19 A 20 B
21 D 22 D 23 A 24 B 25 C
26 B 27 A 28 B 29 C 30 C
31 D 32 D 33 B 34 B 35 C
36 B 37 A 38 A 39 D 40 D
41 C 42 D 43 D 44 C 45 C
46 C 47 B 48 D 49 A 50 C
CLOZE TEST 18
The cloze test is a kind of integrative test in which the entire word is rationally or randomly deleted. The word “cloze” was derived from
“closure” indicating that humans are able to fill in what is missing by using their prior knowledge o r th e i r e xp eri en c e. A c l o ze te st
involves a piece of text, from which a number of words have been removed.
Students are then instructed to fill in the blanks for the passage. Teachers are able to use the stude nt’ s a n swe rs to d e te rmi n e th e
reading level of the passage.
Important steps while solving a question of cloze test.
1. First, slowly read all the text without filling any of the gaps. Read it until you have a clear understanding of what the text is about.
2. Only those gaps that you are sure of must be filled first.
3. Analyse the parts of speech that may fit in the gap and pay attention to the grammar of the words around gap.
4. A few gaps may even demand a vocabulary item such as an idiom ( beat around the bush ), a phrasal verb ( hang up the p h on e)
or a collocation( make a choice).
EXERCISE – 1
PASSAGE 1
I want to avoid violence. Non-violence ... (1)... the first article of my faith. It is also the..(2) ... article of my creed. But I h a d to ( 3 ). . .
my choice. I had either to submit ..(4)... a system which I considered ... (5)... done irreparable harm to my country, (6 ) . . . i n c u r th e
risk of the mad fury... (7).... my people bursting forth, when they... (8)... the truth from my l i p s. I . .. . ( 9 ). .. th a t m y p e o pl e h ave
sometimes... (10)... mad. I am deeply sorry for it.
1. a) was b) be c) is d) being
2. a) last b) common c) simple d) unique
3. a) make b) select c) prepare d) do
4. a) over b) in c) against d) to
5. a) is b) was c) had d) has
6. a) nor b) but c) or d) and
7. a) with b) by c) in d) of
8. a) listen b) get c) understood d) understand
9. a) know b) knows c) knew d) known
10. a) going b) gone c) goes d) went
PASSAGE 2
Books give us all the information ... (1)... a man. They show ... (2) ... interest. They are the ... (3) to his mind. Al l th e ri c h es o f th e
world ... (4) ... their importance in the face of books. A man with money and ... (5) ... books is a poor man. Bo o ks h a ve b ec ome so
cheap that a library can ... (6) ...be made. Money spent on good books is never ... (7) ... It is a ... (8) ... to re a d g o od b o oks. Th u s
man gains both ... (9) ... and wisdom. You can... (10) ... your library with the expenditure of only a few hundred rupees.
1. a) for b) from c) about d) of
2. a) his b) their c) that d) personal
3. a) road b) access c) index d) approach
4. a) loose b) fade c) lose d) vanish
5. a) some b) with c) few d) without
6. a) hardly b) easily c) frequently d) scarcely
7. a) wasted b) recovered c) justified d) withdrawn
8. a) blessing b) pleasure c) obsession d) addiction
9. a) skill b) aptitude c) knowledge d) efficiency
10. a) form b) gather c) constitute d) begin
PASSAGE 3
I used to look...(1)....to the holidays. I was usually...(2)....to my uncle’s house where I...(3)...his children. I did not g e t p a id a s al ary
for...(4)... What I received in return however, was far more...(5)... My unc le was an avid reader. During the time I spent with his family
I had an...(6)...to read the vast amount of books and magazines that he possessed. This improved my English to some...(7).... Reading
became my new....(8). ….(9)....spending my pocket money on a ticket to the cinema I began to ....(10)....books. This has benefited me
greatly.
1. a) forward b) towards c) backward d) up e) around
2. a) went b) sent c) visited d) travelled e) gone
3. a) cared b) occupy c) guarded d) taught e) played
4. a) them b) whom c) this d) now e) which
5. a) expensive b) deserving c) helping d) demanding e) valuable
6. a) opportunity b) ability c) use d) encouragement

e) achievement
7. a) distance b) extent c) time d) limits e) degrees
8. a) activity b) hope c) hobby d) duty e) worship
9. a) Despite b) Though c) By d) Instead of e) While
10. a) sell b) read c) exchange d) investe) buy

PASSAGE 4
In the modern times, few Indians only put for a lifetime. They move from town to city and from city to suburb . Th e y c o mpl ete h i gh
school from a different state and (1) college in a different one. They hope from a job in a particular region to a better job e l s ewhere .
With each move, they make new friends, who become part of their (2) lives at that time. For many of them, the summer i s a s p ec i al
(3) for new friendships. Today millions of Indians holiday abroad, and they go not only with an intent to see new (4) but (5 ) wi th th e
(6) of meeting new people. No one really expects a casual (7) to produce a close friend. But (8) the beginning of a (9) a s so ci ati o n i s
(10).
1. a) like b) go c) move d) study e) attend
2. a) usual b) daily c) common d) main e) society
3. a) month b) seasonal c) era d) time e) week
4. a) sightsb) area c) place d) flower e) palaces
5. a) again b) aim c) also d) addition e) besides
6. a) hope b) ideal c) expect d) visions e) ideas
7. a) leave b) trip c) experience d) space e) holiday
8. a) acceptably b) evidence c) surely d) immediately e) lastly
9. a) lifelong b) imaginative c) closely d) friendship e) tourist
10. a) accept b) thought c) planned d) plausibly e) possible
PASSAGE 5
A professor was (1) the Indian Independence Movement and the idea of non-violence (2) by Mahatma Gandhi. “Althoug h o th ers l i ke
Nelson Mandela follow this idea and (3) the Nobel Prize for Peace Mahatma Gandhi did not.” she said. One s tud en t s p oke u p , “i t i s
good that he didn’t (4) it was an award started by Alfred Nobel who invented dynamite, which causes (5)!”
The professor (6) “in fact the world should be (7) to Nobel because he invented dynamite. It was very useful to build tun n el s
(8) mountains for trains to pass. If we choose to use it for war it is not his fault. Furthermore he (9) all his wealth into instituting prizes
for literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, peace, etc. His (10) was that anything which woul d b e n efi t th e h u man ra c e d e ser ve d
recognition so that the person who had started it would have no financial difficulties in achieving his goal!”
1. a) lecturing b) talking c) discussing d) speaking e) arguing
2. a) originate b) specialised c) start d) conceived e) thought
3. a) awarded b) given c) presented d) win e) received
4. a) that b) get c) accept d) though e) since
5. a) blast b) ruins c) destruction d) bombs e) damages
6. a) disagreed b) answers c) shouted d) upset e) agreed
7. a) dedicated b) grateful c) appreciated d) thanking e) cursing
8. a) from b) through c) over d) under e) within
9. a) put b) left c) gave d) donated

e) contributed
10. a) decision b) logic c) cause d) excuse e) discovery
PASSAGE 6
Some people believe that marriages are made in heaven. One cannot say ...(1)... this is true or not. However, in America now many .. .
(2) ... who get married seek to evolve a fool proof ... (3)... to ensure that the marriage survives. However, the idea of married person s
... (4)... the burden of domestic chores, instead of all the dirty work being dumped on the woman has (5) ... been propagated b y th e
feminist ... (6)... and it has gradually, if grudgingly, been ... (7) ... This arrangement may work on a te mpo rary b a s i s b u t ta ki ng . . .
(8)... of a particular domestic work on a permanent basis will pose problems of its own. For instance, taking out th e ru b b i sh m ay . . .
(9)... make a refreshing change from washing baby's nappies. However, a contract is a contract and must be ... (10) ... Yo u m a y n o t
like it but this is what life is coming out to be in the most modern of the countries in the world.
1. a) whether b) still c) however d) that
2. a) pairs b) men c) couples d) women
3. a) method b) project c) couples d) system
4. a) executing b) dividing c) undertaking d) sharing
5. a) long b) sometimes c) always d) occasionally
6. a) group b) lobby c) section d) faction
7. a) affirmed b) approved c) accepted d) favoured
8. a) control b) care c) charge d) duty
9. a) occasionally b) often c) intermittently d) rarely
10. a) respected b) executed c) maintained d) obeyed
PASSAGE 7
A decade ago, a financial crisis (1) Bangkok. During the next fifteen months it swept (2) Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong and Seoul.
As Asian countries borrowed and spent beyond their means . (3) of thousands lost their jobs. (4) half-built buildings throu g ho u t As ia n
cities (5) as reminders of the shattered hopes not only of distinguished entrepreneurs but also (6) workers. Asia has come a l o n g wa y
during way during the past ten years – vast economic imbalances no longer (7). However, market cra s he s a re ( 8 ) e ve n to d a y a nd
Asia’s best insurance policy to (9) with any future crises is to build (10) financial systems.
1. a) occurred b) hit c) striking d) fuelled e) suffered
2. a) in b) upward c) forward d) from e) through
3. a) Tens b) Few c) Approximate d) Several e) Lives
4. a) dense b) haunted c) abandoned d) buried e) vacate
5. a) seen b) pointed c) showed d) stood e) forgotten
6. a) undeserving b) incompetent c) greedy d) cheap e) ordinary
7. a) seen b) valid c) exist d) present e) there
8. a) undertaken b) possible c) threat d) reality e) capable
9. a) cope b) combat c) justify d) avert

e) accommodate
10. a) perfectly b) popular c) formidably d) resilient e) foreign

PASSAGE 8
Recently the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) (1) separate reports on poverty. The World Bank report (2) its
benchmark of extreme poverty by 25 cents from $ per person day to $1.25 per person a day. The ADB announced an even (3)
benchmark of $ 1.35 per person a day. These new be nchmarks are (4) on surveys in the world’s poorest countries.
Experts often like to (5) that poverty has declined because of economic growth in India and Chin. This is wro n g a n d ( 6 ). I n
the past twenty- five years the poverty rate in India has (7) by less than one percentage point a year (8) we use a poverty li n e o f $ 1
per person per day or $ 1.25 per person per day makes little (9) . The number of poor in India is large. The purpose of thes e statics is
not to dispute them but to (10) whether the benefits of economic growth are being shared with the poor.
1. a) declared b) released c) print d) issue e) publish
2. a) heightened b) announced c) raisedd) maintained e) notified
3. a) better b) significant c)plausible d) higher e) lower
4. a) based b) collected c) inferred d) derived e) gathered
5. a) realize b) claim c)discover d) recommend e) criticise
6. a) adverse b) opposing c) corrupt d) rejected e) misleading
7. a) deplete b) plunge c)declined d) weaken e) fell
8. a) Unless b) Despite c)Instead d) Whether e) Regardless
9. a) difference b)effect c) contrast d) question e) option
10. a) acknowledge b) suggest c) care d) inspire e)study
PASSAGE 9
Mass migration has produced a huge word wide economy of its own which has (1) so fast during the past few years th a t th e fi g u re s
have (2) experts. Last year remittances sent home by migrants were expected to (3) $ 232 billion according to the World Ba n k wh i ch
(4) these figures. (5) though the flow of remittances is to alleviate the plight of the migrant’s family it c a n n ot o n i ts o wn l i ft e n ti re
nations out of poverty. Those who study the (6) of remittances argue that the money allows poor countries to put o ff basic decisions of
economic management like (7) their tax collection systems and building schools. Remittances to poor countries can a l so ( 8 ) th e fa ct
that they do not produce much at home. The challenge is now to find programmes that (9) the benefits o f remitte d c a sh wh i l e ( 1 0)
some of it downside.
1. a) accelerated b) grew c) expand d) increase e) escalating
2. a) strike b) encouraged c) astonished d) convinced e) disturb
3. a) rise b) represent c) project d) exceed e) recover
4. a) record b) tracks c) estimate d) reporte) surveys
5. a) But b) Since c) Even d) As e) Such
6. a) circumstance b) profit c) impact d) statuse) quality
7. a) declaring b) established c) measuring d) reforming e) govern
8. a) mask b) hid c) review d) display e) supported
9. a) launch b) predict c) optimum d) appreciate e) maximize
10. a) augmenting b) avoiding c) suspend d) protects e) detracting
PASSAGE 10
The warning against carbon emissions, which is (1) the Earth, just got more urgent. The UN Hu m a n De ve l op men t Re p o rt s ai d o n
Tuesday that (2) the global community agreed to (3) emissions by half by 2050, the world would face huge e c on o mic s etb ac ks a n d
also ecological (4). “We are on the (5) of seeing human development (6) for the first time in 30 years,” Kevin Watkins, th e a u tho r o f
the report was (7) as saying. The report said the poor nations would be hit the (8) as they are the l e a st ( 9 ) to fa c e n a tu re ’ s ( 1 0 ),
manifest in devastating storms and droughts.
1. a) depriving b) entangling c) warming d) blackening e) harassing
2. a) if b) because c) notwithstanding d) without e) unless
3. a) cut b) aggravate c) enhance d) diminish e) eradicate
4. a) balances b) atmosphere c) concerns d) catastrophes e) anxieties
5. a) step b) verge c) top d) extreme

e) enshrinement
6. a) shaping b) nurturing c) extent d) reverse

e) annihilation
7. a) quoted b) observed c) found d) interrogated e) defined
8. a) best b) largest c) hardest d) least e) strongest
9. a) worried b) engaged c) wilful d) struggled e) equipped
10. a) boon b) fury c) blessing d) deadline

e) encroachment
REARRANGEMENT OF SENTENCES 20
Rearrangement of sentences or Parajumbles have some sentences either numbered (1,2,3 and so on) or lettered (a, b , c a n d s o o n )
given in a jumbled form. The sentences are followed by choices of possible combinations of arrangements o f th e se s e nte nc es . Yo u
have to choose the most logical order of arrangement of these sentences to form a meaningful, coherent paragraph.
Important steps while solving a question of rearrangement
1. You need to understand the idea behind the paragraph. If you can understand the idea/theme of the paragraph it is easy to put th e
sentences in order then.
2. You should look out for the starting or the concluding sentences in the question.
3. You need to know the relationships between different sentences to put them in the right sequence.
4. Transition words and contrasting words also help in finding clean relationships between sentences of the sentence rearrangement.
5. The whole paragraph should have a coherent idea and flow when arranged in the correct order.
1-5)
A) As a result the non-stop tensions and anxieties at work often result in health-related problems.
B) The truth is we cannot change the world of work.
C) We spend at least half our waking hours at work.
D) We have therefore to take charge and transform the way in which we respond to our work environment.
E) So how can we control these problems and perform at work?
F) However, we can change the way we feel and deal with various situations.
1. Which of the following should be the LAST (SIXTH) sentence after rearrangement ?
1) B 2) C 3) D 4)E 5) F
2. Which of the following should be the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?

1) B 2) C 3) D 4)E 5) F
3. Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?

1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E
4. Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement ?

1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E
5. Which of the following should be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement ?

1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E
6-10)
(A) We feel these things are glorious because of the splendid triumphs.
(B) Because of these sacrifices we realize the victories of peace are even more glorious than victories of war.
(C) The word victory is associated in our minds with war.
(D) We are impressed by their sacrifices.
(E) It calls up visions of battles, bloodshed and conquests by force.
(F) But when we think of the philosophy of great men, scholars, social reformers, scientists and philanthropists we start th i n ki n g i n a
different way.
6. Which sentence should be the FOURTH in the paragraph?
1) B 2) C 3) D 4) E 5) F
7. Which sentence should be the THIRD in the paragraph?

1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E
8. Which sentence should be the FIRST in the paragraph?

1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E
9. Which sentence should be the LAST (SIXTH) in the paragraph?

1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E
10. Which sentence should be the SECOND in the paragraph?

1) B 2) C 3) D 4) E 5) F
11-15)
(A) One day, one of the heads found a jar of nectar and decided to taste it.
(B) Enraged, the other neck soon found a jar of poison and consumed it.
(C) The first neck, however, refused to let the second neck have it.
(D) The poison reached the common stomach and both the necks perished.
(E) Once upon a time there lived a special kind of bird which had two necks and shared a common stomach.
(F) On seeing this, the other head also wanted to taste the nectar.
11. Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?
a) A b) B c) C d) D e) F
12. Which of the following should be the SIXTH (LAST) sentence after rearrangement?
a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E
13. Which of the following should be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?
a) A b) B c) C d) E e) F
14. Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
a) A b) B c) C d) D e) F
15. Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
16-20)
A) A study to this effect suggests that the average white-collar worker demonstrates only about twenty-fi ve p e rc en t l i ste ni n g
efficiency.
B) However, for trained and good listeners it is not unusual to see all the three approaches duri n g a s e tti ng , th u s i m pr o vi n g
listening efficiency.
C) There are three approaches to listening: listening for comprehension, listening for empathy, and listening for evaluation.
D) Although we spend nearly half of each communication interaction listening, we do not listen well.
E) Each approach has a particular emphasis that may help us to receive and process information in different settings.
16. Which sentence should come fourth in the paragraph?

a) B b) C c) E d) A e) D
17. Which sentence should come second in the paragraph?

a) E b) A c) D d) B e) C
18. Which sentence should come first in the paragraph?
a) D b) A c) C d) E e) B
19. Which sentence should come last in the paragraph?

20. Which sentence should come third in the paragraph?

a) C b) A c) D d) B e) E
21-25)
A) Modern science has produced some good drugs for these ailments.
B) Heart ailments are very common these days.
C) So I always prefer taking milk these days as it contains no fat.
D) But this can also be prevented by taking fatless food.
E) That is why people call this era as the age of heart troubles.
21. Which of the following should be the third sentence?

a) B b) D c) A d) E e) C
22. Which of the following should be the first sentence?

23. Which of the following should be the last sentence?

24. Which of the following should be the second sentence?

25. Which of the following should be the fourth sentence?

26-30)
(A) On the other hand, it can mean giving us what we need.
(B) We are happy to belong to such a society that treats us fairly, has given us our due and that is impartial.
(C) Both in a way will be right.
(D) The problem, however, is that ‘giving each his due’ can mean a variety of contradictory things.
(E) Political parties will take advantage of this and will champion one definition or the other depending upon their co n ve ni en c e a n d
claim to be a party of justice.
(F) Justice is the bond of society.
(G) It can, for instance, mean giving us what we deserve -be that a reward for achievement or a punishment for offences.
26. Which of the following will be the FOURTH sentence?

a) G b) F c) E d) B e) C
27. Which of the following will be the THIRD sentence?

28. Which of the following will be the FIFTH sentence?

a) B b) C c) E d) D e) A
29. Which of the following will be the FIRST sentence?

a) E b) F c) G d) A e) B
30. Which of the following will be the SEVENTH (LAST) sentence?

a) A b) B c) E d) D e) C
31-35)
A) What is clear is that no one has yet provided evidence for it to be conclusively rejected or validated.
B) To some people such a notion seems perfectly reasonable; to others it seems quite ludicrous.
C) Most of the people have curiosity and also possess some knowledge of astrology.
D) Much of the evidence offering support for this fundamental notion is far from clear-cut.
E) They appreciate that astrology attempts to relate human behaviour to the movements of stars and planets.
31) Which sentence should come second in the paragraph?

32) Which sentence should come fourth in the paragraph?

33) Which sentence should come first in the paragraph?

34) Which sentence should come third in the paragraph?

35) Which sentence should come last in the paragraph?

36-40)
A) Further, he pretended to have a particular dislike for the lowest laboring classes declaring that they ough t to b e a b so lu te ly
destroyed.
B) One of his little eccentricities was violent disbelief in government by the people.
C) He was a man who despised the aims and beliefs of his fellow-men, and a trifle eccentric.
D) His closest friends, however, knew that these were all assumed attitudes, and that, secretly he was kindly dispose d to wa rd s
his fellow men, and the poor.
E) It was contradiction in terms, he said, government by a single man was the only form of government that had ever been able
to do things.
36) Which sentence should come second in the paragraph?

a) C b) D c) E d) A e) B
37) Which sentence should come fourth in the paragraph?

38) Which sentence should come first in the paragraph?
39) Which sentence should come third in the paragraph?

40) Which sentence should come last (i.e. fifth) in the paragraph?
41-45)
(A) The urban poor were neglected.
(B) A new generation of professionals however are attempting to reach the urban poor.
(C) This is because they were considered too mobile and lacking in cohesion
(D) Micro-finance institutions have traditionally focused on the rural poor.
(E) These factors do not facilitate generation of peer group pressure which is essential for the success of the micro -finance model.
(F) Their challenge will be to adapt the traditional micro -finance model to one suited to urban micro-finance.
41) Which of the following is the SECOND sentence after rearrangement

42) Which of the following is the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?

43) Which of the following is the SIXTH (LAST) sentence after rearrangement?
a) B b) C c) D d) E e) F
44) Which of the following is the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?

45) Which of the following is the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?

46-50)
(A) To address these issues Indian corporate are increasingly turning eco-friendly.
(B) At present however, there are only a dozen green buildings in the private sector.
(C) However, though an eco-friendly building may cost more upfront, it is cost effective because of lower operating c o sts i n th e
long run.
(D) Today there is growing concern about global warming, energy and water crises.
(E) The reason is the construction cost of an eco-friendly building is 15% to 20% more than putting up a conventional building.
(F) Planting trees, using energy saving lighting systems and constructing eco-friendly green buildings are some o f th e m e asu re
they are taking.
46) Which of the following will be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
47) Which of the following will be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
a) A b) C c) D d) E e) F
48) Which of the following will the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?
a) B b) D c) C d) E e) F
49) Which of the following will be the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?
a) C b) D c) E d) F e) A
50) Which of the following will be the SIXTH (LAST) sentence after rearrangement?
COMPREHENSIONS 21
CLASSROOM EXERCISE-I
Easy --01
DIRECTIONS : Read the following passage carefully to answer the questions that follow it on the basis of the p assag e.
Certain words are highlighted in BOLD letters to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Death pockmarks the golden sands of Gahirmatha beach today. Until recently, the golden dunes of th i s p ri s tin e s tre tc h i n Co a s tal
Orissa throbbed with life. The tiny strip of land acted like a hot, fertile womb for the mysterious Olive Ridley turtles th a t c a me o u t o f
the sea at the dead of night to lay their eggs. Like an ancient ritual, these elusive creatures, which trace their origin to the Jurassic era,
would come in thousands (In a good year, even upto seven lakhs), turning the entire beach into one movin g m as s ---m a ki n g i t th e
largest rookery for Olive Ridley turtles. But this year, for the se cond consecutive year, less than 100 turned up. Every year during th i s
ritual, the scientists would record a small number of turtles (ranging from 1000 to 3500) that would die trapped in the nylon nets of the
numerous trawlers that fish along this coast. Last year, the figure stood at 3634. This year, they recorded 16000 dead turtles. “It’s li ke
mass annihilation of an entire species,” says BC Chaudhary, a turtle expert and scientist with the Wildlife Institute of Indi a.
For years, wildlife experts have be en crying hoarse over the turtle population sinking towards extinction. And for years, the
Environment and Forests Ministry has laughed off the forebodings. But of late, chinks have appeared in that armour o f i n d i ffe re n ce.
One way to look at this change of heart is that the ministry officials were staggered at the large number of deaths and the fact that n o
mass nesting has taken place for two years in succession at the Gahirmath beach. The other way to look at i t i s th ro u g h th e t i n ted
glasses of lucre. The US environment lobby has banned Indian marine exports like shrimp, linking it with India’s failure to p ro te ct i ts
turtle population. As much as $ 1162 million (Rs. 10530 crore) is at stake. Whatever, the fact is the tables are turning. Sa ys the Uni o n
Minister for Environment, “We are on the verge of starting Project Sea Turtle.... It will be a massive operation just like Proje ct Tiger.”
In its ambition, at least, if not in deed, Project Tiger was sold as a campaign to save many other species besides th e ti g e r s i n ce th e
jungle predator is an apex species at the top of the food chain. Not so with the turtle. Project Sea Turtle, if anything, wil l just focu s o n
the five different existing sea turtle species ---- Olive Ridley, hawksbill, green turtle, leatherback and loggerhead. According to a d ra ft
proposal on Project Turtle, at present pending with the ministry, the main thrust would, first of all be to stop the annihila tion. An d th e
predictable first move would be to make turtle-extruder devices (TED) mandatory in trawlers. Most of the devasta ti on i n O ri s sa h a s
taken place because of uncontrolled trawler traffic. Turtles get stuck in the trawler nets, and breaking their skulls or back is the
accepted alternative instead of cutting the nest to set them free. The TED is an escape hatch that is built into the n e t wh i c h e na bl es
trapped turtles to free themselves. But that’s just part of the problem.
1. 'Death pockmarking the golden sands’ is synonymous with

A. Declining mortality rate B. Constant sounding of the death knell
C. A constant mortality rate D. The fact that mortality is unheard of at that place
2. The phrase ‘throbbed with life’ in the passage connotes

A. Full of life B. Overstuffed with life
C. Deterioration in population D. None of the above
3. According to the author, “mass annihilation of an entire species” would mean that
A. Only the fittest would survive B. The population of an entire species is mushrooming
C. An entire species has been wiped out D. A hybrid species has been produced
4. What has appeared as chinks in the armour of indifference?

A. Scars B. Dawn of truth C. Holes D. Misinterpretations
5. If the US bans Indian marine exports, India will gain around

A. $ 1162 million B. Rs. 10530 crore C. Rs. 4938 million D. None of these
6. According to the passage, trawlers are responsible for the rapid extinction of turtles because
A. Trawlers are fond of the turtles’ meat. B. Trawlers love to domesticate turtles.
C. Trawlers' nets trap the turtles and freedom from the net costs them death
D. Trawlers trap the turtles in order to tempt the fish.
7. The author says that the TED (Turtle Extruder Device) is actually
A. An imported net B. A steel trap C. An escape hatch D. A rat trap
8. An appropriate title for this passage is

A. The Sea Turtles B. Turtles In Death Trap
C. A Major Environmental Hazard D. Project Turtle
9. The last line of the passage hints at the fact that
A. The scientists have been unable to identify and understand the problem
B. Installing the TED will solve the entire problem.
C. Installing the TED will not solve the entire problem.
D. The government is not interested in finding a solution to the turtle problem.
10. The line ….whatever, the fact is the tables are turning… in the second paragraph implies that
A. The situation has caught serious attention of the government now.
B. The situation is likely to become more serious in future.
C. The government will act strictly against those killing the turtles.
D. The government is shifting its responsibility to the private sector
DIRECTIONS: Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word given in bold as used in the
passage.
11. ROOKERY
A. Place of stay B. Killing place C. Playfield D. Hatchery
12. CRYING HOARSE

A. Pressurizing the other party B. Writing articles frequently
C. Raising voice strongly D. Sitting silent
Easy -1
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. C
8. B
9. C
10. A
11. D
12. C
Easy --02
Havldar Vishnu Prasad is a bemused man. Since he arrived at Military Hospital, Srinagar with gunshot wounds and splinter injuries, he
has been visited by a stream of VVIPs- the Prime Minister, the defence minister, Mrs Sonia Gandhi, the chief minister, the Govern or e t
al. “How come”, he wants to know, “no one inquired about me when I was here just a month ago after an encounter with militants in
Manasbal? Does anyone know about my Company Commander Major A P Singh who l ost his life in that encounter? I feel h i s l o ss , h i s
wife and children miss him, the regiment cannot forget him, he was an asset to the Indian Army but what about the country? We re we
at cross-purposes with the country’s interests then?”
India’s is not peace-time soldiering. We have been losing one of our bravest sons in every crisis. Our soldiers have been in operation in
Sri Lanka, Punjab, the North-east, J & K and on peace-keeping missions abroad. They are battle-hardy, not battle-weary and are much
more than a fighting outfit- they constitute an organization of people with unity, discipline and energy. It is probably the only
organization that has continued to utilize its capacities to achieve professional objectives, resisting all attempts to compr omise its ideals
or to deliver below its potential. This has been possible because the motivation of the soldier is duty, honour, integrity. Th ro u g ho u t
history, the reason why a soldier has voluntarily given his life has remained the same- he is moved by a sense of duty. Th o u gh th e
soldier’s motivations have remained the same, as is brought home to us now more than ever by the casualtie s i n Ka rg i l a n d Dra s s,
things are changing. In fact, they started changing a decade ago with the arrival of the matriculate ja wan (the minimum qual i fi c atio n
for all regiments except the Gorkhas), globalisation, private sector salaries and the rapid urba ni za tio n o f c atc h men t a rea s f o r th e
services. In their uniforms, soldiers are ordinary people with human needs and emotions. They too have families, problems,
responsibilities and aspirations. Earlier, there were institutional arrangements within the civilian s et -u p to ta ke s pe ci al c are o f th e
soldiers’ families, their land disputes and family sickness while they were away on field postings. Cut off from the rest o f th e c o u ntry
and restricted by their own terms of service, the jawan has always depended on the government to s ee h i m th ro u g h h i s e veryd ay
problems. A letter from the commanding officer to the district magistrate was enough to settle a property problem back h o me. Wh en
he went home on leave, his railway warrant was all he needed to get a good berth. Today, the l e tte rs g o u n a ns wered a n d ti c ket
collectors need to be bribed. The insensitivity of the civilians makes him feel alienated. Dying in action is a fact of life for our m e n i n
uniform. As the last post is sounded for yet another military funeral, one can’t help but marvel at the brand equity o f wa r b e ca us e i t
took an Operation Vijay for supreme sacrifice to be noticed.
1. Havaldar Vishnu Prasad thinks that nobody knows about Major A.P. Singh because
B. He died peacefully
B. Nobody cares for a soldier who dies in an encounter during peace time
C. He was not visited by VVIPs when he was in hospital.
D. He was a company commander.
E. None of these
2. Find out the correct expression from among the given options.
A. Major A.P. Singh died in an encounter with militants in Manasbal.
B. Soldiers are not ordinary people as they are in uniforms.
C. Indian people are very forgetful.
D. The minimum qualification for all regiments is matriculation.E. 1 and 4
3. Before the start of Operation Vijay, India had to lose one soldier
A. Per day B. Every week C. Every few days D. Every month E. None of these
4. Which of the following is/are the quality/ies of Indian soldiers, as mentioned in the passage?
A. Unity B. Energy C. Discipline D. Battle-weary E. A, B and C
5. What is the reason for which a soldier voluntarily gives his life?
A. To become hero B. To enrich his successor
C. His sense of duty D. He is bound to do so E. None of these
6. Earlier, the families of soldiers who were away on field postings were looked after by
A. Common people B. There was special arrangement within the civilian set-up for that
C. Elder members of the families, and government had scant regard
D. A and B E. B and C
7. The soldier’s motivation started changing a decade ago with the arrival of
A. Matriculate jawans B. Globalisation C. Private sector salaries
D. Rapid urbanization E. All of these
8. Which of the following is the intention of the writer behind the writing of the passage?
A. To point out the lack of commitment of the society towards the problem faced by the soldiers
B. To disclose the enthusiasm showed by the people during operation Vijay
C. Point out the changing trends among Indian soldiers.
D. To draw attention towards the dying soldiers.
E. None of these
9. Find out a suitable title for the passage from the options given below.
A. Soldiers vs Civilians B. Soldiers’ Difficulties C. Family Problems of Soldiers
D. Changing Trends among Soldiers E. Globalisation and Soldiers
10. From a reading of the passage, it appears that the writer is

A. A social critic B. A strategic analyst
C. An economist D. An ordinary citizen E. A politician
DIRECTIONS: Find out the word from the given options which is most nearly same in meaning to the word given in
bold as used in the passage
11. BEMUSED
B. Satisfied B. Dissatisfied C. Exhausted D. Bewildered E. Be sought
13. ENCOUNTER
A. Meeting B. Dealing C. Conference D. Conflict E. Counteraction
13. BERTH
A. Sleeping place B. Tier C. Harbour D. Safe E. Position
DIRECTIONS: Find out the word from the given options, which is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word given i n
bold as used in the passage.
14. POTENTIAL
A. Capacity B. Heredity C. Environment D. Achievement E. Kinetic
15. VOLUNTARILY
A. Forcibly B. Carefully C. Correctly D. Hesitatingly E. Haphazardly
Easy -02
1. B
2. A
3. E
4. E
5. C
6. B
7. E
8. A
9. A
10. B
11. D 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. A
EASY-03
It is a truism that effective advertising must be built on an understanding of the consumer. Yet sometimes perceptions and
assumptions about people and about countries prevent marketers from responding to the opportunities inheren t i n s o c i al c h an ge.
There are two subjects about which everyone in the marketing and advertising communities has strong opinions and preco n cep ti on s.
One of them is women. The other is international marketing.
It isn’t too many years ago that markets in the United States were clearly separated b y gender. The assumption was that th e
target for all the expensive, big-ticket products and services, such as cars, travel and financing services were men. On the other h an d ,
women were sold food, household, fashion goods and cosmetics. It is remarkable to recall that at tha t ti m e, wo rki ng wo me n we re
invisible in the marketing and advertising plans.
Most advertisers thought of women consumers as housewives. The usual target definition was “an y h o us ewi fe , 1 8 to 4 9 ”.
Occasionally, they would recognize young, single women, who in those days described girls as natural targets for cosmetic and fashio n
targets. These two perceptions of women dominated marketing approaches to women in those days.
The surge of women entering the workforce has revolutionized the way we define the consumer market place. We fi n d th a t
men are crossing over into the supermarkets and shopping for food and household products that used to be the exclusive responsibility
of the housewives.
We find women crossing over into big-ticket product categories. They have become good customers fo r fi n a nc i al s ervi c es,
travel and cars. We find that not all working women are young, single girls, and not all housewives are married.
In short, our perception of the total consumer marketpl ace has turned upside down as a result of this one single
demographic fact. The concept of effective advertising and marketing must be built on an understanding of the consumer, parti cu la rl y
relevant to the international market-place.
16. How can an effective advertising be built, according to the passage?
A. By conducting live demonstrations of the product/s.
B. By announcing handsome discounts.
C. By understanding the market players
D. By introducing free gift schemes.
E. None of these
17. Which of the following presents a true picture of the US markets?

A. It is a highly competitive market B. It is economical
C. It is separated by gender D. It is a highly expensive market
E. None of these
18. Which of the following falls in the big-ticket product categories?

A. ornaments and cosmetics B. Food items
C. cars and expensive tours D. Medicine and life-saving equipment
E. None of these
19. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Male customers dominate the m arket in terms of expenditure.
B. Women are more prosperous buyers than men.
C. Consumer psychology is the central theme of effective advertising.
D. A product can be sold without advertising.
E. None of these
20. Which of the following is true in the context of the passage?

A. In today’s context, the consumer is the king.
B. With effective advertising, the products become cheaper.
C. Nowadays, women have become good customers for big-ticket products.
D. There is a conflict of ideas between men and women.
E. None of these
21. Which of the following is FALSE in the context of the above passage?
A. Women and International Marketing are the two points of concern for the advertising community.
B. These days, the US markets are separated by gender.
C. In the past, most consumers took women consumers as housewives.
D. Nowadays, a large number of women are becoming working professionals.
E. None of these
22. What change has taken place in the consumer market-place?

A. Consumers are now more aware of the changing market trends.
B. There are more male customers than female ones in the market today.
C. Male consumers are buying the products which female consumers used to buy in the past and vice- versa.
D. The market has become customer-friendly.
E. None of these
23. What is the meaning of the phrase turn upside down as used in the passage?
A. to reverse the position B. to uplift
C. to make a negative impact D. to fall in disorder E. to crumble down
24. What is the central theme of the passage?

A. Advertising and consumer behavior B. Change in market trends
C. Consumer-friendly markets D. Advertising and women E. Market in disarray
DIRECTIONS (25-27): Choose the word that is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word given in bold as used in
the passage.
25. RECALL
A. Recollect B. Call again C. Summon D. Order
E. Command
26. REVOLUTIONISED
A. Attacked B. Targeted C. Confronted D. Fundamentally changed
E. Symbolized
100 | GYANM SCO 13 -15, 2 N D FLOOR, SECTOR 34 -A, CHANDIGARH, PH: 0172 -4052124
27. RELEVANT
A. Worth 2 Owing C. Pragmatic D. Sensible
E. Pertinent
DIRECTIONS (28-29): Choose the word that is most nearly OPPOSITE in meaning as the word given in bold as u sed i n
the passage.
28. TRUISM
A. Fact B. Fallacy C. Irony D. Nuisance
E. Understatement
29. INHERENT
A. Prevalent B. Hidden C. Complex D. Extrinsic
E. Excluded
30. SURGE
A. Rush B. Decrease C. Soaring D. Dearth
E. Drain
16 E 17 E 18 C 19 C 20 C
21 B 22 C 23 A 24 A 25 A
26 D 27 E 28 B 29 D 30 B
HOMEWORK EXERCISE-I
Easy -- 04
Today the import duty on a complete machine is 35% for all practical purposes, whereas the import duty on raw materials and
components range from 40% -80%. The story does not end here. After paying such high import duties on components, once a
machine is made, it suffers excise duty from 5% - 10% (including on the customs duty already paid). At the time of sale, the mach i n e
tools suffer further taxation, i.e., Central sales tax or State sales tax which range from 4% -16%. This much for the tax angle. An o the r
factor which pushes the cost of manufacture of machine tools is the very high rate of interest payable to banks ranging up to 22 %, a s
against 4%-7% prevailing in advanced countries. The production of machine tools in India being not of the sam e scale as it is in other
countries, the price which India’s machine tool builders have to pay for components is more or less based on the pattern of h igh pricing
applicable to the prices of spares. The above represents only a few of the extraneous reasons for the high cost of Indian machines. The
machine tool industry in India has an enviable record of very quick technology absorption, assimilation and development. There are a
number of success stories about how machine tool builders were of help at the mo st crucial times. It will be a pity, in fact a tragedy, i f
we allow this industry to die and disappear from the scene. It is to be noted that India is at least 6000 km away from any dependable
source of supply of machine tools. The Government of India has always given a great deal of importance to the development o f s ma ll
scale and medium scale industries. These industries have also performed pretty well. Today, they are i n n e e d o f h e l p fro m I n d i a ’s
machine tool industry to enable them to produce quality components at reduced costs. Is it anybod y’s c as e th a t th e n ee ds o f th i s
fragile sector (which needs tender care) will be met from 6000 km away? Then, what is it that the industry requests from the
Government? It wants a level playing field. In fact, all of us must have a deep introspection and recognise the fact th a t th e m ac hi n e
tool industry has a very special place in the country from the point of strategic and vital interests of the nation . Mo s t i m p orta ntl y, i t
pleads for the government’s consideration and understanding.
1. According to the passage, the factors responsible for the high costs of machine tools in India are
1. High customs duties 2. Sales Tax 3. High interest rates 4. Excise duties
A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1, 3 and 4
C. 1, 2 and 4 D. 1 and 2 E. 1, 2, 3 and 4
2. If the banks’ rate of interest in India is made on par with that in advanced -countries, the cost of manufacture of
machine tools
A. May go up by about 4 to 7% B. Will remain the same due to import duty
C. May increase by about 22% D. May decrease by about 4 to 7%
E. May decrease by about 15 to 18%
3. According to the passage, all the following factors are responsible for high cost of India machine EXCEPT
A. Higher import duty on spares
B. Excise duty
C. Sales tax
D. High profit margin expected by manufacturers
E. Bank’s rate of interest on loans for manufacture
4. The disparity in the quantum of machine production in India and that in other countries leads to
A. The necessity to export the machine from India to other countries
B. Lethargy in the process of absorption and assimilation of new technology
C. A need to pay higher for components and spares
D. Over-production of machines as compared to the actual need
E. The development of small scale and medium scale industries.
5. Which of the following statements in TRUE in the context of the passage?

A. India’s machine tool industry has a praiseworthy record of performance.
B. In critical times, the machine tool builders allowed the industry to perish.
C. In case of machines, the excise duty is levied only on the cost price.
D. India’s quantum of production of machine tools is more than that of other advanced countries.
E. None of these
6. The availability of Indian machine tool industry’s help to small scale industry is most likely to result in
A. Deterioration in the quality of components manufactured by them
B. Severe competition among the small and medium scale industries.
C. Further increase in the customs duty on the imported machines.
D. Enhancement in the quality and quantity of their production at a cheaper cost.
E. Increase in demand of imported machine tools.
7. Which of the following groups of statements is definitely true in the context of the passage?
1. The vital role of India’s machine tool industry has not been duly recognised by the government.
2. Small scale industry’s performance can be further improved with the help from the Indian machine tool industry.
3. The author of the passage has not discussed all the factors which are responsible for high cost of Indian machines.
A. Only 1 and 2 B. Only 1 and 3
C. Only 2 and 3 D. All the statements are true E. None of these
8. Which of the following best explains the sentence “It wants a level playing field” as used in the passage? Th e
machine tool industry in India
A. Needs land for opening more factories
B. Needs freedom to import the desired components at a low cost
C. Seeks to have the small scale industry as its patron
D. Wants to adopt novel marketing strategies for sale promotion
E. None of these
9. Why do small and medium scale industries look for help from India’s machine tool industry?
1. To produce low cost components without dilution in quality.
2. To produce cheaper components notwithstanding the poor quality.
A. Only 1 B. Only 2 C. Either 1 or 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2E. None of these
10. Which of the following inferences can be drawn in the context of the passage?
A. Levying heavy custom duty is absolutely necessary.
B. Banks in other countries are running in loss owing to a low interest rate.
C. The government of India has not been considerate to the difficulties faced by the machine tool industry.
D. The government of India has duly recognised the role of the machine tool industry.
E. India should not waste its precious resources on the production of machine tools.
11. Which of the following is the principal focus of the content of the passage?
A. Exorbitant sales tax
B. Unrealistic strategy of development of technology
C. Reduction in rate of interest on loans to machine industry
D. Indian machine tool industry and its vital role in the country’s development
E. Encouragement to small and middle scale industries
DIRECTIONS : Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the world given in CAPITALS as used in
the passage.
12. SCALE
A. Quantity B. Proportion C. Quality D. Steep E. Trace
13. ENVIABLE
A. Miserable B. Disappointing C. Praiseworthy D. Pessimistic E. Jealous
DIRECTIONS : Choose the word which is most nearly the OPOSITE in meaning as the world given in CAPITALS as u sed
in the passage.
14. DEPENDABLE
1. Independent 2. Creditable 3. Unreliable 4.Unapproachable
5. Incongruent
15. FRAGILE
1. Weak 2. Perfect 3. Vulnerable 4. Robust 5. Delicate
1. E
All these facts are duly mentioned in the first few lines of the passage.
2. E
Compare the rate of interest as mentioned in the first paragraph i.e. 4 -7% vs. 22% and the conclusion is obvious.
3. D
Option D not mentioned anywhere in the passage.
4. C
5. A
The machine tool industry in India has an enviable record ….
6. D
….they are in need of help ….to produce quality components at reduced costs.
7. A
8. B
A level playing field implies equality i.e. no favour or bias.
9. A
10. C
…..it pleads for the government’s consideration and understanding.
11. D 12. A 13. C 14. 3 15. 4
Easy --05
The train, named Samjhauta Express, was launched as a new symbolism of accord between two battle-scarred n atio ns - I n d ia a n d
Pakistan which have lived together uneasily since their creation sixty five years ago. But Samjhauta Exp re ss b etwe en Am ritsar a n d
Lahore has hardly transcended the invisible barriers that continue to divide the two countries. It has neither brought in its train
greater accommodation and understanding between the two countries nor, indeed, fostered an exchange of visitors , c o mmo dities,
ideas or goodwill between the two peoples. If anything, the biweekly express itse lf has, since its launch over two dec ad es a go , b e en
derailed several times by the conflicting political perceptions of Islamabad and New Delhi and has become a source of new ten sions.
Not long ago, reports had it that the militants trained and equipped with arms were using it to enter Punjab and Jammu a n d Ka sh mi r
to fuel insurgency in the two sensitive border states. These reports only led to greater harassment of genuine passengers cro ssing th e
border to meet and visit their long-separated relatives. Earlier reports suggested that baskets of paan were being smuggled abroad the
train from India to meet the huge demand for betel leaf in Pakistan, which had banned imports from India of the commodity of
common consumption throughout the subcontinent.
Fresh trouble now seems to be brewing at Attari, the border station on the Indian side, where in a crackdown against petty smugglin g,
the customs authorities have banned the entry of porters to Platform number 2 reserved for international traffic. The customs offic i al s
claim that the coolies were helping the passengers with excess baggage and thereby causing revenue loss to the government.
Contesting the charge, the porters say that the new regulation is hurting their employment. With just two departures a n d a rri va l s o f
Samjhauta Express in a week, the porters’ pickings are not much to boast of, anyway. But n o twi th s tan di n g th e q u an tu m o f l o ss ,
Samjhauta Express has bred new tensions.
1. What was the main purpose behind the launching of Samjhauta Express?
1. To facilitate trade between India and Pakistan. 2. To ease the heavy traffic load
3. To improve the relation between India and Pakistan 4. To facilitate the movement of the army
5. To facilitate smuggling
2. Samjhauta Express runs between
1. New Delhi and Karachi 2. Amritsar and Lahore
3. Attari and Lahore 4. Attari and Karachi 5. New Delhi and Islamabad
3. Which one of the following countries had banned imports from India?
1. Iraq 2. Afghanistan 3. Nepal 4. Pakistan 5. Sri Lanka
4. Which one of the following is the border station on the Indian side, according to the passage?
1. Attari 2. Katra 3. Srinagar 4. Doda 5. Amritsar
5. Why have the customs authorities banned the entry of porters to the Platform Number 2 at Attari?
1. Only foreigners are allowed 2. There is no need of porters
3. No train leaves from the Platform number Two 4. To check petty smuggling
5. To prevent petty smuggling and revenue loss to the government
6. According to the passage, the two sensitive border states of India are
1. Haryana and Jammu and Kashmir 2. Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir
3. Punjab and Rajasthan 4. Punjab and Uttar Pradesh
5. Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir
7. The Samjhauta Express between Amritsar and Lahore runs

1. Twice a week 2. Daily
3. Thrice a week 4. Twice a month 5. Four days in a week
8. What is the meaning of CRACKDOWN as used in the passage?

1. Broken 2. Foolish 3. Severe measures 4. Uncomfortable 5. Addiction
DIRECTIONS (9-12): Choose the word that is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word given in bold as used in
the above passage.
9. ACCORD
1. Agreement 2. Forceful 3. Unity 4. Compromise 5. Measure
10. TRANSCEND
1. Supreme 2. Represent 3. Cross 4. Beyond 5.Freedom
11. FOSTER
1. Advance 2. Promote 3. Develop 4. Cause 5. Establish
Key
1. 3
…..was launched as a new symbolism of accord between two battle-scarred nations - India and Pakistan.
2. 2
But Samjhauta Express between Amritsar and Lahore has hardly….
3. 4
Pakistan, which had banned imports from India….
4. 1
Fresh trouble now seems to be brewing at Attari, the border station on the Indian side…
5. 4
….crackdown against petty smuggling, the customs authorities have banned the entry of porters …..
6. 2
7. 1
With just two departures and arrivals of Samjhauta Express in a week….
8. 3 9. 4 10.3 11. 2
CLASSROOM EXERCISE-II
Moderate --01
When life throws you a curveball, most of us tend to accumula te clutter and become rather disorganized for a while. It
happens to everyone. We become ill, a family member becomes ill, we are assigned a project at work that requires a lot o f tra ve l , o r
has a ridiculous deadline. Our lives change. We move, get married , have kids, or start a new job. During times of transition, a certain
amount of chaos, clutter and disorganization is natural. This is what we call “Situationally Disorgan i zed ”: Di s o rg an iza ti on t h a t i s a
normal side effect of a life situation.
Chronic Disorganization is different because when life transitions happen to you, instead of “recovering” and “restoring order”
after a few months or so, the disorganization does not improve and may even continue to worsen over time. The clutter c o nti n u es to
accumulate. At a certain point, daily life becomes overwhelmingly stressful and chronic procrastination becomes a ch al l en g e a s we l l.
The clutter itself starts affecting your emotional state so strongly, you may find yourself so drained and depressed that you no lon ge r
have the heart or the energy to dig out alone.
Help will most likely be needed to recover. And, in many cases, it may be that you wi l l n e ed o n g oi ng h e l p to m a in tai n a
reasonable level of organization. If your quality of life is suffering, and you are feeling stressed and overwhelmed m u c h o f th e ti me ,
and you don’t feel like you can fix it yourself, you are likely to be “stuck” in a pattern of being “chronically” disorganize d . I f yo u fi n d
that you tend to yo-yo between the extremes of getting organized and then becoming overwhelmed with clutter. This “pattern” m ay
also be considered “chronically disorganized.”
One of the key differences between situational and chronic disorganization is that not only are you functionally chal le ng ed , I
have found that every CD person I’ve ever met or worked with, including myself, has been emotionally traumatized by the exper ien ce.
Many of us become almost numb to the situation so don’t even realize the chronic pain we are in. There tend to be acute flare -up s o f
extremely intense emotions like frustration, anger, overwhelming grief and sadness for what your life could have been li ke, or dis g us t,
followed by episodes of other addictive or compulsive behaviors like shopping, eating, creative projects, self -isolation, workaholism, TV
watching or other kinds of “escape.”
1. Which of the following CANNOT be called an example of transiti on, as discussed in the passage?
A. Marrying off kids B. Getting a job promotion
C. Sticking to a job for 20 years D. Moving into a new house E. Having guests for a week
2. It can be made out that the expression throws you a curveball most likely means
A. Develops a sudden illness B. Presents multiple problems simultaneously
C. Presents a problem never seen before D. Presents a sudden crisis
E. Sends a heavy object towards you
3. Which of the following is NOT a feature of chronic disorganization?
A. Quickly shifting between organized and disorganized behaviours
B. Feeling unable to find a solution on one’s own
C. Mostly feeling stressed and overwhelmed
D. Emotional trauma is a part of it
E. The individual shows social withdrawal
4. The clutter, as per the passage, makes one

A. Socially unpopular B. Used to the situation
C. More likely to develop mental diseases D. Recover from diseases slowly
E. Devoid of all energy to even seek a solution
5. An analysis of this article reveals that most likely, the writer is a
A. Motivational speaker B. Psychologist
C. Part of a hospital D. Female counsellor
E. Doctor
6. The purpose of the second paragraph above is to

A. Offer examples to support the first paragraph B. Support the first paragraph in general
C. Describe another variety of disorganization
D. Discuss some theories on why disorganization occurs
E. Counter the ideas given in the first paragraph
7. According to the writer, situational disorganization is

A. Temporary B. A serious problem and demands professional help
C. Necessary D. Long-lasting and needs long treatment
E. None of these
DIRECTIONS: Choose the word which is the most OPPOSITE in meaning to the word printed in bold as u sed i n
the passage.
8. FIX
A. Rectify B. Remove
C. Lose D. Hide E. Create problem
9. DRAINED
A. Stable B. Energetic
C. Dull D. Empty E. Full
10. TRANSITION
A. Disorganization B. Change
C. Transfer D. Loyalty E. Constancy
DIRECTIONS: Choose the word which is the SAME in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the
passage.
11. OVERWHELMED
A. Affected B. Impressed
C. Weighed down D. Free E. Excessive
12. NUMB
A. Careless B. Dull
C. Not hearing D. Immune E. Responsive
Answer Key and Solution – RC -01
1. C
2. D
3. E
4. E
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. E
9. B
10. E
11. C
12. D
Moderate --02
DIRECTIONS : Read the following passage carefully to answer the questions that follow it on the basis of the
passage. Certain words are highlighted in BOLD letters to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
One day while swimming off the coast of Indonesia, I came across a river of refuse and raw s ewa ge s tretc h in g fo r m i le s.
These streams and islands of refuse now populate all our oceans. In the middle of the Pacific, there is an island of garbage the size o f
Texas. This floating pollution chokes and kills sea turtles -- driving them closer to extinction. At the same time, the cora l re efs wh ere
sea turtles get their food are dying due to rising sea temperatures from global warming. To top it, sea turtles are hunted and killed fo r
meat, a delicacy in many Asian countries. It is an ugly but altogether 1 -2-3 type punch for this unique species.
This is not just a race to save a handful of charismatic species -- animals to which we attach human values or
characteristics. Who wouldn't want to save the sea otter, polar bear, giant panda or gorilla? These striking mammals tug at our
heartstrings and often our charitable purse strings. But our actions need to be just as swift when it comes to the valley longhorn beetle
or the ugly-looking Puerto Rican toad or the black-footed ferret, whose fate is intertwined with the prairie dog’s. The reality is that each
species, big, small, friendly or vicious, plays an essential role in its ecosystem. And we're in a race to preserve as much o f th e a n imal
kingdom as possible.
Meanwhile, around the planet, there are massive die-offs of amphibians, the canaries in our global coalmine. When frogs a n d
other amphibians, which have existed for millions of years, start vanishing, it indicates that our natural world is in peril. Ba t a n d b ee
populations are also being decimated. Without bees, there will be no pollination, and without pollination, the predator that is
decimating these species -- humankind -- will also be headed toward its own extinction. Yes, there is a certain irony there.
This was all brought home to me in an intimate way after a recent trip to Panama. My young daughter, Ma ya, a ske d i f s h e
could accompany me on my next trip there so that she could see her favorite animal -- the Panamanian golden fro g – u p , c l os e a nd
personal in the jungle. Sadly, I had to tell her no. This small, beautiful frog -- the national symbol of Panama -- no longer exists i n th e
wild. Only a few live in captivity.
Is there hope? Yes. Because in every place I visited to witness the extinction unfold, I met brave and selfless conservationists,
biologists and wildlife scientists working hard to save the species.
1. Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?
A. We are more likely to try to help animals which look beautiful
B. The writer’s daughter wanted to have a close look at the Panamanian golden frog
C. The writer is an Indonesian
D. The Pacific garbage is responsible for eliminating many turtles
E. All the species are essential to create an environment with natural balance
2. The first paragraph above serves to

A. Discuss why the sea turtles are dying
B. Explore the idea of why conservation is important
C. Quote a personal example to build the case for conservation
D. Quote a personal example to explain why the conservation efforts have failed
E. Give reasons why the Indonesian coast is so polluted
3. The phrase brought home to me, as used here in the fourth paragraph, most likely means
A. Given an example in a personal way B. Was told to me in person
C. Was delivered while I was at home D. Driven forcefully into my mind
E. Came to me through my daughter
4. From the above passage, we can infer that

A. Saving the environment requires focusing on some animals only
B. Saving the environment requires focusing on some big animals only
C. To ensure the natural balance, we need to ensure that no species goes extinct
D. The writer is involved in animal conservation
E. None of these
5. The writer ends the piece on a/ an

A. critical note B. optimistic note
C. pessimistic note D. indifferent note E. humorous note
6. In the third paragraph, the word irony refers to the fact that
A. The animals being killed are very important for conservation effo rts
B. The killer is not aware of the dangers present in his environment
C. The killer too may not survive long enough, if he continues like this
D. Without the bees, there cannot be any pollination
E. Without pollination, the bees will not survive
DIRECTIONS: Choose the word which is the most OPPOSITE in meaning to the word printed in bold as u sed i n
the passage.
7. CHARISMATIC
A. Appealing B. Unclear
C. External D. Unnecessary E. Ugly
8. PERIL
A. Wild B. Safety
C. Shock D. Crisis E. Sequence
DIRECTIONS: Choose the word which is the CLOSEST in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the
passage.
9. DELICACY
A. Something fragile B. Rarity
C. Festival item D. Popular dish E. Decorative item
10. TUG
A. Pull B. Affect
C. Touch D. Impress E. Grasp
Key and Solution- RC -02
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. B
6. C
7. E
8. B
9. D
10. A
Moderate --03
Frustration is a global cancer. It has spared no country. In some countries, frustration exists b e ca us e th e se c o u n tri es a re
populated by “have-nots”. In other countries which are populated by “haves”, frustration is common among them also because they do
“have”. As far as India is concerned, its education system is breeding more and more frustration among both students and tea chers .
And yet no one seems too clear about what can be done to make it more meaningful. Many reforms have been discussed at length but
have come to nothing for one reason or the other. The authorities are now peddling the idea of autonomous colleg es a s a m ean s o f
toning up teaching standards. They argue that by allowing certain colleges to introduce their own courses, hold seminars , a n d a bo ve
all, to evolve their own method of assessment, the students will get a far better deal. Indeed, they make out that such c o ll eg es wi l l
have a free hand in nearly everything except granting degrees. In theory, all this sounds attractive enough. But there is li ttle to s h ow
that the managements concerned are keen on such reforms. Even today, nothing prevents a college fro m inviting gue st s p eake rs o n
specialised subjects or holding courses in English. It is no secret that colleges which may be ‘freed’ to an extent from univ ersity contro l
are highly elitist: In Mumbai, for example, there is a big cultural gulf between city c olleges and s u b urb a n c o l l eg es. I f s o me o f th e
former are now given a degree of autonomy, it will only heighten this disparity.
The answer to the vexed problem of declining standards in higher education does not lie in encouraging the growth of
‘model’ institutions but in improving overall standards. This is, of course, easier said than done, since more and more young people ar e
seeking degrees. The only solution, however unpalatable it may sound, is to reduce drastically the number of those who are a d mitte d
to colleges. Even though there is political pressure on many state governments to build new colleges and to re s e rve m o re s e at s for
backward classes, it will be sheer folly to expand such facilities recklessly without giving any thought to th e q u a li ty o f e d uc ati o n
imparted. If admissions are made far more selective, it will automatically reduce the number of entrants. This should apply p articularl y
to new colleges, many of which are little more than degree factories. Only then can the authorities hope to b ri n g d o wn th e te a che r
student ratio to manageable proportions. What is more, teachers should be given refresher courses every summer vacation to br ush up
their knowledge. Besides, if college managements increase the library budget, it will help both the s taff and the students a great d eal .
At the same time, however, it will be unfair to deny college education to thousands of young men and women unless emp lo yers s top
insisting on degrees even for clerical jobs. For a start, why can’t the government disquali fy graduates from securing certain jobs - s a y,
class III and IV posts? Once the degrees are delinked from jobs, at least in some important departments, i t wi l l m a ke m an y yo u ng
people think twice before joining college.
1. The author’s chief concern seems to be

A. Frustration among students B. Spread of college education
C. Standard of education D. Autonomy to degree colleges
E. A and C
2. Which of the following is the main difficulty, according to the passage, i n the way of improving standards?
A. Paucity of library facilities B. Paucity of funds
C. Ever increasing number of young men wanting degrees
D. Grant of autonomy to colleges E. Absence of refresher courses
3. How, according to the passage, can the number of students taking college education be reduced?
A. By abolishing seat reservations for backward classes
B. By reducing the number of colleges
C. By abolishing seat reservations for backward classes
D. By discouraging the founding of model institutions
E. By making admissions highly selective in nature.
4. Why, according to the passage, do more and more young men go in for college education ?
A. Because more and more colleges are opened
B. Because it is cheap
C. Because employers insist on degrees even for clerical jobs
D. Because many colleges help them get degrees easily
E. Because more and more facilities are made available
5. The author fears that granting autonomy to colleges will not help because
A. The proposal may be attractive, yet the college managements do not seem to be interested in it.
B. It contains no new proposals.
C. The experiment has not been successful anywhere else.
D. Autonomous colleges ten to dilute teaching and evaluation standards.
E. None of these
6. The author feels that it would be unfair to

A. Blame teachers for the downfall B. Deny education to young people
C. Blame students for the downfall D. Curtail grants to colleges
E. None of these
7. The cultural gulf in Mumbai colleges exists because

A. Some colleges are given preferential treatment B. Of geographical reasons
C. Some colleges are highly elitist D. The author has not given any reasons for it
E. None of these
8. What is the most appropriate meaning of the expression “have-nots” used in the passage?
A. Unwilling to have material possessions B. Wretched people
C. Poor people D. Middle-class
E. Dispossessed
9. What, according to the author, would be a folly?

A. Giving priority to quantity over quality in education B. Giving autonomy to colleges
C. Not improving evaluation criteria D. Giving money for libraries
E. Increasing teachers’ salaries
DIRECTIONS: Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word given in bold as used i n
the passage.
10. VEXED
A. Annoying B. Recurring C. Debatable D. Complex E. Dangerous
11. EVOLVE
A. Introduce B. Start C. Develop D. Abandon E. Establish
12. BREED
1. Decrease 2. Produce 3. Multiply 4. Variety 5.Help
DIRECTIONS: Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word given in bold as used in the
passage.
13. FOLLY
A. Right B. Exact C. Mistake D. Action E. Wisdom
14. HEIGHTEN
A. Widen B. Decrease C. Strengthen D. Dissolve E. Disappear
15. RECKLESSLY
A. Fast B. Thoughtlessly C. Carefully D. EasilyE. Calmly
10. C 11. C 12.B 13. E 14. B 15. C
1. E
2. C
3. E
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. A
10. C
11. C
12.B
13. E
14. B
15. C
HOMEWORK EXERCISE-II
Moderate --04
How do you make an American worker as enthusiastic, loyal and hard -working as a Japanese? A few years ago, the
fashionable answer was to copy Japanese ways suc h as quality circles - the use of teams of workers to improve quality - and
suggestion boxes. Monsanto, a chemical-to-drugs firm, thinks it has found a better way. A visit to its agricultural - che m i ca ls p l ant i n
Luling, on the Mississippi delta just outside New Orleans, suggests that it might as well be right.
The trick that Monsanto is attempting to pull off is one that many firms are talking about: making employees feel “ownership ”
for their company. How? Mainly, it seems, by allowing them to use their brains as well as their hands. Monsanto’s main organisatio na l
change in its factories has been to do away with most of its foreman, supervisors and quality inspectors and i n ste ad to i n vi t e p l a nt
workers to oversee themselves. To that end, it has given ordinary workers financial information abo u t th ei r p a rt o f th e o p e rati on .
Previously, as in most firms, this was kept secret. A production-line operator now knows, for example, what his section’s profit or loss is
at the end of each month.
Sometimes, this information is available on the interactive computers used to control plants: otherwise by more old -fashione d
ways. It means that workers can now tell what difference it makes to the business (and thus to their pay and fu tu re j ob p ro sp ec ts)
whether they do something well or badly, quickly or slowly. The next step has been to encourage them to form te a ms o n a n a d h oc
basis, to make measurable improvements, whether big or small. At Luling, there is a plant producing analgesics fo r u s e i n h e a d ach e
pills. It is 30 years old, so it leaks. Instead of calling in outside repairers, plant workers decided to form a small team to m ake i t l e a k
less. Gleefully, they reckon they have already saved $ 155,000 a year. Previously, they didn’t think it mattered.
A further step has been to encourage teams to compete. In November, the whole agricultural division had a conference in S t.
Louis called the “big” meeting at which 60 teams vied to prove that their scheme was the cleverest, safest or most valuable. Accordi ng
to Mr. Ed Jurevic, the Luling plant manager, the atmosphere on the bus going there was like a team on the way to a fo o tba ll g ame :
excited and determined to win. Monsanto’s chemicals division has launched a similar meeting called the “tournament of champio ns”.
Cynical? Well, the Economist’s correspondent met enough workers at Luling to be convinced that they, at least, are not. An d
recently two employees, one from a fibre plant in Pensacola, Florida, and one from a chemicals factory in Chocolate Bayou, Texas were
summoned to talk to the parent firm’s board. One said, according to an evidently awed Mr. Richard Mahoncy, the chief executiv e that it
was “so exciting when somebody asks me to use my head. I have so much to offer.” Mr. Mahoncy thinks it is no coincidenc e th a t th e
fibre plant has increased productivity by 50 % in the past three years.
Another useful change has been to give workers contact with their customers, so that they know where the product goes a n d
why. A Luling team redesigned the packaging of their product once they had what was really needed. Pre vi ou sl y, th e y wo ul d h a v e
gone through the sales staff. Now they can go direct.
Similarly, quality control in the filling of bottles of herbicide improved markedly once workers were trained in several differe n t
ways of measuring quality and could get feedback from vendors and customers. Complaints p e r 1 0 0, 00 0 h al ved i n 1 9 8 8. Me re l y
ceasing to overfill bottles (as a result of better measurement) saved perhaps $ 200,000 in costs last year. Why d i d n ’ t q u al i ty c i rcl es
work as well as this? According to Luling staff, circles were too artificial, being fixed on single projects with little feel for why they were
there. “It felt as if you were doing it for somebody else,” said one worker.
The change in Monsanto’s factories has not happened overnight. It took time to convince workers that management genuinely
wanted to attack the feeling of “us and them”. Success has meant that the same approach of using self-directed teams cou l d a l s o b e
applied to other tasks, such as safety, because workers were convinced that management was committe d. Th e n e w me tho d s we re
tried first at non-union plants where workers were more flexible, but have now been spread to some unionized plants. Tha t was e asy
whenever there was a sense of crisis. What has not yet been solved is how to link improvements with the p a y o f o rd i n ary wo rke rs,
beyond a general system of bonuses. That is what Mr. Mahoney wa nts to crack next.
On its own, Monsanto’s apparent breakthrough in employee motivation will not be enough to make the firm prosper. But a s
long as is it lasts, if will be a big help. One lesson is that in trying to match the Japanese ability to get the be st out of workers, it is n o t
enough merely to copy the Japanese methods of gimmicks. The question to be asked is not what the Japan es e a re d o in g b u t wh y.
Having answered that, firms can then seek their own means to achieve the same end.
1. Which of the following alternatives are listed in the passage as recognized Japanese methods for increasi n g
work efficiency?
1. Suggestion Boxes 2. Quality circles
2. Incentive of ownership 4. A new system of bonuses
A. 2 and 4 B. 2, 3 and 4 C. 1 and 2 D. 2 and 3
E. None of the options is correct
2. It is evident from this passage that

A. Monsanto followed the Japanese methods faithfully.
B. Monsanto’s success was achieved in spite of the Japanese gimmicks.
C. Monsanto achieved its goal by following novel methods which were creative, but not necessarily Japanese.
D. Monsanto has proved the worth of the Japanese methods by following them successfully.
E. Monsanto's new methods have failed.
3. Monsanto gave ordinary workers financial information about their part of the operation
A. Because they believed in the rights of the workers.
B. To make them understand the profits at stake for the owners.
C. To encourage their desire to own the factory.
D. To foster a greater sense of involvement.
E. So as to make them understand the company's balance sheet
4. Monsanto did away with most of its foremen, supervisors and quality inspectors because
A. They added considerably to the expenditure.
B. They generally tend to foment trouble among the workers.
C. They wanted the plant workers to take on the additional work.
D. They wanted to nourish the enthusiasm and innate sense of responsibility in the workers.
E. None of these
5. The competition among the teams elicited an enthusiastic response

A. Because it was in the nature of the holiday.
B. Because the winners would be rewarded suitably.
C. Because the workers could not use their brains as well as their hands.
D. Since the workers had a sportive spirit.
E. Because it was a sports match among them.
6. The plant workers repaired the leak in the analgesics unit happily
A. Because it proved their capability. B. Since they were expected to do it.
C. In order to save $ 155,000 annually for the owners. D. Because of a sense of ownership.
E. It eased the burden of their operational duties
7. The fibre plant has increased its productivity by 50% in the past three years because
A. Creative suggestions were invited from the workers.
B. Mr. Richard Mahoncy was the chief executive.
C. The workers thrived under the attentions of the Economist.
D. There was no cynicism among the workers.
E. There were better incentives on offer
8. In the herbicide section, the complaints from customers were halved in 1998
A. Because the workers were allowed to sell the stuff.
B. Because the workers were trained in measuring quality and could get feedback from the customers.
C. Because the quality circle was effective.
D. Because the bottles were not overfilled.
E. Because the sales had got halved
9. A Luling team redesigned the packaging of their product

A. After they understood what their customers wanted.
B. To experiment with their new-found freedom.
C. In order to make it more attractive.
D. To save costs.
E. As the earlier one had been rejected by the management
10. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. The workers had to be convinced that the management was committed.
B. The new methods were tried first at unionised plants.
C. Quality circles were fixed on single projects with little feel of why th ey were there.
D. Self-directed teams could be used to tackle varied tasks.
E. All these statements are true.
11. One problem which has not yet been solved is

A. How to make the unions more friendly to the management.
B. How to assess the work efficiency of individual workers.
C. How to avoid cut-throat competition among the teams.
D. How to link improvements with the pay of ordinary workers.
E. All these problems have been solved.
12. This passage gives us

A. The success story of Monsanto.
B. A critical analysis of the Japanese methods of management.
C. An understanding of the psychology of workers.
D. An insight into new methods of employee motivation.
E. How Monsanto plans to become the industry leader on the basis of improvements at the workplace.
DIRECTIONS: Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word given in bold as used i n
the passage.
13. CYNICAL
A. Not believing B. Faithful C. Hopeful D. Truthful
E. Interested
14. BREAKTHROUGH
A. Change B. Concept C. New discovery D. Success
E. New method
15. CRACK
A. Bust B. Solve C. Repair D. Attack E. Break
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. D
6. D
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. B
11. D
12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D
Moderate --05
Japan’s system of economic management is probably without parallel in the world. Although the extent of direct state
participation in economic activities is limited, the government’s control and influence over business is stronger and more pe rvasive than
in most other free-enterprise countries. This control is not exercised through legislation or administrative action but through constan t -
and to an outsider, almost obsessive, consultation with business and through the authorities' deep indirec t i n vo lve men t i n b a nki ng .
Consultation is mainly by means of joint committees and groups that keep under review, monitor performance of, and set ta rg et s fo r
just about every branch and sector of the economy. In addition, there are several agencies and gov ernment departments that conce rn
themselves with such aspects of the economy as exports, imports, investment, and prices, as well as overall economic gro wth . Th e se
are staffed by experts, who are not only in constant touch with business but are also close to the minister concerned; th e y fo rm a n
integral part of a system that is quick to collate and interpret the latest economic indicators and to respond to th e c h a ng es i n th e
situation. The most important of these agencies is the Economic Planning Agency. Like the Bureau of Statistics, i t fo rm s p a rt o f th e
Prime Minister’s Office and, apart from monitoring the daily running of the economy, it is also responsible for long -term planning.
The system works well, without any major crises in government-business relations, because of the unusual self-disci p li n e o f
Japanese businessmen in their dealings with the authorities and the government's deep understanding of the role, needs, and
problems of business. The need for large-scale government participation in economic activities is thereby obviated a n d , u n l i ke m an y
governments in the free-enterprise world, the state appears to be positively reluctant to extend its direct rol e . Th e g o vern me nt h a s
monopoly on tobacco and salt, which is operated through the Japan Mon opoly Corporation. It also runs the telephone a n d te l eg rap h
services through the Nippon telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, while another publicly -owned company, the Japa n Na ti on al
Railways is responsible for about two-thirds of rail transport. The government has an interest in air travel, ratio, and television. It plays
no part in gas production or except for providing electricity in economically undeveloped areas- in electricity generation.
The government’s economic influence is supplemented by its substantial role in bankin g . Th e s tate o wn s a n u mb er o f
financial institutions, such as the Japan Development Bank, the Export-Import Bank, the Small Business Finance Corporation, a n d th e
Housing Loan Corporation, whose principal objective is to provid e finance to private enterprise in areas in which it is considered
particularly desirable. The Ministry of Finance and the Bank of Japan have considerable influence over business investment d ec i sio n s
because of the close interdependence of business, the c ommercial banks, and the central bank. The industry looks to the banks fo r a
substantial part of its investment funds, which are a turn dependent on the central bank's financial support.
1. The Bureau of Statistics in Japan

A. Has been set up by Japanese business concerns
B. Is a wing of the Economic Planning Agency
C. Is a branch of the Japan Development Bank
D. Is a part of the Prime Minister’s office
E. Is responsible for setting up important industries in Japan
2. One of the major factors contributing to the success of the Japanese economic management system is
A. That its politicians are honest
B. That its banking system is allowed to function independently of government interference
C. The efficiency of the Bureau of Statistics
D. That Japanese businessmen strictly adhere to instructions of government authorities
3. One of the important functions of the Japanese Economic Planning Agency is

A. To resolve any crisis in government-business relations
B. The supervision of the efficient running of government-owned corporations
C. To keep abreast of the daily running of the economy
D. To influence business investments decisions.
4. The tendency of many other governments in the free-enterprise world is

A. To extend their direct role in the nation’s economic activities
B. To denationalize state-owned corporations
C. To assume monopoly over electricity generation
D. Not to have any influence over the banking system
5. The Japanese government is able to influence business investment decisions in the private sector through
A. The daily monitoring of economic progress
B. Its considerable control over the banking system
C. Its monopoly over the communication system including telephones and railways
D. Government Directors in Company Boards
6. Most of the investible funds for Japanese industry come from

A. Their export profits C. Public participation in equity capital
C. The banking system D. Government funds
7. One of the economic activities in which Japanese government has a monopoly interest is
A. Generation of electricityB. The banking system C. The railways D. Salt
DIRECTIONS: Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word given in bold as used in the
passage.
12. INTEGRAL
A. Additional B. Extra C. Unnecessary D. Optional E. Clear
13. COLLATE
A. Scatter B. Distribute C. Publish D. Mystify E. Withhold
14. SUPPLEMENT
A. Weaken B. Subtract C. Criticize D. Unnecessary E. Core
1. D
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. C 9. A 10. A
DOUBLE PHRASES 22
Directions (1-50): Fill in the blanks with the MOST APPROPRIATE pair given in the options:
1) Today’s wealth of some nation conceals its long-standing fundamental in feeding itself.
a) substantial, ability b) perpetual, belief
c) a martyr, killed d) ostentatious, urge
2) Because he was , he human society.

a) a stereotype, followed b) a misanthrope, shunned
c) good, represented d) anthropologist, helped
3) I am not attracted by the life of the always wandering through the countryside, begging for charity.
a) proud, almsgiver b) noble, philanthropist
c) affluent, mendicant d) peripatetic, vagabond
4) Her true feelings themselves in her sarcastic asides: only then was her revealed.
a) concealed, sweetness b) manifested, bitterness
c) hid, sarcasm d) grieved, charm
5) The sugar dissolved in water ; finally all that remained was an almost residue on th e b ottom of
the glass.
a) quickly, lumpy b) immediately, fragrant
c) gradually, imperceptible d) subsequently, glassy
6) It is foolish to vent your spleen on object; still, you make enemies that way.
a) an inanimate, fewer b) an immobile, bitter
c) an interesting, curious d) an insipid, dull
7) Moreover, a fact-finding mission by BSN to India in January this year strongly recommended that the
French group should go it alone, and not hand over to an Indian partner.
a) constituted; authority b) organised; papers
c) dispatched; control d) sponsored; power
8) It is indeed _______ that fifty years after independence, we have failed to ________ a suitable education or
examination system.
a) bad; produce b) improper; create
c) sad; evolve d) objectionable; present
9) The bandit ______ the traveller of his purse of gold and _____ him grievously.
a) snatched; hurt b) stole; injured
c) demanded; beat d) robbed; wounded
10) Santosh looked very happy and ______ when he heard that his proposed scheme was _______ by the
committee.
a) energetic; rejected b) elated; accepted
c) satisfied; stalled d) disconsolate; approved
11) It is ______ for every tax payer to ________ the tax returns to the Income Tax Department.
a) necessary; lodge b) binding; pay
c) obligatory; submit d) possible; remit
12) The ______ of glory lead but to the _______.

a) ways; happiness b) acts; prosperity
c) paths; grave d) achievements; suffering
13) Cholesterol has long been identified as a silent killer because the patient has no _______ of the danger freely
______ his system.
a) idea; infecting b) thought; attacks
c) information; invading d) inkling; traversing
14) Synthetic milk _______ real milk in all ______ except taste and nutritional qualities.
a) resembles; respects b) exempted; respect
c) copies; manners d) marks; qualities
15) If we do not take ______ care in our industry, we will have to _______ a grave problem.
a) normal; experience b) proper; face
c) adequate; catch d) intensive; aggravate
16) He shifted to his late parents’ house not because of the _______ it provided but for purely _______ reasons.
a) convenience; sentimental b) grace; aesthetic
c) value; monetary d) comforts; personal
17) Some people have the ______ for learning foreign languages but they have no _______ in speaking.
a) mania; urge b) aptitude; interest
c) stamina; fondness d) capacity; ability
18) The increasing revival of dramatic classics is, to one critic, ______; it seems to him a sign of the ______ of the
modern theatre.
a) auspicious; resurgence b) deplorable; anaemia
c) incomprehensible; paradox d) astounding; vitality
19) We must explore _______ sources of energy as our supply of fossil fuel has been ______.
a) alternate; depleted b) guaranteed; over
c) natural; exhausted d) sufficient; increased
20) This partly explains how the Mehra family has been able to _____ its lavish life style in recent times, despite th e
fact that all its assets have been ______.
a) keep up; destroyed b) develop; liquidated
c) afford; attached d) keep; removed
21) The activities of the association have ______ from the _______ objectives set for it in the initial years.
a) grown; simple b) deviated; original
c) details; grand d) emerged; total
22) Those suffering from glaucoma find that their _______ vision is _______ and that they can no long er see
objects not directly in from of them.
a) optical; distorted b) peripheral; impaired
c) prephrastic; demurred d) peripatetic; diminished
23) _______the broker had warned him that the stock was a ________ investment, he insisted on buying a
thousand shares.
a) because; prudent b) since; negligible
c) although; precarious d) as; vulnerable
24) Due to ________ rainfall this year; they had to _______ cut in water supply.
a) scantly; lift b) heavy; regulate
c) inadequate; impose d) sufficient; enforce
25) He is so _______ that everyone is always ________ to help in his work.

a) helpful; reluctant b) aloof; co-operative
c) magnanimous; eager d) miserly; ignorant
26) Instead of______ , prove your worth by______ something.

a) begging; demanding b) talking; doing
c) worrying; paying d) writing; reading
27) The great scientist ________ himself with ability and moderation all ______ the conference.
a) felt; about b) displayed; in
c) disclosed; besides d) conducted; through
28) The speech _____ with subtle threats has resulted in ______ tension in the sensitive areas of the city.
a) started; reduced b) replete; increased
c) full; escalating d) forced; dissolving
29) The minister felt that the ______ made by the committee was _______ even though similar schemes had
worked earlier.
a) decision; gainful b) choice; profitable
c) recommendation; infeasible d) election; acceptable
30) We can _____ to travel by air, but we_______ train journey.

a) plan; enjoy b) aspire; commute
c) afford; prefer d) decide; undertook
31) He was no convinced that people were driven by _____ motives that he believed there was no such thing as a
purely ______ act.
a) personal; anti-social b) personal; eternal
c) altruistic; praiseworthy d) ulterior; selfless
32) Any system is likely to ____ for ______ of support from the public.
a) survive; lack b) succeed; reason
c) fail; want d) finish; failure
33) Since we _______ read every book, we ______ only the famous ones.
a) have; sold b) should; buy
c) cannot; select d) can; purchase
34) The education minister emphasised the need to discover and ______ each student’s ________ talents.
a) enlarge; dormant b) belittle; concealed
c) develop; intrinsic d) flourish; hidden
35) The mill workers were not _____ with their low wages and non-payment of wages for last three months _____ _
fuel to the flames.
a) good; put b) satisfied; added
c) joyful; poured d) pleased; directed
36) He is usually _______, but today he appears rather _________.

a) strict; unwell b) tense; restless
c) calm; disturbed d) happy; humourous
37) The changes made in the system were so ______ that they didn’t require any _______.
a) big; time b) genuine; intelligence
c) obvious; modifications d) certain; expertise
38) He was ________ of playing _______ and loose with the sentiments of his dearest friends.
a) complained; thick b) accused; tight
c) innocent; false d) guilty; fast
39) He granted the request because he was _______ to _____ his friend.
a) bound; hurt b) destined; agonise
c) reluctant; disappoint d) unwilling; please
40) I would like to ______ your attention to the second paragraph of my letter ________ to the terms of sale of th e
machinery.
a) invite; according b) withdraw; regarding
c) react; mainly d) draw; pertaining
41) I don’t ______ I shall be ______ to go.

a) know; wanting b) consider; desirous
c) think; able d) believe; liking
42) After several _______ attempts to ______ the rebels, Army was deployed to rout them.
a) successful; control b) abortive; subjugate
c) futile; control d) fruitless; down
43) It is pity that masses are often _______ by the_______ arguments of the politicians.
a) beguiled; specious b) pleased; false
c) deluded; illusory d) deceived; desulting
44) The ________ attitude of the Government in tackling the problem of the Army personnel has made them
_______.
a) haughty; pathetic b) adamant; afraid
c) arbitrary; restive d) uncared; restless
45) Every member of the team showered _______ on Arnav for his ______ performance.
a) praise; exceptionable b) appreciation; remarkable
c) encomium; exceptional d) approval; unique
46) Speaker after speaker _________ the _________ behaviour of the Minister with the Air Hostess.
a) blamed; unsuitable b) censured; unbecoming
c) criticised; graceless d) reproached; unmoral
47) The ________ behaviour of Principal is _______ to callousness towards the bereaved family of the teacher.
a) cruel; equal b) apathetic; tantamount
c) heartless; like d) antipathetic; compared
48) The _________ is the nickname given to any object or place according to its _______ characteristics.
a) title; clear b) sobriquet; unique
c) caption; special d) pseudonym; poetical
49) The ______ to judge the ability of a candidate is ________ laid down by Government.
a) criterion; specifically b) criteria; clearly
c) measurement; ably d) system; specially
50) The oblique _______ implied in her talk wounded the __________ of the family.
a) sarcasm; pride b) meaning; respect
c) significance; feeling d) suspicion; sentiments
ANSWERS
Dear Aspirants
Please be informed that the Chapter – Structure of Sentence is a basic topic and requires a basic
understanding. Therefore, no quiz has been provided for this chapter. Quiz has been provided in the
course for all the important chapters. You are advised to cover the same.
Regards
Team EduTap
Practice Questions
ENGLISH
Subject – Verb Agreement
50% OFF on NABARD courses

Code: NABARD50
EXERCISE - 1
1. Your friend (talk-talks) too much.
2. The man with the roses (look-looks) like your brother.
3. The women in the pool (swim-swims) well.
4. Bill (drive-drives) a cab.
5. The football players (run-runs) five miles every day.
6. That red-haired lady in the fur hat (live-lives) across the street.
7. He (cook-cooks) dinner for his family.
8. The boys (walk-walks) to school every day.
9. The weather on the coast (appear-appears) to be good this weekend.
10. The center on the basketball team (bounce-bounces) the ball too high.
11. Margo and her parents (visit-visits) each other often.
12. Either the cups or the glasses (are-is) in the dishwasher.
13. Vern and Fred (need-needs) a ride to work.
14. There (is-are) a dog, a cat, and a bird in the garage.
15. Neither Matt nor his brothers (was-were) at the party. 50% OFF on NABARD courses
Code: NABARD50
16. Here into the main ring of the circus (come-comes) the trained elephants.
17. Either the workers or the boss (deliver-delivers) the merchandise.
18. The committee (work-works) hard for better schools.
19. There (is-are) many things to do before the holidays.
20. The jury (was-were) polled for their verdicts.
21. Here (is-are) the nails you need for the projects.
22. Either Joyce or Ellen (was-were) here.
23. The United States (is-are) a country of contrast.
24. A magazine and a book (was-were) lying on the floor.
25. The family (is-are) occupied with their individual problems.
26. Each of the girls (look-looks) good on skis.
27. Everybody (was-were) asked to remain quiet.
28. Neither of the men (is-are) here yet.
29. (Is-Are) each of the girls ready to leave?
30. Several of the sheep (is-are) sick.
Code: NABARD50
31. Nobody in the class (has-have) the answer.
32 Each of the girls (observe-observes) all the regulations.
33. All of the milk (is-are) gone.
34. Most of the seats (was-were) taken.
35. Some members of the faculty (is-are) present.

Code: NABARD50
EXERCISE - 2EXERCISE-2
1. The voice of the singers ________ sweet. (was, were)
2. Slow and steady _______ the race. (win, wins)
3. A white and a black cow _________ grazing in the field. (is, are)
4. Sita, like you, _______ tall for her age, (is, are)
5. The packet, with all its contents, _____ stolen. (was, were)
6. Many a brave deed ______ done. (was, were)
7. A summons ____ served on him. (was, were)
8. The first innings _____ been played. (has, have)
9. The military ______ called out. (was, were)
10. Eight furlongs ____ equal to a mile. (is, are)
11. Your car as well as mine _______ at the door. (is, are)
12. Neither of them ______ proper etiquette. (know, knows)
13. Lamb’s Tales ____ prescribed for our examination. (is, are)
14. The price of these articles ____ gone very high. (has, have)
15. ________ mathematics a difficult subject? (is, are) Code: NABARD50
16. The host and the hostess ____ kind to me. (was, were)
17. Nothing but trees and fields ____ before our gaze. (lies, lie)
18. The Principal and Manager ____ on leave. (is, are)
19. He is one of the cleverest boys who ____ taken the test. (has, have)
20. This is the only one of his poems that _________ interesting to read. (is/are)
21. One of my friends ………………………. gone to France. (has / have)
22. Each of the boys ………………………. given a present. (was / were)
23. Neither of the contestants ………………………. able to win a decisive victory. (was / were)
24. Oil and water ………………………. not mix. (do / does)
25. He and I ………………………. at Oxford together. (was / were)
26. Slow and steady …………………….. the race. (win / wins)
27. Neither Peter nor James …………………….. any right to the property. (has / have)
28. No prize or medal ………………….. given to the boy, though he stood first in the
examination. (was / were)
29. Either Mary or Alice …………………… responsible for this. (is / are)
30. Neither the Minister nor his colleagues ………………………… 50% OFF ongiven
NABARDany explanation for
courses
this. (have / has) Code: NABARD50
EXERCISE - 3
1. Sara and Desmond is organizing the food.
2. Many of my classmates along with their parents is arriving early to decorate the party room.
3. The party start at 8:00.
4. Each of us are bringing a small gift that cost less than $10 for another person.
5. Mike, like many other students, have been trying to decide on the best gift to buy.
6. Mike is never serious; he like to make people laugh.
7. Unfortunately, all the funny things is too expensive.
8. Soo Min is making a cake, and Maria are buying some special chips.
9. Calcium, which is one of the world’s most common elements, are important for growing
strong bones and teeth.
10. Every animal require calcium for its health.
11. Calcium are also used for many other purposes.
12. As far back as Ancient Egyptian times, historians tells us of the use of calcium as a
building material.
13. In nature, calcium, an important element, are always found as a compound such as
calcium carbonate and calcium fluoride.
Code: NABARD50
14. Lack of calcium are a serious problem.
15. Calcium-deficient bones is brittle and breaks easily.
16. Older people, especially older women, frequently gets osteoporosis.
17. Osteoporosis are a condition which cause calcium deficiency in bones.
18. In Canada, one in four women over the age of fifty suffer from osteoporosis.
19. A person with osteoporosis are likely to break a bone doing simple daily activities like
walking, hugging or coughing.
20. Each osteoporosis sufferer need to eat foods high in calcium daily.
21. Milk, tofu and spinach is high in calcium.
22. Regular exercise also help prevent osteoporosis.
23. The other group that need lots of calcium are children who are growing.
24. They need calcium to help their bones and teeth grows strong.
25. Some of the patients in the country avoids the importance of calcium.

Code: NABARD50
EXERCISE-4
1. Sheetal as well as (a)/ some of her friends (b)/have fallen in love with a hunky fellow, who
(c)/ is the eldest son of an I.A.S. officer (d)/ No error (e).
2. Where was the earrings that (a)/ I left by the bathroom sink? Oh no!(b)/ That stupid cat
has swatted them(c)/ down the drain again! (d)/ No error (e).
3. Agnes never loses a single possession.(a)/ Everyone knows what belongs to her(b)/, for
each pen, pencil, and paperclip have a tiny flag attached (c)/with Agnes' full name on it.
(d)/ No error (e)
4. Someone—perhaps Emmanuel(a)/ or Paul—know the right(b)/ wine to serve with
(c)/earthworm lasagna. (d)/ No error (e)
5. These scissors (a)/ is so dull that I'm(b)/ not sure you could (c)/slice butter with them! (d)/
No error (e)
6. Physics have proven (a)/to be Jerry's easiest subject this semester. He(b)/ brings Carol, the
lab assistant, an oatmeal-raisin cookie, and,(c)/ as his reward, she finishes his report. (d)/
No error (e)
7. The good jewellery Dad (a)/gave Sara for graduation cost more (b)/than the cheap leather
wallet that David (c)/got as his reward for finishing high school. (d)/ No error (e)
Code: NABARD50
8. At Wendy's, all of the dryers (a)/gobbles six quarters (b)/ before spinning (c)/wet clothes
dry. (d)/ No error (e)
9. At Wendy's, each of the industrial washing machines (a)/rock so forcefully during the spin
cycle (b)/that new patrons dash outside, (c)/convinced that an earthquake is shaking the
building. (d)/ No error (e)
10. Everyone at Wendy's, even Myra and old Mrs. Webster(a)/, wish that she could (b)/afford
her own washer and dryer (c)/at home(d)/ No error (e).
11. Every cereal bowl and casserole (a)/dish have slipped out of Sheila’s soapy (b)/hands and
shattered on the hard tile of the kitchen floor(c)/. Sheila really needs to buy a dishwasher.
(d)/ No error (e)
12. Two cups of sliced jalapeno (a)/peppers seems extreme for a single (b)/batch of burrito
filling, but that's (c)/the amount in Felipe's recipe. (d)/ No error (e)
13. Elton’s newest pair (a)/of eyeglasses have corrected his vision so well (b)/that this young
man clearly sees the lovely Miranda (c)/sneering at his nerdy appearance. (d)/ No error (e)
14. The class disagree about the solution (a)/to the stuffy condition of the room; (b)/ten
students want to open the window, but the others remember the flood of frightened
cockroaches that poured in the (c)/last time Mr. Frampton released the window from the
frame. (d)/ No error (e) 50% OFF on NABARD courses
Code: NABARD50
15. Many an actions were(a)/ taken against (b)/the corrupt politicians (c)/ by the law in 2002.
(d)/ No error.(e)
EXERCISE-5
1. Our dog Babe, together with her seven puppies, have chewed all the stuffing out of the sofa
cushions.
2. This weekend, a Great White shark, as well as a school of barracuda, are terrorizing the
tourists at Daytona Beach.
3. Where is the bowl of squid eyeball stew and the platter of broccoli-chocolate muffins that
Madison made for Elizabeth’s housewarming party?
4. Here are the fifty-dollar bill that I promised for pet sitting Bo-Bo, my Jack Russell terrier,
this weekend.
5. Neither of my two older brothers invests money wisely.
6. Every piece of popcorn and dropped chocolate on the theater floor has stuck in the treads
of Larry’s new running shoes.
7. All that Susan wants this semester is a wink and a smile from the cute guy who sits next to
her in algebra class.
8. All that the cute guy wants this semester is the correct answers from Susan's algebra quiz.
9. Now that the cute guy has found a way to cheat, mathematics 50% OFF on NABARD
no courses
longer cause him
problems in school. Code: NABARD50
10. Mike is one of those students who never brings a pen with him to writing class.
11. The iguana is the only one of my brother's reptiles that does not require live rodents for
dinner.
12. The family have conflicting opinions about how to celebrate the holidays since they
learned that Grandpa is a space alien from a distant galaxy.
13. Seventeen dollars are all that Brenda has saved for spring break this year.
14. Two hundred buckets of sand fill the interior of Mr. Clark’s new car.
15. The flaming-orange polyester pants, together with the beehive hairdo, make Betty stand
out among the other shoppers at the mall.
16. Here is the grasshoppers that you need to give the iguana while Marvin recovers in the
hospital.
17. Wrestling on the cafeteria floor are two hungry students that want the last slice of
pepperoni pizza.
18. Not only the squid soufflé but also the fried octopus make a delicious snack to eat while
you are watching 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.
19. Mary Anne's compassion, as well as the Professor's intelligence and the Skipper's good
humor, are what Jillian most enjoys about Gilligan's Island.
Code: NABARD50
20. Each of these yo-yo champions give the same advice: you have to risk whacking yourself
in the head a few times to master the really challenging tricks.
21. Every love bug smashed on his windshield, every cockroach poisoned by insecticide, and
every trapped spider starving to death in a dusty corner causes Ernie, an aspiring
Buddhist, a pang of guilt.
22. The powdery sugar on lemon doughnuts makes Rhonda happy to start a new day.
23. Every one of Jenny's six cats enjoy relaxing on top of her new car; the paw prints create an
Art Deco design in the dust that coats the hood.
24. Lincoln is one of those people who thinks eating at Tito’s Taco Palace is an authentic
multicultural experience.
25. There is many misconceptions about gorillas; the most damaging is that these primates
are ferocious, crazed killers like King Kong.

Code: NABARD50
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

Practice Questions
ENGLISH
Nouns

Code: NABARD50
Nouns
EXERCISE - 1
1. She has many works to do.
2. The cattles are grazing.
3. She likes fruits and vegetable.
4. I have lost a five rupees note.
5. I need two dozens bananas.
6. One of his uncle is a doctor.
7. The chair’s leg is broken.
8. There is no place on the desk.
9. Mridula’s hairs are curly.
10.She gave me many advices.
11.Our teacher has sold all his furnitures.
12.Your scissor is blunt.
13.Politics are a dirty game.
14.Mohit got just passing marks. Code: NABARD50
15.The girl showered many abuses on her neighbor.
Nouns
16. My diary is full of informations.
17. Your spectacle is costly.
18. These news is true.
19. He is true to his words.
20. I have finished four-fifth of my book.
21. The judge passed order for his imprisonment.
22. The sceneries of Shimla are charming.
23. I gave the beggar five rupees.
24. Alas ! Bhoj has no off-springs.
25. Her hairs are curly.
26. The first innings are over.
27. I cannot continue my study.
28. Riches has wings.
29. A summon was issued against the Ex-Prime Minister. 50% OFF on NABARD courses
Code: NABARD50
30. This tongs need repair.
Nouns
30. This tongs need repair.
31. Your trousers is torn.
32. Many peoples were laughing at me.
33. The gentry of Delhi is unsocial.
34. I go for a two miles walk regularly.
35. Learn these poetries today.
36. He has got just passing marks.
37. Ram has ten dozens oranges.
38. Is your scissor dull?
39. I can run a four miles race.
40. The flock of geese spend most of its time in the pasture.

Code: NABARD50
Nouns
EXERCISE - 2
1. Order has been issued (A)/ for his transfer to another district(B) / but he has not received
them so far.(C) / no error.(D)
2. Although she has studied(A)/ English for almost a year(B) / she is yet to learn the
alphabets.(C)/ no error(D)
3. There are two scores of books (A) / which are lying (B)/ unused in the library(C)/ no
error(D)
4. Children are prone (A) / to making mischiefs (B) / if they have nothing to do.(C)/ no
error(D)
5. Sheeps are economically useful(A)/ and so they are reared(C)/ in the hills.(C)/ no error(D)
6. I have not gone through(A) / the letter and so I am not aware(B)/ of its content(C)/ no
error(D)
7. I shall not attend the meeting(A)/ since I have many works to complete(B)/ within allotted
time.(C)/ no error(D) 50% OFF on NABARD courses
8. You should always be(A)/ true to your words(B)/ if you are Code:to
NABARD50
succeed in life.(C)/ no
error(D)
Nouns
9. It is a pity(A)/ that even five years old boys(B)/ are engaged in hazardous factories(C)/ no
error(D)
10. I gave him (A)/ two hundred rupees notes(B) / for depositing.(C)/ no error(D)
11. It is not my business(A)/ to give an advice to those(B)/ who are not sensible enough to
deal with their own problems.(C)/ no error(D)
12. I don’t think(A)/ it is your house(B)/ it is somebody’s else.(C)/ no error(D)
13. She misplaced her spectacle(A) / and is now feeling (B)/ great difficulty in studying(C)/ no
error(D)
14. Arabian nights are(A)/ a collection of(B)/ very interesting episodes of adventure,(C)/ no
error.(D)
15. I hope to visit(A)/ my uncle only next year(B)/ during summer vacations(C)/ no error(D)
16. Ration has run out (A)/ and the District Magistrate(B)/ has been informed(C)/ no error(D)

Code: NABARD50
Nouns
17. The table’s wood(A)/ is infested with mite(B)/ and I am likely to dispose it off(C)/ no
error(D)
18. The morale of the army(A)/ was high because the news(B)/ coming from the front are very
encouraging.(C)/ no error(D)
19. I can’t come to you now (A)/ because a lot of works(B)/ remains to be done.(C)/ no
error(D)
20. A farmer was leading oxes(A)/ to his field for ploughing(B)/ early in the morning.(C)/ no
error(D)
21. One of the most(A)/ widely spread bad habit(B)/ is the use of tobacco.(C)/ no error(D)
22. Recently I visited Kashmir(A)/ and found the sceneries(B)/ to be marvelous(C)/ no
error(D)
23. All the furnitures have been(A)/ sent to the new house(B)/ located in a village.(C)/ no
error(D)
24. The crowd of the angry students(A)/ordered the (B)/ closing of on
50% OFF shops(C)/ no error(D)
NABARD courses
25. They left)A)/ their luggages(B)/ at the railway station(C)/ noCode: NABARD50
error(D)
Nouns
26. The bus could not(A)/ ascend the steep hill(B)/ because it was in the wrong gears.(C)/ no
error(D)
27. The Indian force(A)/ drove away(B)/ the Chinese.(C)/ no error(D)
28. His mouth watered(A)/ when he saw(B)/ a bouquet of grapes.(C)/ no error(D)
29. My brother-in-laws(A)/ who live in Mumbai have come(B)/ to stay with us(C)/ no error(D)
30. These kind of shirts(A)/ are rather expensive (B)/ for him to buy(C)/ no error(D)
31. You can get(A)/ all the informations(B)/ you want in this book.(C)/ no error(D)
32. This article(A)/ is not available(B)/ in any of the shop in the market(C)/ no error(D)
33. Students should not take part(A)/ in party politics and political demonstrations(B)/ as
they interfere in serious study.(C)/ no error(D)

Code: NABARD50
Nouns
34. The flock of lions(A)/ roamed about(B)/ fearlessly in the jungle.(C)/ no error(D)
35. What (A)/ is the criteria(B) of selection in the examination.(C)/ no error(D)
36. Have you deposited(A)/ the proceed(B)/ in the bank or not?(C) / no error(D)
37. Some of the (A)/ students has not (B)/ taken the exam. (C) / no error(D)
38. Most of the knowledge (A)/ are (B)/ gained by experience. (C) / no error(D)
39. More than two thieves (A)/ has been caught (B)/ red handed. (C) / no error(D)
40. One-third (A)/ of the students (B)/ has passed (C) / no error (D)

Code: NABARD50
Nouns
EXERCISE - 3
1) The Indian team (a)/ defeated (b)/ the Australian (c) by an inning. (d)/ No error (e)
2) They left (a)/ their luggages (b)/ at the railway (c)/ station. (d)/ No error (e)
3) The customer (a)/ handed over (b)/ a hundred rupees note (c)/ to the shopkeeper. (d)/ No
error (e)
4) Recently I (a)/ visited Jamashedpur (b)/ and found the sceneries (c)/ to be marvellous. (d)/
No error (e)
5) A trained (a)/ gang of sailors (b)/ was employed (c)/ on the shop. (d)/ No error (e)
6) These kind (a)/ of shirts (b)/ are rather expensive (c)/ for him to buy. (d)/ No error (e)
Code: NABARD50
7) Her mouth (a)/ watered (b)/ when she saw (c)/ a bouquet of grapes. (d)/ No error (e)
Nouns
8) My brother-in-laws (a)/ who live in Mumbai (b)/ have come (c)/ to stay with us. (d)/ No
error (e)
9) All the furnitures have been (a)/ sent to the new house (b)/ located (c)/ in a village. (d)/ No
error (e)
10) The sound of (a)/ a gun shot (b)/ scattered (c)/ the flock of birds. (d)/ No error (e)
11) The team members (a)/ should listen (b)/ to the advices (c)/ given by the captain and the
manager. (d)/ No error (e)
12) The Hindus, the Muslims, the Sikhs and the Christians (a)/ are brothers (b)/ so they love
(c)/ one another. (d)/ No error (e)
13) Shakuni, (a)/ the maternal uncle of the Kauravas, (b)/50%

wasOFFan
on expert
NABARD (c)/ in the game of
courses
dies. (d)/ No error (e) Code: NABARD50
Nouns
14) Sachin Tendulkar (a)/ scored (b)/ more than (c)/ ten thousands runs. (d)/No error (e)
15) The law of indexes (a)/ proves (b)/ very helpful (c)/ in algebraic calculations. (d)/ No error
(e)
16) The practices (a)/ of the lawyers (b)/ varies (c)/ from that of the doctors. (d)/ No error (e)
17) The idea that shook (a)/ the whole world was (b)/ published in one (c)/ of the unknown
journal. (d)/ No error (e)
18) Aditi was unable (a)/ to support her parent (b)/ even though both of them (c)/ had no
income of their own. (d)/ No error (e)
19) The disclosure of the synopsis of (a)/ the Thakkar Commission Report (b)/ on the
assassination f Mrs. Gandhi (c)/ has raised several vital question. (d)/
50% OFF on No error
NABARD (e)
courses
Code: NABARD50
Nouns
20) I lived (a)/ in a three-hundred years (b)/ old house (c)/ in Mumbai. (d)/ No error (e)
21) He knows many languages (a)/ but the German and (b)/ the Chinese alphabet (c)/ will be
a problem for him. (d)/ No error (e)
22) Mr. Khanna gave me (a)/ two important informations (b)/ I had been waiting for (c)/ the
previous six months. (d)/ No error (e)
23) The Cotton Textile Company (a)/ cannot work properly (b)/ unless it employs (c)/ a
talented sale-representative. (d)/ No error (e)
24) Mr. Narendra Thakur had been (a)/ suffering from (b)/ diabeteses for (c)/ the last ten
years. (d)/ No error (e)
25) It is harmful (a)/ to take cupsful (b)/ of coffee (c)/ eight 50%
times
OFFaonday. (d)/courses
NABARD No error (e)
Code: NABARD50
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

Practice Questions
ENGLISH
Pronouns

Code: NABARD50
Pronouns
EXERCISE – 1
1) None of (a)/ the two sisters (b)/ has paid (c)/ her tuition fees. (d)/ No error (e)
2) Neither of (a)/ the five women (b)/ has a choice (c)/ of her own. (d)/ No error (e)
3) Anyone of (a)/ the two wives (b)/ is dominated (c)/ by her husband. (d)/ No error (e)
4) He (a)/ could not meet (b)/ either of his three brothers (c)/ at home. (d)/ No error (e)
5) None of (a)/ the two ministers (b)/ was available (c)/ for comments. (d)/ No error (e)
6) Each of (a)/ the members had (b)/ their own opinion (c)/ about it. (d)/ No error (e)
7) She was (a)/ more beautiful (b)/ than (c)/ either of her three sisters. (d)/ No error (e)
8) Each of (a)/ the six boys in the class (b)/ has finished (c)/ their task. (d)/ No error (e)
9) Neither Aditya (a)/ nor Rudransh (b)/ has done (c)/ their work. (d)/ No error (e)
10) Either the engineer (a)/ or his mechanics (b)/ failed (c)/ in his duty. (d)/ No error (e)
Pronouns
EXERCISE – 2
1) They loved (a)/ theirself so much (b)/ that they thought (c)/ of no one else. (d)/ No error (e)
2) She (a)/ liked the diamond (b)/ herselves but (c)/ not the setting. (d)/ No error (e)
3) A house (a)/ divided against (b)/ itself (c)/ cannot stand. (d)/ No error (e)
4) Some people (a)/ are always (b)/ talking about (c)/ themselves. (d)/ No error (e)
5) He (a)/ that wrongs (b)/ his friend wrongs (c)/ hisself more. (d)/ No error (e)
6) Whosoever (a)/ shall exalt (b)/ himselves (c)/ shall be abased. (d)/ No error (e)
7) I hope (a)/ that (b)/ you are both (c)/ enjoyed ourself. (d)/ No error (e)
8) We (a)/ went to Mumbai (b)/ and (c)/ enjoyed ourself. (d)/ No error (e)
Pronouns
9) You (a)/ should (b)/ avail of (c)/ the opportunity. (d)/ No error (e)
10) He has (a)/raised hisself (b)/ in the eyes of (c)/ his teachers. (d)/ No error (e)
11) Mr. Jha (a)/ and myself (b)/ were (c)/ present there. (d)/ No error (e)
12) She (a)/ bought apples (b)/ for Aditi (c)/ and myself. (d)/ No error (e)
13) No one (a)/ can be (b)/ more honest (c)/ than himself. (d)/ No error (e)
14) The barber shaves (a)/ all the people in the town (b)/ who don’t (c)/ shave theirself. (d)/ No
error (e)
15) The author himselves (a)/ is good (b)/ but not (c)/ his friends. (d)/ No error (e)
Pronouns
EXERCISE – 3
1) Both girls (a)/ are bold, (b)/ but this is (c)/ bolder than those. (d)/ No error (e)
2) The doors (a)/ of this classroom (b)/ are larger than (c)/ that of that (d)/ No error (e)
3) These (a)/ kind of (b)/ books are (c)/ authentic. (d)/ No error (e)
4) These frocks (a)/ are hers, (b)/ but that shirts (c)/ are his. (d)/ No error (e)
5) The students (a)/ of this class (b)/ are wider than (c)/ that of that (d)/ No error (e)
6) The roads (a)/ of Kankarbagh (b)/ are wider than (c)/ Rajendra Nagar. (d)/ No error (e)
7) Alcohol and tobacco (a)/ are both injurious; (b)/ this perhaps, (c)/ less than those. (d)/ No
error (e)
8) Our soldiers (a)/ were better (b)/ drilled than (c)/ that of enemies. (d)/ No error (e)
9) The climate of (a)/ Belgium (b)/ is like (c)/ that of Pune. (d)/ No error (e)
10) Cows and horses (a)/ are both useful animals; (b)/ these carry us from one place to
another, (c)/ and-that give us milk. (d)/ No error (e)
Pronouns
EXERCISE – 4
1) No one (A)/ should (b)/ oppress (c)/ their neighbours. (d)/ No error (e)
2) Everyone (a)/ should (b)/ help (c)/ one’s friend. (d)/ No error (e)
3) One can rise in life (a)/ only when one puts forth one’s best (b)/ not only for himself and (c)/
one’s family but also for others. (d)/ No error (e)
4) One (a)/ must (b)/ not be blind (c)/ to his own defects. (d)/ No error (e)
5) Anybody (a)/ can get (b)/ their health (c)/ checked up in a hospital. (d)/ No error (e)
6) He gained (a)/ a prize last year (b)/ but he did not gain (c)/ ones this term. (d)/ No error (e)
7) There were (a)/ six lazy boys (b)/ and four industrious one (c)/ in our class. (d)/ No error (e)
8) Anyone (a)/ can (b)/ do this (c)/ if he tries. (d)/ No error (e)
9) One of them (a)/ has (b)/ given up (c)/ one’s studies. (d)/ No error (e)
10) One (a)/ must do (b)/ one’s duty (c)/ to his country. (d)/ No error (e)
Pronouns
EXERCISE – 5
1) The man (a)/ who they thought (b)/ to be a gentleman (c)/ is a rogue. (d)/ No error (e)
2) This is (a)/ one of the best suggestions (b)/ which have ever been (c)/ made by you. (d)/ No
error (e)
3) This is (a)/ the only one of his comments (b)/ that (c)/ deserve our attention. (d)/ No error (e)
4) This is (a)/ not such treatment (b)/ that (c)/ I expected. (d)/ No error (e)
5) May I (a)/ know (b)/ who you want (c)/ to see please? (d)/ No error (e)
6) A woman can do (a)/ everything (b)/ what a man (c)/ can do. (d)/ No error (e)
7) She told him that (a)/ she didn’t want to marry him, (b)/ what in my opinion (c)/ was very
silly of her. (d)/ No error (e)
8) Those applicants (a)/ which the selection committee recommends (b)/ for interview (c)/
should be contacted without delay. (d)/ No error (e)
Pronouns
9) She is (a)/ one of the few people (b)/ whom I think (c)/ might be good at the job. (d)/ No
error (e)
10) Students (a)/ which fail in the exam (b)/ have to take (c)/ the course again. (d)/ No error (e)
11) Mr. Thakur (a)/ which violated (b)/ the agreement(c)/ shall be liable for prosecution. (d)/
No error (e)
12) Whomever (a)/ will violate (b)/ these rules of law (c)/ shall be punished. (d)/ No error (e)
13) I will (a)/ take with me (b)/ whosoever (c)/ you choose. (d)/ No error (e)
14) There is (a)/ no man (b)/ who knows (c)/ these things. (d)/ No error (e)
15) What (a)/ is there (b)/ that (c)/ I do not know? (d)/ No error (e)
16) I hate (a)/ everybody and everything who (b)/ reminds me (c)/ of my mistakes. (d)/ No error
(e)
Pronouns
17) The terrorist (a)/ which was chained (b)/ grumble at the D.S. P. (c)/ who was taking him to
prison. (d)/ No error (e)
18) This is the same (a)/ dog which barked (b)/ at my son but fortunately did not (c)/ bite him.
(d)/ No error (e)
19) I (a)/ don’t like (b)/ that you told (c)/ my mother last night. (d)/ No error (e)
20) Don’t respect (a)/ such persons (b)/ who have no respect (c)/ for elders. (d)/ No error (e)
21) The only person (a)/ who can read and write (b)/ English well (c)/ is my friend. (d)/ No
error (e)
22) It is (a)/ difficult to say (c)/ who is the better (c)/ of the two brothers. (d)/ No error (e)
23) It (a)/ is the best (b)/ which we can do (c)/ in the present circumstances. (d)/ No error (e)
24) An old man (a)/ had four sons (b)/ whom he loved (c)/ very much. (d)/ No error (e)
25) He (a)/ bought a house (b)/ the price of which (c)/ was five lakh rupees. (d)/ No error (e)
Pronouns
EXERCISE – 6
1) Your state (a)/ is rich (b)/ but mine (c)/ No error (e)
2) The Director of (a)/ Directorate of Distance Education (b)/ has given its consent (c)/ to join
the meeting. (d)/ No error (e)
3) Mr. Shukla introduced (a)/ to the principal (b)/ as the monitor (c)/ of the class. (d)/ No error
(e)
4) This is the same (a)/ dog which barked (b)/ at her but fortunately did not (c)/ bite her. (d)/
No error (e)
5) The principal (a)/ as well as the teachers (b)/ absented themselves (c)/ from the office. (d)/
No error (e)
6) As a teacher of (a)/ Mathematics (b)/ you are far better (c)/ than him. (d)/ No error (e)
7) Ours are (a)/ the same problems (b)/ that (c)/ yours. (d)/ No error (e)
8) The educational institutions (a)/ of Patna are more (b)/ expensive than (c)/ that of
Darbhanga. (d)/ No error (e)
Pronouns
9) Zakir lent me some (a)/ rupees on the condition (b)/ that I should return the same (c)/
before September. (d)/ No error (e)
10) You and I (a)/ have done (b)/ my best in (c)/ the examination. (d)/ No error (e)
11) He says (a)/ it is his problems (b)/ but you say it is (c)/ your also. (d)/ No error (e)
12) The hotels of (a)/ Kolkata are (b)/ cheaper than (c)/ Patna. (d)/ No error (e)
13) Each member (a)/ and each worker (b)/ has given (c)/ their consent. (d)/ No error (e)
14) Veena is (a)/ thinner than (b)/ either of her (c)/ four sisters. (d)/ No error (e)
15) The candidates (a)/ who we have (b)/ selected are (c)/ smart young and ambitious. (d)/ No
error (e)
16) This is (a)/ one of the best (b)/ suggestions that (c)/ have ever been made by you. (d)/ No
error (e)
Pronouns
17) Sweta bought (a)/ a beautiful pen (b)/ and gave the same (c)/ to her sister. (d)/ No error (e)
18) The more you (a)/ read this book (b)/ the more you (c)/ will like this. (d)/ No error (e)
19) Your father (a)/ does not like (b)/ you going (c)/ to the pictures every day. (d)/ No error (e)
20) Whom did (a)/ you say (b)/ was knocking at (c)/ the door. (d)/ No error (e)
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

Practice Questions
ENGLISH
Verbs

Code: NABARD50
Verbs
1) The students were nervous (a)/ as the exam did not begun (b)/ on time. (c)/
No error
2) The teacher was scolded the students (a)/ as none of them completed (b)/
their homework on time. (c)/ No error
3) Various species of birds (a)/can be saw during (b)/ the monsoon season in
northern part of India. (c)/ No error
4) Been it a rainy day, (a)/ they had to cancel the plan (b)/ of going to picnic.
(c)/ No error
5) I was got defeated (a)/ by my best friend (b)/ in the online typing speed test.
(c)/ No error
Verbs
6) All children are (a)/ ought to be obedient (b)/ to their parents. (c)/ No error
7) India should and must appeal (a) to all the countries to (b)/ declare Pakistan
a terror state. (c)/ No error
8) Sudeep must attended the class (a)/ regularly else he will not to be (b)/
allowed to sit in the final examinations. (c)/ No error
9) You need not to worry (a)/ about the exam fees (b)/ as I have already paid it.
(c)/ No error
10) Mukul has (a)/ and will always (b)/ be my friend. (c)/ No error
Verbs
11) Three people were arrested (a)/ by the police but (b)/ one released. (c)/ No
error
12) Yesterday I founded (a)/ that my friend stole (b)/ the money from my purse.
(c)/ No error
13) In many Asian countries, people are (a)/ hung till death in public (b)/ areas
in order to spread fear. (c)/ No error
14) Vikas lost control over himself (a)/ as he had drunken too much (b)/ in the
new year party. (c)/ No error
15) The police have been trying (a)/ to find out the bus which (b)/ sunken in
the lake last night. (c)/ No error
Verbs
16) I remember (a)/ to post the letter (b)/ to my mother. (c)/ No error
17) I will remember (a)/ posting the letter (b)/ to my mother. (c)/ No error
18) Everyone knew (a)/ that he lied about not (b)/ knowing to ride a
motorcycle. (c)/ No error
19) The kids started to weep (a)/ loudly as they watched (b)/ their parents go.
(c)/ No error
20) Everyone enjoyed Sneha’s company (a)/ as she made (b)/ everyone to laugh
on her jokes. (c)/ No error
Verbs
21) I had better (a) studied than (b)/ play with my friends. (c)/ No error
22) You had better (a)/ exercise than (b)/ to run aimlessly. (c)/ No error
23) He came to watch (a)/ a movie at my house and (b)/ did nothing but
sleeping all day. (c)/ No error
24) Having been finished (a)/ his homework, Sonu went (b)/ to play with his
friends. (c)/ No error
25) Walking on the empty (a)/ streets of the city, (b)/ a dog attacked and bit
him. (c)/ No error
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

Practice Questions
ENGLISH
Tenses

Code: NABARD50
Tenses
EXERCISE – 1
Supply the correct form of the Past Tense of the verbs given in the brackets:
1) It ……… when we ….. the station. (rain, reach)
2) My wife …… tea while I …….. a letter. (prepare, write)
3) When we …….., they …… dinner. (arrive, have)
4) A large crowd ….. at the station when the Railway Minister …………. (wait, arrive)
5) I ……. his letter a week ago. (receive)
6) He …….. school last year. (leave)
7) He …… English in Patna. (learn)
8) We ……. to the radio all evening. (listen)
9) The light ……. out while I …….. (go, read)
10) When I ……. her, She …….. hockey. (see, play)
Tenses
11) He always …….. (grumble) at his bad luck.
12) Babar ……….. Rana Sanga at Kanwaha. (defeat)
13) When I …….. out early this morning, the sun ……. (set, shine)
14) His wife …….. her finger while she …… the bread. (cut, butter)
15) He did not talk while you …….. your food. (eat)
16) Naresh, his wife and children ………. to see us only ten minutes ago. (come)
17) Alexander ………. India two thousand years ago. (invade)
18) When I ……. him, he ……. and …… a cigarette at the same time. (see, sing, smoke)
19) When she ……. to the radio last night, she …….. a loud sound. (listen, hear)
20) A young beautiful girl ……. off the train while it ..….. (jump, run)
Tenses
21) Whenever she ……. Mumbai, she ….. to see the Gateway of India. (visit, go)
22) It …… half an hour ago. (rain)
23) My son …… his homework while his mother …….. the lunch. (finish, cook)
24) From morning till late at night yesterday, he …… the Mahabharata. (read)
25) She ……. her fees yesterday. (pay)
Tenses
EXERCISE – 2
Insert in the blank spaces in the sentences below the Past or the Present Perfect Tense
of the verb given in the brackets:
1) We ….. each other for the past five years. (know)
2) He ….. never …….. alcoholic liquor. (drink)
3) Our publisher …… a new car. (purchase)
4) I …….. the Golghar. (see)
5) I ……. my dinner. (have)
6) He …… for eight hours yesterday. (sleep)
7) He …… his dinner an hour ago. (have)
8) He …… for six hours last night. (sleep)
9) My grandmother ……. eight years ago. (die)
10) The train ……… just now. (arrive)
Tenses
11) Someone …….. the chair. (break)
12) He ……… that film last week. (see)
13) I suppose you …….. the latest news. Pintoo …….. Kavita yesterday. (hear, marry)
14) When he …… her, she ……… asleep in her chair. (see, sit)
15) He …….. her letter a few days ago but he ……. not ….. to it yet. (receive, reply)
Tenses
EXERCISE – 3
Supply the correct Past Tense of the verbs in brackets:
1) The rain …… when she …….. to see me. (stop, come)
2) I ……. my work when Raman …… to see her (finish, come)
3) The patient ……. before the doctor …….. (die, arrive)
4) The train ……. before we …….. the station. (leave, reach)
5) He ……. for a walk after he ……… his dinner. (go, eat)
6) The sun ……. before we set out. (rise)
7) He died after he …….. ill for a long time. (be)
8) My daughter ….. all the fruit before I ……. back. (eat. get)
9) My father …… to see me only a month ago. (come)
10) They …….. home after they ……. their work. (go, finish)
Tenses
EXERCISE – 4
Insert the correct form of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense (form) of the verb given
in brackets:
1) It …….. since ten o’ clock. (rain)
2) He ……. here for almost half an hour. (wait)
3) The door bell ……. for the past five minutes. (ring)
4) They …… here since seven o’clock this morning. (play)
5) Mr. Thakur ……. in Patna since August, 1989. (live)
6) I …… in the post office for five years. (work)
7) He is tired because he …….. in the garden since eight o’clock. (dig)
8) How long ……… you …….. for her? (wait)
9) Since when …….. the students …… the match? (play)
10) We …… our lessons for two hours. (learn)
Tenses
EXERCISE – 5
Fill in the blanks with for or since:
1) He has been reading this book …….. the last three years.
2) My younger brother has been sleeping …… eight hours.
3) My wife has been working ……. Five o’clock this morning.
4) They have not been here ….. two weeks.
5) Your classmate has been ill ……. a long time.
6) It has been raining ……… yesterday morning.
7) I have been waiting for this book …… last November.
8) We have been waiting here ……. an hour and a half.
9) Mr. Thakur has been living in this town ……. August, 1989.
10) I have not seen her ……. the past six months.
Tenses
11) The publisher has not seen me ……. Sunday.
12) At that time he had been writing a book ……. four months.
13) When Mr. Tandon came to the school in 2000, Mr. Jha had already been teaching there
……. five years.
14) By next October they will have been living here ……… the last two years.
15) You have been here ……. Monday.
16) I left college in 1993. He hasn’t seen me …….
17) He has worked for us ever ……. he left school.
18) He travelled in the desert …….. a long period
19) She has been learning music …….. two months.
20) Sweta has been studying in Patna Women’s College …….. last year.
Tenses
21) You have been learning English Grammar …… many days.
22) She has been playing carom ……. morning.
23) The parcel has been lying here ………. several days.
24) My mother had been fasting ……. four weeks when the doctor came.
25) They have lived in Mumbai …… 1990.

Tenses
EXERCISE – 6
Use the correct form of the Future Tense of the verb given in the brackets:
1) He …….. to the cinema tomorrow. (go)
2) My son …….. five next June. (be)
3) I …….. for her when she returns home. (wait)
4) He …….. this exercise by 8 o’clock. (finish)
5) You ……. your father before I see you again. (meet)
6) Nobody …….. anything from you when you go home this afternoon. (ask)
7) He …….. the station before the train departs. (reach)
8) They ……. preparations for the marriage for three months by the time you arrive. (make)
9) You ……… English for three years by the end of this year. (learn)
10) I …….. in Kolkata for six years by the end of this month. (live)
Tenses
EXERCISE – 7
Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of the verb given in the brackets:
1) He …….. to college everyday. (goes/going)
2) My young brother ……. to Mumbai last month. (go/went)
3) He ……… from fever since last night. (has suffered/has been suffering)
4) He …….. just now. (has arrived/arrived)
5) I …… working for two hours. (have been/am)
6) I …… in Patna since 1993. (have lived/lived)
7) The Mughals …….. the battle of Panipat. (have won/won)
8) Stephenson ……… the steam engine. (has invented/invented)
9) Mahatma Gandhi ……. in 1948. (has died/died)
10) She …… before her husband came. (had died/died)
Tenses
11) The train had left before they ……. the station. (reached/will reach)
12) They will play cricket if the principal …….. them. (allow/allowed)
13) He ……… a letter yet. (has not written/did not write)
14) When I ……… my work, is shall take rest. (finished/finish)
15) He told me that she ……….. for seven days. (had been ill/was ill)
16) Bhavna will have reached home before the sun ……… (will set/sets)
17) Ajit and Rekha ……. to the cinema last night. (have gone/went)
18) It …….. for five hours. (has been raining/is raining)
19) Five plus five ……. Ten. (make/makes)
20) My elder daughter ………. Born in 2002. (was/is)
Tenses
21) I ……… the Red Fort. (have never seen/never saw)
22) Does he …….. fast? (run/runs)
23) The Earth ……… round the Sun. (moved/moves)
24) Who ……… the Taj Mahal? (builds/built)
25) She ……. That film already. (has seen/saw)
26) How did they ……… to Jajuar? (come/came)
27) Tendulkar generally …….. very well. (plays/played)
28) But today he …….. very badly. (is playing/plays)
29) The Sun ……… in the east. (rises/rose)
30) I was born in 1972. I first ………. to college in 1986. (had gone/went)
Tenses
31) Ice ……… at 0°C. (melts/is meeting)
32) By this time tomorrow I ……… home. (shall reach/shall have reached)
33) All that ………. is not gold. (glitters/is glittering)
34) Columbus ……… America. (had discovered/discovered)
35) He ……….. absent for a long time. (is/has been)
36) I saw her when she ………. for the bus. (waited/was waiting)
37) The lion ……… by Anup. (was killed/killed)
38) Did you ……… her? (see/saw)
39) I ………. college before the bell rang. (reached/had reached)
40) My father-in-law ………… for Patna next week. (leaves/left)
Tenses
41) The Prime Minister ……. Here tomorrow. (comes/came)
42) While I was reading, My daughter ……… (was crying/cried)
43) My father ………… up at 4 o’clock everyday. (gets/is getting)
44) I wish I ………. The Chief Minister of Bihar. (was/were)
45) When I reached the station, the train …….. left. (has/had)
46) If you …… here, I shall teach you. (come/will come)
47) Binay …….. a prose now. (reads/is reading)
48) He ………. just ……… out. (has gone/goes)
49) Hard work ……. success. (brings/brought)
50) If I ……… a king, I would be happy. (was/were)
Tenses
51) My brother ………. twenty five next year. (will be/is)
52) His daughter ……….. to the zoo every Sunday. (goes/went)
53) Oil ……… on water. (floats/floated)
54) The school …… in July every year. (will reopen/reopens)
55) It is time we ……… playing cricket. (started/were starting)
56) I don’t know who ………. her up. (bring/brought)
57) If you ……….. hard, you will succeed. (work/will work)
58) At present he ………. to his teacher. (talks/is talking)
59) Newton ……… the laws of gravitation. (discovered/had discovered)
60) She ……….. for a walk every morning. (goes/went)
Tenses
61) Mr. U. Jha ……… a newspaper daily. (is reading/reads)
62) By the end of this year she ……….. in the office for fourteen. (will have been working/will be
working)
63) You …….. heard about the assassination of Mrs. Gandhi. (will have/had)
64) The Police ………. the robbers by next year. (will have caught/will catch)
65) He ……… doing this work till the end of this month. (will be/is)
66) When he gets home, his children ……….. . (will be sleeping/will sleep)
67) At this time tomorrow, he ……… a newspaper. (will be reading/will read)
68) It …….. to rain. (is going/goes)
69) He ……… to die. (is/will)
70) You ………. to accept the challenge of time. (have/had)
Tenses
71) He ……… to his brother’s house this afternoon. (is going/goes)
72) Our examination ………. in March. (is commencing/commences)
73) Veena …….. to Mumbai next year. (goes/went)
74) I ………. a motorcycle when the price comes down. (shall buy/buy)
75) She said that she ……… walking for two hours. (has been/had been)
76) He said that he ……….. writing a novel. (had been/has been)
77) Had the teacher not come, the students ………. (would have studied/studied)
78) Mukesh said that he ……… to bring the textbook. (had forgotten/forgot)
79) Sweta said that she ………. Her book in the school. (had lost/lost)
80) The director had come out of the office before I …….. (arrived/arrive)
Tenses
81) The students ………. Before the teacher came. (had stood up/stood up)
82) My father said that he …….. to Darbhanga. (is going/was going)
83) My beloved said that she ………… for the U.P.S.C. examination. (was preparing/had been
preparing)
84) While I was writing this book, my daughter ………… (was weeping/wept)
85) While she was cooking. I ………. listening to the radio. (was/had been)
86) I ………. to my friends yesterday evening. (was talking/talked)
87) The teacher said that labour never ……… invain. (goes/went)
88) He said that the Sun ………. In the west. (sets/set)
89) Mr. Pandey said that he ……… to establish an institution. (wanted/wants)
90) While Abhay …….. on the bed, a snake bit him. (was sleeping/slept)
Tenses
91) While my wife was listening to the radio, I ……. (arrived/was arriving)
92) It is time he ……. to see the theatre. (goes/went)
93) He behaves as if he ……. my boss. (was/were)
94) Mother Teressa ………..to help the helpless. (used/had used)
95) He often …….. me to dinner. (invites/invited)
96) I ……… some books on Tuesday last. (bought/buy)
97) My uncle ……… a year ago. (died/dies)
98) Mr. Advani ……… to America last month. (goes/went)
99) She ………… yet. (has not come/did not come)
100) The train ……….. already ……… (has left/left)
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

Practice Questions
ENGLISH
Tenses

Code: NABARD50
Tenses
EXERCISE – 1
Fill in the blanks with correct tense of the verb –
1) The more he earned, the more he ……. to earn. (to want)
2) He worked hard so that he ……… win the first prize in English. (may or might)
3) He said that he ……. write to you on Monday. (will or would)
4) I thought I …… you yesterday. (to see)
5) We eat so that we ……. Live. (may or might)
6) She ran lest she …… miss the train. (shall or should)
7) He would succeed if he ……….. (to try)
8) You may sit wherever you ………. (to like)
9) We shall wait here until you ……… (to come)
10) He ran because he ……….. in a hurry. (to be)
Tenses
11) I waited for my friend until he ……. (to come)
12) I left this place as soon as I …….. the news. (to hear)
13) You know that the story ………. not true. (to be)
14) They have told us that the film ………. not good. (to be)
15) He will think that she ……… hard. (to work)
16) They are saying that they ……….. the match. (will win or would win)
17) The teacher taught us that the earth ……… round. (to be)
18) He learnt from his experience that pride ……… a fall. (has/had)
19) He was contented although he …….. poor. (to be)
20) She likes you better than she ….. me. (to like)
Tenses
21) He has worked hard so that he ………… succeed. (may or might)
22) He respected his teacher more than he ………. his own parents.
(to respect)
23) She will like me as well as she …….. him. (to like)
24) Just as he …….. the room, the clock struck. (to enter)
25) Whenever we …….., we talk of old times. (to meet)
26) The teacher told the students that two and two ………. four. (to make)
27) I would not attempt it if you ……… me. (to ask)
28) I never thought that I ………. him again. (should see or shall see)
29) They climbed higher so that they ……… a better view. (may get or might get)
30) He valued his friendship more than he ……… mine. (to value)
Tenses
EXERCISE – 2
Find out the error part of the following sentences:
1) I /shall forgive you/if you told me/the truth./No error
2) She loves me / more than / she loved / her own brother. / No error
3) The teacher / taught us / that / God was almighty. / No error
4) He was / so tired / that he can / barely stand./ No error
5) She / worked / so that / she may not fail./ No error
6) He / lost / more than / he can afford./ No error
7) They come / to see us / as often as / they could./ No error
8) He came / upon me / suddenly as / if he dropped from the sky. / No error

Tenses
9) He / is working hard / so that / he might succeed./ No error
10) He / helped that orphan / more than / he had helped his own children. / No error
11) His health / has improved / since / he leaves India. / No error
12) The notice / was published / in order that / all may know the facts. / No error
13) I then saw him / often / than I have seen / him now. / No error
14) He had worked / hard so that / he may / succeed./ No error
15) He / replied / that / he will come./ No error
16) He / hinted / that / he wants money./ No error

Tenses
17) I hope / you make up your mind / so that / such a thing never will happen again./ No error
18) He is disappointed with the result /so he had decided / to give up / all further trial./ No error
19) He tried / how many miles / he can walk / in an hour./ No error
20) It / was settled / that / I shall do this./ No error

THANKS
ALL THE BEST

Practice Questions
ENGLISH
Modals

Code: NABARD50
Modals
EXERCISE – 1
1.There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You __________ buy any.
a. Shouldn’t b. Mustn’t c. Needn’t d. May not
2.I __________ speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Morocco. Now, I
__________ just say a few things in the language.
a. May, might b. Could, can c. Would, will d. Can, could
3. Take an umbrella. It __________ rain later.
a. Will b. Should c. May d. Might
4.Drivers __________ stop when the traffic lights are red.
a. Should b. Might c. Must d. Will
5.How ______ you have left the bathroom in such a mess?
a. Couldn’t b. Might c. Could d. Will
6. Mat ______ be lazy but he is certainly not stupid.
a. Needn’t b. Mustn’t c. Should d. May
Modals
7. I ______ speak Swedish, Dutch and Japanese.
a. Can b. May c. Should d. Shouldn’t
8.I think we are lost. The man ______ have given us the wrong directions
a. Might b. Should c. Would d. Will
9.You ______ be serious about swimming outdoors in winter.
a. Would b. Can’t c. Could d. Might
10. Plants ______ have sunlight in order to make food.
a. Can b. May c. Must d. Will
11. Since our bags are identical you ______ have taken mine by mistake.
a. Can b. Will c. Shall d. Could
12. Parents ______ take care of their children.
a. May b. Ought to c. Mustn’t d. Shouldn’t
Modals
13. ______ you excuse me for a moment?
a. Would b. Should c. Must d. Needn’t
14. She ______ stay up late if she takes a nap now.
a. Mustn’t b. Shouldn’t c. Can d. Used to
15. The rules say that you ______ bring along your identity card to the examination hall.
a. Will b. Used to c. Would d. Need to
16. He ______ take care of himself before he fell ill.

a. Could b. Might c. May d. Must
17. My father ______ carry me on his shoulders when I was a child.
a. Can b. Would c. Should d. May
18. She was driving so fast that she ______ stop in time.
a. Can’t b. Needn’t c. Couldn’t d. Shouldn’t
Modals
19. That lady ______ be Jenny. She is fatter.
a. May b. Mustn’t c. Should d. Can’t
20. ______ you get well soon!
a. Can b. Will c. May d. Would
21. The rain has stopped so you ______ put on your raincoat.
a. Needn’t b. Can’t c. Shouldn’t d. Should
22. Why did you push her? She ______ have fallen and hurt her.
a. Can b. Could c. Shall d. Should
23. We ______ share a room but he has moved out now.
a. Will b. Shall c. Used to d. May
24. If people ______ live forever the world ______ be overcrowded.
a. May, must b. Will, would c. Must, should d. Could, would
Modals
25. I've lost one of my gloves. I ______ it somewhere.
a. Must drop b. Must have dropped c. Must be dropping d. Must have been
dropping
26. Mrs. Tay ______ leave for Bangkok tomorrow for a business meeting.
a. Must b. Will c. Had to d. Use to
27. I ______ take a holiday after working tirelessly on this project.
a. Have to b. Need to c. Will d. Must
28. You ______ have made a list of all your requirements. Then, you would not have
forgotten anything.
a. Can b. Could c. Might d. Ought to
29. The students ______ finish the test on time despite the short time they were given.
a. Could b. Might c. Were able to d. Had better
30. I didn't bring my umbrella, but I ______ borrow one.
a. Could b. Was able to c. Were able to d. Had better
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

Practice Questions
ENGLISH
Conditional Sentences & Tenses

Code: NABARD50
EXERCISE – 1
1) If Manali had (a)/ worked hard (b)/ she will have got the job (c)/ she desired. (d)/ No error (e)
2) He told me (a)/ that he wrote a letter (b)/ to his superior (c)/ for a certain reason. (d)/ No
error (e)
3) I am working (a)/ at my present job (b)/ since the day (c)/ a son was born to my brother. (d)/
No error (e)
4) After Ravi (a)/ read the magazines and newspapers, (b)/ and watched T.V. Programme, (c)/
he decided to go out and meet some old friends. (d)/ No error (e)
5) His father would have been pleased (a)/ to get him a wrist watch (b)/ if he would have
worked (c)/ harder and secured higher marks in the university examination. (d)/ No error (e)
6) When the doctor found (a)/ that the player has taken (b)/ prohibited medicines, he reported
(c)/ the matter to the team manager. (d)/ No error (e)
7) As soon as (a)/ the clock strike five (b)/ they put down their tools (c)/ and off they go. (d)/ No
error (e)
8) It had been our custom (a)/ from immemorial time to be (b)/ hospitable to those who come
to our doors. (c)/ No error (d)
9) I asked (a)/ if she has looked everywhere (b)/ and she said, ‘yes’. (c)/ No error (d)
10) Had I realised (a)/ that it was such a long way (b)/ I would take a taxi. (c)/ No error (d)
11) As he dived from the spring board (a)/ he was terrified to see (b)/ that the water was
drained from the pool the previous night. (c)/ No error (d)
12) As I am suffering from fever since morning (a)/ I shall not be able to attend the function
(b)/ You are going to organize this evening. (c)/ No error (d)
13) She wishes (a)/ that she has studied literature instead of history (b)/ when she was in
college. (c)/ No error (d)
14) Much water (a)/ has flown (b)/ under the bridge since then (c)/ No error (d)
15) I do not wish (a)/ to rise (b)/ false hopes. (c)/ No error (d)
16) The stranger (a)/ asked the little girl (b)/ what is her name. (c)/ No error (d)
17) Apollo was worshipped (a)/ as long as (b)/ the Roman empire had lasted. (c)/ No error (d)
18) I pretended as if (a)/ I interested in the conversation (b)/ but really it was very boring. (c)/
No error (d)
19) The teacher remarked that (a)/ they all had (b)/ done it very badly. (c)/ No error (d)
20) The train is supposed (a)/ to arrive at 10 a.m. yesterday (b)/ but it was an hour late. (c)/
No error (d)
21) Rajan told me that you had left (a)/ the college a year before (b)/ and looking for a job. (c)/
No error (d)
22) He asked me (a)/ if I am ill and (b)/ I answered that I was not. (c)/ No error (d)
23) India’s Independence (a)/ had been the result (b)/ of sacrifices of (c)/ many patriots. (d)/ No
error (e)
24) Yesterday Ramesh got (a)/ the information that his father (b)/ died in an accident (c)/ while
travelling in a car. (d)/ No error (e)
25) He will certainly help you (a)/ if you will ask him (b)/ in a pleasant manner. (c)/ No error (d)
EXERCISE – 2
1) I found this ring as I dig in the garden, (a)/ it looks very old, (b)/ I wonder whom it belongs
to. (c)/ No error (d)
2) The girls were playing (a)/ outside the house whereas (b)/ the boys were sitting (c)/ inside
played cards. (d)/ No error (e)
3) Mohini washes all her (a)/ clothes and cooks food (b)/ for the family before (c)/ she is going
to the office. (d)/ No error (e)
4) If you had read (a)/ the relevant literature carefully, (b)/ you would have answered (c)/ most
of the questions correctly. (d)/ No error (e)
5) The discreet enquiry revealed (a)/ that his involvement in (b)/ the fraud cases have been
more than (c)/ what was first guessed. (d)/ No error (e)
6) If you had read (a)/ the relevant literature carefully, (b)/ you would have answered (c)/ most
of the questions correctly. (d)/ No error (e)
7) Suresh Babu, who is living (a)/ in this town since 1955, (b)/ is a well known scholar of
history (c)/ and a distinguished musician. (d)/ No error (e)
8) He hoped to finish (a)/ the work in the last week (b)/ but in fact (c)/ he could not. (d)/ No
error (e)
9) He could not cut (a)/ the grass today because (b)/ the handle of the machine (c)/ has broken
a few days ago. (d)/ No error (e)
10) I have pleasure (a)/ to certify (b)/ that Shamim worked meritoriously (c)/ for the last 5
years in our organization. (d)/ No error (e)
11) The Department of Modern Indian languages (a)/ is running a course in comparative
literature (b)/ for the last fifteen years. (c)/ No error (d)
12) Had he follow (a)/ the directions carefully (b)/ he would have felt (c)/ better much quicker.
(d)/ No error (e)
13) Once he realised (a)/ that he had committed a mistake (b)/ he admits it, (c)/ corrected it
without delay. (d)/ No error (e)
14) He would not have (a)/ written this letter (b)/ if he would not have (c)/ heard the news. (d)/
No error (e)
15) Sumitra appealed (a)/ to the managing committee (b)/ that she may be (c)/ allowed to join
in the volunteer force. (d)/ No error (e)
16) If John had told me (a)/ last Thursday (b)/ I will have given him the money (c)/ but now it
is too late. (d)/ No error (e)
17) No sooner did (a)/ the train arrived at the station (b)/ than the passengers (c)/ rushed
towards it. (d)/ No error (e)
18) On entering the room (a)/ she was found hanging (b)/ from the ceiling. (c)/ No error (d)
19) If I were (a)/ in his shoes, (b)/ I would die with shame. (c)/ No error (d)
20) My friend did not see me (a)/ for many years (b)/ when I met him last week. (c)/ No error
(d)
21) Why you don’t told him (a)/ and (b)/ clarify all (c)/ pending matters. (d)/ No error (e)
22) He was extremely annoyed (a)/ when I reported (b)/ the matter to him (c)/ and has fired
me. (d)/ No error (e)
23) He obtained good marks (a)/ not only in English essay (b)/ but also in Arithmetic which
was (c)/ full of complicated calculations. (d)/ No error (e)
24) As soon as the principal (a)/ entered the school (b)/ all the students approached him (c)/
and report the matter. (d)/ No error (e)
25) The programme which (a)/ came on television (b)/ these days in the evenings (c)/ is very
interesting. (d)/ No error (e)
EXERCISE – 3
1. The postman (a) / has came already. (b)/ There (c) / are no letters for you. (d)/ No error. (e)
2. She dreaming (a) / of the day (b) / when she can go to (c) / China to visit her relatives. (d)
/ No error. (e)
3. Chandra (a) / was mop (b) / the house with (c) / an old rag. (d)/ No error. (e)
4. Jill (a) / was standing (b) / at the bus-stop (c) / when I saw her. (d)/ No error. (e)
5. All the (a) / books is (b) / belonging to me. (c)/ I love books. (d) / No error. (e)
6. I have saw (a) / Jack with that (b) / strange woman (c) / many times. (d) / No error. (e)
7. The car (a) / looks dirty (b) / but it was (c) / cleaned yesterday. (d) / No error. (e)
8. Since the new (a) / market opened, (b)/ I had done my (c) / shopping there. (d) / No error.
(e)
9. Salsa (a) / was went (b) / to Singapore (c) / last Monday. (d) /No error. (e)
10. I have (a) / just driven 600 kilometers (b) / from Saint (c) / Peter Street. (d) / No error. (e)
EXERCISE - 4
1) Each student (A)/ were given (B)/ a chance (C)/to prove his talent. (D)/No Error (E)
2) The judge said that (A) / the crime motivated (B)/ by robbery (C)/ and not racial prejudice.
(D)/No Error (E)
3) She is waiting (A)/ for (B)/ her sister(C)/ for two hours. (D)/No Error (E)
4) The examinee (A)/ had scribble (B)/ certain things (C) / on his question paper. (D) /No
Error (E)
5) The police lobbed (A) / six rounds of teargas shells (B)/ and used force (C) /to dispersing
the violent crowd. (D)/No Error (E)
6) The number of (A)/ police stations (B)/ have gone (C)/ up to forty-three. (D) /No Error (E)
7) More than (A)/ 200 members of (B)/ the church (C)/ participate in the event last night.
(D)/No Error (E)
8) The centre (A)/has not pay heed (B)/ to the suggestions (C)/ put forward earlier. (D) /No
Error (E)
9) Last Monday the (A)/ Security Council (B)/ has urged Libya’s interim leaders to (C)/ curb
proliferation of weapon (D)/. No error (E)
10) Three years ago, an earthquake (A)/ had destroyed the lives (B)/ of Indian people, and they
(C)/ are still struggling (D)/ No error (E)
11) As and when you are needing (A)/ my help, I am (B)/ always there to help (C)/ you whole
heartedly (D)/. No error (E)
12) By the time India will (A)/ achieves a better position (B)/ in the world, India will be (C)/ the
most popular country (D)/. No error (E)
13) If you would have (A)/ toiled hard you (B)/ would not have had (C)/ to suffer this much
(D)/. No error (E)
14) In film industry if Shammy (A)/ Kapoor was alive (B)/ he would not have (C)/ let us cry
today (D)/. No error (E)
15) In case India is focusing on (A)/ the root cause of corruption, India (B)/ will definitely
progress in (C)/ short span of time (D)/ No error (E)
16) Mr. Verma was (A)/ one of the persons (B)/ who is still working (C)/ today (D)/. No error (E)
17) I know that Ravi plan (A)/ to work with a multinational (B)/ company as it (C)/ pays very
high (D)/. No error (E)
18) The government of Punjab has (A)/ declared that they are going (B)/ to launch a scheme
for the sports person (C)/ so as to boost their career (D)/. No error (E)
19) The teacher (A)/ asked the (B)/ student to (C)/ speak loud. (D)/ No error (E)
20) He finished breakfast (A)/ quick and left (B)/ for (C)/the school. (D) / No error (E)
21) Our plan (A)/ is to make the trauma care building (B)/ full functional by the third week
(C)/ of January. (D)/ No error (E)
22) The government (A)/ has ever been (B)/ serious about (C)/ the issue. (D)/ No error (E)
23) The night temperatures (A)/ dipped in (B)/ those cities (C)/ considerable. (D)/ No error (E)
24) Doctor are (A)/ desperation needed (B)/ in the present (C)/ commercial world. (D)/ No error
(E)
25) His contribution (A)/ as a manager (B)/ is still (C)/no clear. (D)/ No error. (E)
26) You said (A) /that you saw (B)/ her (C)/last year. (D)/ No error (E)
27) I did not stop (A)/ because he had (B)/ already (C)/ went out. (D)/ No error (E)
28) You got (A) /angry before (B)/ I uttered (C)/a word. (D)/ No error (E)
29) This (A) /was going (B) / on since (C) /a long time. (D)/ No error (E)
30) If I (A) /did this, (B) / I shall be (C) /wrong. (D)/
No error (
31) When she (A) / will come to Delhi (B)/, she will (C) /visit our house. (D)/ No error (E)
32) If he (A) / would have done (B)/ this, he would have been (C)/ wrong. (D)/ No error (E)
33) Rama (A)/ is ill (B) /for two (C) /months. (D) / No error (E)
34) The audience (A)/ did nothing (B) / but (C)/ cheered. (D)/ No error (E)
35) Which (A)/novel (B) / you like (C)/ the most? (D)/ No error (E)
36) You do (A) /nothing (B) /but to sing (C) /and dance. (D) / No error (E)
37) He (A) /told me (B) /that he will (C) /help me. (D) / No error (E)
38) I (A) /would do (B)/ this if I (C) /was you. (D)/ No error (E)
39) He denied (A) / that he (B) / was not (C) / a thief. (D) / No error (E)
40) It being a (A) /very cold (B) /day, I did (C) /not go to office. (D)/ No error (E)
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

Practice Questions
ENGLISH
Prepositions

Code: NABARD50
Prepositions
Q. 1: Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions:
1) The calculator is _____ the table.
2) He was angry______ me.
3) That man is found guilty_____ theft.
4) You teacher is not satisfied ____ your study.
5) He should take care _______ his health.
6) Mukesh travelled _______ train.
7) She jumped ________ the well.
8) You must beware ______ tigers.
9) He quarreled _______ my brothers.
10) The thieves broke ______ his house.
11) R.K. thakur is senior _____me.
12) Meera is satisfied ______ her husband.
13) His wife died ______ cancer.
14) My father was acquainted with her ______ her success.
15) He prefers tea _____ coffee.
Prepositions
16) I am fond _____ music.
17) My wife has been suffering _______ fever for two days.
18) The teacher congratulated her ________ success.
19) Gandhijee was born _________ 1869.
20) The aeroplane was flying _______ the clouds.
21) The police inspector enquired _______ the case.
22) His beloved prevented him _______ going there.
23) The car is running _______ seventy kilometers an hour.
24) He complained _______ his classmate.
25) Distribute these apples _______ the children.
26) He aimed his pistol ______ the criminal.
27) What is the time _______ your watch?
28) My neighbour is jealous __ me.
29) His teacher ordered him to write _______ ink.
30) The dog sprang ______ the table.
Prepositions
31) It has been raining heavily _______ Sunday last.
32) Please open you book ______ page forty.
33) The examination begins ______ Wednesday.
34) The Mughal ruled ______ India.
35) Raman has no acquaintance ______ Anamika.
36) Sunil offered her an apology ______ his misbehavior.
37) He is a candidate _______ the primary teacher.
38) He has confidence _______ his success.
39) Mr. Gupta felt grief _______ the death of his brother.
40) She praised his obedience _______ his father.
41) Akbar was an heir _____ the throne.
42) Her husband is addicted _____ gambling.
43) That student acted contrary _____ the instructions of the principal.
44) The dog is very faithful _____ his master.
45) Prabha is good ____ mathematics.
Prepositions
46) She was proficient _____ English.
47) Is that boy related ______ you?
48) He was shocked _____ the news of his father’s death.
49) This shirt is similar _____ that.
50) You should abstain ____ bad things.
51) He apologized ______ the teacher for his mistake.
52) He never despaired ____ success.
53) The shopkeeper deals ______ Nepalese goods.
54) Mohan deals fairly ______ his friend.
55) Some goods are imported ______ America _____ India.
56) I have informed the police inspector ______ the terrorist.
57) He was prohibited ______ doing this work.
58) The two sisters quarreled ______ themselves.
59) Your answer is ____ the point.
60) Manoj will return ______ a week.
Prepositions
61) The medicine cured her _____ her disease.
62) He arrived ______ the station ______ 10 a.m.
63) Rajendra borrowed Rs. 1000 _____ him.
64) She did not hide the truth _____ her husband.
65) His wife insisted _____ his leaving the place at once.
66) Someone was knocking _______ the door.
67) We must protest _______ injustice.
68) The happiness of your country consists _____ the freedom of the citizens.
69) Good students are respectful _____ all.
70) She exchanged the blouse _____ the handkerchief.
71) The old man is affectionate _____ all.
72) He compared her face _____ the moon.
73) They were making arrangements _____ the function.
74) As soon as he received the call ______ his residence he left the office.
75) The student did not pay attention _____ what the teacher said.
Prepositions
76) The house was ______ fire.
77) He is ambitious _____ fame.
78) I am ignorant _____ my brother’s misconduct.
79) Death is preferable _____ disgrace.
80) He is pleased _____ my performance.
81) Listen _____ your teacher carefully.
82) He gazed ______ the beautiful scenery.
83) He reminded you _____ your promise.
84) Mukesh is appointed _____ the vacant post.
85) He is disgusted _____ my conduct.
86) Binay is not eligible ______ this post.
87) Health is essential ______ happiness.
88) Your religious views are different ______ his.
89) Quinine is remedy ______ malaria.
90) He has sent me an invitation ______ dinner.
Prepositions
91) His great pride ______ his wealth is foolish.
92) ______ advising me, he gave me money.
93) I am true _____ the publisher.
94) He has been learning music _____ two years.
95) It is difficult for me to part _____ money.
96) The young man was killed ______ a criminal ____ a knife.
97) He will become a regular student _____ tomorrow.
98) He has been unwell _____ Saturday.
99) He was staying _____ Jajuar, a big village ____ Bihar.
100) The train is ______ time.
Prepositions
Q.2: Find out the error part of the following sentences:
1) They walked (1)/ besides (2)/ each other (3)/ in silence. (4)/ No error (5)
2) His relation (1)/ to Kalpana (2)/ is (3)/ good. (4)/ No error (5)
3) The teacher (1)/ has no (2)/ control upon (3)/ the students. (4)/ No error (5)
4) We (1)/ travelled (2)/ with steamer (3)/ to reach there. (4)/ No error (5)
5) His statement (1)/ is very much (2)/similar about (3)/yours.(4)/ No error (5)
6) The shopkeeper (1)/ deals with grain (2)/ but did not deal (3)/ honestly with me. (4)/ No
error (5)
7) He (1)/ appealed to the judge (2)/ for his release (3)/ from jail. (4)/ No error (5)
8) I complained against (1)/ the magistrate (2)/ against Munna (3)/ about his misconduct. (4)/
No error (5)
9) We (1)/ are (2)/ responsible for God (3)/ for our actions. (4)/ No error (5)
10) The doctor referred (1)/ the patient for the P.M.C.H (2)/ without (3)/ examining him. (4)/
No error (5)
Prepositions
11) My cousin has been (1)/ married with (2)/ the richest man (3)/ of the village. (4)/ No error
(5)
12) He was (1)/ shocked to hear that (2)/ her mother (3)/ died of an accident. (4)/ No error (5)
13) Mr. Kishori Thakur (1)/ is (2)/ blind (3)/ with one eye. (4)/ No error (5)
14) On a holiday (1)/ I prefer (2)/ writing than going out (3)/ visiting friends. (4)/ No error (5)
15) I have been working on (1)/ the problem from a long time (2)/ but am still not (3)/ able to
solve it. (4)/ No error (5)
16) Mr. Mishra and his wife (1)/ were invited (2)/ for the cultural function (3)/ at my house.
(4)/ No error (5)/
17) Beside chocolate (1)/ they also bought (2)/ many balloons (3)/ for the child (4)/ No error
(5)/
18) Yesterday, Binay (1)/ came across with (2)/ one of his (3)/ old friends (4)/ No error (5)/
19) Of what I know (1)/ of her (2)/ I hesitate to (3)/ trust in him. (4)/ No error (5)
20) He left of Delhi (1)/ this morning (2)/ for some (3)/ official work. (4)/ No error (5)
Prepositions
21) He cannot (1)/ prevent (2)/ me (3)/ to go there. (4)/ No error (5)
22) My book has been (1)/ missing (2)/ from my room (3)/ till Yesterday. (4)/ No error (5)
23) Akbar (1)/ came on the throne (2)/ at a very (3)/ early age. (4)/ No error (5)
24) You (1)/ must provide (2)/ to your children (3)/ against the evil day. (4)/ No error (5)
25) I will (1)/ send you (2)/ this book (3)/ latest by 10th February. (4)/ No error (5)
Prepositions
Q. 3: Correct the following sentences:
1) His wife was dressed up black.
2) She is married with a rich man.
3) Are you careful to your health?
4) The old man died of overeating.
5) This is different to the other.
6) His suggestion was helpful for me.
7) Her dress is made up silk.
8) I depend over my publisher’s word.
9) She is greedy of money.
10) He has no acquaintance to this man.
11) The publisher’s capacity of hard work seems unlimited.
12) My wife prevented me to speaking.
13) What are you laughing?
14) Is Manu coming in plane?
15) Ruby has been absent from Monday last.
Prepositions
16) Mr. Thakur stood among Aditi and Aditya.
17) Poverty comes from idleness.
18) My brother in-law travelled by a bicycle.
19) Did he stay on home yesterday?
20) The workers work in the factory from 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
21) The train comes on 6’O clock.
22) Milk sells by Rs 22/ a litre.
23) I was born in June 9, 1972.
24) Kumharar Park is close of my residence.
25) He will come up on Monday.
26) I congratulated her at her success in the SBI Examination.
27) We must be faithful of our master.
28) What is the time from your watch?
29) He prefers milk than tea.
30) He enquired me of the murder.
Prepositions
31) The master has no control on his servants.
32) She relied upon my co-operation.
33) We have duty for our parents.
34) Let me glance on that beautiful girl.
35) He is quick in understanding.
36) An enquiry was made in the matter.
37) An old man is accused to crime.
38) He feels sure to his success.
39) I have no reliance over your word.
40) He was not aware to your intention.
41) There is no limit of zeal.
42) The police inspector went to his constable.
43) What will you do by this little book?
44) He complained upon me.
45) Mr. Prasad has signed to the contract.
Prepositions
46) He persisted to say this.
47) I insisted on him to go away.
48) She assisted to do this.
49) Due to the accident, he could not go.
50) He is busy in his work.
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

Practice Questions
ENGLISH
Complex Prepositions

Code: NABARD50
EXERCISE – 1
1) They all met in a room (a)/ which was close to the centre (b)/ to discuss about the plan of
action. (c)/ No error (d)
2) When the police accused him with theft, (a)/ nobody believed them, (b)/ as he was well
known for his honesty. (c)/ No error (d)
3) The meeting scheduled to be held (a)/ between 2 P.M. to 3 P.M. (b)/ was postponed
suddenly (c)/ No error (d)
4) He was conferred with an honorary D. Lite degree (a)/ in recognition of his services (b)/ to
the cause of learning. (c)/ No error (d)
5) The myth that some races (a)/ are naturally superior than others (b)/ has now been fully
demolished. (c)/ No error (d)
6) This particular issue (a)/ has been hanging in fire (b)/ for a long time. (c)/ No error (d)
7) In the past (a)/ people travelled (b)/ by foot. (c)/ No error (d)
8) You should know (a)/ that the ultimate decision in the matters (b)/ rests upon the board of
directors. (c)/ No error (d)
9) In some tribal areas (a)/ people worship snakes (b)/ and are not scared from them. (c)/ No
error (d)
10) His new proposal (a)/ seems hardly different (b)/ than that the one I’ve just rejected. (c)/
No error (d)
11) To lead a well-balanced life (a)/ you shall have to cultivate other interests (b)/ beside your
professional ones. (c)/ No error (d)
12) After nagging constantly for months (a)/ and administering weekly tests (b)/ the teacher
was at last pleased for the boys’ progress. (c)/ No error (d)
13) I’d appreciate spending half an hour with you (a)/ to discuss about how these and other
experience (b)/ might be mutually beneficial. (c)/ No error (d)
14) The teacher was happy (a)/ when he entered the class (b)/ which comprised of a wonder
where it comes from. (c)/ No error (d)
15) Yet, firms and other concerns are spending large sums of money all the time (a)/ and
somehow we take this for granted (b)/ and never stop to wonder where it comes from. (c)/ No
error (d)
16) Thank for your invitation for lunch (a)/ which I am very pleased (b)/ to accept. (c)/ No
error (d)
17) Both the boys (a)/ came late in the hall (b)/ and sat besides me. (c)/ No error (d)
18) I signed on the receipt (a)/ in the morning but the pay (b)/ has not been disbursed to me.
(c)/ No error (d)
19) In my opinion (a)/ a pencil is always (b)/ preferable than a pen. (c)/ No error (d)
20) You must make up the (a)/ time you wasted this afternoon (b)/ by working late over the
night. (c)/ No error (d)
21) The extraordinary ability of the satellites to (a)/ see, listen and communicate has made
them integral with (b)/ modern warfare and nuclear war strategies in particular. (c)/ No error
(d)
22) He looked like a lion (a)/ baulked from (b)/ its prey. (c)/ No error (d)
23) Often in political campaigns, a point is reached at which (a)/ the candidates take out their
gloves (b)/ and start slagging with bare fists. (c)/ No error (d)
24) One of the major aims of the Air force (a)/ was the complete demolition of all means of
transportation (b)/ by the bombing of rail lines and terminals. (c)/ No error (d)
25) The celebrated singer was (a)/ surrounded by the usual crowd (b)/ of lackeys and
hangers—in. (c)/ No error (d)
EXERCISE – 2
1) The aircraft was overloaded (a)/ there was something wrong of the battery (b)/ and the
engine was making a queer noise. (c)/ No error (d)
2) I warned him (a)/ for the danger (b)/ he was going (c)/ to face during the hiking. (d)/ No
error (e)
3) Ordinarily, when in difficulty (a)/ Ranuka prefers keeping her counsel (b)/ than running
about (c)/ taking advice. (d)/ No error (e)
4) Shella advised to (a)/ her child not to (b)/ play with the ball (c)/ on the road. (d)/ No error
(e)
5) Basu was trying to pass (a)/ through the gap on (b)/ the fence when he (c)/ tore his shirt.
(d)/ No error (e)
6) I have been teaching in this school (a)/ since several years (b)/ but have never met (c)/
such a hopeless class as this. (d)/ No error (e)
7) It is easy to see that (a)/ a lawyer’s demeanour in court (b)/ may be prejudicial against the
interests of his client. (c)/ No error (d)
8) The reason we have not been able to pay income tax (a)/ is due to fact (b)/ that we did not
receive pay on time. (c)/ No error (d)
9) The policemen fired at all the (a)/ students when (b)/ they were attacked (c)/ by some of
them. (d)/ No error (e)
10) He was not promoted (a)/ to the rank of colonel (b)/ till for a few (c)/ months of his
resignation. (d)/ No error (e)
11) All the players (a)/ except Sam (b)/ were present (c)/ on the field. (d)/ No error (e)
12) Despite of a good monsoon (a)/ this year, the production (b)/ of food grains in the (c)/
country did to go up. (d)/ No error (e)
13) Yesterday, while (a)/ crossing the road (b)/ he was (c)/ run out by a truck. (d)/ No error (e)
14) The girl wrote an essay (a)/ so well (b)/ that her teacher was exceedingly (c)/ pleased at
her. (d)/ No error (e)
15) He tried (a)/ to open the can (b)/ by a can opener. (c)/ No error (d)
16) When the students reached late (a)/ the teacher objected their entering the class (b)/
without his permission. (c)/ No error (d)
17) The captain and his (a)/ wife were invited (b)/ for the cultural (c)/ function at my home.
(d)/ No error (e)
18) The government decided to (a)/ write of the debts (b)/ of the farmers who were (c)/ below
the poverty line. (d)/ No error (e)
19) Children visiting the (a)/ park are amused (b)/ by the monkey’s (c)/ play in the cages. (d)/
20) The great actor was (a)/ angry with the treatment (b)/ during the party (c)/ in Ashoka
Hall. (d)/ No error (e)
21) Don’t go by his appearance, (a)/ he is capable at (b)/ doing any work (c)/ without any
hesitation. (d)/ No error (e)
22) The teacher pointed out the (a)/ students that they might (b)/ learn something from
Kalidas because (c)/ Kalidas was the Shakespeare of India. (d)/ No error (e)
23) The consequence of (a)/ the action was not fully realized (b)/ to the authorities. (c)/ No
error (d)
24) I am pleased to sanction (a)/ one special increment (b)/ to all the employees (c)/ with the
month. (d)/ No error (e)
25) I have (a)/ an appointment (b)/ on the 9th of September (c)/ on 5 o’clock. (d)/ No error (e)
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

1|Page
Appropriate Use of
Preposition
2|Page
Abhorrence of (a strong feeling of As a pacifist, I have a strong abhorrence of violence.

hate paired with a feeling of
loathing)
Abhorrent to (causing or deserving The idea of being stuck in an office all day is abhorrent to a
strong dislike or hatred) nature lover like myself.
Abide by(to follow the rules of John felt that he had to abide by his father's wishes.
something; to obey someone's
orders)
Abound in (available in large Uttar Pradesh abounds in water resources.
quantity or number)
Abound with (full of) National Geographic magazine abounds with marvellous
photography and interesting stories.
Absolve from (declare free from The court has absolved them from the crime.
guilt, promise, duty etc.)
Absorb in (busy in work) She sat in an armchair, absorbed in a book.
Abstain from (hold oneself back, His doctor has asked him to abstain from drinks.
used for food habits)
Abstemious in (sparing or Those who are abstemious in food habits enjoy good health.
moderate eating & drinking)
Acceptable to (satisfactory and It's not acceptable to me.
able to be agreed to or approved
of)
Accede to (agree to request or He acceded to my request.
proposal)
Access to (means of reaching, I have no access to the database.
approaching)
Accomplished in (highly trained or Getting accepted into medical school was an
skilled in a particular activity) accomplishment in itself.
Account for (explain) You should account for your absence from the office.
Act upon (comply with) Always act upon the advice of your elders.
Accurate in (free from mistakes) Ram is accurate in his calculations.
Accused of (charged with a A person charged with robbery is an example of an individual
wrongdoing) accused of a crime.
Accustomed to (customary; usual; He was accustomed to socializing on a high level.
habitual)
Acquaintance with (familiar with) He had an acquaintance with the literature
Acquit of (to relieve from a charge He was acquitted of his crime.
of fault or crime)
Adapted to (adjust) Johnson has also adapted well to life's low blows.
Addicted to(be given to something Rohan is addicted to drugs.
harmful)
Adept in (proficient in art etc.) He is adept in the art of painting.
3|Page
Adept at ( proficient at things) Rekha is adept at classical dance

Adhere to (stick to) We decided to adhere to the programme already agreed
upon
Adjacent to (next to or adjoining I stay adjacent to Healing Touch Hospital.
something else)
Admit to (admission) He was admitted to the school on merit.
Admit of (scope for) Your crime does not admit of any excuse.
Admit into( admittance) He was admitted into the room of the Principal.
Affable to(friendly, pleasant, easy He is very affable to the poor.
to talk to)
Affection for(a feeling of love or Rick expressed deep affection for his sister on her fifteenth
strong attachment) birthday.
Affiliated to(associated to a Agra college is affiliated to the B.R. Ambedkar University.
university or board)
Affiliated with (associated with a Indian Communists are affiliated with the Communist Parties
party) of Russia & China.
Afflicted with (in a state of pain, The man was afflicted with a painful snake bite after a hike
distress, grief) on the mountain.
Afraid of (frightened) He is not afraid of anything.
Agreeable to (willing to agree to I am agreeable to your plan.
something)
Agree with ( willing to agree with I agree with the doctor.
someone)
Agree to ( willing to agree to I agree to the terms made by the manager.
something)
Agree on ( willing to agree on a After discussion they agreed on the terms of Partnership.
point)
Akin to (similar to) Your behaviour of indifference is akin to feeling of jealously.
Alarmed at (worried or frightened We were alarmed at her cry
by something)
Alien to(foreign to) French is alien to me because I have never studied it.
Allegiance to (loyal to) He pledges his allegiance to the country.
Alliance with (joined or united) China has entered into alliance with Pakistan against India
Alight from ( to get down from a The queen alighted from the carriage.
vehicle)
Alight on ( to get down on the The birds alighted on the roof of my house.
ground)
Alight at( to get down to a site, or The birds alighted at the antenna.
place)
Allowance for (allow for) Always make allowance for the mistake of others and
pardon him.
Aloof from (stay away from bad He kept himself aloof from all party strife.
company)
4|Page
Alternative to (substitute) I would prefer any alternative to the lawsuit.

Ambition for(a strong desire to do They were students and dreamers, pursuing their ambition
or achieve something) for a better life.
Amenable to (agreeable or willing Are you amenable to the change in schedule?
to be persuaded)
Amuse at(mock at, laugh at) Everyone was greatly amused at this awkward behaviour
during the ceremony
Amuse with (enjoy) They amused themselves with playing video games.
Analogous to (comparable) The human heart is analogous to a pump.
Angry with (to be angry with Ram is not angry with me.
someone)
Angry at (to be angry at something) I was very angry at how rainy it was.
Annoyed at ( troubled at I was annoyed at his behaviour.
something)
Annoyed with (trouble with Noddy was annoyed with his friends.
someone)
Answer to (give answer to Teacher does not know the answer to my question.
someone)
Antidote to (that counteracts the The supreme value of quinine is an antidote to malaria.
effect of poison)
Antipathy to (averse to a thing) After serving in the war, he developed an antipathy to guns.
Anxious for (eager) I'd getting so anxious for this cycle.
Anxious about ( worry about Anxious about what may lie ahead.
something)
Apologise for (to express regret for In fact, I'd ask him to apologize for his tone.
a fault)
Apologise to ( to express regard to The poor man had to apologize to the obese person.
a person)
Apology for (expression of regret) "I owe you an apology for not telling you sooner," he added.
Appetite for (hunger) Save your appetite for the big dinner
Applicable to (relevant) The Japanese system is not completely applicable to the
American system
Apply for (to make a formal You need this letter in order to apply for a study permit
application for a post)
Apply to (request a person, office The risk doesn't apply to them.
etc.)
Appoint to (designate a post) We are seeking to appoint to this new post an able musician.
Apprehensive of (worried) I've always been apprehensive of buses after all the morbid
stories we keep hearing about them.
Apprise of (inform) He was apprised of the logistics of the situation.
Approach to (proceed toward) It is hazardous to approach to cliff in this area.
Appropriate to (suitable) The successful candidate will be appointed in the
department most appropriate to his or her area of
5|Page
specialization.
Approve of (accept) They may not approve of us seeing each other.
Aptitude for (talent) She has a special aptitude for mathematics.
Argue with (quarrel with a person) It's difficult to argue with the religious heads.
Arrive at ( to reach a place) He would be the last to arrive at the scene of any real battle.
Arrive in ( to enter a country) It took another year to arrive in Canada.
Ashamed of (embarrassed) Peter should be ashamed of himself.
Ask for (request for a thing) There is no need to ask for permission.
Ask of or from somebody for I couldn't refuse her the very last thing she'd ever ask of me
something as a little girl.
Aspire after (desire for fame) It is human nature to aspire after fame.
Aspire to (desire for post) All the candidates aspire to the post of commissioned
officers.
Assent to (agree to) The President has given assent to the bill.
Assiduous in (diligent) I’ve always been assiduous in my duties.
Associated with (related) Many of the traits are associated with Type-A behaviour
Assurance of (affirmation) He had the assurance of winning the contest.
Astonished at (amazed) They were astonished at her command of language.
Atone for (compensate for a fault) The Hindus go to the Ganga to atone for their sins.
Attachment to (bond) He has a great attachment to this town.
Attend to (pay attention to) He did not attend to what his mother advised him.
Attention to (notice) He pays no attention to the teacher.
Attain to (accomplish) They contend that they may attain to perfection in this life.
Attracted to or towards (enchant) He was attracted to her at first sight.
Avail of (utilize opportunity etc.) More women entered the job market to avail of the
multitude of opportunities.
Averse to (opposed to) Johnny is not averse to killing anyone who gets in his way.
Bargain with (negotiate) An American will usually not bargain with a store owner
Bathe in (to swim) Varanasi draws Indians from around the world to bathe in
the holy Ganges.
Beg for (appeal for a thing) The puppy stood up on its hind legs to beg for a piece of my
barbecued chicken.
Beg of (appeal of a person) I have one thing to beg of you.
Begin with (to start) To begin with, we have no money now.
Belong to (to belong to a person, or We should be glad to belong to our nation.
a place)
Beneficial to (advantageous to) A basic understanding of this process is quite beneficial to
6|Page
everybody who uses a Linux system.

Bent on (inclined to do something) He was bent on quitting that job even though he was making
a lot of money.
Bereft of (deprived of) The car accident left Jeremiah bereft of the ability to move
because of a spinal cord injury
Beset with (torture) India is beset with many problems these days.
Bestow upon (confer or present) The university bestowed an honorary degree upon her.
Beware of (be cautious) Beware of dogs, lest you should be bitten.
Bigoted in (biased) Some are just bigoted in their views.
Blame for (hold responsible for a We know that beer is not to blame for obesity.
fault)
Blind in (deprive of understanding) He is blind in left eye.
Born of parents / Born in family She was born of a beautiful mother.
Borrow of /from a person (take I know of a lady who likes to frequently borrow from Alice.
something)
Break into (to enter) Someone broke into our house while we were gone and
stole our TV.
Break with (quarrel with someone) Mostly boys in adolescence break with their parents.
Burdened with (overload) No wonder he thought she didn't want to be burdened with
the details.
Busy with (engaged in something) I think dad is too busy with his work.
Blush at (embarrass at praise) She blushed at the mention of her qualities.
Blush for ( embarrass for a fault) I blush for the vices of my son who has disgraced the family.
Benefit by (receive advantage) You should benefit by the experience of others
Benefit from ( an advantage gained You should derive benefit from the experience of others.
from something)
Believe in (trust) I believe in him because he is honest.
Callous to (heartless) The punishment seemed a bit callous to me
Candidate for (prospect) My brother was recently a candidate for a position as a
municipal councillor, but he lost the election.
Capacity for (extent, magnitude) Energy is the capacity for doing work.
Care for or about (tend, mind) He has numerous animals to care for.
Care of ( to look after) I'll take care of the others if you want to watch the kids.
Careful about (cautious) Friends, we must be careful about the words we use.
Cautious of (careful) We have to be cautious of unfamiliar people.
Certain of (determined) Those who work hard should be certain of their success.
Characteristics of (attribute) The characteristics of every living thing are entirely
determined by its genes.
Charge with (responsible) Police have charged him with theft.
7|Page
Cheat on (fraudster, dishonest) Cynthia can't think you'd cheat on her.

Cling to (grasp) The fish has a little sucker on its belly which allows it to cling
to rocks for protection against predators.
Command of (mastery) She has a good command of French.
Common to (ordinary, general, The unit of study is common to all the children.
universal)
Comparable to (similar) The climate is comparable to that of north Italy.
Compassion for (sympathy) The woman’s compassion for others led her to become a
nun.
Compatible with (able to exist I thought I was marrying a man who had chosen a lifestyle
together) compatible with mine.
Compensation for (reimbursement) One-tenth of the tax is paid to the communes as
compensation for revenues made over to the state.
Compete with (challenge) Art is the unceasing effort to compete with the beauty of
flowers
Complain against (someone)/ He complained to the Principal against me.
complain of (something)/ complain
to (a person)
Comply with (obey) We will comply with all laws and company policies.
Composed of (collected) The human body is composed of billions of small cells.
Concede to ( accept) The police will concede to the kidnapper’s demands if the
hostages are released.
Condemned to (criticize) She was condemned to by birth.
Conducive to (good for) Alcoholic parents are not conducive to a stable environment
for the children.
Confer honour on (grant) Bohemian estates sought to confer on him the title of
“Historiographer of Bohemia”.
Confidence in (belief in a person) The shy girl’s lack of confidence in herself caused her to miss
out on many opportunities.
Confident of (self-assured) Find someone who is confident of his/her speaking ability in
English.
Confine to (limited) The hive of activity however, did not confine to the coastal
areas.
Conformity with/to (compliance) Knowledge is of ideas and is in conformity with the
necessary laws of thought.
Congenial to (compatible) Both the city and the work were congenial to him.
Conscious of (aware) I became conscious of the crisis when the photographs of the
terrorist attack were displayed on the news.
Consent to (agree) Prince Andrew needed his father's consent to his marriage.
Consistent with (happening in a The plans he has set out don't seem consistent with our
similar manner) original discussions.
Contempt for (disrespect) Sarah is a wonderful person who has never shown contempt
for anyone.
8|Page
Content with (satisfied) I'm quite content with my job.

Contrary to (opposite) Contrary to your opinion, I do respect your judgment.
Conversant with (familiar with) Nagarjuna was conversant with many of the Nikaya school
philosophies.
Convicted of (declare to be guilty) He stands convicted of the death of another human being.
Convinced of (completely certain She is convinced of my innocence.
about something)
Convulsed with (suddenly in a I rolled over spluttering, and came to rest convulsed with
uncontrollable way) breathless laughter.
Copy from (to note down from a Ram copied the notes from Meena.
book)
Copy of (replica of something) Pick up a copy of your schedule as you head out.
Cordon off (isolate) The police cordoned off the building while paramedics
attended to the injured.
Count on (depend on someone) As I'm very busy, don't count on me.
Covetous of (greedy) They are not covetous of wealth.
Carving for (longing) In the fourth week, I had an intense craving for salt.
Cure for (treatment) Researchers hope that a cure for cancer is found through the
funds raised by Pennies for Patients.
Cure of (healed of disease) He is cured of illness after a long treatment.
Commit to (carry out) I really can't commit myself to coaching my son's baseball
team this year.
Confide in (trust someone) I have always confided in him and he has never deceived me.
Consist of (composed of) The dessert would consist of fresh fruit and cheese.
Commence with (begin) He commenced with grammar when he started teaching
English
Clamour for (scream) The labourers were clamouring for the rise in their prices.
Cause for (the reason for There is no cause for anxiety.
something)
Cause of (result from) The cause of cancer is still unknown.
Condole with (express sympathy) I condoled with my friend in the death of his father.
Cope with (manage) She simply couldn't cope with the stress of working under
the new boss.
Cash in on (take advantage) I wouldn't like to cash in on other people's misfortunes.
Contribute to (give) Every Indian should contribute to the success of Indian
Economy
Concern for (worry) I am greatly concerned for the safety of his money.
Congratulate on (applaud) Your parents phoned to congratulate you on your
graduation.
Deaf to ( unwilling, unmoved ) They were wholly deaf to my arguments.
9|Page
Deal in ( deal in a commodity) My friend deals in cloth.

Deal with ( to deal with a person or You must learn how to deal with customers.
a subject)
Defective in ( imperfect) Both very young and very old persons are defective in
memory.
Defend from/against (protect) Poland was too far away for Britain to defend from Germany.
Deficient in (not enough) Fortunately Frederick had never been deficient in courage.
Delight in/with (pleasure) His delight in scenery frequently appears in letters written to
his friends during his summer and autumn tours.
Deluged with (overwhelm withy The southern slopes of the Dang la are deluged with rain,
flood) hail and snow throughout the year.
Depend on or upon something It might depend on the circumstances.
Deprive of (relive) People were deprived of their political rights.
Derogatory to (disrespectful Leopold hesitated and finally rejected the proposals as
attitude) derogatory to his dignity.
Descent from (going down) There is no direct descent from the summit.
Desire for (wish for) It seems that he lost the desire for politics thereafter.
Desirous of (eager for) He is desirous of going abroad.
Destitute of (penniless, lacking) Because of the drought, the lake is nearly destitute of water.
Detrimental to (harmful) Whenever the weather changes a vapor is exhaled, which I
consider very detrimental to health.
Devoid of (lack something) The room was devoid of furniture.
Devoted to (faithful) He was devoted to medical science
Die for (important or desirable This chocolate cake is to die for.
enough to die for)
Die from (die from reason like He died from overwork as hard work had affected his health
thirst/hunger etc.) adversely.
Die of ( die of a disease) He died of malaria after a few days’ illness.
Differ from (vary from a thing) She differs from me both in habits and looks.
Differ with ( disagree with a I differ with you on the views of life.
person)
Different from (vary) They are different from you and me.
Diligent in (hard-working) He was very diligent in his studies.
Disastrous to (catastrophic) The earthquake proved disastrous to many families.
Disgrace to (shame) The crooked cop was a disgrace to the police force.
Disgusted with (feel strong Being spiritual he is disgusted with material lie life.
disapproval)
Displeased with (showing Nicholas, for the first time, felt that his mother was
annoyance) displeased with him.
Distinguish between (differentiate A police detective often finds himself in the position of
10 | P a g e
between two things) having to distinguish between a lie and a truth.

Distinguish from (differentiate one The piano teacher could easily distinguish a perfect
thing from another) performance from a flawed one.
Divide into (split) The exam was divided into two parts.
Doubt of (uncertain) There must be no doubt of victory.
Drenched in (soak) He was already drenched in sweat.
Due to (because of, owing to) Whether due to his anger or his concern for Rissa, Vara
didn't return.
Duty to (responsibility towards The sheriff has a duty to investigate.
parents etc.)
Dwell in (reside in a house etc.) We dwell in the country but work in the city.
Dwell on/upon (think about) The teacher dwelt on the need on discipline.
Disappoint of (fail to fulfil hopes) I was disappointed of my success in the new venture.
Despair of (hopelessness) He was despaired of the early marriage of his daughter.
Dabble in/at (involve oneself Though he belonged to the family of politicians, he never
superficially) dabbled in politics.
Destined for (certain to happen) He was destined for the post of an IAS officer.
Disgrace on (bring shame on He is a disgrace on her family.
family)
Dispense with (distribute) You cannot dispense with the use of fan in summer.
Dispose of (discard) I shall dispose of my old furniture and buy a new one.
Disposed to (inclined) He is disposed to travelling abroad.
Decamp with (flee) The robbers had decamped with the booty before the police
arrived.
Discriminate against/between We should always discriminate between right and wrong.
(prejudicial differentiation)
Eligible for (qualified for Only graduates are eligible for the post.
appointment/election etc.)
Enamoured of (have a liking or Though it was their first meeting, he was enamoured of her
admiration) talents.
Endowed with (gifted with) His wife is endowed with both charm and talents.
Enmity to (animosity) During this period Achin developed a determined enmity to
the Portuguese.
Enquire into (investigate into a They will enquire into all institutional child abuse.
matter)
Enquire of ( investigate about a She longed to enquire of the housekeeper whether her
person) master were really absent.
Entitled to (authorize) Free speech does entitle to speak the truth as you perceive
it.
Entrust with (give responsibility to Much will depend on those you will entrust with the
a person) financial organization of the project.
11 | P a g e
Enveloped in (covered) As soon as the plane left the runways they were enveloped
in clouds.
Envious of (jealous) One man is envious of another man.
Equal to (same) The average per capita income was approximately $34,700,
equal to about 94% of the national average
Escape from (flee) I don't have any idea how to escape from the dungeon.
Essential to (necessary for health Budgeting is essential to making your money go further.
etc.)
Exception to (anomaly, deviation) There will be no exceptions to this rule.
Exemption from (release) The report confirmed their exemption from military duty.
Experience of (having practical The woman had lived through quite an experience of her
contact with) own.
Embark on (begin a venture) He has decided to embark on new business undertaking.
Enter (come into a place) He entered my room without my permission.
Enter into (get involved in an India and America have entered into various agreements.
agreement or alliance)
Enrage at (infuriate at a thing) The teacher was enraged at the student’s insolence.
Enrage with (angry with a person) The teacher was enraged with the student for his insolence.
Enlarge on/upon (say more, I need not enlarge on the problem and waste your time.
expand)
Failed in (unsuccessful) He failed in his mission, for which she was grateful.
Failure of (unsuccessful) One failure of the marketplace is the misattribution of the
amount of utility an item will bring a person.
Faithful to (loyal) Be faithful to the king and do your duty.
False of (untrue of heart) He is not false of heart.
False to (untrue to promise) He was on several occasions forced to yield to false to his
words.
Familiar to (known) This sounds very familiar to me.
Familiar with (know about a You don't seem to be very familiar with politics.
subject)
Famous for (popular) This region is famous for wine yards and wine.
Fatal to (deadly, harmful) It is fatal to the fat globule membrane.
Fatigued with (exhaust) She still looked fatigued with dark circles under her eyes.
Favourable to (beneficial) It's believed the conditions in which the elections are being
held are too favourable to the government
Fearful of (afraid) Many are so fearful of speaking out.
Fertile in (generative) Today the island is one of the most fertile in the world.
Fond of (liking for) Bloggers are extremely fond of taking photos.
Fondness for (liking for) My fondness for my children allows me to forgive their
faults.
12 | P a g e
Foreign to (unfamiliar) The whole idea of arranged marriage is quite foreign to most
people in North America.
Fought against (quarrel) He fought bravely against despair.
Free from (free from worries etc.) I am free from every kind of suffering.
Free of (free of cost) The Sun is there for all and energy we get from it comes free
of charge.
Full of (filled) It's full of sculptures and paintings.
Fascinated by (enchanted by a The children were fascinated by all the toys in the shop.
thing)
Fascinated with (enchanted with a I was fascinated with her because of her admirable manners.
person)
Fly into (anger) On hearing my remarks she flew into a rage.
Feed on (live on) Carnivorous animals feed on flesh.
For lack of / for short of / for want For lack of money he could not continue study further.
of (devoid of)
Get at (reach the truth) We want to get at the truth. Who killed him? And why?
Get on (be compatible with a The host fears the guests won't get on.
person)
Get out of (escape) It's amazing what people will do to get out of paying taxes.
Get over (overcome a difficulty) It took me a very long time to get over the shock of her
death.
Gifted with (talented) He is gifted with the command of the English language.
Good at (good at English/singing He is good at piano.
etc.)
Grateful to (thankful to a person) I would be grateful to hear from anyone who may be able to
help.
Greedy of (voracious of wealth) They are so greedy of wealth and power that they are
behaving like demi-gods who are invincible.
Guilty of (culpable) The driver of the bus that hit the two children has been
found guilty of criminal negligence causing death.
Grieve for (mourn for a person) He grieved for the victims of the storm.
Grieve over (mourn over a thing) He grieved over the loss of money at business.
Grieve at (mourn at an event) He grieved at my father’s death when I informed him of my
personal tragedy.
Guard against (prevent from You should guard against the wrong use of words.
mistakes, temptations)
Guard from (protect from a danger, You should guard from him as he is of false heart.
a thing etc.)
Glance at (look at someone) He glanced at her face and started noting down her address.
Glance through (look over briefly, He glanced through the letter in a hurry and handed it back
read) to me.
Good for (not worthy of anything) He is good for nothing fellow
13 | P a g e
Hatred for/ of (intense dislike for I inherited a hatred for immortals after what they did to my
something) family.
Heedless of (unmindful of) I sat down heedless of the water that came over my feet
Heir to (successor to the throne) Alex was the heir to an enormous amount of land and
money.
Honest in (sincere) They are honest in their report.
Hope for (desire for good or We must hope for the best.
success)
Hopeful of (optimistic) After listening to the doctor, I am hopeful of a quick
recovery.
Hostile to (antagonistic) At least 70% of women are hostile to war under almost any
circumstances.
Hurtful to (causing distress) Their comments were really hurtful to me.
Hear from (to receive news or I have not heard from you for a long time.
information from someone)
Hear of (to get information about I heard of this event in Mumbai and rushed back to Delhi.
something)
Hear by(to get information by post, I heard by a letter about his uncle’s death.
communication)
Hard by (near, beside) The college is hard by and go to college on foot.
Hard up (short of money) He is hard up these days.
Hanker after (long for, run after) Don’t hanker after money and fame.
Healed of (cured of a disease) He healed of illness after long treatment.
Ignorant of (unknowledgeable) A lot of people seem to be happily ignorant of the real threat
of global warming.
Ill with (sick) My grandma is ill with a number of problems associated with
the elderly.
Immaterial to (unimportant, The judge told the jury to disregard the testimony because it
irrelevant) was immaterial to the trial.
Impertinent to (rude) Would it be impertinent to ask where exactly you were?
Impervious to (not allowing The broken window is not impervious to the rain.
something to enter or pass
through)
Implicated in (involved in crime) Three other men implicated in the conspiracy were
subsequently sentenced to imprisonment.
Inclined to (disposed, attracted) I don't feel inclined to play baseball today.
Indebted to (duty-bound, owing to) I'm indebted to you for your kindness.
Indifference to / indifferent to Which side is winning is a matter of complete indifference to
(unconcerned) them.
Indigenous to (native) Soybeans are indigenous to China.
Indispensable to (essential) To most teenagers, their mobile phones are indispensable to
their happiness.
14 | P a g e
Indulge in (involved) Don’t indulge in idle gossip.

Infatuated with (love-struck) Everyone who met her was infatuated with her.
Infected with (contaminate) The researchers showed that cats become infected with
bird-flu if they eat infected birds.
Inference from (conclusion) It is for the jury in a criminal trial to draw inference from the
evidence.
Inferior to (menial to something or Slaves are viewed as inferior to their owners.
somebody)
Infested with (present in large Many cisterns are infested with Guinea worm.
number so as to cause damage or
disease)
Informed of (having or showing I have informed him of the matter.
knowledge of)
Inimical to (antagonistic) Dog and cat are inimical to each other.
Injurious to (harmful) Stale food is injurious to health.
Innocent of (guilt free) He is innocent of Sir Thomas’s death.
Inquired of / inquire for/ inquire I inquired of him the name of his father.
about / Inquire after/ inquire into
(ask)
Insensible to (indifferent to) The pupil is widely dilated and insensible to light.
Insist on (stand one’s ground, be My wife insists on eating only organic fruits and vegetables.
firm)
Inspired with (aroused with a spirit Everything her father did inspired her with reverence.
to do something)
Interested in (focused) I had always been interested in history.
Interfere in (intervene) Don’t interfere in my private affairs.
Intimacy with/ intimate with She is intimate with my family.
(closeness)
Introduce to (make known) In China, guests are generally introduced to the oldest
person first.
Inured to (accustomed to) The citizens of Chennai are inured to the problem of water
scarcity.
Involved in (to take part) He is involved in a political club at the university.
Irrelevant to (unnecessary) The opponent’s arguments were irrelevant to the subject
matter.
Irrespective of (regardless) It binds us together irrespective of creed or colour, race or
religion.
Impress with (affected/roused by a He impressed me with his good manners.
thing)
Impress upon (to influence a The Principal impressed upon the students the need of
person) discipline.
Influenced with (a person) / He has immense influence with the police.
Influence over (the people) /
Influence of something on
15 | P a g e
someone / Influence on a thing

Intrude into (Thrust into room ) He intruded into the room but was turned out.
Intrude on (privacy) Don’t intrude on the privacy of anyone.
Incensed at (enraged) He was greatly incensed at his conduct.
Indignant at (angry) Instead of being happy he is indignant at my offer.
Insight into (perception) Wise people have insight into the reality of life.
Irritated at (angry with something) He seems greatly irritated at my refusal.
/ Irritated against (angry with a
person)
Jealous of (envious) She doesn't have any reason to be jealous of me
Junior to (subordinate) Ram is junior to and less experienced than you.
Judge of (give opinion) Don’t judge of things by their outward appearance.
Judge by (decide) He was judged by his academic qualifications.
Jump to (to reach conclusion) Don’t jump to conclusions without giving due consideration
to the facts.
Jump at (grab an offer) He jumped at the offer and was highly pleased.
Jeer at (an act, mock) The spectators jeered at their team on their fourth defeat.
Jest at (joke) Never jest at those who are in trouble.
Key to (effective way for Hard work is key to success.
something)
Kind of (type of) What kind of a job do you have now?
Knock at (knock at the door) I knocked at the door but there was no reply.
Known to (Familiar. In passive voice You are known to her very well.
known is followed by ‘to’)
Known for (recognized for quality) Arnav is well known for his benevolence.
Known by (familiar) A man is known by the company he keeps.
Lacking in (deficiency) The students are not lacking in intellectual ability.
Lame of (limp, injured in leg) Their hearing is intact from birth, nor are they dumb or lame
of limb.
Laugh at (to mock something or If I try to speak people will laugh at my ideas.
someone)
Laugh with (to have chuckle with It is better to laugh with people than to laugh at them.
others)
Lax in (carelessness, negligence) Officials noticed a lax in security this spring.
Lean against (incline against A man was leaning against the wall.
something)
Lean on (to depend on someone) I had to lean on him in difficulties.
Lean to (incline) He seem to lean more to his daughter than his son.
16 | P a g e
Leniency to (mercy) In previous years, universities have shown leniency to those

who narrowly missed out on grades, but this is unlikely to
happen.
Liable for (responsible) I hold you liable for the murder.
Liable to ( culpable) He is liable to imprisonment and fine
Liking for (fondness) She has a great liking for parents.
Limit to (restriction) There is always a limit to friendship.
Listen to (lend an ear to) You should listen to the advice of your elders.
Live in (to reside) He is living in America.
Live by (hard labour) I have to live by the labour of my own hands.
Live on (depend on food) He lives entirely on vegetables these days.
Live within (not spending beyond We have to struggle to live within our means, but we
income) manage.
Look after (take care) Please look after my little boy.
Look at (examine) The doctor needs to look at the wound before you leave.
Look for (search) I am looking for Mr. William Wilson.
Look into (investigate) A federal grand jury is looking into the charges of
misconduct.
Lost to (defeated) Our team lost to the Pune Riders for the seventh year in a
row.
Loyal to (faithful) He was a sort of person who was very loyal to his friends.
Mad after/about/for/on (crazy for When it comes to sports, India is mad about cricket.
something)
Mad with (enrage) It's been two weeks since and I am going mad with this
waiting.
Malice towards (hostility) John’s malice towards his ex-wife led him to vandalize her
car.
Match for (equal in quality) His father is no match for my uncle.
Material to (significant) / She had nothing material to report.
Immaterial to (insignificant)
Menace to (dangerous) Black money is menace to the economy of the country.
Motive for (reason) The Police is unable to establish a motive for his mother.
Muse upon (ponder over a subject) Simran mused upon the subject.
Move to (bring someone to a point On listening to the tale of my sufferings Pearl was moved to
of crying) tears
Move with (to affect with emotion) Pearl was moved with pity at his plight.
Married to (man marrying a He is married to Margaret and they have a son
woman)
Married with (woman marrying a Jasmine was married with Arnav.
man)
17 | P a g e
Mix with (blend with a thing) Please don’t mix water with milk.
Mock at (make fun of a thing) Never mock at the poverty of others.
Meditate on (ponder over an event She was in tears when she meditated on her humiliation.
of past)
Meditate (think about future) She is meditating revenge for her humiliation.
Natural to (existing in or caused by Use what feels most natural to you.
humankind)
Necessary to (required) Maybe it wasn't necessary to say anything.
Need for/of (requirement) There would be no need for any high stressed jobs.
Negligent of (careless of a person, If you are negligent of self, you will neglect others.
thing or work)
Negligent in ( careless in duty) Don’t be negligent in your duty.
Neglectful of (disregardful of one’s He has been neglectful of his business.
duty)
Obedience to (submissiveness) He is acting in obedience to his conscience.
Obedient to (respectful to a Children are taught to be obedient to their parents.
person)
Objected to (opposed) Many people objected to working as teachers on Sunday.
Objection to (protest) The hen was very gentle, and made no objection to our
investigations.
Obliged by/to (grateful to a person) We are obliged to respond to requests within 20 working
days of receipt of the request.
Obstruction to (obstacle) Again we are pushed to contemplate woman as the
mysterious obstruction to the perfect purity of soul
Offensive to (insulting) What is offensive to one isn't to others.
Opportunity for (chance) There are a lot of job opportunities for teenagers in the
tourist industry.
Opposite to (conflicting) The reality is quite opposite to their self-claimed belief.
Overwhelm by (defeated by) The enemy was overwhelmed by our army.
Overwhelmed with (overload by Her mother was overwhelmed with love for his son.
emotions)
Originate in (begin from a place) Modern civilization originated in Europe.
Originate with (begin with a This scheme originated with the Finance Minister.
person)
Occupied in / with (busy in doing a I am occupied in solving the problems.
thing)
Operate on /upon (to perform The Doctor decided to operate on her leg immediately.
some process of work or
treatment)
Oblivious of (unaware) Oblivious of danger, they kept on marching ahead.
Offend at (upset at a thing) He was offended at my words.
18 | P a g e
Offend with (upset with a person) Please don’t get offended with her as she is honest.
Painful to (hurt) She finds it too painful to return there without him
Part from (separate from a person) I parted from my friend in Delhi.

Parted with (move away from a I miser cannot part with a single penny.
thing )
Partial to (having strong preference I am partial to pink.
or liking to)
Passion for (powerful emotion) Her passion for writing letters and putting her thoughts upon
paper grows more intense.
Peculiar to (particular) This habit is peculiar to my father.
Penetrate into (get inside The dim light could not penetrate into it.
something)
Pertinent to (relevant) The politician promised to answer all questions which were
pertinent to his campaign promises.
Pity for (sympathy) We should feel pity for the poor.
Pledged to (commit by solemn In 1958, with smallpox still killing two million people a year,
promise) the World Health Organization pledged to eradicate it.
Popular with (liked by people) He is popular with the students of the class.
Popular for (well known for He is popular for his honesty.
something)
Pray to God for something When there is imminent danger, many people pray to God.
Precaution against (preventive As a precaution against espionage, navigation in the
measures) adjacent waters was very severely regulated.
Predilection for (liking) He showed a predilection for poetry.
Preface to (introduction) Ram wrote a preface to his book.
Prefer to / preferable to (like I prefer tea to coffee.
better, favour)
Prejudicial to (biased) The extension of the Mongol Empire were prejudicial to the
Latin East.
Prepared for (ready) I do not feel you are prepared for such a duty.
Preside over (lead) The vice president will have to preside over the
next meeting.
Pretext for (excuse) There was no longer any plausible pretext for delay.
Prevent from (stop) The glory of ancestors should not prevent a man from
winning glory for himself.
Prior to (before anything else) Prior to the shooting, the suspect was seen purchasing a
shotgun.
Productive of (giving rise to) Your efforts have been productive of many benefits.
Proficient in (skilled) It was required to be proficient in a foreign language.
Profit by (gain advantage) Many receive advice only the wise profit by it.
19 | P a g e
Profitable to (beneficial) The deal was profitable to all of us.

Prone to (vulnerable) I've always been prone to headaches.
Proof of (evidence) We have no positive proof of her guilt
Proud of (feeling deep satisfaction She's very proud of her ancient royal lineage
of one’s achievement )
Provide with (supply) Each agent can provide with active service and intelligent
search.
Provided against (supply in We should always provide against a rainy day.
adversity)
Provided for (supply what is He died without providing against his family.
necessary for family etc.)
Partiality for (liking for something) She has partiality for sweets.
Partiality to (favour a person) She always shows partiality to his relatives.
Perish by (killed or decay because The tyrants perish by swords.
of famine or by sword etc.)
Perish with (die from hunger) They are perishing with starvation.
Point at (blame) No one can point at his character as he is quiet honest.
Point to (directed to) His speech pointed to a few problems related to poverty.
Pine for (crave for a person) She is pining for her lost son.
Pine away (die away with grief) She pined away in the memory of her lost son.
Play at (to play cards) We are playing at cards.
Play upon (to play musical She is playing upon the piano.
instruments)
Partake of (consume your share of They partook of our food and were satisfied.
food)
Prey on (exploit) The rich prey on the poor.
Pride on/in (satisfaction over one’s They prided themselves on their wealth.
achievement)
Prompt in (instant) You should be prompt in doing your duty.
Prevail against (to win over They prevailed against all odds in life.
someone or something, to face)
Prevail on /upon (to compel a I prevailed on him to come to attend the function.
person)
Quarrel over (fight over some They quarrelled over the division of their ancestral
issue) properties.
Quarrel with (fight with a person) Don’t quarrel with your friends over trifles.
Quest for (greedy for something) Jane’s quest for fame led her to do immoral things.
Quick at (fast) Dogs are quick at smiling.
Quick in (fast in doing a thing) The boy is quick in working out the problems.
Rebel against (to resist or revolt) Barbara rebelled against the teachers at the school.
20 | P a g e
Recovered from (to regain a normal The patient recovered from flu.
or usual condition)
Reduced to (lessen) This may reduce to three depending upon the requirement.
Reference to (context to) His journal contains many references to railways
Refrain from (hold back) You must refrain from all interferences.
Regard for (consideration) The government seems to act with little regard for human
rights.
Regardless of (despite everything) Jackson could always make her laugh regardless of her
misery.
Rejoice at (happiness for success) I was prepared to rejoice at a short-term victory.
Related to (associated) Most of the problems are related to pollution.
Relations with (connection) We've always had excellent relations with our neighbours
Relevant to (appropriate) I was able to find a book in the library that will be relevant to
my research project.
Remorse for (repent) She felt remorse for neglecting her old parents.
Remarkable for (extraordinary) These islands are remarkable for a number of architectural
remains of a very early date.
Remiss in (negligent) Remiss in her duties, the waitress forgot to take water to her
tables.
Replete with (full) History is replete with examples of the dangers of war.
Reply to (respond) I received her reply to my letter in the mail this morning.
Repugnance to / Repugnant to The repugnance to animal food is not the effect of
(disgust, hatred) experience, but is an instinct.
Reputation for (fame) The best hotel in the city has a reputation for providing
outstanding customer service
Resemblance to (similarity) This wallet bears a strong resemblance to the one I lost last
month.
Respite from (break, rest) The land prospered rapidly during this respite from the
horrors of war.
Responsible for (accountable) You're responsible for cleaning your own clothes and linens.
Restricted to (confined) The direction of flow of water is more or less restricted
to certain channels.
Result of (outcome) The result of that battle had been deplorable.
Revenge on (vengeance from a She took revenge on him for his misdeeds.
person or anything)
Revenge oneself (vengeance from a He revenged himself of his enemy for the murder of his
person) brother.
Revolt against (rebel) The citizens were gathering arms, preparing to revolt against
the government.
Reconcile oneself to (accept the You must reconcile yourself to the circumstances and
circumstances) endure them.
Reconcile with (restore friendly He has not yet been reconciled with his wife.
relations)
21 | P a g e
Reckon on/ upon (depend) You can safely reckon upon the books for advice.
Remonstrate with (protest) The players remonstrated with the umpire against his
L>B.W. decision.
Reason with (try to persuade a I reasoned with him but could not bring him round.
person)
Replace by (take place of Old furniture will be replaced by new one.
something)
Repent of (regret) He repented of the misdeeds of his youth.
Recourse to (option, possibility) They took recourse to wrong means for success.
Sacred to (pious) Cows for instance are sacred to Hindus.
Satiated with (satisfied) It is only when you are satiated with your desires.
Satisfied with (contended) I have never been satisfied with my work.
Save from (rescue) He tried to save something from his travel expenses
Search for (to find) He probably went to search for food.
See into (investigate) Mother could see into Mary very well and knew exactly what
she was up to.
Sensible of (practical) It is sensible of you to follow her advice
Sensitive to (responsive to) I'm very sensitive to the cold, so I think I'd better put on a
sweater
Sentenced to (punish) Lawrence was sentenced to death.
Sequel to (continuation of a film in Is it a worthy sequel to the first film?
another part etc.)
Short of (less than) He died at sixty-one, four years short of his pensionable age.
Sick of (not well, tired of Mary was sick of being stuck in traffic.
something)
Smile at (mock) All his friends smiled mockingly at his failure.
Smiled on (happy) At last fate smiled on him and he was successful.
Sorry for (regretful) Vanessa was genuinely sorry for hurting your feelings.
Stick to (firm) Why don't you make up your mind and stick to just one?
Subject to (dependent or Private secondary schools are subjected to state inspection.
conditional on)
Submission to (yielding ) The British, especially, appear to have been submissive to
the native powers at Madras.
Subsist on (depend on) For months together a Rohan will subsist on vegetables.
Succession to (sequence,. descent) The prince’s child is third in the line of succession to be king
Suffering from (undergoing pain, She's suffering from a serious disease.
disgust, hardship etc.)
Sufficient for (enough) He had a small private income which was sufficient for her
needs.
Suitable to (be acceptable to) People can come together and choose a form of government
22 | P a g e
suitable to them.
Superior to (better than) A man's wealth may be superior to him
Supplement to (addition to) There is a special financial supplement to the newspaper
every Friday.
Sure of (certain) The school counsellor encouraged the students to send their
applications to several colleges to be sure of getting a place.
Surprised at (amazed) I was a little surprised at the invitation.
Surrender to (yield) During the war, many soldiers chose to die rather than
surrender to the enemy
Susceptible to (prone to) You're so susceptible to flattery.
Suspicious of (doubtful) I was suspicious of Tom from the start.
Sympathise with (pity) I sympathize with you about what you are going through
Show off (draw attention to Mrs. Williams was showing off her new car to the neighbors.
oneself)
Speak for (to support/ testify I would be happy to speak for you in court.
someone)
Speak of (reflect a particular Jeff's behavior spoke of a good upbringing.
quality)
Start on (begin) After dinner, I started on my homework.
Strive for (try) We must strive for the greatest authenticity possible.
Strive with (competing) Don’t strive with the rich and the powerful.
Side with (favour) He would never side with those who are unjust.
Seek (try to find shelter) He sought shelter in the house of his friend when there were
riots.
Seek for (try to win) He always sought for his aim in his life.
Seek after (aspire) He is much sought after actor these days.
Suffer (loss) He suffered heavy loss in business.
Suffer from (hardship) He is suffering from cancer.
Substitute for (replacement) New furniture will be substituted for old one.
Shoot (successful in attempt) The police shot the robber dead.
Shoot at / strike at (unsuccessful in The police shot at the thief who escaped in darkness.
attempt)
Spark off (trigger off, give rise to) Communal speech will spark off riots in the town.
Seething with (anger, discontent) The residents of the locality were seething with anger over
the apathy of the police.
Slow at (sluggish) They are extremely slow at reaching decisions.
Scare of (frighten) I got scared of the sound of bomb blast.
Talk over (to discuss) Let's talk over the plan after school.
Talk to (speak to someone) She didn't come here to talk to me.
23 | P a g e
Tantamount to (equivalent to) His remarks are tantamount to insult.

Taste for (experience) The Smiths have a taste for adventure and take exotic
vacations
Teeming with (full of) During the summer, the beach is always teeming with
teenagers.
Temperate in (moderate) A person who makes sure he doesn't overeat or over-indulge
is an example of someone who would be described as
temperate in his habits.
Temptation to (desire) She placed them in a chair, resisting all temptation to look at
them until every child had received his gifts.
Think of (contemplate) Whenever I see a rainbow, I think of Susan.
Think over (ponder over Let me think over your request for a day or so.
something)
Threaten with (frighten) The principal threatened the rowdy students with expulsion.
Tired of/with (exhausted) I'm tired of all the lies and deceit in this relationship.
Tolerant of (patient) Do you think he'll be as tolerant of your principles as I am?
Trade in (dealing in some They trade in furs and skins.
commodity)
Trade with (doing business with a Japan does a lot of trade with Britain
person)
Traitor to (disloyal) Some say he was traitor to the Country.
Triumph over (victory) I love and value nothing but triumph over them.
True to (honest) One must be true to one’s word.
Trust in (believe in something or Can I trust in the figures in this report?
someone)
Turn to (to seek or expect I turn to my dictionary for help.
something from someone or
something)
Trifle with (treat without The physician cannot afford to trifle with the Medical Board.
seriousness or respect)
Trespass on (invade land) Do not trespass on government land.
Trespass against (disobey law) The player who trespasses against the rules or ignore them
is a “spoil-sport”
Treat of (deal with) You should treat of this problem patiently.
Useful for (productive) Aspirins are useful for headaches.
Useful to (beneficial) It can be useful to write a short summary of your argument
first.
Usher in (begin, bring out) Globalisation has ushered in an era of market economy.
Versed in (highly experienced) She is versed in the art of cooking.
Victory over (defeat opponent) They won a miraculous victory over much stronger enemy
Void of (devoid of, empty) Suddenly the street was void of people
24 | P a g e
Vote for (vote for a person) I don’t vote for worthless politicians.
Vain of (proud of) Though rich, she is not vain of her wealth.
Vexed with (annoyed with a Don’t get vexed with me.
person)
Vexed at (annoyed at a thing) He was vexed at his failure.
Venture upon (take risk) He did not dare to venture upon new enterprise.
Wait for (hold back for a person) He was waiting for her.
Want of (absence) What makes life dreary is the want of a motive.
Warn of (alert of danger/ bad He warned the nation of financial crises.
consequences etc.)
Weary of (tired) He was weary of study and retired to bed.
Wonder at (surprised at) The boys gazed in wonder at the shiny red Ferrari.
Worthy of (deserving) The labourer is worthy of his hire.
Wish for (desire) Be careful what you wish for.
Ward off (do away with evils etc.) She was given a magic charm to ward off evil spirits
Wanting in (lack of) They were skilled, but wanting in discipline.
Yield to (submissive) The people who were held down ruthlessly would not yield to
aggressors.
Yearn for (crave) She yearned for the return to her own home.
Zeal for (passion) She had a true zeal for journalism.
Practice Questions
ENGLISH
Conjunctions

Code: NABARD50
Conjunctions
EXERCISE - 1
1. I visit the Grand Canyon _______ I go to Arizona. (once, whenever, wherever)
2. This is the place _______ we stayed last time we visited. (where, when, how)
3. _________ you win first place, you will receive a prize. (wherever, if, unless)
4. You won’t pass the test _________ you study. (when, if, unless)
5. I could not get a seat, _________ I came early. (as, though, when)
6. We are leaving Wednesday _________ or not it rains. (if, whether, though)
7. Pay attention to your work _________ you will not make mistakes. (so that, unless, or)
8. The musicians delivered a rousing performance _________ they had rehearsed often.
(though, as, once)
9. She’s honest _________ everyone trusts her. (if, so, when)

Conjunctions
10. Write this down _________ you forget. (or, when, lest)
11. I plan to take my vacation _________ in June ______ in July. (whether - or, either - or, as - if)
12. _________ I’m feeling happy _________ sad, I try to keep a positive attitude. (either - or, whether - or,
when - I’m)
13. ______ had I taken my shoes off ______I found out we had to leave again. (no sooner - than, rather -
than, whether - or)
14. _____ only is dark chocolate delicious, ______it can be healthy. (whether - or, not - but, just as - so)
15. _________ I have salad for dinner, _______I can have ice cream for dessert. (if -then, when - than,
whether - or)
16. ______ flowers _______ trees grow _____ during warm weather. (not only - or, both - and, not - but)
17. _______ do we enjoy summer vacation, _______ we _______ enjoy winter break. (whether - or, not only
- but also, either - or)
Conjunctions
18. Calculus is _______ easy _______ difficult _______ (not - but, both - and, either - or)
19. It’s _______ going to rain _______ snow tonight. (as - if, either - or, as - as)
20. Savory flavors are _______ sweet _______ sour. (often - and, neither - nor, both - and)
21. My car has a radio _______ a CD player. (but, or, and)
22. Sharon hates to listen to rap music, _______ will she tolerate heavy metal. (but, nor, or)
23. Carol wanted to drive to Colorado, _______ Bill insisted that they fly. (and, or, but)
24. I’m afraid of heights, _________ I appreciate the view from the top of this building. (and, yet, nor)
25. I have to be on time, _________ my boss will be annoyed if I’m late. (and, nor, for)
Conjunctions
26. Do you like chocolate _________ vanilla ice cream better? (or, nor, and)
27. I have to go to work at six, _________ I’m waking up at four. (but, so, yet)
28. I was on time, _________ everyone else was late. (so, but, for)
29. Nadia doesn’t like to drive, _________ she takes the bus everywhere. (but, yet, so)
30. Our trip to the museum was interesting, _________ there were several new artifacts on display. (but,
for, yet)
31. Bianca wore her rain boots; _________, her feet stayed dry during the storm. (however, therefore, on
the other hand)
32. I love the color red; _________, this shade seems a little too bright. (therefore, nonetheless, in fact)
33. You have to be on time; _________, you’ll miss the train. (nonetheless, however, otherwise)
Conjunctions
34. Teresa likes to read; _________, her sister Julia prefers to watch TV. (however, in contrast, again)
35. She really wanted to eat ice cream; _______, she had a salad. (however, likewise, instead)
36. We were working hard; _________, Jill and Jerry were lounging by the pool. (meanwhile, instead,
therefore)
37. He is a weak leader; _________, he has plenty of supporters. (otherwise, moreover, nevertheless)
38. She has an incredible voice; _________, she will go far in her music career. (otherwise, undoubtedly,
similarly)
39. Natalie wanted to make pie but didn’t have apples; _________, she decided to bake a cake. (therefore,
namely, in contrast)
40. We had hoped to go to Spain; _________, we ended up in France. (otherwise, instead, again)
Conjunctions
EXERCISE – 2
1. If I knew that my friend had planned to visit the town today, I would have made his stay
comfortable. No error.
2. The reason he was late was because he had been caught in rain. No error.
3. Neither the size nor the colour of the gloves were right. No error.
4. Both Mamta as well as Vina were absent from the class. No error.
5. Until, I do not inform my teacher I shall not go out of the school. No error.
6. I am opposed to the plan of action not because it is ill conceived but that it seems impracticable. No
error.
7. I cannot say that he was passed. No error.
8. No such boy who is living here would do this. No error.
9. All the books what you bought are not upto the mark. No error.
Conjunctions
10. It is better to write with a pen whose nib is smooth. No error.
11. He was talking of the women who he told he met in America. No error.
12. Nothing is as good like we think. No error.
13. He is a good student but I have much pleasure in granting him scholarship. No error.
14. He started early because he might not get late. No error.
15. When you wait a little longer I shall fetch food for you. No error.
16. She ran up stairs no sooner she saw her father. No error.
17. Water who we drink should be boiled. No error.
18. Hardly did the rain stop than the match will start. No error.
19. He met a girl who colour was fair. No error.
20. Wait so that you should fall into their trap. No error.
Conjunctions
21. I have not written to her after she left for America. No error.
22. Which I told my father was truth. No error.
23. She had waited long after her husband returned. No error.
24. Please tell me where you are going with your uncle. No error.
25. She will have deserted her husband by the time the divorce has been obtained. No error.
26. What I told him is a fact and nobody can deny it. No error.
27. Hardly had he left the house than the bandit broke into the house. No error.
28. What you said insulted me in the presence of others. No error.
29. He will not work for you until you pay him handsomely. No error.
30. The police came to find out as to when murder took place. No error.
Conjunctions
EXERCISE – 3
1) Both Shyam (a)/as well as Ghanshyam (b)/are interested to (c)/prepare the examination.
(d)/No error (e)
2) Scarcely had I bought (a)/the ticket than (b)/the postmaster showed (c)/the green flag.
(d)/No error (e)
3) I asked him (a)/that why he was (b)/not preparing for the (c)/U.P.S.C examination. (d)/No
error (e)
4) Fifteen years (a)/have passed (b)/that he came back (c)/from Darbhanga. (d)/No error (e)
5) In Bihar leaders are (a)/taking bad advantage of casteism (b)/I think it is (c)/nothing than
bad things. (d)/No error (e)
6) The criminal had (a)/hardly put the precious things (b)/in his bag than (c)/the landlord got
up.(d)/ No error (e)
Conjunctions
7) Either you (a)/and he (b)/went there (c)/to see the helpless. (d)/No error (e)
8) While I opened (a)/the gate of my house, (b)/I found (c)/a dead cat (d)/No error (e)
9) No sooner did the jeep arrive (a)/at the station (b)/then a young police officer (c)/jumped
out of it. (d)/No error (e)
10) His book has been (a)/missing from (b)/his room (c)/since yesterday (d)/No error (e)
11) I have never (a)/visited (b)/nor intend to visit (c)/foreign countries. (d)/No error (e)
12) His manners indicate (a)/that he has no other intention(b)/than (c)/to steal his money.
(d)/No error (e)
13) The headmaster advised the student (a)/who had failed in the examination twice (b)/that
not to attempt it again (c)/until he had time to prepare for it properly. (d)/No error (e)
Conjunctions
14) Nishant could not (a)/go to the picnic(b)/for his mother (c)/was not well. (d)/No error (e)
15) He says he (a)/is going to (b)/cut down(c)/his smoking.(d)/No error (e)
16) When learning to swim(a)/one of the most important things(b)/is to relax (c)/No error.(d)
17) He not only comes here (a)/for swimming but also for coaching (c)/new swimmers. (d)/No
error (e)
18) A more irrational world (a)/to this one in which (b)/ we presently live (c)/could hardly be
conceived. (d)/No error (e)
19) Hardly had (a)/I left the house (b)/than it began (c)/to rain. (d)/No error (e)
20) You should take (a)/a book with you (b)/unless (c)/ you have to wait. (d)/No error (e)
Conjunctions
EXERCISE – 4
Find out the error part of the following sentence:
1) There is (a)/a beautiful and old church (b)/in the centre (c)/ of the town. (d)/No error (e)
2) I was treated (a)/if (b)/I were (c)/an old friend. (d)/No error (e)
3) I’ll go (a)/with you (b)/as soon as (c)/I don’t have to sing. (d)/No error (e)
4) He’ll pay (a)/you as long as (b)/he receives (c)/the parcel. (d)/No error (e)
5) Remember to go (a)/there early, (b)/so long as (c)/you may not get a seat. (d)/No error (e)
6) At night we used to go out (a)/with our friends (b)/nor stay at home (c)/listening to music.
(d)/No error (e)
7) She has lived (a)/in New York for many years (b)/but regards New York (c)/as her home.
(d)/No error (e)
8) Since it’s his birthday (a)/on Monday (b)/so he’s (c)/having a party. (d)/No error (e)
Conjunctions
9) If you are a naughty boy, (a)/so the big crocodile (b)/will come (c)/and eat you. (d)/No error
(e)
10) His English (a)/is so poor (b)/so his beloved (c)/has to translate everything. (d)/No error (e)
11) He hadn’t taken (a)/any warm clothes (b)/with him (c)/so that he felt cold. (d)/No error (e)
12) We took (a)/our umbrellas (b)/so we (c)/wouldn’t get wet. (d)/No error (e)
13) I shall either go home (a)/to Muzaffarpur or my family (c)/will come to Patna. (d)/No error
(e)
14) Inside the examination room (a)/we could (b)/neither smoke (c)/or talk. (d)/No error (e)
15) Two of the biggest firms (a)/ are APPLE and IBM (b)/which both are (c)/in the computer
business. (d)/No error (e)
16) No sooner had (a)/we arrived (b)/when (c)/it began to rain. (d)/No error (e)
Conjunctions
17) The magazine (a)/covers everything from politics (b)/until what’s (c)/happening in
Hollywood. (d)/No error (e)
18) When I was (a)/driving to the airport, (b)/my car (c)/broke down. (d)/No error (e)
19) The weather here (a)/is always warm and (b)/this is the reason because (c)/there are so
many public swimming pools. (d)/No error (e)
20) Neither the salary (a)/or the work (b)/atmosphere was (c)/good in that office. (d)/No error
(e)
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

Practice Questions
ENGLISH
Articles

Code: NABARD50
Articles
EXERCISE – 1
Fill up the blanks in the following sentence 8) …….. sun shines brightly.
with A, An or The where necessary:
1) He has come without ………. umbrella. 9) Allahabad is ……….. holy city.
2) ……. Ganga is ……….. sacred river. 10)) Sanskrit is ………. easy language.
3) ………. French defeated ……… Germans. 11) English is ………… difficult language.
4) Which is ……….. lonest river in India? 12) If you see her, give her ……… message.
5) Honest men always speak ………. truth. 13) She looks as stupid as …….. owl.
6) Rustum was ……. young Parsee. 14) ………. sun rises in ……... East.
7) She returned after …….. hour. 15) You are ………. Fool to say that.
Articles
16) What ………. beautiful scene this is!
24) ………. Maharashtra is …….. holy book of ……….
17) She was killed in ………. accident. Hindus.
18) …………. pen is mightier than ……. sword. 25) ……… Everest is ……….. highest peak in ……….
World.
19) Get me ……… kilo of rice from ……… nearest
grocer. 26) ………. lion is ………. king of beasts.
20) They waited for her for ……… hour. 27) ……… honesty is ………… best policy.
21) ……… moon is shining in ……. sky. 28) He is ……….. postman.
22) Kashmir is ……… Switzerland of India. 29) She told ….. lie.
23) ……….. Himalayas lie to …….. north of India. 30) ……… novel you gave me is out of ……… print.
Articles
31) America is ……….. richest country in the
world. 38) ……… word to ………..wise is sufficient.
32) Iron is ………. useful metal. 39) …….. earth moves round …….. sun.
33) He is ………. Indian but his wife is ………. 40) ……… Banyan is ……… kind of …….. fig tree.
European.
41) She is ……….. better singer than ………. dancer.
34) …………. Andmans are ……….. group of
Islands in ……… Bay of Bengal. 42) ……….. secretary and ………. treasure was there.
35) Sushama is ………. Foolish girl. 43) …………secretary and ……….. treasure were
there.
36) But Rajani is ……… intelligent girl.
44) ………… black and ………. white horse is mine.
37) There is ………. great deal of water in …….
pond. 45) ………. black and ………. white horse are yours.
Articles
46) He is going to ………… hospital to visit ……
stick friend.
54) ………. aeroplanes can fly very fast.

47) ……….. fastest means of travelling is ……….
aeroplane.
55) ……….. books you gave me are very interesting.
48) ………. children go to …….. school to learn.

56) I love …….. truth and ………… wisdom.
49) The patient has not slept all ……… night.

57) Ahmadabad is ………. Manchester of India.
50) ……… dinner was not properly served.

58) Russia is …….. great country.
51) ……… breakfast is ready for us.

59) …….. rich should help …….. helpless.
52) Do you play ……… hockey?

60) This is ………. best book on English Grammar.
53) …….. cotton, …….. jute and ……… what are

grown in our country.
Articles
61) ……….. world is …….. happy place.
68) Call ………. girl standing not side.
62) …….. Russian sent up ……. first earth
satellite. 69) The people of Mithila speak ……… Maithili.
63) …….. Queen Elizabeth is ………. famous 70) ……… Bible is ………. religious book.
British liner.
71) Valmiki’s ……… Ramayana is a sacred book.
64) ………. Arabian Nights is ………. nice book.
72) …….. pacific ocean is ……… largest ocean in the
65) …….. Times of India is ………. Leading world.
newspaper.
73) I have …….. pen and ………. Inkpot.
66) ……….. more one has, …….. more one
wants. 74) ……….. horse is ………. Useful animal.
67) ……….. tiger is …….. fierce animal. 75) ……….. Daniel came to judgement.
Articles
76) ……… cat catches …… mouse.
84) ………. wisdom is ………. gift of heaven.
77) We drink ……. Water.

85) ………. wisdom of Solomon is famous.
78) I hope to be …….. engineer.

86) He was elected ……. chairman of the Board.
79) He behaves like …… fool.

87) ……. bird in ……… hand is worth two in …….
bush.
80) Don’t trust fellow, he is …….. liar.
88) One evening ………. beggar came to my door.

81) His son is ……… genius.
89) Twelve inches make ………… foot.

82) …….. gold is ……… precious metal.
90) …….. tenth chapter of the book is …….. very

83) ………. falsehood is odious.
interesting.
Articles
91) …….. Mr. Pandey whom you met last night is
my brother.
99) ………… Indian ocean is ………. deepest ocean.
92) Draw …….. map of India.
100) ……… Taj is one of ……. best buildings ocean.
93) How blue …….. sky looks!
101) ……… Hindus believe in ……… caste system.
94) It is ……… proudest moment of my life.
102) ………. Delhi is …….. London of India.
95) Eskimoes make …….. houses of …….. snow
and ……… ice. 103) ………. Persian Gulf is ……. caste system.
96) Dr hira Kant Jha is ……. Headmaster of 104) ………. Industrial Revolution changed ….. face
Yajuar High School. of England.
97) …… Punjab is a small state. 105) He struck me on …….. head.
98) …….. Gita is …….. holy book.

Articles
106) Akbar, …… great was loved by his subjects.
113) He is ………. L.L.B. but she is ……… M.A.
107) Bhavna is …….. more beautiful of the two

114) Mahajan is ………. Historian.
sisters.
115) Dr. Hemant Jha is …….. M.B.B.S,

108) ………. English is ….. international
language.
116) Please give me ……….. one-rupee note.
109) …….. Rice is ……… favourite food of

117) …….. summer of last year was very hot.
………… Bhiharis.
118) ……… summer is ……… hot season.

110) She enjoyed ……. lunch with her friends.
119) ……….. water is necessary for life.

111) ……….. Parliament has passed …….. bill.
120) ……….. water of this river is dirty.

112) Brutus was ………. honourable man.
Articles
121) …….. wheat is ………. wholesome meal.
129) My sister of only …….. F.O.
122) ……… wheat of ………. Punjab is liked by

130) ……. Yamuna is …….. sacred river.
all.
131) I saw ……. ugly boy riding on …….. ass.

123) ………… higher you go, cooler it is.
132) ………. Bible is ………. Religious book of ……….

124) ………. gold of South Africa is exported to
Christians.
many countries.
133) There is ………. union of domestic servants

125) She is ………. lover of ………. Ramayana.
also.
126) ……… cricket is ………. popular game.

134) ………. Rajadhani Express is ………. fastest
train in India.
127) ……… cricket of India is popular in the
world.
135) ……… Titanic met with ………. accident in
…….. Pacific ocean.
128) T.N. Sheshan is ……….. honest man.
Articles
136) …….. people of Japan are called ……..
Japanese.
144) There are …….. beautiful roses in ……… park.
137) His son-in-law wants ……… glass of ……..
milk. 145) ……… birds can fly very high in …….. sky.
138) …….. man is mortal. 146) Will you give me ………. piece of bread?
139) Mr. Mishra is ………. senior teacher. 147) She was …… Italian singer.
140) Do you lay ……… football? 148) I want to appoint ……… assistant.
141) Now you have ………. Interesting book. 149) …….. Piano is …….. musical instrument.
142) Is he going to England by ………. air? 150) My wife wants to go to …….. cinema every
Sunday.
143) It is pleasant to read ……… novel in ……..
evening.
Articles
158) What is ……….. language of ……….. people of
151) Don’t open …….. door.
Russia?
152) ……… friend in need is ………. Friend

159) India defeated ………. Pakistan in ………. Last
indeed.
hockey match.
153) Switch off …….. light.

160) We have adopted ………. Christianity.
154) ……….. patriot in him forced him to join

161) We were invited to …….. dinner …….. day
……
before yesterday.
army.
162) He is in need of ……….. money.

155) ……… accident took place here yesterday,
163) There is ………. Kalidas in my class.

156) Eggs are sold by ………. dozen.
164) We live on …….. earth.

157) …….. Quran is …….. holy book.
165) ……… nature looks beautiful in ………….
spring.
Articles
166) She first met me …….. year ago.
174) ……… guide knows …… way.
167) We should not make ……. noise in the
class. 175) One of my friends lives in ………… U.S.A.
168) When do you go to ……….. office? 176) …….. Lok Sabha passed ……….. bill yesterday.
169) Each of …….. girls has a book. 177) Many of ………. problems are linked to ……..
poverty.
170) ……… Bhartiya Janata Party is ………
ruling party. 178) You are …….. good publisher; I have ………
little doubt regarding your success.
171) There is ………. fish in ……. bottle.
179) ………… Prince of Wales found himself in
172) He goes there on ………. horseback. ………. dilemma.
173) She is on …….. television. 180) What ………. Innings it has been?
Articles
181) January is ……… first month of ………. 188) Nirala is considered to be ……….. ideal student.
year.
189) ……… poetry is ……. essence of humanity.
182) ………. action will be taken against him.
190) Kumle is ………. best bowler in ……….. country.
183) ………… industrious are rewarded.
191) I drive ……… motor car at ……… uniform
184) Of Delhi and Mumbai, which city is ………. speed.
hotter?
192) …………. nature of Sohan is bad,
185) They have joined …….. three-year course.
193) I have read ……….. first and ……… second
186) It was…….. coldest and ………. driest day. chapter of this book.
187) ………… thing of beauty is ……… joy for 194) But my brother has read ……. tenth and ………
ever. eleventh chapters of this book.
195) …….. Tribune is published from Chandigarh.

Articles
196) She is ……….. more beautiful of ……. two
204) ….. wisdom is …….. great virtue.
sisters.
205) ………. Hindustan Times gives …….. latest

197) ……… honesty shown by him was highly
news.
praised.
206) ………… Burmese are ……….. Buddhists.

198) …….. dinner will be held at ……. Ashoka
Hotel.
207) I have lost ……….. watch that my brother gave
me.
199) He is ………… heir to …… vast property.
208) …………. man you saw here yesterday is …..

200) My father is …….. lover of ………. Vedas.
uncle of mine.
201) ……… Vedas are revealed books.

209) ……… almighty will help us in our work.
202) ……… statesman and ……. scholar is dead.

210) ………. summer is ……… hot season but ………
summer of last year was …… very hot.
203) In India ………. parliament is supreme.
Articles
211) He was ………. greater statesman than 218) ……. weak and ………. strong, ………. noble and
administrator. …..... wicked all will meet the same fate.
212) ……… Punjab is ……….. land of …… brave. 219) This is ………. most fragrant flower in my
garden.
213) Delhi is ……. Paris of India.
220) He felt ……… patriot rise within his heart.
214) Dickens is famous as ……… novelist and 221) ……… more you labour, the more you earn.
…….. essayist.
222) ………. red and ……… white rose looks
215) ………. USA is ……… richest country of ….. beautiful.
world.
223) …….. red and …… white rose look beautiful.
216) ……… children recited ……. poem in ……..
honour of ……. Prime Minister. 224) ………. President and S.D.O are coming.
217) ………. S.D.O. is …… officer of ……. very 225) ………… President and …………. S.D.O is
high rank. coming.
Articles
226) ……… death of ……….. great scientists
causes ………. Great loss to …….. country. 233) Cloth was sold by …….. yard.
227) He moved from ……….. place to ……… 234) He was not in ……… mood to think.
place.
235) It is too difficult ……. problem to be solved.
228) Both ……….. husband and ………. wife
were in the room. 236) Let us go out for ……… walk.
229) ………. beggar moves from …….. door to 237) On such ………. cold morning I do not go out.
………. door.
238) ………. ewe was tied to ……… tree with …….
230) What kind of …… woman is she? rope.
231) ………… Ladies and …….. gentlemen, I have
to say much to you. 239) Kalidas was …….. poet and ………… dramatist.
232) O ……… dearest friend, when will you come 240) What kind of ……… book do you want?
again.
Articles
241) If you interfere with ……… nature, you will

suffer for it.
242) He arrived …….. home after dark.
243) ………. mud hut was …… only home he had

ever known.
244) I patted him on ……… shoulder.
245) His car struck ……. tree, you can still see
…… mark on …… tree.
Articles
EXERCISE – 2
1) Mr. Thakur lived (a)/ in the three-hundred year (b)/ old house (c)/ in Patna. (d)/ No error (e)
2) The English (a)/ defeated (b)/ french (c)/ in the battle of Waterloo. (d)/ No error (e)
3) An old man in the crowd (a)/ warned Julius Caesar (b)/ from the danger of death (c)/ on certain day.
(d)/ No error (e)
4) Never have I listened (a)/ to such a beautiful music (b)/ as the piece we heard on radio (c)/ last night.
(d)/ No error (e)
5) The uncle of mine (a)/ who is a farmer (b)/ gave me a piece of useful advice (c)/ when I went to see
him three weeks ago. (d)/ No error (e)
6) My neighbour along with his children (a)/ is going tonight (b)/ to see a Taj Mahal (c)/ at Agra. (d)/ No
error (e)
Articles
7) Don’t talk to (a)/ her, she always (b)/ remains in temper (c)/ these days. (d)/ No error (e)
8) He does not like (a)/ this type of a man (b)/ who does nothing but (c)/ find out fault in others. (d)/ No
error (e)
9) A first European (a)/ sailor came to India (b)/ in modern times (c)/ was Vasco-de-Gama. (d)/ No error
(e)
10) Mr. Pathak leads (a)/ a very busy life (b)/ so he goes everywhere (c)/ by a scooter. (d)/ No error (e)
11) Her mother (a)/ forbade her (b)/ to go to circus (c)/ late at night. (d)/ No error (e)
12) Mr. U. Jha has a white (a)/ and a black dog (b)/ which guard (c)/ his house from robbers. (d)/ No
error (e)
13) Only a few girls (a)/ were above ground (b)/ the rest were (c)/ under the ground. (d)/ No error (e)
Articles
14) Forty five student went (a)/ to the Church (b)/ yesterday to see (c)/ the stained glass there. (d)/ No
error (e)
15) My elder sister came home (a)/ after the sunset (b)/ and had gone (c)/ before sunrise. (d)/ No error
(e)
16) In the meeting (a)/ Mr. Yadav was (b)/ selected the chairman (c)/ yesterday. (d)/ No error (e)
17) Raza talked to Madhu (a)/ by a telephone (b)/ yesterday, but (c)/ she was not in her house. (d)/ No
error (e)
18) Kabir and Rahim (a)/ are great poets (b)/ but the former is (c)/ greater than latter. (d)/ No error (e)
19) The sun shines (a)/ by a day always and (b)/ not by night, because (c)/ it is the law of nature. (d)/
No error (e)
20) He (a)/ has abandoned (b)/ the criminal activities (c)/ after returning from Jail. (d)/ No error (e)
Articles
21) Mahatma Gandhi did not solve (a)/ all the problems of the future (b)/ but he did solve (c)/ problems
of his own age. (d)/ No error (e)
22) A first step (a)/ in a rational solution to any problem (b)/ is the recognition (c)/ that a problem
exists. (d)/ No error (e)
23) Knowledge of regional language is (a)/ necessary for bank officers because (b)/ they are to
understand (c)/ what their customers say. (d)/ No error (e)
24) We should drink (a)/ several glasses of the water (b)/ daily (c)/ if we want to remain healthy. (d)/ No
error (e)
25) You have been learning Tamil (a)/ for last one year (b)/ but you show (c)/ no improvement
whatsoever. (d)/ No error (e)
26) It is a fact (a)/ that most of people (b)/ desire to workless (c)/ but earn more. (d)/ No error (e)
27) Child was looking out (a)/ through the open window (b)/ with fear (c)/ in its eyes. (d)/ No error (e)
Articles
28) Everyone knows (a)/ that leopard is (b)/ faster than (c)/ all other animals. (d)/ No error (e)
29) Now days workers are less interested (a)/ in money as such (b)/ and appear to be more concerned
(c)/ about opportunities for autonomy and freedom. (d)/ No error (e)
30) The palmist friend of Rajni Mohan (a)/ had predicted that his son Raman would become an artist
(b)/ and (c)/ the prediction proved true. (d)/ No error (e)
31) Have the trip to Kashmir (a)/ this autumn (b)/ and weave (c)/ romance in your life. (d)/ No error (e)
32) He had already sent (a)/ me word (b)/ that his arrival (c)/ was scheduled for Thursday. (d)/ No error
(e)
33) I (a)/ went to a theatre (b)/ yesterday (c)/ with some people. (d)/ No error (e)
34) Having finished his breakfast (a)/ he started working (b)/ on the problem (c)/ that had been awaiting
disposal for the long time. (d)/ No error (e)
Articles
35) The new railway line (a)/ will greatly improve (b)/ transport and communication (c)/ in eastern part
of the country. (d)/ No error (e)
36) Every man, woman and child (a)/ is now aware of (b)/ the terrible consequences of (c)/ habit of
smoking. (d)/ No error (e)
37) The rich cannot accumulate (a)/ the wealth without (b)/ the co-operation (c)/ of poor in the society.
(d)/ No error (e)
38) Money (a)/ which is a source of (b)/ the happiness in life (c)/ becomes a source of peril and
confusion unless we control it. (d)/ No error (e)
39) Climbing the Mount Fuji (a)/ in winter (b)/ can be (c)/ very dangerous. (d)/ No error (e)
40) The language (a)/ school (b)/ is in (c)/ the Malibu Street. (d)/ No error (e)
41) Our plane (a)/ arrived (b)/ at (c)/ the Gatwick Airport. (d)/ No error (e)
Articles
42) Only very wealthy tourists (a)/ can afford (b)/ to stay (c)/ at Imperial Hotel. (d)/ No error (e)
43) She (a)/ is (b)/ arriving (c)/ on March the 25th. (d)/ No error (e)
44) It is not nr business (a)/ to give an advice to those (b)/ who are not sensible enough (c)/ to deal with
their own problems. (d)/ No error (e)
45) My friend insisted (a)/ that I should (b)/ see the movie (c)/ from beginning to end. (d)/ No error (e)
46) Prince Charles (a)/ is a heir (b)/ to the throne (c)/ of The Great Britain. (d)/ No error (e)
47) He has been sent to the prison (a)/ several times but (b)/ has not shown any sign (c)/ of
improvement in his conduct. (d)/ No error (e)
48) It being rainy day (a)/ most of the people (b)/ out on the street were (c)/ carrying umbrellas. (d)/ No
error (e)
Articles
49) The need to set up (a)/ a good library in the locality (b)/ has been in the minds of people (c)/ for
some time. (d)/ No error (e)
50) On my request (a)/ Jatin introduced me (b)/ to his friend (c)/ who is singer and scientist. (d)/ No
error (e)
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

Practice Questions
ENGLISH
Adjectives

Code: NABARD50
Adjectives
EXERCISE – 1
Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of Adjectives given in the brackets:
1) Her pen is ….. than yours.
(costly)
2) June is the ……. month of the year.
(hot)
3) Varsha is the …….. of the two girls.
(tall)
4) The public is the …….. judge.
(good)
5) Some people have …… money than brains.
(much)
6) Of the two evils choose the …….
(little)
7) Patna is the ……. town in Bihar.
(large)
Adjectives
8) Jhingur Babu was the ……. man in my village.
(rich)
9) Shankuntala is ….. than any other drama in Sanskrit.
(good)
10) Iron is …….. than copper.
(useful)
11) Ajay is the ……. boy in the class.
(clever)
12) Kolkata is …….. from Delhi than Patna is.
(far)
13) Who was the …….. man in the village?
(intelligent)
14) Today is the …….. night of the week.
(cold)
15) The rose is the ………. of all flowers.
(lovely)
Adjectives
16) Tamasa is ……… than Ahinsa.
(fat)
17) He is too …… to do this type of work.
(lazy)
18) He is ……. to his brother.
(senior)
19) The older I get, the …….. I am.
(happy)
20) She is becoming …….. and more beautiful.
(much)
Adjectives
EXERCISE – 2
1) As sooner as (a)/ you reach the port (b)/ report to (c)/ the desk officer. (d)/ No error (e)
2) Privatisation offers the most ideal situation (a) / for consumers because private sector (b) /
is very conscious of quality (c) / No error (d)
3) He is as intelligent if not more intelligent (a) / than his brother who has qualified (b) / for
this post (c) / No error (d)
4) It was difficult to get out (a)/ because the street was full of people (b)/ from one end to
another. (c)/ No error (d)
5) In my opinion (a)/ a pencil is always (b)/ more preferable to a pen. (c)/ No error (d)
6) My brother is elder (a) / than me although (b) / he looks younger (c) / No error (d)
Adjectives
7) Of all the students (a) / Rita was less worried (b) / when the date for the annual
examination was announced (c) / No error (d)
8) No king in that period (a)/ was so intensely involved (b)/ in the welfare of his people (c)/ as
king Ashoka. (d)/ No error (e)
9) I asked two persons (a)/ the way to the station (b)/ but none of them knew it. (c)/ No error
(d)
10) When it comes to comparison (a)/ between the two, (b)/ quality is most (c)/ important
than quantity. (d)/ No error (e)
11) Enough is enough, (a)/ I cannot now (b)/ tolerate this mischief (c)/ any much. (d)/ No
error (e)
12) Of the three ministers (a) / which do you think (b) / is going to prove more successful (c) /
No error (d)
13) Our new playground (a)/ is big (b)/ and cleaner (c)/ than theirs. (d)/ No error (e)
Adjectives
14) After he had read the two first chapters (a)/ of the novel (b)/ he felt like reading (c)/ the
book at one sitting. (d)/ No error (e)
15) Although he is my bossom friend (a)/ I cannot ask him for (b)/ money without any (c)/
vividly reason. (d)/ No error (e)
16) Your essay (a) / should not exceed more than (b) / hundred words (c) / No error (d)
17) He is the tallest (a) / than any other boy (b) / in the school (c) / No error (d)
18) All said and done (a)/ It is the basic values that (b)/ are most importance and (c)/ help
you in the long run. (d)/ No error (e)
19) We were very much (a)/ carefully in our approach (b)/ and hence we would (c)/ complete
the complicated task. (d)/ No error (e)
Adjectives
20) In our area (a)/ the journey by bus (b)/ is quick and safe (c)/ than by train. (d)/ No error
(e)
21) Anjali’s performance in the (a)/ drama was best than (b)/ Deepali’s but not (c)/ as good as
Vaishali’s. (d)/ No error (e)
22) He ran so fastly (a)/ that he reached (b)/ the destination in (c)/ just two minutes. (d)/ No
error (e)
23) Even the most perfect person (a) / in the world is said to have erred (b) / when there was
time to perform (c) / No error (d)
24) Simplest solution (a)/ than this expensive (b)/ method which you are suggesting (c)/
should be found out. (d)/ No error (e)
25) The tiger is (a) / as swift as (b) / any animal (c) / No error (d)
Adjectives
26) The world (a)/ comprises (b)/ good and bad people. (c)/ No error (d)
27) Dilip’s performance in the (a)/ film was worst than (b)/ Amit’s much fruit than his uncle.
(d)/ No error (e)
28) When Charles was (a)/ in the hospital (b)/ his sister sent (c)/ much fruit than his uncle.
(d)/ No error (e)
29) The faster he completes (a)/ the work given to (b)/ him, the largest (c)/ will be his profit.
(d)/ No error (e)
30) The captain declared that his ship had carried (a)/ no less than three hundred passengers
(b)/ on the last voyage. (c)/ No error (d)
31) Some people get (a)/ used to changes (b)/ very easily than (c)/ others do. (d)/ No error (e)
Adjectives
32) The link road has (a)/ now become (b)/ the roughest road than (c)/ any other road in the
city. (d)/ No error (e)
33) She asked him (a)/ what it was that made him (b)/ so much stronger and braver (c)/ than
any man. (d)/ No error (e)
34) Everyone agrees that (a)/ the Ganga is the holiest (b)/ of all other rivers (c)/ of India. (d)/
No error (e)
35) His car is (a)/ more bigger than (b)/ that of any of us. (c)/ No error (e)
36) If you look up tea in a cookery book (a)/ you may find a little instructions (b)/ that give
you no help (c)/ on several important points. (c)/ No error (d)
37) Which (a)/ do you prefer (b)/ more meat (c)/ or fish? (d)/ No error (e)
Adjectives
38) The new assignment is (a)/ more challenging than (b)/ much of the (c)/ earlier assignment
(d)/ No error (e)
39) Few words of (a)/ gratitude are enough (b)/ to express your (c)/ feeling sincerely. (d)/ No
error (e)
40) For millions of people (a)/ his retirement from (b)/ cricket has been (c)/ a greatest shock.
(d)/ No error (e)
41) Whenever man attains fame (a)/ his person qualities are (b)/ imitated by others who (c)/
are close to him. (d)/ No error (e)
42) His obviously reluctance (a)/ was viewed seriously by (b)/ his superiors and (c)/ he was
suspended. (d)/ No error (e)
43) You must realize (a)/ how importance it is (b)/ to give away to the needy (c)/ whatever you
posses in excess. (d)/ No error (e)
Adjectives
44) Some people have (a)/ generously contributed to the welfare fund (b)/ but they wanted
that there names (c)/ should not be published. (d)/ No error (e)
45) His good qualities include (a)/ his ability to take (b)/ quickly and (c)/ appropriate
decisions. (d)/ No error (e)
46) It goes to his credit (a)/ that he was a clean man (b)/ in politics as well as (c)/ his person
dealings. (d)/ No error (e)
47) His strictly discipline (a)/ had made him (b)/ very unpopular among (c)/ all the employees.
(d)/ No error (e)
48) Ramesh has been both (a)/ a dishonestly person (b)/ and a gambler (c)/ since his
childhood. (d)/ No error (e)
49) He was delighted (a)/ by the intelligent and brightness (b)/ of the scholars (c)/ who used
to visit him. (d)/ No error (e)
Adjectives
50) We were happy that (a)/ the audience responded well (b)/ and gave all the speakers (c)/ a
patiently listening. (d)/ No error (e)
51) Your over dependent on (a)/ others even for (b)/ trivial matters may (c)/ prove
disadvantageous. (d)/ No error (e)
52) The economical condition (a)/ of our country is bad (b)/ and unlikely to improve (c)/ in the
near future. (d)/ No error (e)
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

Practice Questions
ENGLISH
Determiners

Code: NABARD50
Determiners
EXERCISE – 1
Fill in the blanks with ‘some’ or ‘any’:
1) He does not want …… coffee.
2) Did you see ….. girl there?
3) He saw ….. girls dancing on the stage.
4) Will you give me …… sugar.
5) There is ……. coffee in the kitchen, but there isn’t …… milk.
6) Ashok has ……. Books but Rohan hasn’t ….. .
7) Please give me ……. more rice. I am sorry, there isn’t …..
8) You have ……. more books to read.
9) Put …… sugar in my tea.
10) Have you got …… trouble?
Determiners
EXERCISE – 2
Fill in the blanks with ‘much’ or ‘many’:
1) Mr. Prasad has got …… experience.
2) How ….. time will he take to do this sum?
3) How …… days will she take to complete this work?
4) How …… times have you gone to the zoo?
5) How …….. water is there in this bucket?
6) The boys did not make …… noise.
7) I don’t know how ….. men he has cheated.
8) How ……… students are there in the class?
9) There is not ……. milk in the bucket.
10) There are not ……. people present in the meeting.
Determiners
EXERCISE – 3
Fill in the blanks with ‘little’, ‘a little’ or ‘the little’:
1) There is ……… coffee in this cup.
2) ……. money is needed to save his life.
3) ……. money she had was all stolen.
4) You have …….. money.
5) A foolish student has …… care for his life.
6) ……. money he had spent over his brother’s education.
7) If you save …… money everyday, you can get a good sum in a year.
8) There is …… hope of his recovery.
9) …….. knowledge is a dangerous thing.
10) You have …… appreciation of good poetry.
Determiners
EXERCISE – 4
Fill in the blanks with ‘few’, ‘a few’, ‘the few’:
1) ….. men are free home faults.
2) ……. books are as popular as the Gita.
3) Mukesh is with me for ….. days.
4) Just ……. good books can make a man wise.
5) Mr. Thakur spoke …… words and sat down.
6) ……. words he spoke were full of wisdom.
7) …….. students I have are wise and disciplined.
8) ……. years I spent in Darbhanga were not happy.
9) If you spend …… rupees, you can get good pens.
10) I have read ….. books.
Determiners
EXERCISE – 5
Fill in the blanks with ‘very few’ or ‘very little’:
1) I have …….. time to arrange the party.
2) ……… students came to attend the class.
3) ……. money is needed for this project.
4) There were …… students in the class.
5) There was ……. milk in the pot.
6) ……. of them were anxious to solve that sum.
7) …….. of those students were intelligent.
8) Your father has …… money to give you.
9) ……. girls were present in the show.
10) There is …….. milk to prepare tea.
Determiners
EXERCISE – 6
Fill in the blanks with ‘a certain’ or ‘certain’:
1) I know ….. boy who is wicked.2) ……. drugs are a cure for snake bite.
3) He met …… girls yesterday.
4) …….. people were standing at the gate.
5) …….. man was looking for you.
6) He knew ……… young woman who was beautiful and proud.
7) One day I was teaching ………. girl who was industrious.
8) He was playing with ……. boys.
9) Rupa was dancing with ….. old man.
10) …….. actors came on the stage and started to sing.
Determiners
EXERCISE – 7
Fill in the blanks with suitable determiners given in the brackets:
1) There is not ……. sugar in this pot now but here was ……. sugar in it yesterday.
(some, any)
2) There is not …… water in the well.
(much, many)
3)) ….. people think that there will be a war soon.
(much, many)
4) I have ……. Friends in Patna.
(a few, a little)
5) I know …… Bengali and less Hindi.
(little, a little)
6) Mr. Yadav has .…… chance of being elected.
(little, a little)
7) …… village in Bihar have dispensaries.
(few, a few)
Determiners
8) There are …….. milk in the glass.
(some, any)
9) There are …….. pens on the table.
(some, any)
10) ……… guests came to see him this evening but he saw only ………
(a lot of, a few)
11) Sometimes she put ……. salt in my vegetables.
(a few, a little)
12) I had …… work to do this morning but I could do only …….
(a lot of, a little)
13) Binay has bought two pens, and ….. pen is black.
(each, every)
14) A dog is a …… animal.
(faithful, faithfully)
15) There were trees on ……… side of the road.
(either, every)
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

Practice Questions
ENGLISH
Adverbs

Code: NABARD50
Adverbs
EXERCISE – 1
Correct the following sentences:
1) He is too glad to meet you.
2) Peace is too kind for man.
3) It is very hot to play cricket.
4) The rabbit runs enough fast to win the race.
5) Aditya has acted enough boldly to deserve praise.
6) When his dearest wife died, he was little sorry.
7) When Aman felt little hungry and thirsty, he cried for help.
8) He is very more intelligent than Rahul.

Adverbs
9) Krish is much very stronger Ashish.
10) He is very the best player in his cricket team.
11) You talk very but do nothing.
12) He is very obliged to you.
13) That news was much distressing.
14) This sum is much difficult but that is much easy.
15) He is very interested in your story.
16) It gives much too pain.
17) It is too much painful.

Adverbs
18) My sister-in-law will be too only glad to see me.
19) He is present a teacher.
20) Rahul wants to stand first in the Board Examination and so he works hardly.
21) Mr. Mishra has gone presently.
22) Presently Raman is a sales representative.
23) As the accountant came lately, he was punished.
24) It was only five years ago since he left this job.
25) He never ago saw such a bad man.
26) He does cheerfully his duties.

Adverbs
27) She can only pass when she works hard.
28) We can almost get everything in the black market.
29) We must work with honestly and sincerely.
30) With most humbly and respectfully I beg to state.
31) He worked in all night.
32) He will come on Monday next.
33) He will come on Sunday.
34) Mr. Thakur writes with patiently and confidently.
35) He goes to home everyday.

Adverbs
36) You hardly do not work.
37) He came here on yesterday.
38) He prevented me from not going there.
39) I forbade her not to enter this room.
40) My daughter writes too neatly and spells too accurately.
41) Tendulkar was so young when he started playing international cricket.
42) Two hours have elapsed since he had fallen asleep.
43) I first read these rules in 1993 and have remembered them since ever.
Adverbs
44) I have received no letter, neither from him nor from her.
45) I am not by no means as clever as he is.
46) The rain sudden began to fall.
47) He goes to the cinema off and on.
48) She has been learning English now and then.
49) Your brother recovered his health by and by.
50) He will, of course, come here tomorrow.
51) Did she go there? Of course she did.
52) She lost her daughter and certainly she felt much grieved.
Adverbs
EXERCISE - 2
1) I came directly (a)/ to my residence (b)/ from the airport. (c)/ No error (d)
2) She does not hardly (a)/ know what (b)/ happened yesterday. (c)/ No error (d)
3) It was most (a)/ unfortunate that he (b)/ early died at the (c)/ age of 41. (d)/ No error (e)
4) In the last week (a)/ I told him to come (b)/ in time but he still (c)/ comes late everyday.
(d)/ No error (e)
5) The real important thing (a)/ of our life is our livelihood (b)/ which discriminates us from
animals. (d)/ No error (e)
6) She is too much beautiful (a)/ so most of the boys (b)/ run after her and (c)/ want to
influence her. (d)/ No error (e)
Adverbs
7) Whenever is the matter (a)/ I shall do this work (b)/ because I have to expose (c)/ my
working capacity at any cost. (d)/ No error (e)
8) The culprits of (a)/ the bomb explosion have (b)/ not yet (c)/ been discovered. (d)/ No error
(e)
9) Whatever work (a)/ that which you undertake (b)/ put your best (c)/ efforts in it. (d)/ No
error (e)
10) You scooter would not (a)/ have given you so much trouble (b)/ if you had (c)/ maintained
it proper. (d)/ No error (e)
11) The taxi driver who had come (a)/ to receive us at (b)/ the airport was speaking (c)/
fluently french. (d)/ No error (e)
12) Whenever you speak (a)/ take care that (b)/ others are not hurt (c)/ by your words. (d)/
No error (e)
Adverbs
13) I (a)/ was delighted (b)/ to see him (c)/ fully recover. (d)/ No error (e)
14) The observers feel that (a)/ the stronger team had to face defeat (b)/ because the players
(c)/ don’t play whole hearted. (d)/ No error (e)
15) Although he is usually (a)/ rude with everyone, (b)/ he behaved nice with (c)/ all of us
today. (d)/ No error (e)
16) He ran so fastly (a)/ that he reached (b)/ the destination in (c)/ just two minutes. (d)/ No
error (e)
17) In spite of toiling (a)/ very hardly he (b)/ realized that he had (c)/ not earned anything
substantial. (d)/ No error (e)
18) We were very much (a)/ carefully in our approach (b)/ and hence we would (c)/ complete
the complicated task. (d)/ No error (e)
Adverbs
19) Hard had he (a)/ thrown the ball (b)/ when it fell (c)/ on the ground. (d)/ No error (e)
20) We are confident (a)/ enough to earn (b)/ our livelihood by (c)/ toiling hardly. (d)/ No error
(e)
21) All said and done (a)/ it is the basic values that (b)/ are most importance and (c)/ help
you in the long run. (d)/ No error (e)
22) She was so (a)/ emotional stable that (b)/ she was not moved (c)/ by their decision to
suspend her. (d)/ No error (e)
23) The villagers fled away their houses (a)/ when they saw (b)/ the flood water rising. (c)/ No
error (d)
24) This machine looks (a)/ good but is very (b)/ badly designed (c)/ and does not work good.
(d)/ No error (e)
Adverbs
25) Vikas has been writing (a)/ that essay (b)/ for two hours (c)/ but he still has not finished
it. (d)/ No error (e)
26) He is sure (a)/ to succeed because (b)/ he is used (c)/ to working very hardly. (d)/ No error
(e)
27) All of them (a)/ worked very careful (b)/ right from the beginning (c)/ till they finished. (d)/
No error (e)
28) He has been working with me (a)/ for the last ten years (b)/ but I can not claim (c)/ that I
have understood him thorough. (d)/ No error (e)
29) He was looking impatient (a)/ at the unwanted visitor (b)/ who showed (c)/ no signs of
leaving the room. (d)/ No error (e)
30) The old man continued living a hard life (a)/ but never he asked (b)/ for any help from
neighbours. (c)/ No error (d)
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

Practice Questions
ENGLISH
Active - Passive

Code: NABARD50
Active - Passive
EXERCISE – 1
1) The inspector (a)/ arrested the robber (b)/ and send (c)/ him to prison. (d)/ No error (e)
2) It believed (a)/ that he(b)/ was very rich (c)/ in the village. (d)/ No error (e)
3) We were pleased (a)/ by the news (b)/ which we had received (c)/ a day before. (d)/ No error
(e)
4) My mother suggested me (a)/ that I should (b)/ write to her at least (c)/ two letters every
month. (d)/ No error (e)
5) Whom was (a)/ Jai Prakash Narayan (b)/ called (c)/ Loka Nayak? (d)/ No error (e)
6) He was extremely (a)/ annoy by (b)/ his wife’s unreasonable (c)/ activity. (d)/ No error (e)
7) Binay said that (a)/ the famous professor (b)/ had been ran over (c)/ by a truck. (d)/ No
error (e)
Active - Passive
8) By whom (a)/ was the teacher helped (b)/ when he seriously wounded (c)/ by a criminal?
(d)/ No error (e)
9) The robbers were broken (a)/ into the house (b)/ and took away (c)/ many precious things.
(d)/ No error (e)
10) The benches have been arranged (a)/ for the newly registered (b)/ students but they (c)/
have not been sat. (d)/ No error (e)
11) Whom was (a)/ the interesting (b)/ novel Godan (c)/ written? (d)/ No error (e)
12) My new book (a)/ will be (b)/ published (c)/ next month. (d)/ No error (e)
13) He is (a)/ very much (b)/ interest by (c)/ the plays of Shakespeare. (d)/ No error (e)
14) The work on the project (a)/ could not take up (b)/ as the government (c)/ did not provide
funds. (d)/ No error (e)
Active - Passive
15) Gandhi jee (a)/ will always remember (b)/ for what he did (c)/ for the country. (d)/ No
error (e)
16) The storm was so furious (a)/ that the roofs of (b)/ many houses (c)/ were blew off. (d)/ No
error (e)
17) Phulo refused (a)/ to admit that he (b)/ had charge sheeted (c)/ by the police. (d)/ No error
(e)
18) Your behaviour (a)/ is so rude (b)/ that everybody disgusted (c)/ with you. (d)/ No error (e)
19) He (a)/ will have arrested (b)/ before he commits (c)/ another murder. (d)/ No error (e)
20) Unless the syllabus (a)/ has completed, (b)/ no examination (c)/ should be held. (d)/ No
error (e)
21) The demands of the employees (a)/ are being examine (b)/ before a final decision (c)/ is
taken by the proprietor. (d)/ No error (e)
Active - Passive
22) The burglars broke (a)/ into the house and (b)/ took away some cash (c)/ and many
precious things. (d)/ No error (e)
23) Twenty persons killed (a)/ and a child was badly injured (b)/ in the bus accident (c)/
which took place last night. (d)/ No error (e)
24) Looking into the situation (a)/ that prevailed a few years ago (b)/ he was taken (c)/ that
decision. (d)/ No error (e)
25) Had the police not (a)/ reached here on time (b)/ he would have killed (c)/ by the
criminals. (d)/ No error (e)
26) You have lent (a)/ this book (b)/ by a friend (c)/ of yours. (d)/ No error (e)
27) Mr. Mohan Mishra had (a)/ to be operate on (b)/ to cure him (c)/ of his disease. (d)/ No
error (e)
28) Everyone’s aged parents (a)/ will be (b)/ properly (c)/ looking after. (d)/ No error (e)
Active - Passive
29) As she had (a)/ put on strange clothes, (b)/ she was (c)/ stared by. (d)/ No error (e)
30) The accused (a)/ was tried (b)/ and sentence to (c)/ a rigorous punishment. (d)/ No error
(e)
31) The university is going (a)/ to be hold (b)/ our examination (c)/ in this murder case. (d)/
No error (e)
32) The police (a)/ have been arrested (b)/ all the criminals (c)/ in this murder case. (d). No
error (e)
33) The improvement (a)/ of the economic condition (b)/ of the poor (c)/ must worked for. (d)/
No error (e)
34) Iraq was (a)/ illegally invade (b)/ by America and England (c)/ for oil. (d)/ No error (e)
35) He overcame (a)/ with sorrow when (b)/ he heard the sad news (c)/ of his failure. (d)/ No
error (e)
Active - Passive
36) When I reminded of the mistake (a)/ I had made, (b)/ I was struck with (c)/ a deep sense
of remorse. (d)/ No error (e)
37) The teacher was telling (a)/ by somebody that (b) there had been an explosion (c)/ in the
Town Hall. (d)/ No error (e)
38) I was told (a)/ by somebody that (b)/ there had an explosion (c)/ in the Town Hall. (d)/ No
error (e)
39) A house (a)/ is being build (b)/ by them next door (c)/ to our school. (d)/ No error (e)
40) He overcame (a)/ with sorrow when (b)/ he hear the sad news (c)/ of his failure. (d)/ No
error (e)
41) If you had not (a)/ come in time, (b)/ the child would have taken away (c)/ by the dacoits.
(d)/ No error (e)
42) The unreasonable behaviour (a)/ of his daughter was thoroughly upset (c)/ Mr. Gupta.
(d)/ No error (e)
Active - Passive
43) Due to (a)/ unfavourable condition (b)/ I was failed (c)/ to pay my examination fee. (d)/ No
error (e)
44) We (a)/ have to be paid (b)/ the taxes (c)/ by the end of March. (d)/ No error (e)
45) All of us (a)/ will be laughed (b)/ at them if (c)/ we go there in this dress. (d)/ No error (e)
46) They were arrested him (a)/ in a case of fraud, (b)/ but released him later, (c)/ thanks to
some political manipulations. (d)/ No error (e)
47) It hoped (a)/ by the daughters of Prime Ministers (b)/ that they would (c)/ succeed their
fathers. (d)/ No error (e)
48) One night some thieves (a)/ came into my house, (b)/ A lot of gold and clothes (c)/ took
away. (d)/ No error (e)
Active - Passive
49) Naturally they are expected you (a)/ to interest yourself (b)/ in the job (c)/ they have
offered you. (d)/ No error (e)
50) Unless they have cleared (a)/ all the dues, (b)/ we are not going to be given (c)/ them any
further concessions. (d)/ No error (e)
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

Complete Phrasal Verbs List
Phrasal
Verb Meaning Example
We have to ABIDE BY what the court
Abide by Accept or follow a decision or rule.
says.
They had to ACCOUNT FOR all the
Account for To explain.
money that had gone missing.
My partner's been away for a fortnight- I
Ache for Want something or someone a lot.
am ACHING FOR her.
The police were ACTING ON a tip from
To take action because of something like
Act on an informer and caught the gang red-
information received.
handed.
The medicine only ACTS ON infected
Act on Affect.
tissue.
Perform something with actions and
Act out They ACTED OUT the story on stage.
gestures..
Their anger is ACTED OUT in their
Act out Express an emotion in your behaviour.
antisocial behaviour.
My computer's ACTING UP; I think I
Act up Behave badly or strangely.
might have a virus.
To take action because of something like The police were ACTING UPON a tip-
Act upon
information received. off.
The enzyme ACTS UPON certain
Act upon Affect.
proteins.
You have to ADD the VAT ON to the
Add on Include in a calculation.
price they give.
We ADDED UP the bill to check it was
Add up To make a mathematical total.
correct.
Be a satisfactory explanantion for She explained why the work wasn't ready,
Add up
something. but her story doesn't ADD UP.
Trains delays are getting worse and with
Add up to Have a certain result. the high fares, it all ADDS UP TO misery
for the commuters.
The total costs ADD UP TO several
Add up to Come to a certain amount or figure.
million euros.
Affect- usually used in the negative to
I feel terrible- that food didn't AGREE
Agree with show that something has had a negative
WITH my stomach.
effect, especially is it makes you feel bad.
Aim at To target. The magazine is AIMED AT teenagers.
They're AIMING AT reducing costs by
Aim at Intend to achieve.
ten percent.
You should ALLOW FOR delays when
Allow for Include something in a plan or calculation.
planning a journey.
The rules don't ALLOW OF any
Allow of Make possible, permit.
exceptions.
Try to get something indirectly, by hinting He's been ANGLING FOR an invitation,
Angle for
or suggesting. but I don't want him to come.
Answer To reply rudely to someone in authority. Her mother was shocked when she started
ANSWERING her BACK and refusing to
back
help.
The government should be made to
Answer for Be held responsible for a problem. ANSWER FOR their failure to sort out
the problem.
Speak on behalf of someone or from I can ANSWER FOR my partner because
Answer for
knowing them. I know her position on this issue.
Beat someone in a debate, discussion or The teacher tried to ARGUE the girl
Argue down
argument. DOWN, but she couldn't.
Persuade someone to drop the price of
Argue down She ARGUED him DOWN ten percent.
something they're selling.
Try to persuade people not to accept a They tried to ARGUE DOWN the
Argue down
proposition, motion, etc. proposal.
If we can't ARGUE our differences OUT,
Argue out Argue about a problem to find a solution.
we'll have to take them to court.
Ask how someone is doing, especially
Ask about He ASKED ABOUT my father.
professionally and in terms of health.
Enquire about someone's health, how life Jenny rang earlier and ASKED AFTER
Ask after
is going. you, so I told her you were fine.
Ask a number of people for information of I have no idea, but I'll ASK AROUND at
Ask around
help. work and see if anyone can help.
Ask around Invite someone. We ASKED them AROUND for dinner.
Ask for To provoke a negative reaction. You're ASKING FOR trouble.
Ask for Request to have or be given. I ASKED FOR the menu.
Ask in To invite somebody into your house. 'Jon's at the door.' 'ASK him IN.'
He wanted to ASK her OUT but was too
Ask out To invite someone for a date.
shy.
They have ASKED us OVER for drinks
Ask over Invite.
on Friday.
Ask round Invite someone. We ASKED John ROUND for diner.
They AUCTIONED OFF their property
Auction off Sell something in an auction.
as they were heavily in debt.
The crowd BACKED AWAY when the
Back away Retreat or go backwards.
man pulled a knife.
Retract or withdraw your position or She refused to BACK DOWN and was
Back down
proposal in an argument. fired.
He prefers to BACK his car INTO the
Back into Enter a parking area in reverse gear.
garage.
The police told the protesters to BACK
Back off Retreat.
OFF.
He BACKED OUT two days before the
Back out Fail to keep an arrangement or promise.
holiday so we gave the ticket to his sister
She BACKED OUT OF the agreement at
Back out of Fail to keep an agreement, arrangement.
the last minute.
She BACKED the Rolls OUT OF its
Back out of Exit a parking area in reverse gear.
parking space.
Back up Make a copy of computer data. You should always BACK UP important
files and documents so that you won't
lose all your work if something goes
wrong with the hardware.
The rest of the staff BACKED her UP
Back up Support. when she complained about working
conditions.
Tom BACKED UP without looking and
Back up Drive a vehicle backwards.
ran over his laptop.
Don't bag out BAG OUT Australian
Bag out Criticise.
English.
The government had to BAIL OUT the
Bail out Save, rescue. airline because it was losing so much
money.
Remove water from something that is The boat was leaking so they had to
Bail out
flooded. BAIL it OUT.
Jump out of a plane because it is going to The pilot BAILED OUT when he saw
Bail out
crash. that the engines had failed.
I must BAIL my drunken brother OUT
Bail out of Pay a bond to release someone from jail.
OF jail.
Stop supporting someone when they are in Everybody BAILED OUT ON him when
Bail out on
trouble. the scandal broke.
I was late because he BAILED me UP on
Bail up Talk to someone and delay them.
the phone and wouldn't shut up.
He was BAILED UP by a couple of
Bail up Rob someone at gunpoint.
muggers as he came out of the bank.
The new project has BALLED me UP- I
Ball up Confuse or make things complicated.
have no idea what to do.
He BALLED UP his napkin when he had
Ball up Roll or form into a round shape.
finished eating.
Balls up Spoil, ruin. He BALLSED the presentation UP.
Bang about Move in a place making a lot of noise. He's BANGING ABOUT in the kitchen.
Bang I can hear him BANGING ABOUT
Move in a place making a lot of noise.
around upstairs.
He BANGED ON for half an hour but no
Bang on Talk at great length.
one was listening.
Bang on He's always BANGING ON ABOUT
Keep talking about something.
about football.
She BANGED the tune OUT on the
Bang out Play a musical instrument loudly.
piano.
The judge BANGED him UP for eight
Bang up Put someone in prison.
years.
Bang up Damage badly. He BANGED his car UP last night.
I'm BANKING ON your help; I can't do
Bank on Count or rely on.
it alone.
Bargain Persuade someone to drop the price of I BARGAINED her DOWN to half what
down something they're selling. she originally wanted.
Bargain for Expect something to happen (usually I hadn't BARGAINED FOR so many
negative). people coming.
Expect something to happen (usually
Bargain on I hadn't BARGAINED ON him coming.
negative).
He keeps BARGING IN and asking
Barge in Enter a place and interrupt.
stupid questions when I'm trying to work.
They BARGED INTO my office without
Barge into Enter a place and interrupt people rudely. knocking and started talking even though
I was on the phone.
If you BASH your monitor ABOUT like
Bash about Mistreat physically.
that, it won't last long.
The burglars BASHED the door IN to
Bash in Break, damage or injure by hitting.
enter the house.
Write something quickly without much I BASHED the essay OUT the night
Bash out
preparation. before I had to hand it in.
They BASHED him UP in the fight in the
Bash up Break, damage or hurt by hitting. pub last week and he had to go to
hospital.
She BAWLED me OUT for coming home
Bawl out Scold, shout at someone.
drunk.
She BAWLED Raj OUT for getting there
Bawl out Scold.
late.
He BAWLED OUT our names at the top
Bawl out Sing or shout unpleasantly loudly.
of his voice.
The police ARE AFTER him because of
Be after Try to find or get.
the theft.
The next bus should BE ALONG in the
Be along Arrive.
next quarter of an hour or so.
Be away Be elsewhere; on holiday, etc.. She's AWAY on business for three weeks.
Be cut out She's not CUT OUT FOR this kind of
Be suitable, have the necessary qualities.
for work.
She was very CUT UP about coming
Be cut up Be upset. second as she thought she deserved to
win.
He's BEEN DOWN since his partner left
Be down Be depressed.
him.
The firm's profits ARE DOWN by ten
Be down Be reduced or less.
percent this quarter.
After the argument, James is DOWN ON
Be down on Have negative feelings toward someone.
his boss.
Be down Gul is DOWN WITH some bug and is off
Be ill.
with work today.
Be fed up Be bored, upset or sick of something. I AM FED UP of his complaints.
They ARE never IN; I always get their
Be in Be at home or at work.
answerphone.
The application form must BE IN by 3pm
Be in Be submitted, arrive.
on Friday.
Be in on Be involved in. Susan was the only one who WASN'T IN
ON the plan.
Be not on Be unacceptable. The way he's behaving IS just NOT ON.
This yoghurt must BE OFF; it smells
Be off Be bad (of food).
foul.
Be off Depart, leave. I'm OFF home; it's five o'clock.
Be on Be functioning (of machines). The computer IS ON.
The show IS ON for the next three
Be on Take place.
months.
Take medication or drugs, especially when He IS ON anti-depressants and has
Be on
they affect the person badly. become very difficult to please.
Be at the top of one’s game, performing He IS really ON right now- three goals in
Be on
very well. five minutes!
I couldn't understand what he WAS ON
Be on about Mean, try to say.
ABOUT- it made no sense.
He's being very careful because he thinks
Be onto Pursue, be aware of someone's true nature.
the police ARE ONTO him.
Be out Be absent from a place. She IS OUT on a visit for the day.
We're OUT OF coffee so I'll have to go
Be out of Have no more left.
and get some.
She IS OUT TO get him sacked because
Be out to Attempt.
she hates him.
Be snowed We're completely SNOWED UNDER at
Have too much work.
under work because it's the end of the tax year.
Be taken I WAS TAKEN ABACK when I saw him
Be shocked or surprised.
aback because he's lost all his hair.
Be taken I WAS very TAKEN WITH the
Like something.
with performance- it was superb.
Be up Be out of bed. She's not UP yet.
The company's profits ARE UP by fifteen
Be up Have increased or risen.
percent.
When the time for something finishes or Time's UP, please finish your drinks and
Be up
expires. leave.
ARE you UP FOR the climb of Mt.
Be up for Be enthusiastic about an upcoming event.
Blanc?
He's not UP TO the job; get someone
Be up to Be good enough.
else.
Be up to Doing something naughty or wrong. What are those kids UP TO?
Bear down She spotted him on the other side of the
Move towards.
on room and BORE DOWN ON him.
The judge's character may well BEAR
Bear on Influence, affect.
ON the final decision.
Statistics BEAR OUT the government's
Bear out Confirm that something is correct.
positions on the issue.
How are you BEARING UP under the
Bear up Resist pressure.
strain?
Bear up He's BEARING UP UNDER the
Cope with something difficult or stressful.
under pressure.
Please BEAR WITH me a moment while
Bear with Be patient.
I finish this email.
The sun WAS really BEATING DOWN
Beat down Strong sunshine.
and we couldn't stay outdoors.
Get someone to lower the price of I managed to BEAT him DOWN to fifty
Beat down
something. Euros.
The marathon runner barely BEAT OUT
Beat out Narrowly win in competition.
his rival at the tape.
The mugger BEAT him UP and stole his
Beat up Attack violently.
wallet.
Beaver She's BEAVERING AWAY before her
Work hard.
away exams.
Beaver I have to BEAVER AWAY AT it or else I
Work hard doing something.
away at will fail the course.
Sleep somewhere less comfortable than We had to BED DOWN on the floor for
Bed down
normal. the night.
Become established or successful over The new government has found it hard to
Bed down
time. BED DOWN and become accepted.
I BEDDED the plants OUT when the
Bed out Move a plant outside.
weather warmed up.
The company BEEFED UP their case
when they saw that the public wouldn't
Beef up Make something stronger or more solid.
accept their first explanation of the
accident.
Belong to Be a member. He BELONGS TO a secret society.
Be connected to a time, place, belief, Their ideas BELONG TO the nineteenth
Belong to
thing, etc. century and seem old-fashioned now.
Be in the correct or appropriate location Does this disc BELONG WITH those on
Belong with
with other items. the shelf?
They BELTED OUT the national anthems
Belt out Sing something loudly.
before the game.
She told the students to BELT UP because
Belt up Be quiet.
they were making so much noise.
I told the kids to BELT UP before I
Belt up Fasten your seatbelt.
started the car.
Bend down Lower the top half of your body. I BENT DOWN to pick it up off the floor.
Bend over Lower the top part of your body. I BENT OVER to do my shoes up.
Bend over I BENT OVER BACKWARDS for them
Do a lot to try to help or please someone.
backwards and they didn't even thank me.
Big up Exaggerate the importance. He BIGS himself UP all the time.
They work out a lot to BIG themselves
Big up Increase the size of muscles by exercise.
UP.
Bitch up Spoil or ruin something. I BITCHED UP the interview.
He BLACKED OUT and collapsed on the
Black out Fall unconscious.
floor.
Everything BLACKED OUT when the
Black out Lose light.
power supply failed.
The email addresses were BLANKED
Blank out Censor text so that words cannot be read. OUT in the documents shown to the
court.
I was so nervous in the interview that I
Blank out Have a temporary memory failure. just BLANKED OUT and couldn't
answer their questions properly.
The music was BLARING OUT and I
Blare out A loud sound or music.
couldn't get to sleep.
The space shuttle BLASTED OFF on
Blast off Leave the ground- spaceship or rocket.
schedule yesterday.
The shooters BLAZED AWAY at the
Blaze away Fire a gun repeatedly.
pheasants.
Cause sufficient blood loss to result in
Bleed out They BLED OUT their calves.
death.
Bliss out Be extremely relaxed and happy. I BLISSED OUT on the beach all week.
I couldn't drive here this morning because
Block in Park a car and obstruct another car.
someone had BLOCKED me IN.
He BLOCKED IN the events in his
Block in Shade or fill in.
calendar.
Obstruct an exit to prevent people from The police BLOCKED OFF the road
Block off
leaving. after the murder.
The trees BLOCK the sun OUT most of
Block out Stop light from entering or leaving.
the day.
It was so unpleasant that I try to BLOCK
Try not think about or feel something
Block out it OUT- otherwise, I'd just be angry all
because it is upsetting or painful.
the time.
The pipe's BLOCKED UP and no water
Block up Fill a space so that nothing can pass.
gets through.
He grabbed a gun and BLEW the police
Blow away Kill.
officer AWAY.
Beat rivals or competitors by a large Their new product has BLOWN all the
Blow away
margin. others AWAY.
Blow away Impress greatly. Her first novel BLEW me AWAY.
When the wind moves something from a The flag BLEW AWAY in the storm; we'll
Blow away
place. have to buy a new one.
Blow down When the wind forces something to fall. A tree was BLOWN DOWN in the storm.
Arrive, sometimes suddenly or He BLEW IN from Toronto early this
Blow in
unexpectedly. morning.
We were going to meet last night, but she
Blow off Not keep an appointment.
BLEW me OFF at the last minute.
I BLEW the homework OFF and did
Blow off Ignore, not do something.
badly.
Blow off Expel gas from the anus. He BLEW OFF in front of everybody.
She BLEW the candles OUT on her
Blow out Extinguish candles, matches, etc..
birthday cake.
The Broncos BLEW OUT the Raiders 55-
Blow out Defeat decisively.
0.
The scandal BLEW OVER within a
Blow over When a scandal gets forgotten. fortnight when the press found someone
else to attack.
The bomb BLEW UP without any
Blow up Explode.
warning.
The pressure was low, so I BLEW the
Blow up Inflate.
tyre UP.
BLOW UP that photo so we can see his
Blow up Enlarge (e.g., photograph)..
face.
A storm BLEW UP while we were out
Blow up The beginning of a storm.
walking.
They BLEW UP when they heard what I
Blow up Lose your temper, become angry.
had done wrong.
Say something quickly without thinking, I was really angry when he BLURTED
Blurt out
especially if you shouldn't. OUT the secret.
Arrange for pets to stay somewhere while We BOARD our dog OUT with friends
Board out
you're away. when we go abroad.
Cover windows or doors with wood, They BOARDED UP all the windows to
Board up
metal, etc.. stop people getting into the empty houses.
Yasini got BOGGED DOWN in his
Bog down Slow make progress. research and didn't finish the project in
time.
We were starving and BOGGED IN when
Bog in Eat enthusiastically.
the food was served.
Bog into Eat something enthusiastically. They BOGGED INTO the lunch.
He lost his temper and told her to BOG
Bog off! Get lost.
OFF.
The report's so long, I BOILED it DOWN
Boil down Simplify, reduce to the essentials.
into a two-page summary.
Boil down It all BOILS DOWN TO money at the
Amount to.
to end of the day.
I left the milk on the cooker and it
Boil over When a hot liquid spills out of a container.
BOILED OVER.
When people lose their tempers and things The tension had been building up and it
Boil over
get nasty. BOILED OVER in the meeting.
The anger BOILED UP in me when I saw
Boil up Feel a negative emotion strongly.
what they had done.
I BOILED UP some water for a cup of
Boil up Cook or heat something to boiling point.
coffee.
We were all scared but she BOLSTERED
Bolster up Give support, reinforce, strengthen.
UP our courage.
I will have to BONE UP to get a good
Bone up Study hard for a reason.
result.
I need to BONE UP ON my French
Bone up on Study hard for a goal or reason.
grammar for the test.
Book in Make a reservation in advance. I'll BOOK us IN at the Intercontinental.
WE took a taxi from the airport to the
Book in Check in at a hotel.
hotel and BOOKED IN.
I've BOOKED us INTO a hotel in the
Book into Make a reservation in advance.
centre of town for three nights.
We BOOKED INTO the first hotel we
Book into Check in at a hotel.
could find.
I don't like the look of the people
Book out Leave a place in a hurry.
arriving- let's BOOK OUT.
The flight's fully BOOKED UP; I'll have
Book up Reserve.
to go the following day.
He BOOTED UP the computer and
Boot up Start a computer.
started work.
Border on Be located next to a place. Portugal BORDERS ON Spain.
What he did was BORDERING ON
Border on Be very nearly something.
betrayal.
Boss about Use excessive authority to control people. She BOSSES everyone ABOUT.
Boss around Use excessive authority to control people. He BOSSES everyone AROUND.
I BOTCHED UP the whole project and it
Botch up Ruin or spoil something.
had to be cancelled.
Bottle away Store up. He kept his feelings BOTTLED AWAY.
She was going to tell her boss exactly
Bottle out Lack courage to do something. what she thought, but BOTTLED OUT in
the end.
She BOTTLED UP her feelings even
Bottle up Not express your feelings. though she was furious with them and
kept quiet.
The recession BOTTOMED OUT and the
Bottom out Pass the lowest point and start rising.
economy is recovering well.
They have BOUNCED the government
Bounce into Force someone.
INTO calling an early election.
Bounce The economy is BOUNCING BACK
Recover.
back from the recession.
They BOUNCED ideas OFF each other
Bounce off Test ideas.
in a brainstorming session.
Hit someone's wicket in cricket with the
Bowl out He BOWLED the player OUT first ball.
ball.
Bowl over Surprise someone greatly. I was BOWLED OVER by the news.
He was BOWLED OVER by the crowd
Bowl over Knock someone to the ground.
rushing out.
Prevent something from moving, I was BOXED IN by the bus and couldn't
Box in
especially vehicles. change lane.
At the end of term, I BOXED my books
Box up Pack things in boxes to move them.
UP and sent them home.
Feel more confident or optimistic about You should BRACE UP and stop
Brace up
something. worrying.
Move into a different area of business, The supermarkets have BRANCHED
Branch out
etc.. OUT into banking.
Leave an organisation, usually to form a The SDP BROKE AWAY from the
Break away
new one. Labour Party.
The talks between management and the
Break down End negotiations unsuccessfully.
unions BROKE DOWN acrimoniously.
Break down Start crying. He BROKE DOWN in tears.
My car's BROKEN DOWN, so I came by
Break down Stop working.
taxi.
He had to BREAK DOWN their
Break down Remove a barrier or obstacle.
opposition to his ideas.
The burglars BROKE IN and stole the TV
Break in Go into a building to steal something.
and video.
I'm sorry to BREAK IN on your
Break in Interrupt something.
conversation, but there's a problem.
Break in Train a horse to be ridden. It took ages to BREAK the horse IN.
Carefully use new products until they are I must watch my speed until I BREAK IN
Break in
fully functional.. my new Volvo.
She BROKE OFF a square of chocolate
Break off Break a piece from something.
and gave it to her dog.
She BROKE OFF their engagement when
Break off End a relationship.
she found out that he'd been unfaithful.
They're worried that war will BREAK
Break out Start (war, conflict).
OUT.
Sweat heavily, develop skin sores or The measles caused me to BREAK OUT
Break out in
irritation.. IN a rash.
Three dangerous Category A prisoners
Break out of Escape. BROKE OUT OF Wandsworth Prison
last night.
Break The crowd BROKE THROUGH the
Pass a barrier or obstacle.
through police barriers and attacked the hunters.
The plate BROKE UP when he dropped it
Break up Break into many pieces.
on the floor.
Close an educational institution for the Schools BREAK UP at the end of June
Break up
holidays. for the summer holidays.
They had been going out for a couple of
Break up Finish a relationship.
years before they BROKE UP.
You're BREAKING UP; I'll call you back
Become inaudible over the telephone
Break up in a minute and see if we get a better
because of interference.
connection.
Breeze The film BREEZES ALONG for the first
Move easily and quickly.
along hour, then becomes rather dull and slow.
He BREEZED IN and started shouting at
Breeze in Enter a place quickly.
us.
He BREEZED INTO the room and
Breeze into Enter a place quickly.
switched the TV on.
Breeze
Pass easily, succeed. She BREEZED THROUGH her exams.
through
Brick in Close or fill a space with bricks. We BRICKED IN the side window.
Brick up Close or fill a space with bricks. We BRICKED the back entrance UP.
The day started cloudy but
Brighten up Improve (weather).
BRIGHTENED UP in the afternoon.
He BRIGHTENED UP when he heard the
Brighten up Become happier.
news.
Make something more attractive or We tried to BRIGHTEN the place UP by
Brighten up
pleasant. painting it.
The changes to the law were BROUGHT
Bring about Make something happen. ABOUT by the government because so
many people were ignoring the old one.
Bring someone or something to certain You can BRING your friends ALONG if
Bring along
place. you like.
Her coach has BROUGHT her ALONG a
Bring along Help someone improve.
lot in the last six months.
Bring It took me ages to BRING him AROUND
Persuade or convince someone.
around to my point of view.
Bring He BROUGHT some books AROUND
Bring something with you when you visit.
around when he came last night.
Bring He didn't want to discuss the details, but I
Get someone talking about something. managed to BRING him AROUND and
around
he told me everything.
Visiting my old school BROUGHT
Bring back Cause someone to remember. BACK memories of when I was a pupil
there.
He took the calculator home yesterday
Bring back Return.
and hasn't BROUGHT it BACK yet.
The vote of no-confidence BROUGHT
Bring down Make a government fall.
the government DOWN.
The improvements in technology have
Bring down Make something cheaper. BROUGHT the prices of computers
DOWN considerably in recent months.
Produce something, make it known or The prosecution BROUGHT FORTH a
Bring forth
visible. lot of evidence against him.
She BROUGHT FORTH a surprising
Bring forth Produce.
result.
The report has BROUGHT FORTH a lot
Bring forth Make something happen.
of criticism of the policy.
Remove something from where it is kept She BROUGHT FORTH the diary and
Bring forth
or hidden. showed it to us.
The meeting has been BROUGHT
Bring Make something happen earlier than FORWARD to this Friday instead of next
forward originally planned. week because some people couldn't make
it then.
The job BRINGS IN two thousand
Bring in Earn.
dollars a month.
No one thought she'd manage to do it, but
Bring off Succeed with something difficult.
she BROUGHT it OFF in the end.
Bring on Cause something to happen or speed up Getting wet in the rain yesterday
the process. BROUGHT ON my cold.
Bring on Make something appear. BRING ON the dancers!
Bring out Release or publish. The band are BRINGING OUT a new
CD in the autumn.
Bring out Elicit a response. Suzie BRINGS OUT the best in him.
Bring out in Cause a health problem or reaction. It was the lobster that BROUGHT me
OUT in this rash all over my body.
Make someone wake up from The doctors BROUGHT him ROUND a
Bring round
unconsciousness or an anaesthetic. few hours after the operation.
They didn't BRING the subject UP at the
Bring up Mention.
meeting.
Bring up Raise a child. My parents BROUGHT me UP strictly.
He was BROUGHT UP on charges of
Bring up Be officially charged with a crime.
public intoxication.
They didn't BRING the subject UP at the
Bring Up Mention.
meeting.
Bring Up Raise a child. My parents BROUGHT me UP strictly.
He was BROUGHT UP on charges of
Bring Up Be officially charged with a crime.
public intoxication.
The minister BRUSHED OFF the
Brush off Ignore, pay little attention.
criticism.
She took a two-week course to BRUSH
Brush up Improve a skill quickly. UP her Spanish before she went travelling
around South and Central America.
She BUBBLED OVER with joy when
Bubble over Become very excited.
she heard her exam results.
Buck up Hurry (either transitive or reflexive). 'BUCK UP - the taxi's waiting.'
You had better BUCK your ideas UP, or
Buck up Smarten up, improve.
you'll fail the course.
Bucket Take an umbrella; it's BUCKETING
Rain heavily.
down DOWN.
Buckle We had to BUCKLE DOWN and study
Start working hard, apply yourself.
down for the exam.
Buckle Accept something under pressure, against They didn't like the ideas, but had to
under your will. BUCKLE UNDER or face the sack.
We were told to BUCKLE UP before
Buckle up Fasten a seatbelt.
take-off.
We had to BUDGE UP to let the fourth
Budge up Move to make space for someone.
person in the back of the car.
The silver candlestick looked lovely after
Buff up Clear, clean or make something shine.
I BUFFED it UP.
After the scandal, the politician tried to
Buff up Improve.
BUFF UP his public image.
I BUFFED UP ON my grammar before
Buff up on Improve your knowledge quickly.
the test.
I told her to bug off because she was
Bug off! Go away.
annoying me.
Bug out Open your eyes wide in surprise. He BUGGED OUT when she turned up.
They BUGGED OUT when the police
Bug out Leave somewhere in a hurry.
arrived.
She BUILT the business UP from nothing
Build up Develop a company.
into a market leader in less than a decade.
Tension has been BUILDING UP ever
Build up Increase. since the government passed the
unpopular law.
I BULKED the essay OUT with a few
Bulk out Make something bigger or thicker. quotes to reach the number of word
required.
He's BULKED UP a lot since he got
Bulk up Gain weight, develop bigger muscles.
those steroids.
I BUMPED INTO Helen on the
Bump into Meet by chance.
underground the other day.
The drug dealer was BUMPED OFF by a
Bump off Kill.
rival gang.
They BUMP UP the prices in the high
Bump up Increase.
season.
Bundle off Send someone somewhere. He BUNDLED the kids OFF to bed.
The barman BUNDLED the drunk OUT
Bundle out Expel. because he was annoying the other
customers.
We BUNDLED UP before going out as it
Bundle up Put on warm clothing.
was snowing.
I BUNDLED UP my newspapers and
Bundle up Wrap or tie things together.
dropped them in the recycling bin.
I used to BUNK OFF school and go into
Bunk off Not go to school when you should.
town.
After so much criticism, the positive
Buoy up Make someone feel more positive.
review BUOYED him UP.
The lifejacket BUOYED me UP till the
Buoy up Keep afloat.
boat arrived.
They had to completely rebuild the
Burn down Burn completely. museum after the old one BURNED
DOWN.
Burn off Remove by burning or similar process. I BURN OFF a lot of calories in the gym.
Jennie BURNT OUT after ten years
Lose enthusiasm and energy to continue in
Burn out working as a futures broker and went to
a demanding job.
live in the country.
All his possessions were BURNED UP in
Burn up Destroy completely by fire.
the fire.
The bank robbers BURNED UP the roads
Burn up Drive at high speed.
but were soon captured.
His undeserved win in the election really
Burn up To be or cause to be highly annoyed.
BURNS me UP.
Burst into Catch fire very quickly. The car BURST INTO flames and the
driver died as he didn't have time to get
out.
She BURST INTO laughter when she
Burst into Laugh, cry or clap loudly.
heard the joke.
End a relationship, usually angrily or after
Bust up They BUST UP after a row last night.
arguing.
I hope you don't mind me BUTTING IN
Butt in Interrupt. on your conversation, but I couldn't help
hearing what you said...
This is none of your business, so just
Butt out Not be involved in other people's business.
BUTT OUT!
I tried BUTTERING my tutor UP but she
Butter up Praise or flatter someone excessively.
still wouldn\'t let me hand it in late.
Joe Meek's last hit, 'Singin' the Blues',
Force a CD or record into the charts by
Buy in was probably BOUGHT IN at number 40,
buying lots of copies.
but failed to go any higher.
I never BOUGHT INTO the idea of a
Buy into Accept an idea.
federalist Euopean Union.
He BOUGHT the newspaper OFF by
Buy off Pay someone to stop them causing trouble.
placing a lot of adverts.
His business partners BOUGHT him
Buy out Buy somebody's share in a company.
OUT to get rid of him.
We BOUGHT UP all the shop had before
Buy up Buy all of something.
the price went up.
Buzz Reporters were BUZZING AROUND the
Move quickly around a place.
around scene of the accident.
I'm BUZZING OFF now- I have to meet
Buzz off Leave somewhere.
some people.
He told them to BUZZ OFF because they
Buzz off! Go away (imperative).
were annoying him.
She was CALLED Rose AFTER her late
Call after Name someone after somebody else.
grandmother.
Call around Visit. I CALLED AROUND but she wasn't in.
I must CALL her BACK when we get to
Call back Return a phonecall.
the office.
The Opposition party CALLED FOR the
Call for Demand. minister's resignation after the scandal
broke.
The courier CALLED FOR your parcel,
Call for Go to collect something.
but I told him it wasn't ready yet.
Call for Telephone for something. I'll CALL FOR a cab right away.
I'll CALL FOR you at seven, so be ready
Call for Go and collect someone to take them out.
because the film starts at half past.
An emergency like this CALLS FOR
Call for Require.
some pretty drastic action.
The protests CALLED FORTH a strong
Call forth Make something happen.
reaction from the police.
Call in Get someone to come and do a job. We had to CALL IN a plumber because
the sink was leaking and I had no idea
how to fix it.
I CALLED IN on Jenny on my way home
because she's not very well at the moment
Call in Stop and visit.
and I wanted to see if she needed
anything.
The concert had to be CALLED OFF
Call off Cancel. because the singer went down with a bad
case of flu.
CALL OFF your lawyers; we can work
Call off Order someone to stop attacking.
something out.
The President CALLED ON the wealthy
countries for financial aid after the floods
Call on Ask for help.
destroyed much of the country's
agriculture.
As we were in the area, we CALLED ON
Call on Visit.
my sister-in-law.
He CALLED the speaker ON several
Call on Challenge.
mis-statements of fact.
Ask someone to do something, especially I now CALL ON the other party to give
Call on
to speak in public. (Formal). their account of what happened.
Expose or accuse someone of wrongdoing He CALLED them OUT over awarding
Call out
or incompetence. contracts to family members.
I CALLED ROUND on my way home
Call round Visit.
but no one was in.
The army CALLED UP the reserve
Call up Summon someone for military service.
soldiers when the war broke out.
I CALLED him UP as soon as I got to a
Call up Telephone.
phone to tell him the news.
When I lose my temper, it takes ages for
Calm down Stop being angry or emotionally excited.
me to CALM DOWN again.
Have an opposite effect on something that
The airport taxes CANCELLED OUT the
Cancel out has happened, taking things back to the
savings we had made on the flight tickets.
beginning.
Finish or complete, often with some She CAPPED OFF the meeting with a
Cap off
decisive action. radical proposal.
I don't CARE FOR fizzy drinks; I prefer
Care for Like.
water.
Carried The team got CARRIED AWAY when
Get so emotional that you lose control. they won the championship and started
away
shouting and throwing things around.
Carry They CARRIED FORWARD their losses
Include a figure in a later calculation.
forward to the next financial year.
Carry They hope the new management will be
Make something progress.
forward able to CARRY the project FORWARD.
She CARRIED OFF the first prize in the
Carry off Win, succeed.
competition.
Carry off Die of a disease. Cancer CARRIED him OFF a couple of
years ago.
CARRY ON quietly with your work until
Carry on Continue.
the substitute teacher arrives.
The children annoyed me by CARRYING
Carry on Behave badly.
ON all morning.
Carry on He's been CARRYING ON WITH
Have an affair.
with someone at work for years.
The government is CARRYING OUT test
Carry out Perform a task.
on growing genetically modified crops.
Food bought from a restaurant to take I'm too tired to cook- let's get a CARRY-
Carry out
away. OUT.
The meeting CARRIED OVER into the
Carry over Continue past a certain point. afternoon because there was so much to
talk about.
Carry They CARRIED the reforms THROUGH
Complete successfully.
through despite the opposition.
Take someone away, usually under arrest The police CARTED them OFF to
Cart off
or to prison. question them.
Take something away, especially if The thieves CARTED OFF all the ticket
Cart off
stealing or without permission. receipts.
Create or get a area where you can be She's CARVED OUT a career in
Carve out
special or successful. photojournalism.
They CARVED the company UP and sold
Carve up Divide into smaller pieces.
a lot off.
Overtake someone and then pull directly The idiot CARVED us UP and forced me
Carve up
in front of a car. to brake hard.
Convert shares, bonds, casino chips, etc, They CASHED IN their bonds and spent
Cash in
into money. the money on a holiday.
Benefit or make money on something, The opposition party are CASHING IN
Cash in on
especially if done unfairly. ON the government's unpopularity.
Illegally access a bank account or credit A hacker got my credit card details from
Cash out my computer and CASHED OUT a lot of
card and steal money.
money.
Exchange something for money, collect After winning, she CASHED OUT her
Cash out
winnings. chips.
Count all the money taken in a shop or After the shop closed, they have to CASH
Cash up
business at the end of the day. UP before they can go home.
Cast about They're CASTING ABOUT FOR
Try to find something.
for support.
Cast around She was CASTING AROUND FOR
for people to help her.
Dispose, get rid of, ignore because you no
Cast aside He CAST her ASIDE.
longer like something or someone.
They CAST OFF any semblance of
Cast off Dispose, get rid of.
politeness and attacked us viciously.
Cast off Untie a boat so it's free to sail. They CAST OFF and headed out to sea.
Cast out Expel, reject. They CAST him OUT because of his
behaviour.
Cast round He CAST ROUND FOR any sign of his
for things.
Cast up Be left on the shore by the sea. The rubbish was CAST UP by the tide.
She CAUGHT AT my sleeve as I was
Catch at Take or grab hold of something.
leaving and said she needed to talk to me.
Many critics were shocked when techno
Catch on Become popular.
CAUGHT ON in the clubs.
Everyone else realised what was
Catch on Finally understand what is going on. happening, but it took Henry ages to
CATCH ON.
The exam is designed to CATCH you
Catch out Trick.
OUT.
He CAUGHT me OUT when he checked
Catch out Discover or prove that someone is lying.
my story with my previous employer.
Put someone in an unexpected and
Catch out We were CAUGHT OUT in the storm.
difficult situation (often passive).
I was ill for a fortnight and now I've got
Catch up Get work, etc, up to date..
to CATCH UP on the work I missed.
He started well, but I CAUGHT him UP
Catch up Reach someone who was ahead of you.
on the third lap.
The tourists were CAUGHT UP IN the
Catch up in Become involved, often against one’s will.
violence of the revolution.
Do something that should have been done I'm going home to CATCH UP ON my
Catch up on
earlier. sleep.
I hadn't seen her for years, so we spent
Reminisce with an old friend after not
Catch up on the afternoon CATCHING UP ON old
seeing them for a while.
times.
Catch up Do something that should have been done I'm going home to CATCH UP WITH my
with earlier. sleep.
Catch up Meet someone after a period of time and I CAUGHT UP WITH her at the
with find out what they have been doing. conference.
Catch up When something negative starts to have an His criminal behaviour is starting to
with effect. CATCH UP WITH him.
Catch up Punish someone after they have been The tax authorities CAUGHT UP WITH
with doing something wrong for a long time. me for not submitting my tax returns.
Catch up Learn something new that many people My mother's trying to CATCH UP WITH
with already understand. computers.
The college CATERS FOR students of all
Cater for To provide what is necessary.
ages.
To provide what is needed, often seen The film CATERS TO the audience's
Cater to
negatively. worst instincts.
The roof CAVED IN because of the
Cave in Collapse.
weight of the snow.
The government has refused to CAVE IN
Cave in Stop resisting or refusing.
despite the protests and demonstrations.
Chalk out To cut a line of cocaine. He went into the toilets to CHALK a line
OUT.
The company has CHALKED UP its
Chalk up To achieve something good.
highest ever profits.
They CHALKED the poor sales UP TO
Chalk up to Explain the reason for a problem. the lower numbers of tourists visiting this
year.
Chance I CHANCED UPON a very rare book in
Find something by accident.
upon car boot sale and bought it for 65p.
Change The Irish CHANGED OVER to using
Change a system.
over kilometres in 2005.
I need to CHARGE my phone UP- the
Charge up Put electricity into a battery.
battery's dead.
She was arrested in customs last night
Charge with Accuse somebody of a crime. and has been CHARGED WITH
smuggling.
The press CHASED us DOWN when the
Chase down Try hard to find or get something.
story broke.
Chase off Force a person to leave or go away. The dog CHASED he postal worker OFF.
Ensure that someone remembers to do The librarian is CHASING me UP about
Chase up
something. my overdue books.
I CHASED her UP as she hadn't paid for
Chase up Try to get someone to pay a bill, debt, etc.
several months.
Try to get more information about the I didn't get a reply so I have been
Chase up
progress of something. CHASING them UP.
Talk to someone you are sexually He spent the whole night CHATTING her
Chat up
interested in to get them interested in you. UP.
Cheat on Be sexually unfaithful. She CHEATED ON me with my friend.
She thought he had always been faithful
Deceive or betray, often in a sexual and/or to her, but he had been CHEATING ON
Cheat on
emotional context. her ever since their wedding day (with
one of the bridesmaids).
Get money from someone under false I hate him- he CHEATED me OUT OF
Cheat out of
pretences. £100.
We CHECKED BY the office to see if the
Check by Visit a place to check something.
stuff was ready.
Register on arriving at a hotel or at the They CHECKED IN at the Ritz
Check in
airport. yesterday.
Register on arriving at a hotel or at the They CHECKED INTO the Ritz
Check into
airport. yesterday.
She CHECKED OFF the candidates'
Check off Mark something on a list as done.
names as they arrived.
She CHECKED OUT and took a cab to
Check out Pay the bill when leaving a hotel.
the airport.
She CHECKED OUT last week; the
Check out Die.
funeral's tomorrow.
Get information about or inspect I CHECKED the new restaurant OUT as
Check out
something to see if it's satisfactory. soon as it opened.
Check out Guests have to CHECK OUT OF the
Settle up and pay before leaving a hotel.
of hotel before midday.
We CHECKED the contract OVER
Check over Check something very carefully.
before signing it.
Their CHEERED their team ON
Cheer on Encourage.
throughout the match.
Come on, CHEER UP; it isn't all bad, you
Cheer up Be less unhappy.
know.
Chew off Remove by biting. The dog CHEWED OFF the man's face.
Thinks about something carefully before I'll CHEW ON it for a day or two and let
Chew on
deciding. you know what I think.
Chew out Criticize someone angrily. They CHEWED him OUT for being late.
He asked for a few days to CHEW the
Chew over Think about an issue. matter OVER before he made a final
decision.
Chew up Cut into small pieces with your teeth. The puppy CHEWED UP the newspaper.
Chew up Damage something inside a machine. The video CHEWED my tape UP.
I CHICKENED OUT of the bungee
Chicken out Be too afraid to do something.
jumping when I saw how high it was.
I'm staying at home and CHILLING OUT
Chill out Relax.
this evening.
If it's OK, I'd like to CHIME IN because I
Chime in Contribute to a discussion.
think it's a good idea.
Chip away Gradually reduce something to make it They have been CHIPPING AWAY AT
at less powerful, effective, etc. his reputation ever since he took office.
Chip in Contribute some money. Everybody CHIPPED IN to pay the bill.
If I could CHIP IN, there are a couple of
Chip in Contribute to a discussion.
issues I'd like to raise.
These guerilla attacks are CHOKING
Choke off Stop or restrict.
OFF our food shipments.
Water hyacinth is CHOKING OUT the
Choke out Clog or overwhelm.
native vegetation in our rivers.
Jeff CHOKED UP during his retirement
Choke up Become tearfully emotional.
speech.
Grip a handle farther from the end for He CHOKED UP on the bat and hit the
Choke up
better control. ball better.
Choose up Form groups or teams. We CHOSE UP to play the game.
They CHOPPED DOWN most of the
Chop down Fell or cut down a tree.
forest and now it looks like a desert.
I CHOPPED UP the vegetables for the
Chop up Cut into small pieces.
soup.
Chow down Eat. Dinner's ready- CHOW DOWN!.
Chow down We're going to CHOW DOWN ON that
Eat something.
on barbecued pork.
Dispose of something you no longer need I CHUCKED AWAY all my old records
Chuck away
or want. years ago when CDs came out.
Chuck in Quit something. I CHUCKED my job IN to go travelling.
I CHUCKED IN a few points at the end
Chuck in Make a comment.
of the discussion.
Dispose of something you no longer need I CHUCKED OUT some stuff I found in
Chuck out
or want. the fridge that had gone bad.
He got ridiculously drunk and
Chuck up Vomit, be sick. CHUCKED UP in the back of the
minicab on the way home.
She didn't like the course, so she
Chuck up Quit something.
CHUCKED it UP after a few weeks.
Produce, usually quickly or in large The government CHURNS OUT
Churn out
amounts without much regard to quality. educational policies every few months.
His arteries are CLAGGED UP because
Clag up Make something sticky.
he eats so much saturated fat.
Everybody CLAMMED UP when the
Clam up Be quiet, refuse to speak.
Principal entered.
Clamp The government are CLAMPING
Restrict or try to stop something.
down on DOWN ON antisocial behaviour.
The new tax will CLAW BACK what the
Claw back Get money back.
government has given out in grants.
The opposition parties are trying to
Claw back Retake possession with difficulty. CLAW BACK the voters they lost in the
last election.
They are CLAWING BACK their market
Claw back Regain possession with difficulty.
share from their competitors.
Clean off Remove dirt or something dirty. After dinner, I CLEANED OFF the table.
I really must CLEAN the study OUT;
Tidy up thoroughly and throw away
Clean out there's stuff all over the floor and piles of
unwanted things..
paper everywhere.
The holiday CLEANED me OUT- I'm
Clean out Cause someone to spend all their money.
broke till the end of the month.
Clean up Tidy and clean. CLEAN this bedroom UP; it's a disgrace.
At the horse races yesterday we really
Clean up Profit, sometimes suddenly.
CLEANED UP.
We were told to CLEAR AWAY from the
Clear away Leave a place.
scene of the accident.
After dinner, I CLEARED AWAYthe
Clear away Remove or tidy.
plates and dishes.
As soon as the trouble started, we
Clear off Leave somewhere quickly.
CLEARED OFF.
I spent the whole weekend CLEARING
Tidy up thoroughly and throw away
Clear out OUT the attic as it was full of papers and
unwanted stuff..
other junk.
I told them to CLEAR OUT because they
Clear out Leave somewhere.
were making so much noise.
I took the antihistamines and the rash
Clear up Cure or recover from an infection.
CLEARED UP right away.
I'd better CLEAR AWAY the mess before
Clear up Tidy up.
leave.
Could you CLEAR these points UP
Clear up Explain.
before we go any further?
The skies CLEARED UP and the sun
Clear up Improve (weather).
came out.
Click Only a tiny fraction of users ever bother
Open an advertisement on the Internet. CLICKING THROUGH the banner
through
adverts.
The Prime Minister had to CLIMB
Accept that you are wrong and change DOWN over his tax proposals because
Climb down
your position. there was so much opposition from the
members of his own party.
He told me to CLING ON as the
Cling on Hold tight.
motorbike accelerated.
They CLUNG ON TO power despite the
Cling on to Try to keep something.
protests.
They CLING TO their old way of
Cling to Try to maintain beliefs, hopes, etc..
thinking.
The traffic's so bad the roads get
Clog up Block, slow movement right down.
CLOGGED UP at rush hour.
The banks have CLOSED DOWN a lot of
Close a shop, branch or business
Close down branches in villages over the last few
permanently.
years.
He CLOSED the player DOWN and
Close down Stop an opponent being a challenge.
stopped him being a threat.
The fog CLOSED IN and we couldn't see
Close in Surround, envelop.
two yards in front of us.
The police were CLOSING IN so they
Close in Approach, get near.
decided to try to make a break.
The police were CLOSING IN ON the
Close in on Get near someone.
gang.
Close in The police were CLOSING IN UPON the
Get near someone.
upon gang.
The police CLOSED the road OFF after
Close off Block a place to stop people entering.
the explosion.
She is CLOSING ON the leader of the
Close on Get nearer.
race.
We CLOSED OUT the meeting early and
Close out Bring something to an end.
went home.
She CLOSED OUT the account and
Close out Close or stop using.
changed to another bank.
They always CLOSE me OUT of their
Close out Ignore, exclude.
plans.
They CLOSE UP the building after
Close up Completely close something.
everyone has left.
Close up Join together. The leaves CLOSE UP when it rains.
They CLOSED UP when they saw the
Close up Move closer together.
gang coming towards them.
Cloud over Get very cloudy. The morning started bright and warm, but
it CLOUDED OVER around midday and
poured with rain.
Clown The students were CLOWNING ABOUT
Behave stupidly or waste time.
about all lesson.
Clown I couldn't concentrate because they were
Behave stupidly or waste time.
around CLOWNING AROUND all afternoon.
Do something without making much effort She's been COASTING ALONG all year
Coast along
or trying to improve. and hasn't made a lot of progress.
Cobble Make, assemble or produce something They COBBLED a few pages
together quickly, without much care. TOGETHER and submitted it.
It was so easy, but he managed to COCK
Cock up Ruin or spoil something.
everything UP.
Colour He COLOURED (COLORED) UP when
Blush.
(Color) up he was caught stealing from the till.
The meeting CAME ABOUT because
Come about Happen, occur.
both sides were sick of fighting.
The yacht CAME ABOUT to a heading
Come about Shift direction (nautical).
of 240 degrees.
Come I CAME ACROSS my old school reports
Find by accident.
across when I was clearing out my desk.
Come I was surprised when she CAME
Agree to have sex with someone.
across ACROSS on the first night.
Come He CAME ACROSS as shy because he
The way other people see you.
across spoke so quietly.
May I COME ALONG on your trip
Come along Accompany.
tomorrow?
COME ALONG, we’ll never get there if
Come along Move faster or keep up.
you don’t keep up with us.
It CAME APART when I tried to lift it off
Come apart Break into pieces. the floor and I had to glue it back
together.
Come It took several hours after the operation
Recover consciousness.
around before he CAME AROUND.
They have started COMING AROUND
Come Agree with or accept something you had
TO our way of thinking and are less
around to previously disapproved of or disliked..
hostile.
I left work and CAME BACK home
Come back Return.
early.
Come Appear in court charged with a crime or He CAME BEFORE the court on charges
before offence. of speeding.
I'll COME BY after work and see if you
Come by Visit.
need any help.
Come by Acquire. How did you COME BY that Rolex?
Just look at the rain COMING DOWN!
Come down Rain.
I'm not going out in that.
When you're next in London, COME
Come down Travel.
DOWN and see us.
Come down The management really CAME DOWN
Criticise heavily.
on ON him for losing the contract.
Come down Criticise, reprimand severely. They will COME DOWN UPON us if we
upon are late.
Come down
Fall ill. She CAME DOWN WITH a virus.
with
The draft proposal CAME FORTH in
Come forth Appear.
April.
Come forth None of the witnesses CAME FORTH
Provide information. WITH an accurate description of the
with
gang.
Come from Country or town where you were born. She COMES FROM Somalia.
The plane CAME IN at two-thirty in the
Come in Arrive for flights.
morning.
I did my best but CAME IN last but one
Come in Place or ranking in a competition, etc..
in the race.
Reports are just COMING IN of an
Come in Receive news.
assassination attempt on the President.
Jack\'s COME IN FOR quite a lot of
Come in for Receive (criticism or praise).
criticism of late.
Money doesn't COME INTO it; I simply
Come into Be important or relevant.
will not do it under any circumstances.
She CAME INTO a lot of money when
Come into Inherit.
her grandmother died.
Come into The computerised system CAME INTO
Start being used.
use USE at the end of last year.
I picked it up and the handle CAME OFF
Come off When something breaks off.
in my hand.
I was surprised when the plan CAME
Come off Be successful.
OFF so easily.
I don't believe what you're saying; used as COME OFF IT; tell me the truth for
Come off it
an imperative. goodness' sake.
COME ON; don't give up now when
Come on Encouragement.
you're so close to finishing.
I've got a bit of a headache. I hope it
Come on Start an illness.
doesn't mean I've got flu COMING ON.
The central heating COMES ON
Come on Start functioning (machines, etc). automatically an hour before I have to get
up.
The details of the scandal CAME OUT in
Come out A secret is revealed.
the press and she had to resign.
Be published or otherwise available to the The band's new CD is COMING OUT in
Come out
public. September.
The red wine I spilt just will not COME
Come out Disappear when washed. OUT of the carpet no matter what I try to
clean it with.
Come out Let people know that you are lesbian or She CAME OUT at university and has
gay. been living with her partner, Jane, for the
last couple of years.
It started cloudy, but then the sun CAME
Come out When the sun appears.
OUT and we all went to the park.
She CAME OUT IN a nasty rash after
Come out in Have a rash or similar skin problem.
touching the poisonous plant by mistake.
After three years, he CAME OUT OF the
Come out of Recover consciousness.
coma.
Come out They have just COME OUT WITH a new
Make something available.
with version.
Come out She CAME OUT WITH the answer when
Say something publicly and unexpectedly. everyone was expecting it to remain
with
unsolved.
I CAME OVER all faint and weak
Come over Feel strange. because my sugar level was too low.
(British)
Affect mentally in such a way as to change I'm sorry about last night - I don't know
Come over
behaviour (possibly related to 'overcome'). what CAME OVER me.
Come Become conscious, wake up from She CAME ROUND and learned that the
round anaesthetic. operation had been a complete success.
Come At first she didn't like the idea, but she
Change your opinion. CAME ROUND to our way of thinking
round
in the end.
News is COMING THROUGH of a
Come major accident on the M25, where
Arrive (messages and information).
through freezing fog has been making driving
conditions extremely dangerous.
Come
Communicate an emotion. The anger she felt COMES THROUGH.
through
Come They promised they'd do it, but they
Produce a result.
through haven't COME THROUGH yet.
Come He didn't COME THROUGH WITH the
through Provide something needed.
money and they went bust.
with
Become conscious, wake up from She CAME TO an hour after the
Come to
anaesthetic. operation.
The two men started arguing but they
Come to Result in. soon CAME TO blows and started
fighting in earnest.
I'll be late home tonight because
Come up Appear. something's COME UP at work has to be
ready for tomorrow morning.
The sun CAME UP just as we reached the
Come up Rise (the sun).
outskirts of the town.
Come up They CAME UP AGAINST a lot of
Encounter problems or difficulties. opposition to their plans for an out-of-
against
town supermarket development.
Come up Nobody could COME UP WITH a
Think of a solution, excuse, etc..
with satisfactory explanation for the accident.
I CAME UPON the book in a little
Come upon Find by chance.
second-hand bookshop in Dorset.
Create a picture or memory in someone's It CONJURES UP memories of my
Conjure up
mind. school days.
I had to CONJURE UP a full weekend's
Conjure up Create something without many resources. entertainment for the visitors with no
notice at all.
I was exhausted and CONKED OUT on
Conk out Fall fast asleep.
the sofa.
The printer CONKED OUT so I couldn't
Conk out Suddenly breakdown or stop working.
get a hard copy.
Become involved or committed to Since it started, many companies have
Contract in
something. CONTRACTED IN to lend their support.
Contract Give a contract for a service outside the They have CONTRACTED OUT their
out company you work for. catering services to save money.
Contract I CONTRACTED OUT OF the deal years
Formally leave and agreement.
out of ago.
I left the tea for a minute until it had
Cool down Get cooler.
COOLED DOWN enough to drink.
It took me ages to COOL DOWN after
Cool down Become calm.
the argument.
We’ll talk to Fred once he COOLS OFF
Cool off Become calmer.
and can talk rationally.
They COOPED the dog UP in a tiny
Coop up Confine in a small area.
room.
They really COPPED IT when they got
Cop it Get into trouble.
caught shoplifting.
We COPPED OFF early on Friday
Cop off Leave work or school early.
because there was nothing to do.
She COPPED OFF with Damian at the
Cop off Kiss, pet or have sex with someone.
end-of-term party.
She was going to take a Master's degree
Cop out Choose an easy alternative. but COPPED OUT and chose the
Diploma course instead.
Calculate how expensive some work is The decorators are going to COST UP the
Cost up
going to be. work tomorrow.
It took me ages to COTTON ON to what
Cotton on To work out the truth.
they were planning.
Lose possession of a ball, etc. in a contact He was checked so hard he COUGHED
Cough up
sport. UP the puck in front of his own goal.
Expel something from your lungs or throat He gave up smoking after he COUGHED
Cough up
by coughing. UP some blood.
Could do
Need or want something. I COULD really DO WITH a cup of tea.
with
Count Affect negatively, make less likely to Not having a university degree will
against succeed. COUNT AGAINST her.
Count Include someone or something in a group, I COUNT her AMONG my closest
among category, etc. friends.
Wait impatiently or excitedly for I'm COUNTING DOWN the days till
Count down
something to happen. they leave.
Be recognised as important, worthwhile or Experience COUNTS FOR a lot in
Count for
valuable. decision making.
If you're going on that skiing holiday, you
Count in Include or involve.
can COUNT me IN; I'd love to go.
They COUNTED the students OFF as
Count off Say numbers aloud in a sequence.
they arrived.
You can COUNT ON them; if they have
Count on Depend, rely.
promised to do something, they'll do it.
I was COUNTING ON the payment
Expect something to happen and base arriving last week and was really angry
Count on
plans on it. when it didn't arrive as I didn't have
enough money to pay for everything.
I don't want to go- you can COUNT me
Count out Exclude.
OUT.
Count out Count a certain amount of money. He COUNTED OUT £250 and paid me.
Count The coursework COUNTS TOWARDS
Be a part needed to complete something.
towards the final grade.
COUNT UP the number of tickets sold,
Count up Add.
please.
Expect something to happen and base I was COUNTING UPON their support
Count upon
plans on it. and lost because they didn't vote my way.
Count upon Depend, rely. I COUNT UPON them to help me.
She asked me to COVER FOR her if
Cover for Provide an excuse or alibi.
anyone asked where she'd gone.
Do someone's work while they are I COVERED FOR her while she was off
Cover for
temporarily absent. sick.
They tried to COVER UP the incident but
Cover up Conceal, try to stop people finding out.
it got into the newspapers.
Cozy up Make yourself comfortable. It was cold and I COZIED UP by the fire.
He's been COZYING UP TO our boss
Cozy up to Make yourself popular with someone.
because he wants a pay rise.
Crack down The police always CRACK DOWN ON
Use more authority than usual. drink-driving offences over the Christmas
on
period.
We had to CRACK ON to get everything
Crack on Continue doing something with energy.
finished on time.
He CRACKED UP after his son died and
Crack up Have a nervous breakdown.
had to take a couple of months off work.
You'll have to talk louder- you're
Crack up Have bad reception on a mobile phone.
CRACKING UP.
Everybody CRACKED UP when he told
Crack up Burst out laughing.
the joke.
He CRACKED his car UP last night
Crack up Damage a car badly.
when he came off the road.
My boss keeps CRANKING OUT stupid
Crank out Produce a lot of something fast.
memos.
He's been CRANKING UP heroin for
Crank up Inject non-medical drugs.
years.
Crank up Start a machine, originally with a handle. He CRANKED the saw UP.
I CRANKED the volume UP as high as it
Crank up Increase, make something bigger.
would go.
Sleep at someone's house because you are Dave CRASHED OUT at a friend's flat
Crash out
too tired, drunk, etc. to leave. after the end-of-term party.
I CRASHED OUT in front of the TV last
Crash out Fall asleep.
night.
Separate the best or most talented people The private schools CREAM OFF many
Cream off so that they can receive special or different
of the best pupils.
treatment.
Take money or divert funds, usually This means smaller banks can CREAM
Cream off
wrongfully or unfairly. OFF excess profits during lending booms.
He tried to stay calm, but you could hear
Creep in Start to be noticeable.
the anger CREEPING IN.
Get included despite attempts to keep it or
Creep in Errors CREPT IN as the text got longer.
them out.
Creep into Become noticeable in something. An angry tone CREPT INTO her voice.
He CREEPS me OUT when he gets
Creep out make someone feel worried or uneasy.
drunk.
Creep out To do the same activity for a very long He's been CREEPING OUT ON that
on time. computer game all day.
Fear CREPT OVER me as I walked
Creep over Start to have a negative feeling.
through the graveyard.
They CREPT UP ON their rivals and
Creep up on Approach without someone realising.
overtook them.
I'm going to be late tonight as something
Crop up Appear unexpectedly.
has just CROPPED UP at work.
She CROSSED him OFF her Christmas
Cross off Delete, remove from a list.
card list after they argued.
Put as line through some writing to show it She CROSSED OUT her mistakes and
Cross out
is wrong. wrote the correct answers above them.
The treasure map was deliberately drawn
Cross up Confuse, deceive.
to CROSS us UP.
Cruise
Pass or succeed easily. He CRUISED THROUGH the exam.
through
Crumb The waiter CRUMBED DOWN before
Clear a table in a restaurant.
down the coffee was served.
I've got to work tonight; can I CRY OFF
Cry off To cancel an arrangement.
going out for dinner?
He CRIED OUT when he dropped the
Cry out Shout because you are in pain.
box on his toes.
Go across a place rather than around it to It'll be quicker if we CUT ACROSS the
Cut across
make the journey quicker. park.
Affect people of different groups, classes, The issue CUTS ACROSS social
Cut across
etc. backgrounds as it affects us all equally.
The firm CUT BACK production because
Cut back Reduce.
sales were sluggish.
Remove branches from a plant or tree to
Cut back We CUT the tree BACK every winter.
encourage future growth.
The government has decided to CUT
Cut back on Reduce expenditure.
BACK ON spending on the armed forces.
I'm trying to CUT DOWN the amount of
Cut down Consume less.
coffee I drink during the day.
A lot of soldiers were CUT DOWN by
Cut down Shoot.
enemy fire as they stormed the airport.
Reduce a vertical thing to ground level by
Cut down The logger CUT the tree DOWN.
cutting.
After Christmas he didn't carefully detach
Cut down Cut something from a high position. all the decorations, he just CUT them all
DOWN.
Cut down Doctors advised her to CUT DOWN ON
Reduce.
on the amount of saturated fats in her diet.
The fans CUT IN when the engine starts
Cut in Start functioning.
getting too hot.
Drive in front of another vehicle without A car CUT IN and nearly caused an
Cut in
warning. accident.
We were having a conversation when he
Cut in Interrupt.
came up and CUT IN.
Include someone in a deal that makes We had to CUT the police IN on the deal
Cut in
money. to avoid trouble.
Cut in Mix fat and flour until the combine. CUT the butter IN with the flour.
Stop your unfair or unreasonable Will you two idiots CUT IT OUT and
Cut it out
behaviour. keep quiet.
The telephone's been CUT OFF because
Cut off Disconnect.
we didn't pay the bill.
The heavy snow has blocked many roads
Cut off Isolate or make inaccessible.
and CUT OFF a number of villages.
Cut out Exclude. I'm CUTTING OUT salt from my diet.
The car CUT OUT at the traffic lights just
Cut out When an engine or motor stops.
as they went green.
Cut a picture or similar from a magazine, I CUT some pictures OUT to use as
Cut out
etc. visual aids.
We’d better CUT OUT, the security men
Cut out Leave quickly.
are on the way.
They CUT OUT three prime bulls from
Cut out Separate livestock from a group.
the herd.
Although he'd promised to help, the star
Cut out on Let down, snub. CUT OUT ON the charity when offered
more money.
After cutting the tree down, the logger
Cut up Cut into smaller pieces.
CUT it UP into logs.
I was just driving onto the motorway slip-
Drive into a neighbouring lane, directly in road, when a red Mini CUT me UP and I
Cut up
front of another vehicle. had to brake suddenly to avoid an
accident.
Cut up Upset. Her reaction really CUT me UP.
I CUT my hand UP when I broke the
Cut up Have a lot of small injuries.
glass.
They tried to DAMP DOWN the anger
Damp down Calm or reduce feelings, emotions.
over the announcement.
They tried to DAMP DOWN the flames
Damp down Make a fire burn less.
before the fire spread.
When there is too much moisture and a The seedlings DAMP OFF in the spring if
Damp off
plant is affected by fungal parasites. it's very wet.
He DASHED DOWN a memo and sent it
Dash down Write something quickly.
to everybody.
Dash off Leave somewhere quickly. It's late- I'm going to DASH OFF home.
He DASHED OFF the report in a couple
Dash off Do something quickly, especially writing.
of hours.
The truth only DAWNED ON me much
Dawn on Finally realise or understand something.
later.
Trevor spent a long time looking at flats
Decide on Choose, select. before he bought one, but eventually
DECIDED ON one near his work.
Jane spent a long time looking at houses
Decide upon Choose, select. before she bought one, but eventually
DECIDED UPON one near her office.
The last notes DIED AWAY and the
Die away Become quieter or inaudible (of a sound).
audience burst into applause.
When the parts of a plant above ground
Die back The plant DIES BACK in the winter.
die, but the roots remain alive.
It was on the front pages of all the papers
Die down Decrease or become quieter. for a few days, but the interest gradually
DIED DOWN.
I'm DYING FOR the weekend- this
Die for Want something a lot.
week's been so hard.
Most of the elm trees in the UK DIED
Die off Become extinct.
OFF when Dutch elm disease arrived.
Some scientists say that the dinosaurs
Die out Become extinct or disappear. DIED OUT when a comet hit the earth
and caused a nuclear winter.
We were starving so we really DUG IN
Dig in Start eating greedily.
when the food finally did arrive.
Anticipating an artillery barrage, we
Dig in Excavate a protective shelter (military).
quickly DUG IN.
She DUG INTO her handbag and pulled
Dig into Reach inside to get something.
out a bunch of keys.
Find something you haven't used, seen,
Dig out I DUG OUT my old university essays.
etc, for a long time.
They had to DIG the survivors of the
Dig out Dig to remove something or someone.
earthquake OUT from the ruins.
Find something that is supposed to be The reporters eventually DUG UP the
Dig up
secret. truth about the affair.
Dig up Remove something from the ground. The police DUG UP a body.
Dig up Make a hole in a road, the ground, etc. The council have DUG the road UP.
We DINED OUT because we couldn't be
Dine out Have dinner outside your home.
bothered to cook.
Tell a story repeatedly that is well I've DINED OUT ON the story of his
Dine out on
received. accident.
I DIPPED the brush IN the paint and
Dip in Put something in a liquid for a short time.
began painting the wall.
I've been DIPPING INTO the book, but
Dip into Read parts of a book, but not all.
haven't read it properly.
I've had to DIP INTO my savings account
Dip into Take money out of your savings.
to pay for the works on my house.
Dip out Leave a place without telling anyone. The party was so dull I DIPPED OUT.
Disagree I feel dreadful; the prawns I had for lunch
Make someone feel sick or ill.
with are DISAGREEING WITH me.
Dish out Serve food. I DISHED OUT the dinner.
Give something, usually when you Doctors have been DISHING OUT viagra
Dish out
shouldn't. to anyone who asks for it.
Criticise, when you can't take criticism in He DISHES it OUT, but gets all hurt
Dish out
return. when anyone responds.
He DISHED UP a great dinner when we
Dish up Serve food.
got back.
Start doing something, usually without When we saw what was happening, we
Dive in
planning. all DIVED IN to help.
Dive in Start eating. Dinner's on the table, so DIVE IN.
She DIVED INTO her bag and pulled out
Dive into Reach inside something quickly.
a lighter.
Divide up Share. They divided up the profits.
The waiters and waitresses DIVVY OUT
Divvy out Divide, share.
the tips at the end of the night.
Divvy up Divide, share. We DIVVIED UP the money equally.
Do away The United Kingdom DID AWAY WITH
Abolish, get rid of.
with the death penalty in 1965.
After he reported the gang, he feared they
Do in Kill.
would DO him IN.
Cheat somebody out of something that is They lied on the reference and DID me
Do out of
rightfully theirs. OUT OF any chance of getting the job.
You must DO UP your safety belt in the
Do up Close or fasten clothes, etc..
back of cars and taxis now.
It took them six months to DO UP the
Do up Repair and renovate.
house before they could actually move in.
Wish for or ask for (usually after can or
Do with I could DO WITH a cold beer about now.
could).
There's no sugar, so you'll have to DO
Do without Manage without something.
WITHOUT.
Report someone to teachers, authorities,
Dob in He DOBBED me IN to the teacher.
etc.
Everyone DOBBED IN some cash to
Dob in Contribute money.
help.
He needed some help, so DOBBED us
Dob in Pressure someone into doing something.
IN.
They were DOLING OUT leaflets in
Dole out Give out, distribute.
front of the station.
Spend time doing very little or being I couldn't get down to my work and
Doss about
unproductive. DOSSED ABOUT all night.
Doss Spend time doing very little or being I spent the afternoon DOSSING
around unproductive. AROUND.
Sleep somewhere temporarily because you I was feeling really tired, so I DOSSED
Doss down
don't go home. DOWN on his sofa for the night.
My study DOUBLES AS a spare
Double as Have a second function or purpose.
bedroom when we have visitors.
Double When he saw the police, he DOUBLED
Go back the way you were coming.
back BACK and went home.
She DOUBLED OVER in pain after
Double over Bend over at the waist.
being hit in the stomach.
He DOUBLED UP in pain after being hit
Double up Bend over at the waist.
in the stomach.
Share accommodation because there are We had to DOUBLE UP because we
Double up
too many people. hadn't booked enough rooms.
Double up Have a second function or purpose. The display screen DOUBLES UP AS a
as solar panel.
The movie was a bit boring and I
Doze off Fall asleep.
DOZED OFF halfway through.
The meeting DRAGGED ON for two and
Drag on Be unnecessarily long.
a half hours.
Draw back Retreat, move backwards. He DREW BACK when the dog barked.
The administration want to DRAW
Draw down Reduce levels. DOWN troop numbers as soon as they
can.
The college wants to DRAW DOWN
Draw down Get funding.
extra funding for IT provision.
To deplete by consumption or heavy Gas reserves were DRAWN DOWN in
Draw down
spending. the recent cold spell.
The exhausted horse DREW EVEN at the
Draw even Equalize one’s competitive position.
finish line.
The nights are DRAWING IN now it's
Draw in Get dark earlier.
winter.
Draw in Arrive at a station (for trains). The train DREW IN and we got off.
I didn't want to take sides because I didn't
Draw into Get involved in something unpleasant. want to get DRAWN INTO their
arguments.
As the lesson DREW ON, the students
Draw on Pass slowly (time).
started to get bored.
Draw on Inhale smoke from a cigarette, cigar, etc. He DREW ON his cigarette and coughed.
Make something continue longer than The director DREW the meeting OUT
Draw out
needed. with a lengthy speech.
He was so quiet at first, but the teacher
Draw out Make a shy person more outgoing. managed to DRAW him OUT and get
him to participate.
The contract was DRAWN UP by our
Draw up Prepare a contract.
solicitor.
The police car DREW UP alongside him
Draw up When a vehicle stops. at the red lights and asked him to pull
over.
I wouldn't even DREAM OF telling her
Dream of Not think or consider.
that.
They DREAMED UP the scheme for the
Dream up Invent something, have an idea. improvements and it was accepted by the
board.
The newspapers DREDGED UP the
Dredge up Discover things about someone's past. details of his affair with his research
assistant.
The staff are allowed to DRESS DOWN
Dress down Dress casually.
on Fridays.
She DRESSED me DOWN for being
Dress down Scold.
rude.
It's an informal party so there's no need to
Dress up Dress very smartly.
DRESS UP.
We were great friends at school but
Slowly cease to be close to or friends with
Drift apart DRIFTED APART when we went to
someone.
different universities.
I was DRIFTING OFF when the noise
Drift off Start to fall asleep.
disturbed me.
Search through layers of information on a I really had to DRILL DOWN to get the
Drill down
computer. answers from the database.
Drill down Get to the bottom of something, get They DRILLED DOWN THROUGH the
through detailed data. information to find the truth.
Repeat something many times to make The teacher DRILLED the rules INTO
Drill into
someone learn it. the students.
Drink up Finish a drink. DRINK UP, please; it's closing time.
Force an animal or someone to leave a Their unfriendliness DRIVES customers
Drive away
place. AWAY.
The police DROVE the crowd BACK to
Drive back Repulse, force back.
give the rescue workers more space.
Drive by Do something out of a car. He was killed in a DRIVE-BY shooting.
She slammed the car door shut and
Drive off Drive away from a place.
DROVE OFF without saying a word.
The soldiers DROVE them OUT of their
Drive out Force someone to leave a place.
homes.
The market uncertainty has DRIVEN
Drive up Make something increase.
prices UP.
They DROVE UP just as we were about
Drive up Arrive in a vehicle.
to leave.
The minister DRONED ON for an hour
Drone on Talk boringly for a long time. and the audience looked increasingly
bored.
Drop Visit someone, often without making an We DROPPED AROUND to collect the
around arrangement. stuff we'd left there last week.
Drop I DROPPED AROUND the things they
Deliver.
around needed.
The numbers of people attending began
Drop away Become smaller- amount, numbers.
the DROP AWAY after a few months.
He stared at the front, but got tired and
Drop back Move towards the back of a group.
DROPPED BACK as the race went on.
He DROPPED BY on his way home from
Drop by Pay a brief visit.
work.
I was in the area so I DROPPED IN at the
Drop in Visit without having made arrangements.
office to see her.
Take something or someone to a place and I DROPPED the kids OFF at school on
Drop off
leave it or them there.. my way to work.
I DROPPED OFF during the play and
Drop off Fall asleep.
woke up when it ended.
Sales have DROPPED OFF in the last
Drop off Decrease in number or amount.
few months.
She DROPPED OUT of college and went
Drop out Quit a course.
straight into a good job.
Drop over Visit for a short time. I'll DROP OVER on my way back.
Visit someone, often without making an We DROPPED ROUND their house on
Drop round
arrangement. our way.
I DROPPED the papers ROUND so she
Drop round Deliver.
could read them before the meeting.
Drop
I really DROPPED him IN IT when I told
someone in Get someone into trouble.
them what he'd done.
it
Drop The big scheme he was talking about
Come to nothing, produce no results.
through seems to have DROPPED THROUGH.
Drown in Cover excessively. They DROWN the food IN sauce.
Be so loud that another sound cannot be The music DROWNED OUT the sound
Drown out
heard. of the phone ringing.
To make someone learn or believe They DRUM all the traps INTO you
Drum into
something by constant repetition. before the test, so you can't go wrong.
Drum out Force someone out of their job or position. They DRUMMED the minister OUT
when she was caught lying.The minister
was DRUMMED OUT of her post for
lying. (The passive form with OF is more
common)
They are trying to DRUM UP support for
Drum up Increase support or interest.
the referendum.
Dry off Dry something quickly, or dry the surface. I had a shower and DRIED myself OFF.
Stop drinking or taking drugs when He checked into a clinic to DRY OUT
Dry out
addicted. after being arrested for drink-driving.
Dry out Dry something fully. They DRIED the fruit OUT in the sun.
Lose all the water from a river, lake, The lake DRIED UP because of the water
Dry up
source, etc. extraction for cotton farming.
His income DRIED UP when cheaper
Dry up Stop being supplied with something.
options became available.
Dry up Be unable to speak. She DRIED UP in the press conference.
Dry plates, dishes, cutlery, etc, after
Dry up I washed and DRIED UP.
washing them up.
He DUCKED OUT OF helping us last
Duck out of Avoid doing something.
night.
He was DUFFED UP in a night club last
Duff up Beat or hit someone repeatedly.
night.
Reduce the intellectual level of something Television has been DUMBING DOWN
Dumb down
in search of popularity. the news for years.
Her boss DUMPS ON everyone when
Dump on Treat someone badly.
things go wrong.
Dump on Criticize heavily, often unfairly. She DUMPS ON her family a lot.
When he';s depressed, he needs someone
Dump on Tell someone your problems.
to DUMP ON.
The programme DWELLED ON little
Dwell on Spend a lot of time on something.
other than the scandal.
She DWELT UPON the economic
Dwell upon Spend a lot of time on something.
situation in her speech.
She EASED OFF the accelerator to let
Ease off Reduce pressure.
the car slow down.
She asked her teacher to EASE UP
Ease up Relax, calm down.
because she was feeling very stressed.
Eat away Destroy slowly. The disease EATS the liver AWAY.
We didn't feel like going to a restaurant so
Eat in Eat at home.
we ATE IN.
Use something valuable when you don't We've had to EAT INTO our savings
Eat into
want to. since I lost my job.
We couldn't be bothered to cook so we
Eat out Eat in a restaurant.
ATE OUT last night.
If you don't EAT UP your greens, you
Eat up Eat all of something.
won't get any dessert.
Eat up Consume. This car EATS UP petrol.
Eat up Consume something you don't want to be The graphics EAT UP our bandwidth-
consumed. they're costing us a fortune.
His life was EBBED AWAY as the illness
Ebb away Disappear gradually.
progressed.
Gradually push someone or something out The shareholders EDGED the CEO out
Edge out
of their position. because results were getting worse.
She EDGED UP behind the bus at the red
Edge up Approach slowly.
light.
The other students EGGED him ON
Egg on Encourage.
when he started arguing with the teacher.
Most students have to EKE OUT their
Make something like money last as long
Eke out income because they have so little money
as possible.
to live on.
Piere EMBARKED ON an MBA at
Embark on Start a project or venture.
Insead last autumn.
Embark Fernanda has just EMBARKED UPON a
Start a project or venture.
upon new professional challenge.
I must EMPTY OUT the rubbish before I
Empty out Empty something completely.
leave for work.
Remove some things or everything from a I EMPTIED some of the coffee OUT so I
Empty out
container. could pour more milk in.
End in Finish a certain way. It'll END IN tears.
We couldn't get tickets for Egypt so we
End up Become or do something unplanned.
ENDED UP going to Turkey instead.
He tried hard but ENDED UP WITH a
End up with Get as a result of something.
poor grade.
They ENTERED FOR the national
Enter for Join or enter a competition.
championship but weren't good enough.
They ENTERED INTO an agreement
Enter into Become involved in or accept.
with their rivals.
The guy EYED the other man UP because
Eye up Look carefully at someone.
he was behaving suspiciously.
The company FACED OFF the
Face off Confront.
competition.
Many people find it hard to FACE UP TO
Face up to Accept an unpleasant truth.
the fact that they are getting old.
He told her to stop FAFFING ABOUT
Faff about Behave indecisively.
and make her mind up.
She told him to stop FAFFING AROUND
Faff around Behave indecisively.
and make his mind up.
We FELL ABOUT when we heard what
Fall about Laugh a lot.
she'd done.
The box FELL APART when I picked it
Fall apart Break into pieces.
up.
Become emotionally disturbed and unable
Fall apart He FELL APART when they sacked him.
to behave normally.
The army FELL BACK after losing the
Fall back Retreat.
battle.
It was good to have some money in the
Fall back on Be able to use in an emergency. bank to FALL BACK ON when I lost my
job.
I was ill for a week and FELL BEHIND
Fall behind Make less progress.
with my work.
Fall down Fall on the ground. I slipped on the ice and FELL DOWN.
The argument FALLS DOWN when you
Fall down Have a weak point.
look at how much it'll cost.
He FELL FOR her the moment their eyes
Fall for Be attracted to somebody, fall in love.
met.
He FELL FOR my story and allowed me
Fall for Believe a lie or a piece of deception. yet another extension for the submission
of my thesis.
The ceiling FELL IN hurting a lot of
Fall in Collapse.
people.
I just FELL INTO my job when an
Fall into Start doing something unplanned.
opportunity came up.
The membership FELL OFF dramatically
Fall off Decrease.
when the chairperson resigned.
They FELL OUT over the decision and
Fall out Argue and be on bad terms with someone.
hardly speak to each other any more.
He's started getting worried about
Fall out Lose hair. baldness because his hair is FALLING
OUT rather quickly.
Fall over Fall on the ground. I slipped on the ice and FELL OVER.
Fall The plans FELL THROUGH when
Be unsuccessful.
through planning permission was refused.
At first he was independent, but then he
Fall under Become controlled.
FELL UNDER their influence.
The company wants to FARM OUT their
Farm out Give or contract work to someone else.
maintenance.
The manager was angry because the staff
Fart about Waste time doing silly things.
were FARTING ABOUT.
We were really bored in the lecture so we
Fart around Waste time doing pointless things.
started FARTING AROUND.
Fasten We FASTENED it DOWN to keep the
Tie something so that it doesn't move.
down wind from blowing it away.
Give attention to something that confirms They have FASTENED ON the speech as
Fasten on
your beliefs. a source of inspiration.
Follow someone closely, normally when He FASTENED ONTO the minister on
Fasten onto his visit and asked him repeatedly about
they don't want your company.
the scandal.
Give attention to something that confirms They FASTEN ONTO any figures that
Fasten onto
your beliefs. they think can support their case.
Fasten up Close, attach. FASTEN UP your seatbelts.
I couldn't FATHOM OUT what she
Fathom out Understand something.
wanted from me.
They FATTEN the cows UP before
Fatten up Give an animal a lot to eat to make it fat.
slaughtering them.
Praise someone in an excessive way to get He's always FAWNING ON his boss to
Fawn on
their favour or something from them. try to get promoted.
Praise someone in an excessive way to get She FAWNED OVER the inspectors in
Fawn over the hope that they would give her a good
their favour or something from them.
grade.
The gecko FEEDS OFF mosquitoes and
Feed off Eat a food as part of an animals diet.
other insects.
He FEEDS OFF people's fear of crime to
Feed off Use something to your advantage.
get them to support his proposals.
The opposition party's FEEDING ON the
Feed on Grow stronger.
government's weaknesses.
Feed on Consume in an animal's diet. The bats FEED ON insects.
Feed on Give someone a particular food. He FEEDS his cat ON dry food.
Give someone a lot of food to restore their She's been ill for a fortnight so we're
Feed up
health, make them bigger, etc. FEEDING her UP.
Someone FELT me UP in the club as I
Feel up Touch sexually, grope.
was trying to get to the bar.
I'm so tired. I don't think I FEEL UP TO
Feel up to Feel capable of doing something.
going out tonight.
Fence in Enclose an area. They FENCED the whole garden IN.
Enclose an area to keep animals or people They FENCED OFF one side of the park
Fence off
out. to keep dogs out.
Take care of yourself or someone with The children had to FEND FOR
Fend for
help from other people. themselves after their parents died.
He managed to FEND OFF the criticism
Fend off Resist something successfully.
in the press.
She FENDED OFF the dog when it
Fend off Push an attacker away.
attacked her.
The investigation finally managed to
Ferret out Search and discover something.
FERRET OUT the truth.
The company FESSED UP after they
Fess up Confess, admit something reluctantly.
were exposed in the newspapers.
Fess up Give. FESS UP your share of the bill.
Fess up to Confess, admit reluctantly to something. They FESSED UP TO the crime.
We spent the whole afternoon
Fiddle Waste time doing silly things, or doing
FIDDLING ABOUT with the computer
about things unsuccessfully.
but couldn't get it to work.
Fiddle Waste time doing silly things, or I FIDDLED AROUND with the phone
around unsuccessful things. but couldn't get any signal.
Fiddle He FIDDLED AROUND for something
Make small movements with your hands.
around in his pockets.
Fiddle away Waste time. He FIDDLED AWAY the afternoon.
The army attacked the town and the
Fight back Defend yourself, resist an attack.
inhabitants FOUGHT BACK fiercely.
Fight back Try to control and emotion and keep it He tried to FIGHT BACK the tears when
hidden. he heard the news of her death.
Struggle to see who wins, both by arguing Their FIGHTING IT OUT to see who
Fight it out
or fighting. will become the next CEO.
The old lady managed to FIGHT the
Fight off Fight an attacker and force them back. muggers OFF and they didn't get her
purse.
Fight off Resist an illness or emotion. I'm FIGHTING OFF a cold.
What job do you FIGURE ON doing
Figure on Plan, expect.
when you graduate?
The police couldn't FIGURE OUT how
Figure out Find the answer to a problem.
the burglars had got into the warehouse.
Put a document in the correct place for I FILED a copy of the letter AWAY for
File away
storage in a filing system. my records.
Apply for something legally, like divorce They FILED FOR divorce after two years
File for
or bankruptcy. of marriage.
I FILLED IN the application form and
Fill in Complete a form.
posted it off.
She's just had a baby, so we have hired
Fill in Substitute someone at work.
someone to FILL IN for her.
I was away for a few days, so they had to
Fill in for Substitute.
get someone to FILL IN FOR me.
I'm sorry I missed the meeting; could you
Fill in on Give someone information.
FILL me IN ON what happened.
I FILLED OUT the application form and
Fill out Complete a form.
mailed it.
I stopped at the garage and FILLED UP
Fill up Fill something completely.
with petrol.
Move into a lane of traffic without making The slip lane allows traffic to FILTER IN
Filter in
other cars stop. at the junction.
It FILTERS OUT all the impurities and
Filter out Remove something unwanted. chemicals in tap water so that it tastes
better.
I went to the library to FIND OUT all I
Find out Discover. could about the life and work of Joe
Meek.
They FINISHED OFF all the chocolates
Finish off Finish completely. and had to go to the all-night garage to
buy some more.
Kill a person or animal, often when they The animal was badly hurt, so they
Finish off
have already been hurt. FINISHED it OFF to end its suffering.
Finish off Beat, make victory certain in sport. The second goal FINISHED them OFF.
We FINISHED OFF the coffee and had to
Finish off Consume all.
get some more.
Finally get somewhere, usually without We went out for diner and FINISHED UP
Finish up
planning to go there. in a club.
We attended some workshops and
Finish up Have or do something at the end or as the
FINISHED UP WITH the keynote
with last of something.
speaker.
She FINISHED WITH him a few months
Finish with End a relationship.
ago.
He wanted to leave but I was furious and
Finish with Stop dealing with someone.
hadn't FINISHED WITH him.
Can I read the paper when you've
Finish with Finish using or requiring.
FINISHED WITH it.
Fink on Give away secrets about someone. He FINKED ON her to the authorities.
He said he'd come with us then FINKED
Fink out Fail to keep a promise, arrangement, etc.
OUT at the last minute.
What do you want to know? FIRE AWAY
Fire away Ask questions.
and I'll tell you.
Send quickly, angrily or many (letter, He FIRED OFF an email complaining
Fire off
emails, etc). about the report.
The police FIRED OFF several rounds
Fire off Shoot, fire a gun (usually repeatedly).
and killed the man.
She FIRED UP the computer and printed
Fire up Start a computer.
out a hard copy of the files.
Everyone was FIRED UP and desperate
Fire up Excite, become excited.
to get it finished in time.
Make things clearer in a negotiation or We need to FIRM UP some aspects of the
Firm up
discussion. contract before we sign it.
Exercise to make muscles harder and I go swimming every day to FIRM UP
Firm up
remove fat. my body.
Try to get some information or to get
Fish for He's always FISHING FOR compliments.
someone to say something.
Remove something from a bag, pocket, She reached into her handbag and
Fish out
etc. FISHED some coins OUT.
Remove from water, such as the sea, It's fallen in the pool- I'll have to FISH it
Fish out
rivers, etc. OUT.
I didn't FIT IN with the other people
Fit in Get on in a group of people. working there so I left and found another
job.
I didn't have time to FIT IN another
Fit in Have enough time or space for something.
appointment.
They're not arriving until Thursday,
Fit in with Be convenient or occur conveniently. which FITS IN WITH my schedule for
the week.
Occur or happen in a way that shows that His rudeness yesterday FITS IN WITH
Fit in with what I have always thought of his
plans or ideas have not changed.
behaviour.
Fit into Become part of. Their ideas didn't FIT INTO our plans.
Fit out Provide with necessary equipment. They FITTED OUT the boat for the race.
Provide someone with necessary They didn't FIT the troops OUT WITH
Fit out with
equipment. the necessary protective gear.
Frame someone- make them look guilty of The police FITTED him UP for dealing
Fit up
something they haven't done. drugs.
Fit up Provide equipment. They FITTED us UP with the latest IT.
He FIXED UP an appointment for me to
Fix up Make an arrangement.
see a specialist.
The campaign started well, but FIZZLED
Fizzle out End in an unsuccessful way.
OUT when they ran out of money.
The police officer FLAGGED the car
Flag down Signal at a vehicle to get it to stop. DOWN because it didn't have its
headlights on.
We should FLAG UP working conditions
Flag up Raise an issue, or highlight its importance.
at the meeting.
I worked till midnight then FLAKED
Flake out Fall asleep from exhaustion.
OUT.
The company FLAMED OUT in the
Flame out Fail.
recession.
Flame up Burn brightly. The wood FLAMED UP in the fire.
He FLARED OUT when he saw the
Flare out Get angry suddenly.
dreadful report.
The argument FLARED UP when he was
Flare up When trouble suddenly appears.
rude to them.
The recent government report FLESHED
Flesh out Add more details or information.
OUT the draft proposals.
She FLICKED OVER to see if the news
Flick over Change TV channels quickly.
had started.
Flick I FLICKED THROUGH the channels to
Change TV channels repeatedly.
through see if there was anything worth watching.
Flick I FLICKED THROUGH the magazine
Look through something quickly.
through and decided to buy it.
Extend your middle finger as a gesture of When the police were walking away, he
Flip off
contempt. FLIPPED them OFF.
He FLIPPED OUT when he won the
Flip out Become very excited and lose control.
final.
I FLIPPED THROUGH the latest issue of
Flip Look quickly through a magazine, book,
the magazine in the shop and decided to
through etc.
buy it.
The council FLOGGED OFF the land
Flog off Sell something cheaply to get rid of it. cheaply to a developer who had close
links to a few of the councillors.
She FLOORED IT when the police
Floor it Drive a vehicle as fast as possible.
arrived.
Leave a place or walk away from someone He FLOUNCED OFF when they laughed
Flounce off
angrily. at him.
He FLOUNCED OUT when the press
Flounce out Leave a place angrily.
started criticising him.
Shake or pat a cushion so that it fills with
Fluff out She FLUFFED OUT the sofa cushions.
air.
Shake or pat a cushion so that it fills with He FLUFFED UP the pillow before going
Fluff up
air. to bed.
The rumour has been FLYING ABOUT
Fly about Circulate (rumours, etc). for the past week, but no one has
confirmed it.
There are a lot of stories FLYING
Fly around Circulate (rumours, etc).
AROUND about her past.
The dog FLEW AT the cat when it came
Fly at Attack.
into the garden.
He FLEW AT them for not trying hard
Fly at Criticise or shout angrily.
enough.
Fly by When time appears to move quickly. As I get older, the years just FLY BY.
Fly into Change emotion quickly. He FLEW INTO a rage.
Make or persuade someone to accept
Fob off I FOBBED it OFF Paul.
something.
He FOBBED us OFF with a really stupid
Fob off Lie or deceive someone.
excuse.
Fob off on I FOBBED the work ON the others.
something you don't want.
Make or persuade someone to accept I FOBBED the fake note ONTO a
Fob off onto
something you don't want. shopkeeper.
Fob off with something of lower quality than they He FOBBED her OFF WITH some fake
wanted. gold.
The report FOCUSES ON the company's
Focus on Concentrate.
weak points.
Darren FOLDED UP the letter and put it
Fold up Make a sheet of paper smaller.
in an envelope.
Leave to meet someone after they have He left an hour ago and I'll be
Follow on
left the place you're at. FOLLOWING ON soon.
In cricket, if the second team to bat doesn't They were over 200 runs behind and had
Follow on
score enough runs, it has to bat again. to FOLLOW ON.
Follow on The film FOLLOWS ON from the
Be the part of something.
from original.
Follow Do what is necessary to complete The project went wrong when the staff
through something or make it successful. failed to FOLLOW THROUGH.
Follow You need to FOLLOW THROUGH
Continue moving limbs after hitting a ball.
through smoothly when playing golf.
Do something to check or improve an He FOLLOWED UP the meeting with a
Follow up
earlier action. report.
The police didn't FOLLOW UP the
Follow up Find our about a problem and act.
allegations.
They were FOOLING ABOUT and
Fool about Not be serious.
wouldn't settle down.
Their marriage broke down because he
Fool about Be unfaithful.
kept FOOLING ABOUT.
The teacher was angry because the class
Fool around Not be serious.
were FOOLING AROUND.
Fool around Be unfaithful. She suspects her husband is FOOLING
AROUND with one of her friends.
Fool with Play with something dangerous. Don't FOOL WITH that- it could explode.
We've been FORGING AHEAD with the
Forge ahead Make a lot of progress in a short time. work and should be finished well before
the deadline.
She FORGED AHEAD of the other
Forge ahead Move forwards very quickly.
runners and won.
She FREAKED OUT completely when
Freak out Become very disturbed or angry. she didn't get the grades to get into
university.
Make money or time available by not If we get the work done tonight, it will
Free up
using it elsewhere. FREE UP the weekend to go away.
Do work or a task for someone to make If you proofread this text, it will FREE
Free up
them available for something. me UP to get on with the next part.
Shut out or exclude by unfriendly They tried to FREEZE me OUT of the
Freeze out
treatment. conversation.
Force to retire or withdraw from After Jim was FROZEN OUT of the case,
Freeze out
membership, a job, etc. they hired a new lawyer.
Become covered with ice (lake, river, The winter was very severe and the lake
Freeze over
pond, etc). FROZE OVER.
The pipes all FROZE UP so no water
Freeze up Be blocked with ice.
came through.
Stop working because the parts of a
Freeze up The gears had FROZEN UP.
machine won't move.
The computer FROZE UP; it showed me
Freeze up When a computer stops working. the blue screen of death and I couldn't
reboot.
WE FROZE UP when we heard the
Freeze up Be paralysed with fear.
window break.
I'm going to the bathroom to FRESHEN
Freshen up Wash quickly and improve appearance.
UP before they arrive.
Add more alcohol to a glass before it is
Freshen up Here, let me FRESHEN UP your drink.
empty.
Quickly improve the appearance of The magazine gives you tips on how to
Freshen up
something. FRESHEN UP your home cheaply.
Frighten The noise FRIGHTENED the birds
Scare someone so much that they go away.
away AWAY.
Frighten Scare or worry someone enough to stop The strikes FRIGHTENED many visitors
away them doing something they had planned. AWAY.
The dog FRIGHTENED the burglars
Frighten off Scare someone so much that they go away.
OFF.
Scare or worry someone enough to stop The crash in share prices FRIGHTENED
Frighten off
them doing something they had planned. investors OFF.
Represent someone, especially when The solicitor FRONTS FOR a number of
Front for
covering illegal or wrongful activities. criminal gangs.
Confront someone and let them know you The two guys FRONTED each other
Front off OFF, but someone managed to calm them
are prepared to fight.
down before it got out of hand.
My house FRONTS ONTO the main
Front onto Face (of a building).
square.
He accused her of lying, but she
Front out Face up to someone, withstand criticism.
FRONTED him OUT
I hate these occasions, but I'll FRONT UP
Front up Appear somewhere for a short time.
for the first half.
She FRONTED UP the money we
Front up Advance cash for something.
needed.
He FROWNS ON people making
Frown on Disapprove.
personal calls at work.
We stopped to FUEL UP before the car
Fuel up Put petrol or other fuel into a vehicle.
ran out.
I spent the afternoon GADDING ABOUT
Gad about Visit a lot of different places for pleasure.
in the West End.
I spent the afternoon GADDING
Gad around Visit different places for pleasure.
AROUND looking for some books.
Gag for Want something a lot. I'm GAGGING FOR a drink.
Form a group against something or They GANGED UP to try to stop the new
Gang up
someone. system.
Gang up They GANGED UP AGAINST me
Harass, bully (in a group).
against because I wouldn't accept their ideas.
They GANGED UP ON him because of
Gang up on Harass, bully.
the way he spoke.
Organise or arrange something for a
Gear to particular purpose, audience, etc. (Often It's not GEARED TO non-specialists.
passive).
Gear Organise or arrange something for a The project is GEARED TOWARDS
towards particular purpose, audience, etc. older people.
The shops are GEARING UP for the New
Gear up Get ready for a busy period.
Year sales.
Henry always GEEKS OUT at parties and
Geek out Talk at length about computing. bores all the people who don't know
much about computers.
I GET ABOUT a lot with my job- last
Get about Visit many places.
years I visited eleven countries.
It didn't take long for the news to GET
Get about Become known.
ABOUT- everyone's talking about it.
She can't GET ABOUT much, but she is
Get about Walk or visit places.
in her eighties.
Have personal or sexual relationships with She GETS ABOUT a bit; she's always
Get about
many people. with some new guy.
She's been GETTING ABOVE
Behave as if you are better or more HERSELF since she got promoted.(This
Get above is normally used in progressive forms and
important than others.
followed by a reflexive pronoun, though
'get above your station' is also used.)
I just couldn't GET my message
Get across Communicate successfully.
ACROSS at the meeting.
It's impossible to GET ACROSS the road
Get across Go from one side to the other.
with all this traffic.
Move something from one side to the How are we going to GET these bags
Get across
other. ACROSS the river?
Get across How can I GET ACROSS TO my
Be convincing or make a good impression.
to audience?
You should GET AFTER them to finish
Get after Nag or exhort someone.
the work.
GET AFTER her and give her the
Get after Chase.
message before she leaves the building.
Nowadays, you need IT skills if you want
Get ahead Progress.
to GET AHEAD.
Get ahead I work at home in the evening to GET
Move in front of.
of AHEAD OF schedule.
Why don't you two GET ALONG? You're
Get along Have a good relationship.
always arguing.
Get along Leave. It's late; we must be GETTING ALONG.
How's the homework GETTING
Get along Progess.
ALONG?
How are you GETTING ALONG IN the
Get along in Progress.
company.
Get along I don't GET ALONG WITH my sister- we
Have a good relationship with someone.
with have nothing in common.
Get along How are you GETTING ALONG WITH
Deal with, handle.
with the training course?
It didn't take long for the news to GET
Get around Become known. AROUND once it got into the
newspapers.
He GETS AROUND a lot- he's always
Get around Visit many different places.
flying somewhere different.
He's finding it hard to GET AROUND
Get around Walk or go to places. since the operation and spends most of
his time at home.
It'll be tricky, but we will find a way to
Get around Avoid a problem.
GET AROUND the regulations.
She didn't want to accept my application
Get around Persuade, convince. because it was late, but I managed to
GET AROUND her.
Have personal or sexual relationships with He GETS AROUND a bit; he's always
Get around
many people. with some new girlfriend.
Get around Finally manage to do something, make the It always takes me ages to GET
to effort to do something. AROUND to replying to letters.
His boss is always GETTING AT him for
Get at Criticise.
arriving late.
What do you think she's GETTING AT?
Get at Mean.
I've no idea what she wants.
Get at Be able to reach, find, access. It's on the top shelf and I can't GET AT it.
The gangsters GOT AT the jury, who
Use threats, payments, bribes, etc, to affect
Get at found them not guilty of all charges
someone's testimony or decision.
despite the evidence presented in court.
The robbers GOT AWAY in a stolen car,
Get away Escape.
which the police later found abandoned.
We love to GET AWAY from everything
Get away Go on holiday or for a short break.
and relax in the country.
He didn't come because he was stuck at
Get away Move, leave somewhere.
work and couldn't GET AWAY.
Get away Go somewhere different or do something Work's getting on top of me; I need to
from different. GET AWAY FROM it.
I think we're GETTING AWAY FROM
Get away Start to talk about something that is not
the point here- we need to concentrate on
from relevant to the discussion.
the main ideas.
Get away Not get caught, criticised or punished for Thieves GOT AWAY WITH two
with doing something wrong. Picassos, which were never found.
Get away Achieve something, despite not doing it Do you think we could GET AWAY
with correctly or properly. WITH using the cheaper product?
"I passed." "GET AWAY! You couldn't
Get away! An expression of disbelief.
have passed."
The train was held up so we didn't GET
Get back Return.
BACK home until midnight.
Don't lend him any money; you'll never
Get back Return something.
GET it BACK.
He was rude and embarrassed me, but I'll
Get back Revenge.
GET him BACK.
The police told the crowd to GET BACK
Get back Move away.
to allow the ambulance through.
I'll GET BACK AT her for landing me in
Get back at Take revenge.
trouble.
Get back Start doing something after stopping for I am GETTING BACK INTO my Khmer
into some time. lessons after the summer break.
Get back I lost interest for a while, but I'm
Find a new enthusiasm for something.
into GETTING BACK INTO it.
I'll GET BACK TO you as soon as I hear
Get back to Respond to a contact.
any news.
I don't know at the moment, but I will
Get back to Respond when you know the answer. GET BACK TO you as soon as I have the
information.
Start doing something again after an It took me ages to GET BACK TO sleep
Get back to
interruption. after the phone rang.
Get back We split up a few months ago but GOT
Restart a relationship.
together BACK TOGETHER last week.
All the students GOT BEHIND the
Get behind Support.
teacher.
Get behind Be late paying instalments for something.. If you GET BEHIND WITH mortgage
with payments, you might lose your home.
Get by Have just enough money to live on. They're finding it increasingly difficult to
GET BY since their daughter was born.
I had checked it, but there still were a few
Get by Not be noticed (problems, errors, etc).
mistakes that didn't GET BY the editor.
Get by on Manage on a certain amount of money. It's hard to GET BY ON my salary.
We should be able to GET BY WITH
Get by with Have enough of something to do the job.
three PCs, but four would be better.
Make someone depressed, unhappy, The miserable weather in winter really
Get down
exhausted, etc.. GETS me DOWN.
I couldn't GET DOWN everything he
Get down Write, record.
said.
The medicine tasted horrible and it was
Get down Manage to swallow.
difficult to GET it DOWN.
The trained pulled in and we GOT
Get down Descend, leave a vehicle.
DOWN.
When they had finished dinner, the
Get down Leave the table after eating. children asked if they could GET
DOWN.
The doctor says I my GET my cholesterol
Get down Reduce.
levels DOWN.
Get down Have an affair or sexual relations. They GOT DOWN at the party last week.
Get down My mother used to GET DOWN ON us
Criticise.
on for not doing enough homework.
I find it extremely difficult to GET
Get down to Start working seriously. DOWN TO doing any revision for
examinations.
People were GETTING DOWN TO the
Get down to Enjoy something a lot.
concert.
The air conditioning has broken down;
Arrange for someone to do a job in your
Get in we'll have to GET a technician IN to fix
home, workplace, etc.
it.
Get in Arrive (train, plane, etc.). Her plane GETS IN at 2am our time.
She didn't GET IN till well after twelve
Get in Arrive home. o'clock because she'd been out for a few
drinks with her mates.
Get in Enter a car or taxi. The taxi pulled up and we GOT IN.
We need to GET some coffee IN; we're
Get in Buy or obtain supplies, like food.
completely out.
I GOT IN late today because the train
Get in Arrive at work, school, home.
broke down.
Get in Enter a building or place. I borrowed her pass to GET IN.
The government GOT IN with a very
Get in Be elected.
small majority.
I couldn't GET a word IN throughout the
Get in Manage to say or do.
meeting.
He did badly in the entrance exam and
Get in Be admitted to a university, club, etc.
didn't GET IN.
Get in Bring inside a place. It's raining; I'd better GET the washing
IN.
We have to GET the forms IN by the end
Get in Submit, apply.
of this week.
Get in Pay for drinks. He GOT the drinks IN.
The company tried to GET IN ON our
Get in on Become involved.
market.
I tried to GET IN WITH them as I
Get in with Become friendly with, ingratiate with.
thought it would help me at work.
She's been GETTING INTO dance music
Get into Become involved or interested.
recently.
Become involved in something bad or He GOT INTO drugs when he was at
Get into
criminal. university.
She did well and GOT INTO Cambridge
Get into Be accepted or admitted.
University.
Get into Become or be accepted as a member. He GOT INTO the first team for football.
It took me ages to GET INTO driving on
Get into Start a habit or way of acting or behaving.
the left.
I couldn't GET INTO the boots; they
Get into Be small enough to wear something.
were too tight.
Get into Criticise. He GOT INTO me for doing it badly.
If you don't stop that right now, you'll
Get it Be punished or scolded.
really GET IT!
Get it off Have sex. They GOT IT OFF at the party.
Get it off She GOT IT OFF WITH her friend's
Have sex with.
with husband.
The talk was dull and nobody GOT IT
Get it on Become interested or excited.
ON.
Get it on Have sex. Did you two GET IT ON?
Get it on
Have sex with. Did you GET IT ON WITH him?
with
Get it Control things in your life to achieve your If I don't GET IT TOGETHER, I will
together aims. never reach my targets.
Get it They only GET IT TOGETHER at the
Begin a relationship.
together very end of the film.
He couldn't GET IT UP and felt very
Get it up Become aroused (of a man).
embarrassed.
He GOT OFF on a technicality and left
Get off Escape punishment.
the court a free man.
We GOT OFF the bus and walked to my
Get off Leave a bus, train, etc..
house.
Get off Finish, leave work. I like to GET OFF early on Fridays.
We need to GET OFF early to avoid the
Get off Start a journey.
rush hour traffic.
I can't GET the kids OFF because of the
Get off Help a baby or child sleep.
noise from next door.
Get off Orgasm, have sex. We GOT OFF last night.
Get off Manage to fire a gun. She GOT OFF a few shots before she was
arrested.
Let me know when he GETS OFF the
Get off Stop talking on the phone.
phone as I need to make a call.
I GOT three emails OFF before the
Get off Write or send letters, messages, etc.
meeting.
She GOT OFF some jokes at the start of
Get off Say or write something funny.
her presentation.
A way of expressing disbelief, or telling
I knew he was lying so I told him to GET
Get off it someone that they're wrong or have an
OFF IT.
incorrect opinion.
He GETS OFF ON crystal meth every
Get off on Enjoy a drug.
night.
Get off on Become excited by. She GETS OFF ON her power over us.
Get off with Have casual sex with. He GOT OFF WITH her at the party.
If he bothers you, just tell him where to
Get off! Don't touch, leave alone.
GET OFF.
The teacher asked the pupils to GET ON
Get on Continue doing something. with some work quietly as she had to
leave the classroom.
We GOT ON the train at Plymouth and
Get on Enter a bus, train, plane, etc..
went up to London.
Make progress, deal with something with How are you GETTING ON with your
Get on
a reasonable degree of success. Spanish lessons?
Get on Have a good relationship. We have always GOT ON well.
He's GETTING ON now and doesn't
Get on Become old, age.
work so hard.
Get on Be late or near an arranged time. I must get home now; it's GETTING ON.
I have put so much weight on that I
Get on Wear, fit.
couldn't GET my old suits ON.
I must be GETTING ON; I have other
Get on Leave.
things to do this evening.
He's always GETTING ON AT me when
Get on at Criticise unfairly.
I haven't done anything wrong.
Get on for Be near a time. It's GETTING ON FOR midnight.
It took the authorities a long time to GET
Get on to Start to suspect.
ON TO the gang.
Get on with Have a good relationship. Fortunately, I GET ON WITH my boss.
Get on with Continue or start doing something. She told us to GET ON WITH our work.
We didn't GET ONTO the third item on
Get onto Start discussing a topic.
the agenda.
Get onto Be elected, appointed. He didn't GET ONTO the committee.
He GOT ONTO every major channel
Get onto Appear on the radio or TV.
after the accident.
Contact someone because you need or We'd better GET ONTO someone to fix
Get onto
want them to do something. this.
She GOT ONTO the plane just before it
Get onto Enter a plane, train, etc.
took off.
Leave the house to visit place and She doesn't GET OUT much now she has
Get out
socialise. her baby.
Become known when people want it to The truth GOT OUT despite the
Get out
remain secret. injunction on reporting the case.
The dog GOT OUT because I left the
Get out Leave a place, escape.
door open.
Remove something from where it is stored I GOT the car OUT so that we could load
Get out
to use it. up the suitcases.
I spilled some red wine on my carpet and
Get out Remove dirt or something unwanted.
can't GET the stains OUT.
Publish, make available for the public to We have to GET the report OUT by the
Get out
see or buy. end of the month.
He was so upset he couldn't GET the
Get out Say what you want when it is difficult.
words OUT.
I said I wasn't feeling well and GOT OUT
Get out of Avoid doing something you dislike.
OF the extra work.
We GOT OUT OF the taxi and paid the
Get out of Leave a car, van, etc..
driver.
If you GET OUT OF a routine, it can be
Get out of Stop a regular activity or habit.
hard to start again.
The police couldn't GET any information
Get out of Make someone confess or tell the truth.
OUT OF him.
Did you GET a refund OUT OF the travel
Get out of Make someone give something to you.
agency?
Derive pleasure or benefit from She's GETTING a lot OUT OF her
Get out of
something. university course.
I GOT him OUT OF having to work at
Get out of Help someone avoid doing something.
the weekend.
Get out! Expression of disbelief. 'I got 100% on the test.''Get out!'
It took me ages to GET OVER the bout
Get over Recover from something, feel better.
of flu.
It took us a long time to GET OVER the
Get over Solve, find a solution.
problems with the computer system.
He makes jokes to help GET his message
Get over Communicate, make people understand.
OVER.
Be shocked or surprised that something if I couldn't GET OVER how much weight
Get over
real or true. he had put on.
We couldn't GET OVER the river
Get over Get to the other side.
because of the floods.
He said he needed help and ask me to
Get over Come somewhere.
GET OVER as soon as I could.
Get over Do something unpleasant that has to be I GOT the test OVER WITH rather than
with done rather than delaying it any more. have to worry about it any longer.
I don't want this to GET ROUND, so
Get round Become known.
please keep it to yourself.
Get round Find a solution. We're nearly ready, but there are few little
problems we have to GET ROUND
before we finish.
Get round It always takes me ages to GET ROUND
Finally manage to do something. to writing letters. (In American English
(around) to
'around' is used)
Get round She didn't want to let me do it, but I
Persuade someone. succeeded in GETTING ROUND her. (In
(or around)
American English 'around' is used)
I tried calling her mobile phone, but I
Get through Contact.
couldn't GET THROUGH.
He GETS THROUGH two bottles of
Get through Consume.
wine a day.
I'm going to take some work home
Get through Finish. because I haven't managed to GET
THROUGH it all today.
My car didn't GET THROUGH its
Get through Succeed in an exam or test.
inspection.
Help someone or something succeed or My teacher GOT me THROUGH the
Get through
pass a test or exam. exam.
We will have to be careful with our
Get through Endure or deal with a difficult experience.
money to GET THROUGH the month.
Be accepted or passed (laws, proposals, If the proposal GETS THROUGH, it'll
Get through
etc). make things much better for us.
The water GOT THROUGH the roof and
Get through Manage to pass.
damaged the carpets.
Get through Arrive. The message didn't GET THROUGH.
Get through I explained it carefully, but I just couldn't
Make someone understand.
to GET THROUGH TO him.
Get through I rang but couldn't GET THROUGH TO
Contact, especially by phone.
to her.
Get through If they win, they'll GET THROUGH TO
Reach a stage in a competition.
to the quarter finals.
Don't let her GET TO you; she's just in a
Get to Annoy, irritate.
bad mood.
When I GET TO it, I'll look at the matter
Get to Arrive.
carefully.
We asked him to GET TO the point, but
Get to Start discussing a topic.
he just waffled away.
Get to Have the opportunity to do something. Last June I GOT TO visit Stonehenge.
Get We GOT TOGETHER in the pub for a
Meet socially.
together drink.
I GET UP at seven o'clock on weekdays,
Get up Get out of bed.
but lie in till noon at the weekend.
They GOT UP a list of two hundred
Get up Organise. people who were opposed to the local
council's plans.
The children are always GETTING UP
Get up to Do something wrong or naughty.
TO some trouble or other.
They GHOSTED him AWAY to a secret
Ghost away Remove someone secretly of discreetly.
location before he could be arrested.
The candidates tried to GIN UP support at
Gin up Boost, increase or exaggerate. the straw poll by transporting their
supporters for free.
They tried to GINGER UP the party to
Ginger up Make more lively.
stop people leaving.
Entrust your daughter to her husband He GAVE his daughter AWAY and told
Give away
through the marriage ceremony. the groom to look after her.
She didn't GIVE anything AWAY about
Give away Tell a secret, often unintentionally. the party so it came as a complete
surprise to me.
In this issue of the magazine, they are
Give away Distribute something for free.
giving away a free DVD.
Give without asking for or expecting He decided to GIVE his new album
Give away
payment. AWAY in a magazine.
Give an advantage to your opponent in a
They GAVE AWAY two goals in the first
Give away sport by making a mistake, playing badly,
half.
etc.
Give an unwanted baby to people to bring She had to GIVE her baby AWAY as she
Give away
up. couldn't afford to bring it up.
Give away Betray, report to authorities. The gang GAVE him AWAY to the police.
Give a weight advantage to an opponent in He is GIVING AWAY thirty pounds to
Give away
boxing. the challenger.
I GAVE the money BACK that she'd lent
Give back Return something you've borrowed.
to me.
Nothing could GIVE me BACK the way I
Give back Return something that someone has lost.
felt before the scandal.
Stop doing something because it's too hard I couldn't finish the crossword puzzle and
Give in
or requires too much energy. had to GIVE IN and look at the answers.
The projects have to be GIVEN IN three
Give in Submit homework, etc.. weeks before we break up for the end of
term.
They GAVE IN when the police
Give in Surrender, accept defeat.
surrounded the building.
They GAVE IN their complaint to the
Give in Offer or submit for judgement, approval.
court.
The government says it will not GIVE IN
Give in to Agree to something you don't like.
TO terrorists.
Eventually, I GAVE IN TO my anger and
Give in to Allow a feeling or desire to control you.
screamed at them.
Criticise harshly or punish someone for They really GAVE IT TO me for
Give it to
something. forgetting to turn up.
Give it up
Applaud. Please GIVE IT UP FOR our next guest.
for
Give it up to Applaud. Please GIVE IT UP TO our next guest.
Contribute without expecting anything in He GIVE OF his free time to help the
Give of
return, usually time or money. club.
Emit pollution or something else The police stopped the van because it was
Give off
unpleasant. GIVING OFF a lot of black smoke.
Behave in a way that makes people think
Give off She GIVES OFF an air of nobility.
of you in a certain way.
The company is GIVING OFF all over
Give off Expand.
the country.
Follow or take one of 2 or more branches
A particular application of a processing
(instructions, in machine code) in writing
Give off code can be GIVEN OFF while requiring
a computer program (using system
minimal run-time support.
software for a programming language).
The French windows GIVE ONTO the
Give onto Open into a place, for a door or window.
lawn.
Somebody was GIVING leaflets OUT in
Give out Distribute.
front of the underground station.
I'd been having trouble with my laptop
Give out Stop working, through age or overuse.
and it finally GAVE OUT at the weekend.
The water GAVE OUT after a week in the
Give out Have no more of a supply.
desert.
They GAVE the names of the winners
Give out Make public.
OUT last night.
Give out Emit. The factory GIVES OUT a lot of fumes.
The path GIVES OUT halfway around
Give out End or finish somewhere.
the lake.
Give out Make a sound or noise. She GAVE OUT a moan.
Read the wordings of a hymn or psalm
Give out He GAVE OUT the psalm.
aloud for congregational singing.
They were making a lot of noise so I told
Give over Stop doing something bad or annoying.
them to GIVE OVER.
We've GIVEN the premises OVER to the
Give over Entrust, pass on responsibility.
new company.
The police told the rioters to GIVE
Give over Stop an activity.
OVER.
He GAVE himself OVER TO finding his
Give over to Dedicate, devote.
son.
After her death, they GAVE control of the
Give over to Transfer responsibility.
estate OVER TO her niece.
They've doubled your salary- GIVE
Give over! An expression of disbelief.
OVER!
Stop doing something that has been a I GAVE UP taking sugar in tea and coffee
Give up
habit. to lose weight.
She GAVE UP all her school friends
Give up Stop being friendly, end relationships.
when she went to university.
Give up Stop doing something. I have GIVEN UP trying to help them.
Give up Surrender, stop trying. I can't think of the answer; I GIVE UP.
Sacrifice or dedicate time, etc, to I GAVE UP all my free time to the
Give up
something. project.
Allow someone to sit in your chair, take I GAVE UP my seat to a pregnant
Give up
your place, etc. woman.
Allow or give away a run while pitching He has GIVEN UP 14 earned runs in 14
Give up
(baseball). innings.
Lose faith in or stop believing in I GAVE UP ON them when I heard what
Give up on they were saying about me behind my
something or someone.
back.
I have GIVEN UP ON them; they never
Give up on Stop feeling hope.
do what they promise.
He GAVE his accomplices UP TO the
Give up to Denounce, report to authorities.
police.
Give way Stop to allow vehicles to pass. You must GIVE WAY at this junction.
The dam GAVE WAY when the floods
Give way Collapse, break.
rose.
Don't GIVE WAY TO your worst fears
Give way to Yield, surrender, retreat.
about this.
Give way to Relinquish position or ascendancy. Night GIVES WAY TO day.
Be replaced by something better, cheaper, Cottage industries GAVE WAY TO the
Give way to
more modern, etc. big companies.
You must GIVE WAY TO oncoming
Give way to Allow a vehicle to pass in front.
traffic.
He GAVE WAY TO his anger and started
Give way to Surrender to strong emotions.
screaming at them.
Give The gang GAVE THEMSELVES UP last
Surrender to the police or authorities.
yourself up night.
Give
yourself up Dedicate time, energy, etc, to something. He GAVE himself UP TO his job.
to
Try to minimise the importance of The Minister tried to GLOSS OVER the
Gloss over
something. report that was critical of her department.
I know it was wrong and guilt has
Gnaw at Trouble, worry or annoy someone.
GNAWED AT me ever since I did it.
The government's dishonesty has
Gnaw at Harm gradually. GNAWED AT people's trust in
politicians.
Gnaw away Their behaviour GNAWED AWAY AT
Harm gradually.
at our trust in them.
How should I GO ABOUT telling her the
Go about Deal with something.
bad news?
A rumour is GOING ABOUT involving
Go about Circulate.
the Attorney General.
Go across Move to another side or place. He WENT ACROSS to the opposition.
The cat WENT AFTER the pigeon, but it
Go after Chase, try to get.
flew away.
If the decision GOES AGAINST me, I'll
Go against Lose a decision or a verdict of a court.
go bankrupt.
Go ahead Proceed. The construction of the bypass WENT
AHEAD despite the protests from
environmentalists.
Go ahead We now intend to GO AHEAD WITH the
Proceed.
with final stage of the project.
Go along I didn't really agree, but I WENT
Accept a decision or suggestion. ALONG WITH the decision because I
with
was in the minority.
Go along I plan to GO ALONG WITH them as far
Accompany.
with as Los Angeles.
A rumour is GOING AROUND about the
Go around Circulate.
Attorney General.
There aren't enough jobs to GO
Go around Be or have enough of something. AROUND for the numbers of people
graduating nowadays.
I WENT AROUND for dinner at their
Go around Visit.
house.
She WENT AT her dinner like she hadn't
Go at Attack or approach something with vigour.
eaten for days.
This drug should make the pain GO
Go away Leave a place or disappear.
AWAY.
He and I GO BACK a long way- we were
Go back Have a long history.
at school together.
We WENT BACK to work after the
Go back Return to, start doing something again.
break.
The government have GONE BACK ON
Go back on Break a promise.
their promise not to raise taxes.
We can´t ignore what has GONE
Go before Precede. BEFORE and pretend that everything has
been OK.
The captain told the passengers to GO
Go below Leave the top deck of a ship.
BELOW when the storm started.
Ten years WENT BY before we saw each
Go by The passing of time.
other again.
Don't GO BY my watch; it's usually a bit
Go by Trust or depend on for correct information.
slow.
Nobody was at home when I WENT BY
Go by Pay a short visit, call.
yesterday.
The price of scanners has GONE DOWN
Go down Decrease, get smaller.
recently.
The Titanic WENT DOWN after it hit an
Go down Sink.
iceberg on its maiden voyage.
Go down Sunset. The sun WENT DOWN at seven o'clock.
He WENT DOWN for ten years for
Go down Be sent to to prison.
armed robbery.
It WENT DOWN as the worst day in the
Go down Become recorded as or known as.
history of the company.
Go down Be eaten or swallowed. The medicine WENT DOWN easily.
The boxer WENT DOWN in the second
Go down Fall to the ground.
round.
The police thought that a big crime was
Go down Happen, take place.
GOING DOWN that night.
The computer system WENT DOWN for
Go down Stop working, especially computers.
an hour last night.
The lights WENT DOWN and the
Go down Become dimmer.
audience stopped talking.
Be received by people, in terms of their
Go down My joke WENT DOWN very badly.
reaction.
Go down on Perform oral sex. He WENT DOWN ON her.
Chelsea WENT DOWN TO Arsenal in a
Go down to Be defeated.
thrilling game.
Go down
Fall ill. She WENT DOWN WITH a virus.
with
Go down Do you think the scheme will GO DOWN
Find acceptance.
with WITH the farmers in the area?
The neighbour's dog WENT FOR the
Go for Attack.
postman and bit him.
Go for Be attracted to. She tends to GO FOR guys like him.
I'll GO FOR the soup of the day, followed
Go for Choose, select.
by the duck.
The player WENT FOR the ball but
Go for Try to get.
missed.
The play didn't have much GOING FOR
Go for Have something favourable.
IT and we left halfway through.
Go for Pass for or serve as. It's a couch that also GOES FOR a bed.
He was not always successful, but
Be assertive and ready to initiate action.
Go for it whatever he tried to do he would always
(Related to the meaning 'attack').
GO FOR IT.
He WENT FORTH and found a wife in
Go forth Leave a place.
another city.
They WENT FORTH to spread the word
Go forth Travel abroad, leave a place.
of the new religion.
The clocks MOVE FORWARD an hour
Go forward Move clocks ahead.
on Sunday.
The top three teams GO FORWARD to
Go forward Progress.
the next round.
He WENT IN for a triple bypass
Go in Go to hospital for treatment, surgery, etc..
operation two days ago.
Go in Fit. The cable GOES IN here.
Go in Disappear, become obscured by a cloud. The sun has GONE IN.
Go in Attack. The troops WENT IN at dawn.
He WENT IN FOR the photography
Go in for Enter a competition or sit an exam.
prize, but didn't win.
I don't GO IN FOR the claims being
Go in for Support, advocate.
made about blogging.
Go in for Like, have an interest in. He GOES IN FOR classical music.
Have you thought about GOING IN FOR
Go in for Make a career choice.
teaching?
They're going to GO IN WITH the Social
Go in with Form a union or alliance.
Democrats.
Ask the other to GO IN WITH them on
Go in with Join, enter.
the plan
They refused to GO INTO exactly what
Go into Discuss in some detail.
was wrong.
She WENT INTO banking after she'd
Go into Enter a profession, hospital, trade, market.
finished university.
He WENT INTO a long attack on the
Go into Begin a speech or description.
way press had handled the issue.
A lot of time and effort WENT INTO this
Go into Be dedicated or devoted.
book.
Go into Be contained in a larger number. Five GOES INTO sixty 12 times
Shouting at the boss like that is GOING
Go it Behave in a reckless way.
IT.
After the traffic jam, he really WENT IT
Go it Move or drive very fast.
to make up time.
He prefers to GO IT ALONE rather then
Go it alone Do something without help.
working with the team.
The fire alarm WENT OFF because
Go off Explode (bomb), start ringing (alarm).
someone was smoking in the toilets.
The milk WENT OFF because I forgot to
Go off Go bad.
put it in the fridge.
Go off Start to dislike. I WENT OFF her when she lied to me.
Please don't GO OFF until we have sorted
Go off Leave a place.
this out.
Go off Take place, follow a plan or pattern. The party WENT OFF well.
Stop working (electric/electronic The lights GO OFF automatically when
Go off
equipment). the office is empty.
She WENT OFF WITH her friend's
Go off with Elope, run away with someone.
husband.
Go off with Steal. He WENT OFF WITH my credit cards.
He WENT ON and ON talking and I was
Go on Continue.
so bored.
There are loads of people out in the street;
Go on Happen.
what's GOING ON?
She WENT ON the pill when she met
Go on Start doing or taking something.
him.
The investigators have no clues to GO
Go on Be guided.
ON.
Go on Be nearly a certain period of time. It's GOING ON ten years since we met.
They asked me how the project was
Go on Progress.
GOING ON.
Most of my salary GOES ON my
Go on Spend money.
mortgage repayments.
Start working (electric/electronic The alarm GOES ON when you close the
Go on
equipment). front door.
He's always GOING ON ABOUT his
Go on about Talk too much.
kids.
Pester, try to make someone do something He WENT ON AT his parents until they
Go on at
by repeatedly asking or suggesting. bought him the game.
We had dinner and WENT ON TO a few
Go on to Proceed.
bars.
Go on with Continue doing. Please GO ON WITH your work.
Go one A way of encouraging someone. GO ON, apply for the job.
The candle WENT OUT and left us in
Go out Stop burning, be extinguished.
darkness.
Go out Leave a place. He WENT OUT last night.
The workers WENT OUT for more
Go out Go on strike.
money.
Go out Become infashionable. That sort of tie WENT OUT last year.
Go out Move backwards, of a tide. The tide GOES OUT in the evening.
England WENT OUT in the second
Go out Be eliminated in a competition.
round.
The item WENT OUT on the news
Go out Be transmitted.
yesterday.
Go out Be sent. The newsletter WENT OUT last night.
Go out Intend. I didn't GO OUT to offend them.
She WENT OUT FOR a place on the
Go out for Become a candidate, apply for something.
team.
Our condolences GO OUT TO all the
Go out to Feel sympathy with someone. families who have lost people in this
tragic accident.
He's been GOING OUT WITH his
Go out with Have a relationship with.
girlfriend for around six months now.
We WENT OVER our notes before the
Go over Look at something, revise.
exam.
I hadn't seen her for a while, so I WENT
Go over Visit.
OVER on Friday night.
Go over Be approved or accepted. My plans WENT OVER well.
Could you GO OVER that point again,
Go over Repeat or explain.
please?
I WENT OVER the living room with the
Go over Clean.
vacuum cleaner before they arrived.
I'm GOING OVER TO Hong Kong next
Go over to Go on a journey.
month.
She WENT OVER TO Islam when she
Go over to Become converted.
was living in the Middle East.
I used to drink beer but I have GONE
Go over to Change to something different.
OVER TO wine.
She WENT PAST me without saying
Go past Pass without stopping.
hello.
There aren't enough jobs to GO ROUND
Go round Be or have enough of something. for the numbers of people graduating
nowadays.
There's a nasty rumour GOING ROUND
Go round Circulate.
about them.
Go round Visit. I WENT ROUND last night to see them.
You wouldn't believe what I WENT
Go through Experience.
THROUGH when I was ill!
I WENT THROUGH my notes before the
Go through Read again.
exam.
I WENT THROUGH my desk looking
Go through Examine, search.
for the letter.
Do something in a certain way or You must GO THROUGH the proper
Go through
following certain procedures. channels to get the approval.
He WENT THROUGH his ideas twice
Go through Explain.
but I couldn't really understand them.
My divorce WENT THROUGH last
Go through Be approved formally or sanctioned.
week.
They said I could GO THROUGH the
Go through Enter.
exam room.
We WENT THROUGH a fortune on our
Go through Consume or spend.
holiday.
I WENT THROUGH my work in a daze
Go through Perform or carry something out.
after I heard the news.
Go through Do or complete something you've agreed He did promise, but I doubt that he'll GO
with to. THROUGH WITH it.
About half of my income GOES TO pay
Go to Allocate money.
the mortgage.
Drinking and driving don't GO
Go together Harmonize or be compatible.
TOGETHER.
The money WENT TOWARDS my
Go towards Contibute.
university fees.
Many small shops are GOING UNDER
Go under Go bankrupt. because they cannot compete with the
supermarkets.
She WENT UNDER a few minutes after
Go under Lose consciousness.
they administered the anaesthetic.
The ship WENT UNDER in a heavy
Go under Sink.
storm.
The price of petrol has GONE UP sharply
Go up Rise or climb. because of the increase in duty in the
Government's budget.
We WENT UP and asked them for some
Go up Approach.
information about the courses.
Skyscrapers are GOING UP everywhere
Go up Be built.
in the city centre.
A huge cheer WENT UP when the
Go up Be heard.
president arrived.
The top three teams GO UP at the end of
Go up Be promoted.
the season.
She WENT UP TO him and asked him if
Go up to Approach.
he wanted a drink.
She WENT UP TO Cambridge after she
Go up to Attend a university.
finished secondary school.
The book only GOES UP TO the start of
Go up to Reach.
the Second World War.
Go with Combine nicely. Does this tie GO WITH my shirt?
Go with Accompany. A lot of benefits GO WITH the job.
We're GOING WITH our original plan in
Go with Accept, agree to.
the end.
She's been GOING WITH him since she
Go with Date, have a relationship with.
was at university.
I had to GO WITHOUT lunch today
Go without Not have.
because I didn't have any time.
They're not coming, so we'll have to GO
Go without Cope without having something.
WITHOUT their help.
Goof We spent the weekend GOOFING
Fool around, not be serious.
around AROUND.
We GOOFED OFF for the afternoon to
Goof off Avoid or leave work.
watch the match.
Goof up Mess, spoil. They GOOFED UP our plans.
Grasp at Try to take hold of something quickly. He GRASPED AT the rail when he fell.
They GRASPED AT the chance to speak
Grasp at Take an opportunity without hesitation.
to her.
He GRASSED ON us and got us into a
Grass on Report someone to a person in authority.
lot of trouble.
She didn't to GRASS them UP, even
Grass up Report someone to a person in authority.
though they'd been bullying her badly.
They GREYED OUT the print button to
Disable a function in a computer program,
Grey out stop people using it.(In American
leaving it visible but not working.
English, 'gray' would be used.)
Although I hated it, I GROUND AWAY
Grind away Keep working at something.
until I had finished.
Grind down Reduce or destroy someone's enthusiasm. Their negativity GRINDS me DOWN
Press or twist something hard into She GROUND her cigarette INTO the
Grind into
something else. ashtray.
Grind on Proceed relentlessly. The war GROUND ON for years.
He was still GRINDING ON about
Grind on Talk endlessly.
football when we left.
I find it very hard to GRIND OUT an
Grind out Produce something with great difficulty.
original essay every week.
She GROUND the beans UP and made
Grind up Reduce to small pieces.
some coffee.
Become distant, stop having a close
We used to be good friends at school but
Grow apart relationship because time, distance,
have since GROWN APART.
interests, etc, have changed.
Grow away I have GROWN AWAY FROM many of
Become less friendly with.
from the people I grew up with.
Nails GROW BACK quickly after you
Grow back Grow again.
cut them.
Grow from Result from a process. A lot GREW FROM the peace talks.
The jacket's a bit big, but she'll GROW
Grow into Grow to fit large clothes.
INTO it.
She's has GROWN INTO a lovely
Grow into Mature or change into.
person.
Develop or change over time to fit It may seem difficult at first, but you will
Grow into
something. GROW INTO the job.
The painting has GROWN ON me; I used
Grow on Like something that you didn't like at first.
to ate it.
Have a greater influence or degree of The plans sounded strange at first, but
Grow on
acceptance. they have GROWN ON me.
A feeling of distrust of them GREW ON
Grow on Become gradually more evident.
me.
Let hair, etc, with dyes, perms grow to get
Grow out I'm letting the perm GROW OUT.
rid of the style.
He GREW OUT OF those shoes in no
Grow out of Grow too large for clothes.
time at all.
Lose interest as you grow older or become He was obsessed with computer games
Grow out of
more mature. but the he GREW OUT OF them.
The idea for the film GREW OUT OF an
Grow out of Result or develop from.
accident that happened to the director.
Grow to Eventually do something. We GREW TO like the neighbourhood.
Grow Gradually become attached, united or We GREW TOGETHER while we were
together close. working on the same project.
Grow up Mature, become adult. He GREW UP in the West Country.
Grow up Arise, emerge. The industry GREW UP very quickly.
Develop in a place or for a reason (city,
Grow up The town GREW UP as a trading post.
town, etc).
Do or have something when you are a
Grow up on We GREW UP ON cartoons.
child.
The book started slowly and was a bit
Grow upon Like something that you didn't like at first.
dull, but it has GROWN UPON me.
Have a greater influence or degree of As we got nearer the date of the meeting,
Grow upon
acceptance. their idea GREW UPON me.
A feeling of distrust of them GREW
Grow upon Become gradually more evident.
UPON me.
Gun for Try to destroy an opponent. He's GUNNING FOR his rivals at work.
Dress smartly or improve the appearance They spent a fortune GUSSYING UP the
Gussy up
of something. house.
Hack Waste time. I've been HACKING AROUND all
morning because I can't get down to
around
doing any revision.
He HACKED INTO the government
Hack into Break into a computer system.
database and stole a lot of data.
He HACKS me OFF with his endless
Hack off Annoy.
complaining.
Hack up Chop or cut into small pieces. They HACKED the table UP and burnt it.
I HACKED UP a lot of phlegm while I
Hack up Expel by coughing.
was ill.
Perform or act in an excessive way to He HAMMED the part UP to get the
Ham up
attract attention or amuse people. audience to laugh.
Hammer She HAMMERED AWAY AT her PC all
Work relentlessly.
away at night and finished the project.
Hammer Repeat something over a period of time to
He HAMMERED the rules INTO me.
into make someone remember it.
Hammer They HAMMERED OUT their
Negotiate and reach an agreement.
out differences and got the contract signed.
The police officer checked my licence,
Hand back Return.
then HANDED it BACK.
The jewellery has been HANDED
Hand down Pass on to the next generation.
DOWN in my family for generations.
The court HANDED DOWN its ruling
Hand down Give a formal decision.
yesterday.
I HANDED my homework IN late as
Hand in Submit work for appraisal.
usual.
Hand on Give to someone else. I HANDED the job ON to a colleague.
Transmit knowledge to the next The secrets have been HANDED ON
Hand on
generation. from generation to generation.
The teacher HANDED OUT the
Hand out Distribute.
worksheet to the class.
The robbers told the clerk to HAND
Hand over Give.
OVER all the money.
They HANG ABOUT the station most of
Hang about Spend time somewhere not doing much.
the day.
Hang Stop what you're doing and pay attention HANG ABOUT! We're not allowed to do
about! to me. this.
Hang They HANG AROUND the station most
Stay in a place.
around of the day.
Not move forwards to avoid doing When they raced towards the entrance, I
Hang back
something. HUNG BACK till it was less crowded.
Hang back They were HANGING BACK FROM
Delay or avoid doing something.
from making the final decision.
Hang in Were were doing badly, but we HUNG IN
Persevere, not give up.
there THERE till we finished.
I’m getting too old for this- I’m going to
Hang it up Retire, quit.
HANG IT UP starting next month.
Hang on Wait. Could you HANG ON for a moment till
she's free.
The driver told the passengers to HANG
Hang on Hold tightly.
ON as the bus pulled off.
I HUNG ONTO my old records even
Hang onto Keep.
though I never played them.
He HANGS OUT in the pub The
Hang out Spend time socially.
Monarch; he's there most nights.
Hang out Wait or refuse to do something until you
She's HANGING OUT FOR a big raise.
for get what you want.
I have a lot of financial problem
Hang over Worry or trouble.
HANGING OVER my head.
Hang We have to HANG TOGETHER if we're
Work together when things are difficult.
together going to finish this project.
Hang up End a phone call. I lost my temper and HUNG UP.
A telesales person called, so I said
Hang up on End a phone call with someone.
something rude and HUNG UP ON them.
He has been HANGING WITH them for
Hang with Spend time with.
a few months.
I'm supposed to be on a diet and I can't
Hanker Want something a lot, especially if you
stop HANKERING AFTER some
after shouldn't want it or can't have it.
chocolate.
Want something a lot, especially if you I have always HANKERED FOR a soft-
Hanker for
shouldn't want it or can't have it. top car.
I was late twice last week and my boss
Harp on Talk repeatedly about something.
keeps HARPING ON about it.
Be jealous, abuse or have an active hatred She HATES ON people who disagree
Hate on
of someone. with her ideas.
Have Dislike, disagree or hold a grudge I HAVE nothing AGAINST their
against (Usually negative). proposals.
Have I HAD the neighbours AROUND for
Entertain someone in your home.
around dinner last night.
Have down Think of someone or something in a I HAD her DOWN AS a liberal, but I was
as particular way. very wrong.
Have a supply of something in a particular
Have in Do we HAVE any beer IN?
place.
Have in Get someone to do some work. We HAD the decorators IN last week.
Have in Entertain people in your home. We HAD them IN last night for dinner.
Have it Have sex with someone, especially casual
She HAD IT AWAY with him last Friday.
away sex.
Have it in He has HAD IT IN FOR me since I beat
Hold a grudge.
for him last year.
Have it off Have sex. They HAD IT OFF after the party.
Have it out Discuss or argue an issue to improve a I'd been worried for ages, so I decided to
with situation. HAVE IT OUT WITH them.
I HAD a couple of days OFF last week to
Have off Take time off work.
relax.
Have on Be wearing. What did Jennie HAVE ON at the party?
Have on Have an electronic device switched on. I HAVE my computer ON all the time.
Have on Have an arrangement. I HAVE a lot of meetings ON next week.
They said they'd failed, but they were
Have on Tease, deceive.
HAVING me ON.
I HAVEN'T any money ON me, but I can
Have on Be in possession at a particular time.
get some from the ATM.
Know something about someone that I HAVE a lot ON him because we used to
Have on
could harm them. work together.
Have over Receive a guest. Shall we HAVE them OVER for dinner?
Have round Entertain someone in your home. I HAD a few friends ROUND yesterday.
Have up Make someone appear in court. They HAD him UP for armed robbery.
It's getting late- I'm HEADING FOR
Head for Move or travel towards.
home.
Stop someone or force them to change The sheriff and his men HEADED the
Head off
direction. bandits OFF at the pass.
The company made a better offer to
Head off Prevent something bad happening.
HEAD OFF the moves for a strike.
After work, we all HEADED OFF to the
Head off Leave somewhere to go to another place.
pub.
We're HEADING OUT at seven, so don't
Head out Go out.
be late.
He's HEADING UP the steering
Head up Be in charge.
committee.
Have you HEARD ABOUT the company
Hear about Get to know some information.
takeover?
Receive a phone call, email, letter or other I haven't HEARD FROM them since we
Hear from
communication from someone. left university.
Know of something or someone's I've HEARD OF the band, but don't know
Hear of
existence. their music.
Receive news, updates or information I have HEARD nothing OF them since
Hear of
about someone. they moved house.
In the negative, this can mean that I said it would be a positive step, but she
Hear of someone refuse to accept, allow or
wouldn't HEAR OF it.
acknowledge something.
I HEARD them OUT before I
Hear out Listen to everything someone has to say.
commented.
He HEATED the soup UP in the
Heat up Make food hot.
microwave.
She really HELPED me OUT when I was
Help out Give assistance.
going through my divorce.
Put something in a place where it won't be They HID the money AWAY in secret
Hide away
found. bank accounts.
Go or stay somewhere where you won't be I'm renting a cottage where I can HIDE
Hide away
found or away from people. AWAY for the summer.
Go or stay somewhere to avoid being The police think he's HIDING OUT in
Hide out
caught or found. the woods.
Hinge on Depend very much or completely. Everything HINGES ON the results of
the negotiations; if they go badly, we'll be
in real trouble.
Be an essential point for the development The film HINGES ON his not being
Hinge on
of a story. recognised when he's in disguise.
Everything HINGES UPON the results of
Hinge upon Depend very much or completely. the negotiations; if they go badly, we'll be
in real trouble.
The president HIT BACK at her critics in
Hit back Attack or criticise.
a speech last night.
They HIT the sponsors FOR a lot of
Hit for Get someone to pay or donate money.
money.
Have a good relationship from the first We HIT IT OFF immediately and became
Hit it off
time you meet a person. firm friends.
Hit it off Like someone from the first time you meet
I HIT IT OFF WITH her immediately.
with them.
Hit on Have an idea. I suddenly HIT ON the solution
Talk to someone to try to attract them She HIT ON him at the party and they
Hit on
sexually. went back to her house.
A beggar HIT ON me when I left the
Hit on Ask for money.
restaurant.
The government HIT OUT AT the media
Hit out at Respond angrily to criticism.
for their negativity.
Hit up Inject drugs. She's been HITTING UP for years.
He always tries to HIT me UP for money
Hit up Ask someone for some money.
when we meet.
He's been HITTING UP ON heroin for
Hit up on Inject drugs.
years.
Hit upon Have an idea. It took us ages to HIT UPON a solution.
Hit upon Try to attract someone sexually. He tried to HIT UPON her at the pub.
Surprise someone with some information He HIT me WITH the details of their
Hit with
or news. demands.
Separate part of a company or service,
Hive off They HIVED OFF the retail operations.
often by selling it.
Hold Have a grudge against someone, or little He was very rude, but I won't HOLD it
against respect. AGAINST him.
It was really hard to HOLD BACK the
Hold back Not show emotion.
tears.
Prevent something moving forwards or Lack of funding HELD the project
Hold back
progressing. BACK.
Not disclose information or make it The government HELD BACK the
Hold back findings of the report for fear of
public.
alienating voters.
Hold back Not allow yourself to do something. I had to HOLD BACK FROM losing my
from temper with them.
He's so unreliable that he can never
Hold down Keep a job. HOLD DOWN a job for more than a
couple of months.
It took four of us to HOLD him DOWN
Hold down Stop someone or something from moving.
and stop the fight.
State your opinions about something,
The manager HELD FORTH on the topic
Hold forth especially when talking for a long time
for about twenty minutes.
and boringly.
The rain HELD OFF until we'd got back
Hold off When bad weather doesn't appear.
home.
Stop someone from attacking or beating Chelsea couldn't HOLD their opponents
Hold off
you. OFF and lost the game.
Could you HOLD ON for a minute; she'll
Hold on Wait.
be free in a moment.
Hold on To hold tightly. We HELD ON as the bus started to move.
I HELD ON TO my luggage while I was
Hold on to Hold tightly. waiting fr the taxi so that it didn't get
stolen.
It tried to HOLD ONTO my cash during
Hold onto Keep as long as possible. the holiday so I could buy some duty free
stuff on the way back.
The mother HELD ONTO her daughter's
Hold onto Hold tightly.
hand to keep together in the crowd.
When the enemy attacked, they HELD
Hold out Resist.
OUT for six weeks.
I HELD OUT my hand when she walked
Hold out Hold in front of you.
in.
Hold out The staff are HOLDING OUT AGAINST
Try to reject.
against the plans to reduce the workforce.
Wait for something better or refuse
We are HOLDING OUT FOR a much
Hold out for something now for something better in the
better deal than the one offered.
future.
Not pay someone or give them He's been HOLDING OUT ON me for
Hold out on
information. weeks and I really need the money.
The meeting has been HELD OVER till
Hold over Delay.
Friday.
To continue something for longer than It has been so successful that they have
Hold over
planned. HELD it OVER for another fortnight.
Hold The society managed to HOLD
Not break up.
together TOGETHER despite the crisis.
I was HELD UP by the terrible traffic and
Hold up Delay when travelling. arrived half an hour late for my
appointment.
Two armed men HELD UP the bank in
Hold up Rob with violence or threats thereof. High Street this morning and got away
with £75,000.
Hold with Accept (usually negative). I don't HOLD WITH their plans.
Hide to avoid detection or an unpleasant They HOLED UP in a remote cottage
Hole up
situation. while the police were searching for them.
The government is HOMING IN ON
Home in on Target.
benefit fraud.
The company HONED IN ON its rival
and tried to take it over.(Some consider
Hone in on Target, focus.
this verb to be wrong and that is confused
with 'home in on.)
Persuade someone to do something they She HOOKED them INTO coming after
Hook into
don't want to do. all.
Hook up Meet someone. We HOOKED UP at the conference.
He's HOOKED UP TO a ventilator in the
Hook up to Connect to a machine.
hospital.
Hoon Act in a dangerous or reckless way, He was HOONING AROUND in his new
around especially when driving fast. car last night and the police pulled him.
Horse The class were HORSING AROUND
Not be serious. when the teacher came in and told them
around
to sit down.
Use a hose to wet, clean or wash
Hose down They HOSED the patio DOWN.
something.
Invest heavily in or throw a lot of money They have HOSED DOWN an obscure
Hose down
at something. start-up up with capital.
Force someone out of a place, job, The press HOUNDED the minister OUT
Hound out
position, etc.. after the scandal broke.
Hover She was HOVERING AROUND to see
Move about a place.
around what we were talking about.
Hunker Settle in a place as comfortably as possible The troops HUNKERED DOWN in the
down to stay there. building.
Hunt down Search for someone to punish or kill them. The police HUNTED the killer DOWN.
It took me ages to HUNT OUT the
Hunt out Search until you find something.
photos.
He HUNTED UP a copy the book in the
Hunt up Search for and manage to find something.
British library.
The company tried to HUSH UP the
Try to keep something bad from becoming
Hush up scandal, but it still got into the
widely known.
newspapers.
The management team IRONED OUT
Iron out Remove small problems or irregularities. the tax problems before they gave the
project the OK.
New initiatives ISSUE FORTH from the
Issue forth Come out of a place.
government on a daily basis.
Jabber They started JABBERING AWAY about
Talk fast or incomprehensibly.
away file systems and lost me completely.
Jack Make trouble for someone, fail to keep Don't listen to him- he always JACKS
around promises. people AROUND.
I JACKED my job IN because my boss
Jack in Quit, give up.
refused to give me a raise.
Raise a car to be able to do mechanical We JACKED the car UP and changed the
Jack up
work. tyre.
They have JACKED UP the price of oil
Jack up Increase sharply.
this month.
Jack JAMMED ON the brakes when the
Jam on Apply or operate something forcefully.
rabbit ran in front of his car.
That shows that your interest is not in
Talk just for the point of talking rather
Jaw away helping the student, but in JAWING
than having anything to say.
AWAY.
Make something more interesting or The show was getting stale so they
Jazz up
attractive. JAZZED it UP with some new scenes.
Cause someone trouble, treat someone He was JERKING us AROUND and
Jerk around
badly. wouldn't give us the facts.
They were JERKING AROUND during
Jerk around Behave stupidly.
the lecture.
You should get your work done and stop
Jerk off Waste time doing unimportant things.
JERKING OFF.
Joke
Be funny, or try to. He's always JOKING AROUND in class.
around
I JOTTED DOWN her number on a scrap
Jot down Make a quick note.
of paper and I can't find it now.
Make something more exciting or perform I need to buy some memory to JUICE my
Juice up
better. computer UP.
I'd JUMP AT the chance to go and live in
Jump at Accept eagerly.
Japan.
He JUMPED IN and told them exactly
Jump in Enter a conversation.
what he thought.
Jump off Start quickly, often well. The IPO JUMPED OFF on the first day.
Everyone JUMPED ON me when I raised
Jump on Criticize, attack.
the issue.
The boat KEELED OVER in the storm
Keel over Turn upside down.
and the crew drowned.
He was going to confront his boss, but
Keel over Surrender, give in. KEELED OVER and didn't mention the
matter.
The drunk KEELED OVER when trying
Keel over Fall to the ground.
to leave the pub.
Keep I KEEP a dictionary AROUND when I'm
Keep something near you.
around doing my homework.
She found the course hard but she KEPT
Keep at Continue with something difficult.
AT it and completed it successfully.
Medicines should always be KEPT
Keep away Don't allow someone near something.
AWAY from children.
The police told the crowd to KEEP
Keep back Maintain a safe distance.
BACK from the fire.
The food was so horrible that I struggled
Keep down Not vomit.
to KEEP it DOWN.
Keep from Control yourself, refrain. I couldn't KEEP FROM arguing with her.
The teacher KEPT the students IN after
Keep in Not allow someone out.
school because they had misbehaved.
Keep off Not talk about. She KEPT OFF the subject of her
divorce.
Keep off Not tread on something. KEEP OFF the grass in the park, please.
He KEPT ON trying and succeeded in the
Keep on Continue.
end.
The police KEPT the demonstrators OUT
Keep out Not allow someone to enter.
of the building.
Keep to Stay within limits. Please KEEP TO the path.
My neighbours KEPT me UP till after 4
Keep up Not let someone go to bed.
am with their loud music last night.
First I phoned you and left a message that
you should phone me; then you phoned
and I was out, so you left a message;
Keep up Maintain a continuous action, persist.
then...! How long can we KEEP this UP
without ever speaking to each other
directly?
Learning a language is difficult, but if
Keep up at Continue, not quit. you KEEP UP AT it, you'll succeed in the
end.
Keep up He walks too fast and it's really hard to
Move at the same rate.
with KEEP UP WITH him.
Keep up It's hard to KEEP UP WITH all the latest
Stay up to date. improvements and breakthroughs in
with
technology nowadays.
Key down Relax, unwind. I need to KEY DOWN before I go to bed.
Enter numbers or information into a It took me ages to KEY IN all the
Key in
computer or electronic system. information into the database.
They KEYED IN ON the person they
Key in on Focus attention on, single out.
believed had done it.
We will KEY ON the opposing team's
Key on Target, focus on (sport).
lack of skills on defense.
Plan things to fit or suit people or Promotions are KEYED TO people's
Key to
situations. abilities.
Key up Make someone excited or nervous. The noise got us KEYED UP.
We KICKED the idea ABOUT at the
Kick about Discuss.
meeting.
Kick
Discuss. We KICKED the idea AROUND.
around
Kick I used to KICK AROUND WITH them,
Spend time with.
around with but haven't seen them for a while.
I had to KICK ten percent BACK to the
Kick back Pay someone illegally as part of the price.
government official to get the contract.
They KICKED BACK when we
Kick back Resist.
suggested downsizing.
Rather than go out tonight, we plan to
Kick back Relax.
KICK BACK and watch television.
Kick down Break something with your feet. The police KICKED the door DOWN.
Kick in When a drug starts to take effect. Her hayfever didn't feel half as bad once
the antihistamines had KICKED IN.
Kick in Break something with your feet. They KICKED his head IN.
I’ll KICK IN for some of the beer if you
Kick in Contribute money.
will buy the pizza.
The budget cuts are starting to KICK IN
Kick in Start having an effect.
and people are struggling.
Kick off Start a game of football. The match KICKS OFF at three o'clock.
He KICKED OFF last month when he
Kick off Die.
had a massive heart attack.
The fight KICKED OFF when he insulted
Kick off When trouble starts.
the guy's girlfriend.
He started KICKING OFF big time when
Kick off Argue, protest and refuse to co-operate.
the police tried to arrest him.
The family KICKED the au pair OUT
when they found out that she was
Kick out Expel.
planning to move to work for another
household.
Kick up Cause trouble or pain. My back KICKS UP when it gets cold.
There used to be a lot of wolves around
Reduce or exterminate a population by
Kill off here, but most of them have been
hunting, pollution, development, etc..
KILLED OFF.
Sleep away from your home, often without It's too late to get the train, so can I KIP
Kip down
planning to. DOWN here tonight?
Kip down There were so many of us that we had to
Sleep on something other than a bed.
on KIP DOWN ON the floor.
He was bugging us, so we told him to
Kiss off Used to tell someone to go away.
KISS OFF.
Consider something to be unimportant or
Kiss off He KISSED the criticism OFF.
inferior.
He's a creep and is always KISSING UP
Kiss up to Try to get into someone's favour.
TO the director.
Knock He KNOCKED his brother ABOUT after
Beat someone.
about they argued.
Knock We KNOCKED the idea AROUND a bit,
Discuss casually.
around but decided not to bother.
Your holiday must have KNOCKED you
Knock back Cost someone a lot of money.
BACK a bit.
Finish a drink quickly, drink a lot of The pub was closing so we KNOCKED
Knock back
alcohol. our drinks BACK and left.
It really KNOCKED me BACK when I
Knock back Shock.
heard they had been killed.
Knock They KNOCKED DOWN the old church
Demolish.
down and built a block of flats in its place.
Knock The car KNOCKED her DOWN and she
Hit and injure someone.
down broke her arm.
Knock it The were making too much noise, so I
Stop doing something annoying.
off! told them to KNOCK IT OFF.
We KNOCKED OFF early on Friday to
Knock off Finish work for the day.
avoid the rush hour queues.
They KNOCKED ten pounds OFF when
Knock off Reduce the price of something.
I asked for a discount.
The new road KNOCKS an hour OFF the
Knock off Reduce the time required to do something.
journey.
Knock off Steal. He KNOCKED it OFF and sold it.
Knock off Produce or create something quickly. I KNOCKED the essay OFF in an hour.
The reigning middleweight champion
Knock out Hit and make somebody unconscious. KNOCKED OUT the challenger in the
fourth round of the fight.
They're KNOCKING hundreds OUT a
Knock out Sell, distribute.
day in the sales.
Knock They KNOCKED TOGETHER two
Join houses that had been separate.
together outbuilding and turned them into a home.
She got KNOCKED UP when she was on
Knock up Become or get someone pregnant..
holiday.
The teams KNOCKED UP for a few
Knock up Play a bit before a match to get ready.
minutes before the final.
They KNOCKED a model UP over the
Knock up Produce or create something quickly.
weekend.
Knuckle I've got my exams next week and I
Make a great effort. haven't done much work, so I'd better
down
KNUCKLE DOWN.
Knuckle The teacher made the students
Submit to authority. KNUCKLE UNDER and hand their
under
projects in on time.
He LANDED ME IN it when he told
Land in Get someone into trouble.
them what I had done wrong.
Arrive, end a journey in a place, often We set out for Manchester, but LANDED
Land up in
without planning. UP IN Liverpool.
He LANDED ME WITH the job of
Land with Create a problem for someone.
proofreading the whole thing.
Lap up Appreciate something. He LAPPED UP their praise.
Large it up Have a good time when intoxicated. They were LARGING IT UP in the rave.
The children made me angry because they
Lark about Behave in a silly way.
were LARKING ABOUT.
Lark The students wouldn't stop LARKING
Behave in a silly way.
around AROUND.
After they won, they went to a bar to L
Lark it up Enjoy yourself noisily and exuberantly.
ARK IT UP.
The rain was LASHING DOWN all day
Lash down Fall heavily (rain).
and the roads were flooded.
We LASHED the tarpaulin DOWN to
Lash down Secure something with ropes or cords.
stop the wind blowing it away.
He LASHED INTO them for messing
Lash into Criticise someone strongly.
thins up.
He LASHED OUT and broke the man's
Lash out Suddenly become violent.
nose.
He LASHES OUT when things don't go
Lash out React angrily.
his way.
Lash out Spend a lot of money on luxuries. I LASHED OUT in the sales last week.
Lash out The press has LASHED OUT AGAINST
Criticise something strongly.
against the policy.
Hit someone suddenly, usually without He LASHED OUT AT me when I
Lash out at
warning, or try to hit them. laughed at him.
She LASHED OUT AT her colleagues
Lash out at Criticise someone or shout at them.
when she was sacked.
Lash out on Spend a lot of money buying something. I LASHED OUT a lot ON a new car.
They were lying, but it took her ages to
Latch on Understand, often after a long time.
LATCH ON.
Understand something, often after a long The police didn't LATCH ON TO what
Latch on to
time. the crooks were doing for years.
Latch onto Connect to something. The gecko LATCHED ONTO the ceiling.
Decide or realise that something is good or Oil companies have LATCHED ONTO
Latch onto
profitable. environmental ideas.
Pretend something (an injury, news, etc.) He LAUGHED OFF the sprained finger
Laugh off
isn’t important. but it obviously affected his golf game.
The rules of the sport were LAID DOWN
Lay down Establish rules or procedures.
early in the nineteenth century.
He got LAID DOWN in a turf war about
Lay down Kill, murder.
supplying drugs.
His partner LAID INTO him when he
Lay into Criticise angrily.
arrived two hours late..
The hotel LAID OFF twenty staff
Lay off Make an employee redundant.
because tourist numbers were down.
They LAID ON a buffet lunch at the
Lay on Organise, supply.
conference.
They LAID OUT thousands of pounds on
Lay out Spend money.
their wedding reception.
She LED HIM ON about her desire to get
Lead on Falsely or cruelly raise hopes.
married.
The investigation LED TO the arrest of a
Lead to Result in.
number of suspects.
The company's plans to close the factory
Leak out Become public knowledge. LEAKED OUT and they were very
embarrassed.
Put pressure on someone to get them to do The government has denied LEANING
Lean on ON the Attorney General to get his
what you want.
approval of the war.
Leap at Take an opportunity enthusiastically. He LEAPED AT the chance to visit.
Show interest in or try to use something to They have LEAPT ON the bandwagon to
Leap on
your advantage. increase sales.
Leap out at Be very noticeable. Her face LEAPT OUT AT me the second
I saw the photo.
They have LEAPT UPON a couple of
Show interest in or try to use something to
Leap upon errors in the document and want to
your advantage.
invalidate the agreement.
LEAVE the TV ON; I want to hear the
Leave on Not turn off.
football results.
He was LEFT OUT of the side because
Leave out Not include.
he hasn't been playing too well lately.
She failed to turn up and I felt badly LET
Let down Disappoint, fail to keep an arrangement.
DOWN.
He's grown so much, we'll have to LET
Let down Make clothes longer.
his trousers DOWN.
The doorstaff didn't LET him IN the
Let in Allow someone to enter.
nightclub because he was wearing jeans.
The judge LET him OFF with a fine
Let off Not punish. rather than a prison sentence since it was
his first offence.
I didn't mean to LET ON about the party;
Let on Tell a secret.
I just said it without thinking.
The convict was LET OUT of prison after
Let out Allow to leave or go out. serving five years of an eight-year
sentence.
He LET OUT a huge sigh of relief when
Let out Make a sound.
he heard the results.
I've put on so much weight that I'm going
Let out Make clothes bigger.
to have to LET my suits OUT.
The pilot LEVELED OFF at 5,000
Level off Stabilize the altitude of an airplane.
meters.
The pilot LEVELED OUT at 5,000
Level out Stabilize the altitude of an airplane.
meters.
Most days he would usually just LIE
Lie around Act in a lazy or unproductive way.
AROUND the house.
I'm going to LIE DOWN for a few
Lie down Rest.
minutes before we have to go out.
The decision about the contract LIES
Lie with Have the right to make a decision.
WITH the courts.
Lift off Leave the ground- rocket or spaceship. 5-4-3-2-1- we have LIFT-OFF!
When Zeke found out they were coming
Light out Leave suddenly.
for him he LIT OUT for the border.
Asif LIT UP as soon as he got out of the
Light up Light or start smoking a cigarette.
building.
They LIGHT UP the streets at Christmas
Light up Illuminate.
time.
I told them to LIGHTEN UP but they
Lighten up Be less serious.
continued complaining about it.
Do some exercises to warm up before The team LIMBERED UP for a few
Limber up
playing a sport or other physical activity. minutes before the game started.
Limber up Prepare for something that will require a They are LIMBERING UP FOR the end
for great effort. of the financial year.
The police got them to LINE UP against
Line up Arrange in a line.
the wall.
He LINED the bottles UP against the
Line up Arrange something in a line.
wall.
We have LINED UP a lot of meetings for
Line up Arrange events for someone.
them.
Link up Connect, join. The train LINKS UP the cities.
Link up We LINKED UP WITH the firm over the
Connect with someone or contact them.
with web.
Listen out They put their coats on and LISTENED
Listen for a particular noise or sound.
for OUT FOR the minicab.
LISTEN UP, men! Here are your new
Listen up Pay attention (often used as a command).
assignments.
Follow a belief system to guide your
Live by He tries hard to LIVE BY the Bible.
behaviour.
If I fail the test and everyone else passes,
Live down Stop being embarrassed about something.
I'll never be able to LIVE it DOWN.
Live for Believe something is extremely important. He LIVES FOR football.
Live in the place where you work or The university has a residential halls
Live in
study.. where students can LIVE IN.
Have a good time by spending a lot of She's been LIVING IT UP like crazy
Live it up
money. since she won the lottery.
They find it hard to LIVE OFF the money
Live off Use money earned.
they make.
He’s 40 and he still LIVES OFF his
Live off Be financially supported.
parents.
Live on Use money for basic necessities. They have to LIVE ON $200 a week.
He's been dead for many years, but his
Live on Not be forgotten.
name LIVES ON.
She LIVED OUT her final years in a
Live out Stay somewhere until you die.
nursing home.
Many parents try to LIVE OUT their
Live out Fulfill an ambition or fantasy.
dreams through their children.
In my final year at university I LIVED
Not live at the place where you study or
Live out OUT with some friends in a flat we
work.
rented.
Live It was hard to LIVE THROUGH the
Experience different times.
through recession, but we managed it.
Live Have a relationship and live in the same We LIVED TOGETHER for a few years
together place without marrying. before we got married.
The concert didn't LIVE UP TO my
Live up to Meet expectations or standards.
expectations.
It's hard to LIVE WITH the pain of a
Live with Accept something unpleasant.
serious illness.
Live with Have a relationship and live in the same I LIVED WITH her for a couple of years
place without marrying. before the relationship went sour.
I was LOADED DOWN with all the stuff
Load down Burden.
I had to take there.
Load up Take illegal drugs. He's been LOADING UP for years.
We LOADED the car UP and left for our
Load up Fill a machine or vehicle.
holiday.
Consume a lot of something for a The athletes LOADED UP ON
Load up on
particular purpose. carbohydrates before the race.
Lock away Lock in a safe place. He LOCKED the gun AWAY in a drawer.
Put someone in prison or a mental hospital They LOCKED him AWAY for life after
Lock away
for a very long time. the murders.
If you lock down your computer properly,
Lock down Make very secure.
it is very difficult for people to access it.
They LOCKED him IN the room until he
Lock in Lock a place to stop someone leaving.
had calmed down.
Commit someone in such a way that they They are LOCKED IN now that they
Lock in
cannot leave. have paid their subscription.
The missile LOCKED ONTO the plane
Lock onto Find a target and head for it.
and blew it out of the sky.
The management LOCKED the staff
Close a workplace to stop workers
Lock out OUT because they had turned down the
entering.
pay offer.
Lock out Lock a place to stop someone getting in. I lost my key and LOCKED myself OUT.
She LOCKED UP after everyone had left
Lock up Close all doors, windows, etc..
and went home.
Lock up Lock something in a safe place. I LOCKED my money UP in the safe.
Lock up Put in prison or a mental hospital. They LOCKED him UP for burglary.
Lock
Go somewhere away from people to study I LOCK MYSELF AWAY for a few
yourself
or work. weeks before exams.
away
Enter a restricted area on a computer I had forgotten my password and couldn't
Log in
system. LOG IN.
Enter a restricted area of a computer I LOGGED INTO the staff intranet to
Log into
system. check my email.
When she'd finished working on the
Log off Exit a computer system. spreadsheet, she LOGGED OFF and left
the office.
He entered his password for the college
Log on Enter a computer system.
intranet and LOGGED ON.
Danny closed the programs and
Log out Exit a computer system. LOGGED OUT when it was time to go
home.
Their auntie LOOKED AFTER them
Look after Take care.
while their mother was in hospital.
Old people often LOOK BACK on over
Look back Think about the past.
their lives.
Look down Have a low opinion of. He LOOKS DOWN ON his colleagues
because he thinks he's better than they
on
are.
I've been LOOKING FOR all their
Look for Try to find. hidden files, but I can't find them
anywhere.
Look I'm LOOKING FORWARD TO meeting
Wait for or anticipate something pleasant.
forward to you.
Look in Make a quick visit. I'll LOOK IN on my way home.
I'm going to LOOK IN ON grannie on the
Look in on Visit briefly to see if everything's all right. way home tonight as she's been a bit
unwell recently.
We'll LOOK INTO the problem and come
Look into Research, investigate. back to you when we have the
information.
Watch something like a crime without The crowd just LOOKED ON as the old
Look on
helping. lady was mugged.
Look on as Consider, regard. I LOOK ON her AS a close friend.
Look out Be careful. LOOK OUT; you're going to drop that!
Look out Take care of someone, make sure someone She LOOKED OUT FOR her sister when
for is cared for. she started school.
Look out We we told to LOOK OUT FOR any
Keep alert and try to see.
for suspicious behaviour.
They came to LOOK the house OVER
Look over Inspect.
with a view to buying it.
We LOOKED ROUND the house and
Look round Inspect a house. decided that we didn't like it enough to
buy it.
Look
Read quickly. I LOOKED THROUGH the article.
through
The company is LOOKING TO increase
Look to Expect, hope.
its sales in Asia.
Consult a reference work (dictionary,
I didn't know the correct spelling so I had
Look up phonebook, etc.) for a specific piece of
to LOOK it UP in the dictionary.
information..
Look up Improve. The economy is LOOKING UP.
I LOOKED him UP when I went back to
Look up Find, trace an old friend.
Cambridge.
Look up to Respect. She's LOOKS UP TO her mother.
Look upon
Consider, regard. I LOOK UPON him AS a close friend.
as
He was very shy at first but has
Loosen up Become more relaxed or comfortable. LOOSENED UP and is more talkative
now.
She loves to LORD IT OVER her
Lord it over Behave in a superior manner.
employees.
Many people LOST OUT when the new
Lose out Be at a disadvantage.
regulations were enforced.
Because I left the company, I LOST OUT
Lose out on Not gain or have something advantageous.
ON my bonus.
People without IT skills often LOSE
Lose out to Be less successful.
OUT TO those with the skills.
Luck into Get something by chance. We LUCKED INTO getting the answer.
I really LUCKED OUT when I met my
Luck out Be very lucky.
partner.
He secretly LUSTS AFTER his friend’s
Lust after Be attracted sexually.
wife.
Lust after Want something very much. He LUSTS AFTER a Rolex.
He MAGICKED the bill AWAY and paid
Magic away Make something disappear quickly. for us all before I could get my wallet
out.
Make after Chase. The police MADE AFTER the stolen car.
Make away The thieves MADE AWAY WITH the
Steal.
with painting.
Make do Accept something less satisfactory There's no coffee, so we'll have to MAKE
with because there's no alternative. DO WITH tea.
We MADE FOR home when it started
Make for Head in a certain direction.
raining.
The low quality of the service MADE
Make for Produce a result or situation.
FOR a lot of dissatisfaction.
Many churches have been MADE INTO
Make into Change something into something else.
flats in recent years.
I thought you weren't coming, so I was
Make it Arrive or get a result.
really pleased you MADE IT.
Make it up Try to compensate for doing something He tried to MAKE IT UP TO her, but she
to wrong. wouldn't speak to him.
Make of Understand or have an opinion. What do you MAKE OF your new boss?
They MADE OFF when they heard the
Make off Leave somewhere in a hurry.
police siren.
Make off Thieves MADE OFF WITH over a
Steal.
with million dollars in the robbery.
Please MAKE the cheque OUT to RGM
Make out Make a cheque payable to somebody.
Productions Ltd.
He MADE OUT that he was ill so that he
Make out Pretend.
didn't have to go to school.
How are your children MAKING OUT at
Make out Progress.
the new school?
They were MAKING OUT at the party
Make out Kiss and pet.
last night.
I can just MAKE OUT the outline of a
Make out Discern a small detail.
flying saucer in this photo.
Make out Be able to see or hear something. Can you MAKE OUT what she's saying?
Understand someone's nature or
Make out He's strange; I can't MAKE him OUT.
personality.
The beauty salon gave her a
Make over Change appearance.
MAKEOVER before the party.
Give money or possessions to someone in She MADE OVER her property to her
Make over
a legal way. children.
Make
Head in the direction. We MADE TOWARDS the centre.
towards
They are always arguing, but they MAKE
Make up Stop being angry with someone.
UP again very quickly.
She went to the bathroom to MAKE her
Make up Put on cosmetics.
face UP.
Make up Invent a story. They MADE UP an excuse for being late.
I sent her a present to try to MAKE UP
Make up for Compensate.
FOR my appalling behaviour.
The charity collected £24,517.57, and the
Make up to Increase a sum received to a higher figure. anonymous donor MADE the total UP
TO £25,000'
Make with Give (usually used as an imperative). MAKE WITH the money you owe me.
He MANNED DOWN and didn't come
Man down Behave without courage or conviction.
with us.
She told her anonymous critics to MAN
Man up Behave with courage or conviction.
UP and speak publicly.
Students who gave obviously rehearsed
Give a student a lower grade for a answers were MARKED DOWN, while
Mark down
particular reason. those who spoke naturally were rewarded
accordingly.
I'll buy a lot more if you MARK them
Mark down Reduce the price of something.
DOWN a bit.
Mark down Consider someone or something to be of a I MARKED them DOWN AS
as certain group, type, etc.. conservatives, but they're very liberal.
Tick, cross out or otherwise mark
I MARKED OFF the items on the list as I
Mark off something to show that it has been dealt
finished them.
with.
Mark out Draw lines to enclose an area. They MARKED OUT the pitch.
Mark out His dedication MARKED him OUT FOR
Show promise for the future.
for great things.
Mark out Stand out because of certain qualities. Her speed MARKS her OUT FROM the
from rest of the group.
They MARK the goods UP by 25%
Mark up Increase the price of something.
before they sell them.
Marry someone of the same ethnicity, Many religions encourage their followers
Marry in
religion, etc. to MARRY IN.
Marry someone of a different ethnicity, Her parents disowned her and refused to
Marry out
religion, etc. speak to her when she MARRIED OUT.
He MASHED UP some bananas for the
Mash up Crush something until it becomes a paste.
dessert.
Mix sources of audio, video or other She MASHED UP the songs into a single
Mash up
computer sources.. track.
He MASHED UP my MP3 player and
Mash up Break or damage.
lost my files.
Max out Take something to the limit, reach a limit. She MAXED OUT her credit cards.
Measure The work doesn't look good if you
Evaluate or judge by comparison. MEASURE it AGAINST what our
against
competitors have done.
Measure something and mark the point The tailor MEASURED OFF the material
Measure off
where it ends or will be cut. for my suit.
Measure off Mark a length on something to cut it. He MEASURED OFF a metre of the silk.
Measure He MEASURED OUT the flour for the
Measure or weigh the amount needed.
out bread.
Measure She MEASURED OUT a hundred
Weigh or measure an exact amount.
out grammes of the powder.
The estate agent MEASURED UP all the
Measure up Find the size of something.
rooms.
She didn't MEASURE UP in her
Be good enough, meet the required
Measure up probationary period, so we didn't extend
standard.
her contract.
They made her a director, but she didn't
Measure up Be good enough.
MEASURE UP.
Measure up Find out the size of something. They MEASURED UP the room.
Measure up Be good enough or worthy of something. I hope to MEASURE UP TO the
to confidence you have in me.
They MET WITH some problems they
Meet with Have something happen to you.
hadn't anticipated.
Heat something solid, especially metal, They MELTED the gold statue DOWN
Melt down
until it becomes liquid. and turned it into gold bars.
Not be serious, not use something The children were MESSING ABOUT
Mess about
properly. with the TV remote control and broke it.
He is always MESSING me ABOUT and
Mess about Treat someone badly.
never does what he promises.
Have a sexual relationship outside He's not faithful- he's been MESSING
Mess about
marriage or a permanent relationship. ABOUT since they were married.
Mess about Have a sexual relationship outside She's been MESSING ABOUT WITH
with marriage or a permanent relationship. another guy she knows from work.
Mess about Try to improve something, usually making The computer was working fine until he
with things worse. started MESSING ABOUT WITH it.
Mess I was MESSING AROUND on the
Not be serious, play with something. internet because I couldn't be bothered to
around do any work.
Mess She is always MESSING me AROUND
Treat someone badly.
around and never does what she promises.
Mess Have a sexual relationship outside She's not faithful- she's been MESSING
around marriage or a permanent relationship. ABOUT since they got married.
Mess Have a sexual relationship outside He's been MESSING ABOUT WITH a
around with marriage or a permanent relationship. woman he works with.
Mess Try to improve something, usually making The computer was working fine until they
around with things worse. started MESSING ABOUT WITH it.
They MESSED her OVER when she
Mess over Treat someone badly.
applied for the job.
They MESSED UP the discussions and
Mess up Spoil or ruin.
the contract fell through.
They MESSED UP the room and left
Mess up Make something untidy or dirty.
stuff all over the place.
Cause mental, physical or emotional He took a lot of LSD and it really
Mess up
problems. MESSED him UP.
Become involved in something damaging
Mess with He's been MESSING WITH cocaine.
or dangerous.
Don't MESS WITH me or there will be
Mess with Annoy, bother.
trouble.
He's been MESSING WITH some
Mess with Associate (negative).
dangerous people.
Try to repair or improve, usually She's been MESSING WITH it for hours
Mess with
unsuccessfully. and it still doesn't work.
Give people harsh punishments or They METED OUT savage penalties to
Mete out
treatment. anyone who broke the law.
There were a lot of people MILLING
Mill around Walk around without going anywhere.
AROUND waiting for the bus.
It'll be great; you'll be MISSING OUT if
Miss out Not do something enjoyable or rewarding.
you don't come.
Make sure you don't MISS anyone OUT
Miss out Not include.
when you call their names.
Miss out on Lose a chance, fail to achieve. Trudy MISSED OUT ON the promotion.
I always MIX those two sisters UP
Mix up Confuse.
because they look so like each other.
The DJ MIXED UP the night with some
Mix up Make something lively.
hard techno.
Make a model of something to show or They MOCKED UP an example to show
Mock up
test it. us what they would look like.
Moggy off Leave ('moggie off' is also used.). We MOGGIED OFF early.
Monkey The police officer told the drunks to stop
Not be serious. MONKEYING AROUND and go home
around
quietly.
Mooch I MOOCHED ABOUT the whole
Spend time doing little or nothing. afternoon because I didn't feel like
about
working.
Mooch I MOOCHED AROUND the house all
Spend time doing little or nothing.
around day.
He was left to MOP UP the mess after
Mop up Resolve a problem.
they resigned.
Kill or capture the last few enemy soldiers After the battle, it took them a couple of
Mop up
after a victory.. weeks to MOP UP the remaining rebels.
Mop up Eat a sauce with bread to finish it. The sauce was so delicious that I ordered
some bread to MOP it UP.
I used a cloth to MOP UP the coffee I had
Mop up Remove a liquid that has been spilt.
knocked over.
She didn't get the job and has been
Mope about Move around being miserable.
MOPING ABOUT all afternoon.
Mope He's been MOPING AROUND since his
Move around being miserable.
around girlfriend left him.
My debts MOUNTED UP while I was at
Mount up Increase over time.
university.
I always get angry and start MOUTHING
Mouth off Speak angrily about something.
OFF when the news is on TV.
Make progress, often after a pause or The construction can MOVE AHEAD
Move ahead
delay. now that permisson has been granted.
The police told the people watching to
Move along Tell someone to move from a place.
MOVE ALONG.
Develop or progress in a reasonable or The project's MOVING ALONG and
Move along
satisfactory manner. everything should be ready on time.
Leave the area where you have been I MOVED AWAY when the factory shut
Move away
living. down.
Move away Stop doing or using something to change They're MOVING AWAY FROM
from to something different. Windows and are using Linux.
He was finding the course too difficult so
Move down Move a student to a lower level.
they MOVED him DOWN.
The house was empty for ages, but some
Move in Start living in a place. new tenants MOVED IN a few weeks
ago.
As he watched, the hyenas began to
Move in on Approach, often stealthily.
MOVE IN ON the hapless wildebeest.
They MOVED INTO the house as soon
Move into Start living in a place.
as it was ready.
She MOVED ON to another company
Move on Change the subject or your job.
where the salary was considerably better.
The police MOVED the crowd ON
Move on Make people move from a place.
because they were holding up the traffic.
She's tired of living there and is
Move out Leave a place you live or work in.
MOVING OUT.
The president said they would MOVE the
Move out Remove.
troops OUT next year.
Move out Change lane or position to pass a vehicle. I MOVED OUT to overtake the bus.
Move The government are MOVING
Make preparations for something.
towards TOWARDS free elections.
Could you MOVE UP and let me sit
Move up Move to make space.
down?
They MOVED her UP to senior
Move up Move to a higher level.
management.
Muddle If you're ambitious, you cannot
Continue without a clear aim or plan.
along MUDDLE ALONG.
Muddle Do or achieve something without knowing We didn't know what to expect and just
through what is required or having a plan. MUDDLED THROUGH.
Take things that are ordered or sequenced My cleaner MUDDLED UP my books
Muddle up
and mess them up. and I can't find anything.
Mistake a person or thing for someone or
Muddle up
something else because they look similar. I MUDDLE her and her sister UP.
Mug up Study quickly, revise. I have to MUG UP before the exam.
I need to MUG UP ON my history for the
Mug up on Study something quickly, revise.
test.
She said that she'd had to MULL IT
Mull over Think about an issue or problem.
OVER before deciding what was
Become involved in something when your We tried to exclude him of the committee,
Muscle in
involvement is not wanted. but he MUSCLED IN.
Muscle in Become involved in something despite She MUSCLED IN ON the deal even
on opposition to your involvement. though we wanted to do it without her.
They are MUSCLING INTO our market
Become involved even though there is
Muscle into and there is very little we can do to stop
opposition to your involvement.
them.
They used their contacts in local
Use power, contacts, etc, to force someone
Muscle out government to MUSCLE the competitors
out.
OUT.
He was making a fuss, so I told him to
Naff off Get lost, go away (used as imperative).
NAFF OFF.
My boss is always NAGGING AT me
Nag at Repeatedly criticise someone verbally. about my arriving a few minutes late for
work.
They are having trouble NAILING
Nail down Succeed in getting, achieve.
DOWN the contract.
I can't NAIL DOWN what's wrong with
Nail down Understand fully.
their idea, but I'm sure it won't work.
I can't NAIL them DOWN about when
Nail down Get full information from someone.
they're going to finish the project.
I NAILED the job DOWN in the first
Nail down Succeed or achieve something.
interview.
Give someone a name to remember I was NAMED AFTER my uncle who
Name after
another person. died in the war.
I am not sure which university to apply
Narrow Remove less important options to make it
to, but I have NARROWED my list
down easier to choose.
DOWN to three.
I'm going to NERD OUT and not go on
Nerd out Play safe and avoid taking a risk.
the river trip.
I had to NERD OUT when they asked
Nerd out Discuss something in great detail.
about conditionals and deontic modality.
Nip off Go somewhere quickly. I'm NIPPING OFF to get some milk.
She'll be back in a minute- she's just
Nip out Go somewhere quickly.
NIPPED OUT to the shops.
Nod off Fall asleep. I NODDED OFF during the speech.
Nod Pass a law, regulation, etc, without Parliament NODDED the bill
through considering or debating it seriously. THROUGH.
The police are NOSING ABOUT to see if
Nose about Look for something hidden or secret.
they can find anything against the gang.
Nose The boss keeps NOSING AROUND our
Look around for evidence.
around office when we are out at lunch.
Find out, discover- usually information,
Nose out He NOSED OUT their plans.
secrets, etc.
The other candidate NOSED him OUT by
Nose out Narrowly beat someone.
a few votes.
She NOTED DOWN my fax number so
Write something short like a phone
Note down that she could send me the documents
number for future reference..
when she got to the office.
The management and unions had a
Nut out Find an answer to a problem.
meeting to NUT things OUT.
Didn't it OCCUR TO you to help me
Occur to Enter one's mind. when you saw how much trouble I was
in?
She hates to OPEN UP and discuss her
Open up Start to talk freely about something.
feelings.
Open up Open a shop or business for the day. They OPEN UP at seven in the morning.
Before they joined the WTO, they had to
Open up Allow goods into a market.
OPEN UP their markets.
Operate on Perform surgery. She was OPERATED ON for eight hours.
I OPTED FOR an endowment mortgage
Opt for Choose.
and lost a lot of money.
Choose to be part or a member of If you want them to notify you of
Opt in
something. updates, you have to OPT IN.
Choose to be a member or part of
Opt into I OPTED INTO the scheme.
something.
The UK OPTED OUT of a lot of EU
Opt out Choose not to be part of something. legislation on working hours and
conditions.
She OWES her success TO hard work
Owe to Be the reason for something.
and determination.
Nobody OWNED UP to breaking the
Own up Confess.
window.
I PACKED AWAY the suitcases in the
Pack away Put something where it belongs.
loft after we had emptied them.
Pack in Stop doing something. I'm trying to PACK IN smoking.
Pack in End a relationship. She PACKED her boyfriend IN.
They really PACK them IN at the club- it
Pack in Fill a venue. was so crowded it was impossible to
move.
Pack in Break down, stop working. The photocopier has PACKED IN again.
Stop doing something (used as an The kids were making a fuss, so I told
Pack it in
imperative). them to PACK IT IN.
His boss PACKED him OFF to a regional
Pack off Send someone away.
office.
Pack out Fill a venue. The stadium was PACKED OUT.
Pack up Stop doing something. You should PACK UP smoking.
We had nothing left to do, so we
Pack up Finish work.
PACKED UP early.
My printer PACKED UP last night- I'll
Pack up Break down, stop working.
have to get a new one.
Collect things and put them where you At the end of the presentation, I PACKED
Pack up
keep them. UP my laptop.
I'm too tired to come home; can I PAD
Pad down Sleep somewhere for the night.
DOWN here tonight?
Make a text longer by including extra I couldn't think of much to write, so I
Pad out content, often content that isn't particularly PADDED the essay OUT with a few
relevant. lengthy quotes.
They PAIRED OFF shortly after starting
Pair off Begin a romantic relationship.
university.
Introduce people, hoping they will start a
Pair off I tried to PAIR him OFF with my sister.
relationship.
The class PAIRED OFF to practise the
Pair off Form pairs.
exam interviews.
Pair off
Form a pair with someone. I PAIRED OFF WITH Trish for the test.
with
Pair up Form a pair. We PAIRED UP for the last activity
We used to PAL ABOUT when we were
Pal about Be friendly and spend time with someone.
at school.
Pal around Be friendly and spend time with someone. We PALLED AROUND at university.
We PALLED UP when I started working
Pal up Become friends.
with her.
Get someone to accept something that isn't He tried to PALM me OFF with a
Palm off
true. pathetic excuse.
Pretend something is better than it is in He tried to PALM his computer OFF as
Palm off
order to sell it. the latest model.
I don't know how things will PAN OUT
Pan out The way a situation develops.
now the company's been taken over.
The government tried to PAPER OVER
Try to conceal a problem without really
Paper over the problems in the proposal, but the
fixing it.
press were very critical.
They have had to PARE BACK the
If you pare something back, you reduce
Pare back services they offer as their funding was
the size or numbers..
reduced.
They have PARED DOWN the number of
Pare down Reduce, decrease. employees as they haven't been doing
well.
Give something away, especially when I found it very hard to PART WITH my
Part with
you don't want to. old CDs when I digitized my collection.
Pass around Give out to everybody there. The teacher PASSED the handout
AROUND.
Although not qualified, he managed to
Pass as Be believed to be something.
PASS AS a doctor for years.
Sadly, Georgia's uncle PASSED AWAY
Pass away Die.
yesterday after a short illness.
I felt awful when the teacher started to
Pass back Return.
PASS BACK the exam papers.
I was just PASSING BY when I saw the
Pass by Go past without stopping.
accident.
I was PASSING BY her house the other
Pass by Visit briefly.
day when I heard about it.
The chance for promotion PASSED me
Pass by Miss an opportunity.
BY.
The tales were PASSED DOWN for
Transmit information or give property to
Pass down centuries without changing ay of the
younger generations.
words.
Be accepted as something, usually when You'd be surprised at what PASSES FOR
Pass for
not. good cooking in many restaurants.
Convince something that something is I managed to PASS OFF the fake money
Pass off
real. in the market.
The demonstration PASSED OFF
Pass off Happen in a certain way.
peacefully.
I'll PASS the message ON when she gets
Pass on Give a message to someone.
here.
I think I'll PASS ON dinner tonight- I'm
Pass on Decline an invitation or opportunity.
not hungry.
Pass on Die. Her husband PASSED ON last year.
Let's PASS ON TO the next item on the
Pass on to Change topic or subject.
agenda.
Pass out Faint, lose consciousness. He got so drunk that he PASSED OUT.
The protesters PASSED OUT leaflets to
Pass out Distribute.
the growing crowd.
Ignore someone and give a job, reward, They PASSED him OVER and made his
Pass over
etc, to someone more junior. assistant the new director.
Let's PASS OVER what they said and get
Pass over Ignore, refuse to discuss.
on.
They PASSED ROUND copies of the
Pass round Distribute, give to people present.
handbook.
Pass Visit a place without stopping or only I didn't see much as I was only PASSING
through stopping briefly. THROUGH the town.
Give ownership or responsibility to The shares PASSED TO his daughter
Pass to
someone. when he died.
Become owner of or responsible for The property will PASS TO her when
Pass to
something. they die.
She PASSED UP the opportunity to go to
Pass up Decline a chance. university because she'd been offered a
job.
The police PATTED them DOWN for
Pat down Search or frisk someone.
weapons but found nothing.
Patch Create or assemble something quickly They PATCHED TOGETHER a coalition
together without much planning. after the election.
I tried to PATCH things UP after the
Patch up Fix or make things better.
argument, but they wouldn't speak to me.
Give an injured person basic medical After the accident, they PATCHED her
Patch up
treatment. UP and sent her to hospital.
I PAID BACK the twenty pounds I'd
Pay back Repay money borrowed.
borrowed.
I'm going to PAY him BACK for that
Pay back Take revenge on.
insult.
The British government can't PAY
Pay down Pay a debt over time.
DOWN the national debt.
Pay for Purchase. I PAID twenty pounds FOR the book.
Pay into Deposit money. I PAID the cash INTO my account.
The mortgage will be PAID OFF in
Pay off Completely repay a debt.
twenty-five years.
Their patience PAID OFF when he finally
Pay off Produce a profitable or successful result.
showed up and signed the contract.
The food wasn't very nice, so I PECKED
Peck at Eat very small amounts.
AT it to look polite.
Leave a group by moving in a different Some of the crowd PEELED AWAY to
Peel away
direction. get out of the crush.
Peel away Leave a group by moving in a different They PEELED AWAY FROM the crowd
from direction. and went down a side road.
When the police blocked the road, a few
Leave a group by moving in a different
Peel off protesters PEELED OFF and left the
direction.
march.
Peel off Leave a group by moving in a different They PEELED OFF FROM the
from direction. demonstration when the police arrived.
Fearing the police, he PEELED OUT in a
Peel out Accelerate rapidly from stationary.
cloud of tire smoke.
I PEGGED AWAY for weeks before my
Peg away Keep working at something.
exams.
We PEGGED the tent DOWN to stop the
Peg down Fasten something to the ground.
wind blowing it about.
After a long illness, she finally PEGGED
Peg it Die.
IT yesterday.
I PEGGED the washing OUT after it
Peg out Put washing outside to dry.
stopped raining.
He PEGGED OUT last night from a heart
Peg out Die.
attack.
I'll PENCIL Thursday night IN, but if
Pencil in Make a provisional appointment.
anything comes up, give me a ring..
Pep up Make something more interesting. You need to PEP your writing UP.
Pep up Make someone more enthusiastic, Her talk PEPPED us UP.
energetic or interested.
She was ill in bed with flu, but she
Feel better or happier, make someone feel
Perk up PERKED UP a bit when some friends
better or happier.
dropped by.
Everyone was keen at first, but the
Peter out Lose impetus and stop. enthusiasm PETERED OUT when they
saw how long it would take.
They are PHASING IN the reforms over
Phase in Introduce gradually.
the next two years.
They have introduced a compact edition
of the newspaper and are PHASING OUT
Phase out Remove gradually.
the broadsheet edition over the next few
months.
I wasn't very hungry so I just PICKED
Pick at Eat unwillingly.
AT my food.
There were a few problems that could be
Pick at Criticise.
PICKED AT, but it was generally good.
There were many rebels against the
Pick off Target individuals to change a group. policy, but the government PICKED OFF
the leaders.
Bother, annoy, criticize or make fun of My friends always PICK ON me because
Pick on
someone. I don't sing well.
She PICKED OUT the ones she wanted
Pick out Choose.
to take and left the rest.
The victim couldn't PICK OUT her
Pick out Identify from a picture. attacker from the photos the police
showed her.
Pick Search something that is disordered for The police have been PICKING
through something. THROUGH the wreckage for clues.
Sales PICKED UP a bit during the
Pick up Improve.
Christmas period.
Pick up Learn quickly. She PICKED UP Spanish in six months.
While you're in town, can you PICK UP
Pick up Collect.
my trousers from the Dry Cleaner?
When we rent a holiday cottage in
Pick up Receive (a broadcast).
Cornwall, we can't PICK UP Channel 5.
Collect (a person). This differs from the
i) Can you PICK me UP and take me to
'collect a thing' meaning - as that means
The George when you go to the party?ii)
'collect and bring back' whereas this
Pick up Can you PICK UP some friends of mine
means either (i) 'collect and drop off on
on your way to the party? They're going
your way' or (ii) 'collect and bring to the
too.
same destination'..
Pick up I always have to PICK UP AFTER him
Tidy a mess someone else has made. because he leaves things all over the
after
office.
Correct someone when they say something My teacher PICKS UP ON any mistake I
Pick up on
wrong. make and corrects me.
Pick up on Notice something that most people don't. He's very quick to PICK UP ON new
trends.
The government has PICKED UP ON the
Pick up on React to something.
reports in the media.
Comment on something said earlier in a I'd like to PICK UP ON the point that Jill
Pick up on
conversation. made.
Pick It took him a long time to PICK
Recover from a fall or problem.
yourself up HIMSELF UP after his wife left him.
Used to tell someone to get lost or leave He told them to PIG OFF and leave him
Pig off
you alone. in peace.
The food was great, so I really PIGGED
Pig out Eat a lot.
OUT.
Enter a place quickly, in a disorganised
Pile in The coach stopped and we all PILED IN.
way.
Enter a place quickly, in a disorganised We PILED INTO the shop when it
Pile into
way. opened.
Work's crazy- they keep PILING ON the
Pile on Add or give more or something.
pressure.
Exaggerate or talk in a way to affect It wasn't very serious, but they PILED
Pile on
someone's feelings. ON the guilt.
Leave a place quickly, in a disorganised The train eventually arrived and we all
Pile out
way. PILED OUT.
Work just keeps on PILING UP and I
Pile up Accumulate.
really can't manage to get it all done.
The ironing's PILING UP as I hate doing
Pile up Accumulate in a pile or heap.
it.
I've asked him to set a date, but he's a
Get a fixed idea, opinion, etc, from
Pin down hard man to PIN DOWN and won't give a
someone..
definite answer.
The government can't PIN DOWN where
Pin down Discover exact details about something.
the leak came from.
The police tried to PIN the crime ON
Pin on Attach the blame to someone.
him.
Fix something to a wall, or other vertical
Pin up I PINNED the notice UP on the board
surface, with a pin.
Suffer physically because of grief, stress, He's been PINING AWAY since his wife
Pine away
worry, etc. died and is a shadow of his former self.
The lecturer asked the students to PIPE
Pipe down Be quiet (often as an imperative).
DOWN and pay attention.
At first, no one answered, then finally
Pipe up To speak, raise your voice.
someone PIPED UP.
The war PITTED neighbour AGAINST
Pit against Compete or force to compete.
neighbour.
Pit out Go into the pits (car racing). He PITTED OUT in the twentieth lap.
Try to persuade someone to give your He PITCHED FOR the job, but they gave
Pitch for
work, business, a job, etc. it to someone else.
Work together to help achieve an We were behind schedule, but the others
Pitch in
objective. PITCHED IN and we got it done in time.
The shareholders PITCHED INTO the
Pitch into Criticise severely or attack someone. management about their pay rises at the
meeting.
Put a young plant that has been grown in a They need to be PLANTED OUT in the
Plant out
pot or greenhouse into the ground. spring.
Plate up Put food onto a plate to serve. PLATE UP and drizzle with salsa verde.
Pretend to agree or accept something in I disagreed with the idea but I had to
Play along order to keep someone happy or to get PLAY ALONG because everyone else
more information. liked it.
The children were PLAYING AROUND
Play around Be silly.
and being annoying.
Play around Be sexually promiscuous or unfaithful. I PLAYED AROUND a lot at college.
He just PLAYS AT being a lawyer- he
Play at Pretend to be something.
never wins a case.
Be sexually unfaithful when away from He travels abroad a lot and his wife
Play away
home. thinks he PLAYS AWAY.
Listen to or watch something you've We PLAYED the recording BACK to see
Play back
recorded. if it was OK.
Try to make something seem less The Government has tried to PLAY
Play down DOWN the importance of the minister's
important.
resignation.
As both teams had the same points, they
Play off Play a game to decide who the winner is.
PLAYED OFF to decide the winner.
Make people compete against each other He PLAYED them OFF against each
Play off
so that you benefit. other to get the best deal.
Continue playing a sport though there It looked like a foul, but the referee told
Play on
might be a reason to stop. them to PLAY ON.
Play on Continue playing music. The band PLAYED ON for another hour.
They are just PLAYING ON our fears to
Play on Exploit a weakness.
get us to do what they want.
Play on Pun. The advert PLAYS ON the slogan
Play out Progress, often till it finishes. Let's see how things PLAY OUT.
Pretend that something is real and reduce Computer games allow people to PLAY
Play out
its effect. OUT their violent urges.
Rain stopped them PLAYING the game
Play out Play something to the end.
OUT.
When he hooked the swordfish, his line
Play out Unwind (e.g., fishing line).
rapidly PLAYED OUT.
The children PLAYED UP all evening
Play up Behave badly.
and drove the babysitter mad.
I'm PLAYING UP TO my boss at the
Play up to Flatter someone.
moment because I want the promotion.
He's got a reputation for being trouble
Play up to Behave in a way expected.
and PLAYS UP TO it.
They are PLAYING UPON people's
Play upon Exploit a weakness.
concerns to get their way.
Touch and move something to occupy
Play with He can't stop PLAYING WITH his beard.
your hands.
I wasn't hungry, so I just PLAYED WITH
Play with Not eat much of a meal.
the food.
We PLAYED WITH the idea, but decided
Play with Consider something, but not seriously.
against it.
Plead guilty to get a reduced sentence or The CEO PLEADED OUT and blamed
Plead out
fine. the CFO for the fraud.
Re-invest money you have made into a We PLOUGHED BACK all the profits to
Plough back
business. grow the company.
The bus skidded and PLOUGHED INTO
Plough into Collide into at speed.
the bus stop.
Continue doing something you don't want It was really boring, but we PLOUGHED
Plough on
to. ON.
Plough We PLOUGHED THROUGH all seven
Eat a big meal.
through courses.
Plough Read something that is difficult or takes a It took me ages to PLOUGH THROUGH
through lot of time. 'Ulysses'.
Plough Move through somewhere where there is The boat had to PLOUGH THROUGH
through little space or there are obstacles. the ice.
The tractor PLOUGHED UP the field so
Plough up Break the surface of soil.
they could sow the seed.
Re-invest money you have made into a We PLOWED BACK all the profits to
Plow back
business. grow the company.
The bus skidded and PLOWED INTO the
Plow into Collide into at speed.
bus stop.
Continue doing something you don't want
Plow on It was really boring, but we PLOWD ON.
to.
Plow We PLOWED THROUGH all eight
Eat a big meal.
through courses.
Plow Read something that is difficult or takes a It takes me ages to PLOW THROUGH
through lot of time. any of Henry James' novels.
Plow Move through somewhere where there is The police car had to PLOW THROUGH
through little space or there are obstacles. the crowd.
The tractor PLOWED UP the field so
Plow up Break the surface of soil.
they could sow the crop
He was PLUCKING AT his cuffs during
Pluck at Pull or fiddle with something nervously.
the interview.
They PLUCKED UP the courage to
Pluck up Muster, acquire, gather.
complain.
He PLUGGED the TV IN and turned it
Plug in Connect machines to the electricity supply.
on full blast.
Plump Put something in a place without taking He PLUMPED his bag DOWN and
down care. kicked his shoes off.
Plump for Choose. I PLUMPED FOR the steak frites.
Make something like a cushion bigger and I PLUMPED UP the pillow and lay
Plump up
softer by shaking it. down.
Plump She PLUMPED HERSELF DOWN next
yourself Sit down heavily. to me and started asking me what had
down happened.
He POINTED OUT that I only had two
Point out Make someone aware of something.
weeks to get the whole thing finished.
Move things around or search in a casual I POKED ABOUT in my CD collection
Poke about
way to try to find something. to see if I could find it.
Poke Move things around or search in a casual I POKED AROUND in my desk to see if
around way to try to find something. the letter was there.
She POLISHES OFF half a bottle of gin
Polish off Finish, consume.
every night.
I need to POLISH UP my French before I
Polish up Improve something quickly.
go to Paris.
I had to PONY fifty dollars UP for the
Pony up Pay for something.
meal.
I was going to write my essay, but I
Poop out Get too tired to do something.
POOPED OUT and went to bed instead.
We were supposed to meet yesterday, but
Poop out on Fail to keep an appointment. she POOPED OUT ON me at the last
minute.
We were POOTLING ALONG at thirty
Pootle along Travel in a leisurely way.
miles an hour.
He POPPED IN for a coffee on his way
Pop in Visit for a short time.
home.
He's always POPPING OFF when things
Pop off Talk loudly, complain.
don't suit him.
He's just POPPED OFF for a break but
Pop off Go out for a short time.
should be back in a few minutes.
I'm just POPPING OUT to the shops. Do
Pop out Go out for a short time.
you need anything while I'm out?
Appear, like windows and boxes opening The dialogue box POPPED UP up when I
Pop up
on a computer screen.. pressed Enter.
I'm going to have to work late tonight
Pop up Appear unexpectedly.
because something has POPPED UP.
She PORED OVER the report looking for
Pore over Read, look at or study carefully.
mistakes.
Potter On Saturday mornings, I POTTER
Spend time doing little things for pleasure.
about ABOUT the garden if the weather's fine.
Potter Spend some time doing little things for I POTTERED AROUND, sorting out my
around pleasure. CDS and a few other things.
It POURED DOWN all day so we had to
Pour down Rain hard.
remain indoors.
Useless statistics POUR FORTH from
Pour forth Emerge from a place in large numbers.
him.
Cut the electricity supply to a computer or I POWERED DOWN my computer and
Power down
electronic device. went for lunch.
Cut the electricity to a computer or device You mustn't POWER it OFF while it is
Power off
to turn it off. updating.
Turn a computer or electronic device on so I POWERED UP my laptop and started
Power up
that it is ready to use. work.
Geoff just PRATTLED ON instead of
Prattle on Talk too much.
giving a straight answer.
They PRESSED AHEAD with the
Press ahead Continue with something.
elections despite the violence.
Apply pressure to get permission or to The workers are PRESSING FOR better
Press for
obtain something. pay and conditions.
Press
Continue or go ahead with a project, The government are PRESSING
forward
process, plan, etc. FORWARD WITH the new law.
with
When the line was breached, reserve
Press into Bring or force into use.
troops were PRESSED INTO service.
We PRESSED ON to get to our
Press on Continue with something.
destination before night fell.
Pressure someone to accept something The invitations were PRESSED UPON us
Press upon
offered. and it was hard to say no.
Prey on Catch and kill an animal for food. Spiders PREY ON insects.
Prey on Exploit or harm. They PREY ON older people.
Prey upon Catch and kill an animal for food. Cats PREY UPON birds and mice.
They PREY UPON people's fears about
Prey upon Exploit or harm.
immigration.
Include the affects of possible future
Speculators have PRICED IN the risk of
Price in events when assessing the value of
a war breaking out.
something.
In rural areas where they have a
Price up Charge more for something. monopoly, some garages PRICE UP fuel
because there's nowhere else to buy it.
Make a hard copy of a computer He PRINTED OUT the letter and
Print out
document. checked through it carefully.
Support something, both physically and The council have PROPPED UP the
Prop up
financially, politically, etc.. museum for years with grants.
Work out or anticipate someone's We have to try to PSYCH OUT our
Psych out
intentions. rivals.
Boxers try to PSYCH their opponents
Psych out Make someone less confident. OUT before the fight to gain an
advantage.
Psych up Prepare someone mentally. I PSYCHED myself UP for the exam.
Move your lips into position to receive a She PUCKERED UP when he leant
Pucker up
kiss. forwards to kiss her.
The lorry was going slowly but we
Pull ahead Overtake, move in front.
managed to PULL AHEAD.
Pull apart Destroy an argument, theory, etc. My tutor PULLED my essay APART.
A fight broke out in the pub and it was
Pull apart Stop people or animals fighting. hard to PULL the people involved
APART.
Pull apart Make someone unhappy or upset. It PULLED me APART to see them
arguing so much.
The car PULLED AWAY from the lights
Pull away When a vehicle moves from a place.
at high speed.
They were two-nil down until five
Pull back Score a goal or point when losing. minutes before the end, when they
PULLED BACK a goal.
Move away from a place, especially when They have PULLED the troops BACK
Pull back
talking about soldiers. from the front line.
She PULLED BACK when he tried to
Pull back Move away from someone.
kiss her.
Decide not to do something or not to be
Pull back They PULLED BACK from the deal.
involved with it any longer.
They PULLED the old cinema DOWN to
Pull down Demolish.
build a new shopping mall.
Pull down Make someone depressed. Losing her job PULLED her DOWN.
Pull down Earn. He's PULLING DOWN a fortune.
Who will you be PULLING FOR in the
Pull for Support.
final?
The train PULLED IN and we rushed to
Pull in When a train arrives at a station.
meet her as she got off.
Their last tour PULLED IN millions of
Pull in Attract.
fans.
Pull in Stop a car by the side of the road. I PULLED IN to let the passengers out.
Areest or take someone to a police station The police PULLED them IN after the
Pull in
for questioning. trouble.
No-one thought that she would be able to
Pull off Manage to do something difficult or tricky.
do it, but she PULLED it OFF in the end.
When the lights turned green, the car
Pull off Start moving (vehicles).
PULLED OFF.
I PULLED ON a jumper when the sun
Pull on Put clothes on.
went in.
The train was PULLING OUT when I got
Pull out Start moving (train).
there.
The traffic was so bad that it took me
Pull out Move into traffic.
ages to PULL OUT.
The project was going badly and they
Pull out Withdraw.
decided to PULL OUT
People want the government to PULL the
Pull out Remove soldiers from an area.
troops OUT.
Pull over Stop by the side of the road. The police PULLED the car OVER
The police PULLED the car OVER and
Pull over Make a vehicle stop.
tested the driver for alcohol.
Pull At one stage it looked as if she was going
Recover from and illness or problem. to die, but she PULLED THROUGH in
through
the end.
Close a door or window that has been left
Pull to Could you PULL the door TO, please?
open.
Pull If we all PULL TOGETHER, we'll have it
Work together as a team.
together finished in no time.
The cab PULLED UP outside my house
Pull up Slow and stop a car.
and I got out.
He PULLED me UP because I had got
Pull up Inform someone that they are wrong.
my facts wrong.
Pull
Become calm or regain control of your He was so angry that he couldn't PULL
yourself
emotions. HIMSELF TOGETHER.
together
She just PUSHED IN the queue in front
Push in Get in a queue without waiting.
of me at the supermarket checkout.
He found it difficult to PUT ACROSS
Put across Communicate, convey a message.
what he wanted to say at the meeting.
He PUT the dictionary BACK on the
Put away Put something back in the correct place.
shelf after he'd finished the crossword.
The judge PUT him AWAY for ten years
Put away Put someone in prison.
for robbery.
The AGM has been PUT BACK until
Put back Rearrange something for a later time.
July the seventeenth.
I try to PUT some money BY every
Put by Save for the future.
month towards our summer holiday.
He had his dog PUT DOWN because it
Put down Kill an animal because it's old, ill, etc..
was in a lot of pain from its tumours.
Stop holding (but withdraw support PUT the gun DOWN slowly and keep
Put down
gently). your hands where I can see them.
Put down
Commit to make a payment. PUT me DOWN FOR 50p per mile.
for
He didn't score many, but we can PUT
Put down to Give as an explanation.
that DOWN TO inexperience
They had to PUT IN a whole new central
Put in Install. heating system because the house was so
cold.
He PUT IN FOR a transfer to the new
Put in for Make a request.
branch.
The concert's been PUT OFF until next
Put off Postpone. month because the singer's got a throat
infection.
I was really PUT OFF by the way he eats
Put off Stop liking something or somebody.
with his mouth open.
He's PUT ON a lot of weight since he
Put on Get fat.
gave up smoking.
Put on Deceive, lie. I am not PUTTING you ON.
Put on Start wearing. I PUT my coat ON before we went out.
Several charities PUT OUT an appeal on
Put out Broadcast. TV for money for the victims of the
flooding in Mozambique.
Would it be PUTTING you OUT greatly
Put out Disturb or trouble someone.
if I asked to change to another day.
He PUT OUT his cigarette before
Put out Extinguish a cigarette, fire, etc..
entering the building.
They PUT OVER a clever practical joke
Put over Successfully execute (a scam, trick, etc.).
on us.
Could you PUT me THROUGH to
Put through Connect someone by phone.
extension 259 please.
She PUT $250 TOWARDS the cost of the
Put towards Make a financial contribution.
repairs and we had to pay the rest.
She PUT me UP for the night because I'd
Allow someone to stay at your house for a
Put up missed the last bus and there were no
night or a few days..
night buses running.
The government has PUT tuition fees for
Put up Increase prices, taxes, duties, etc..
undergraduate students UP again.
Show skill or determination in a contest,
Put up They PUT UP a great fight but lost.
competition, fight, etc.
Put up to Encourage someone to do something. His friends PUT him UP TO stealing it.
I can't PUT UP WITH my neighbour's
Put up with Tolerate.
noise any longer; it's driving me mad.
Argue with someone about a specific The girl's mother was QUARRELING
Quarrel out
subject. OUT with her daughter about the party.
Quarrel I am not QUARRELLING WITH their
Dispute or disagree with something. idea, but I think there are other
with
possibilities.
Queer up Mess up, ruin. I QUEERED the exam UP.
The audience QUIETENED DOWN
Quieten when the lights were switched off in the
Fall silent.
down auditorium and the play was ready to
begin.
Stop working, associating or being friends
They QUIT ON me just when things got
Quit on with someone, especially when they need
rough.
support.
My phone has QUIT ON me- can I
Quit on Stop working or functioning.
borrow yours?
They RACED OFF when the police
Race off Hurry away, leave somewhere quickly.
arrived.
Used to tell someone to go away because
Rack off He told her to RACK OFF.
they're annoying you.
Rack out Sleep, take a nap. I'm tired- I'm going to RACK OUT.
He's RACKED UP a number of
Rack up Acquire a lot of something.
convictions for speeding.
They RACKED UP the car in an
Rack up Damage.
accident.
Rain down Bombs RAINED DOWN ON the city all
Fall in large numbers.
on night.
Be postponed or stopped by rain (usually
Rain off The match was RAINED OFF.
passive).
Be postponed or stopped by rain (usually
Rain out The game was RAINED OUT.
passive).
Rake in Earn, make money easily. She's RAKING IN thousands a day.
It's the only shop in the area and they're
Rake it in Make a lot of money.
RAKING IT IN.
Cheat someone by charging them too
Rake off They RAKE tourists OFF all the time.
much.
Talk, think, etc, about something negative They keep RAKING OVER the rows we
Rake over
in the past. had last year.
Bring something back to people's The press have RAKED UP some
Rake up
attention. scandals from her past.
Quit RAMBLING ON- I’m tired of
Ramble on Talk at length without getting to the point.
listening to you.
Increase price, speed or power of The company has RAMPED its prices UP
Ramp up
something. because of higher oil prices.
Rap out Say something firmly and loudly. She RAPPED OUT the command.
She RATTED ON her neighbours to the
Inform authorities about someone's
Rat on police because they were smuggling
wrongdoings.
alcohol from France.
Rat on Fail to keep a promise. He always RATS ON his promises.
Rat out Inform the authorities about someone. He RATTED me OUT to the police.
I RATTED THROUGH the papers on my
Rat through Look for something hurriedly.
desk but couldn't find the letter.
The media are trying to RATCHET UP
Ratchet up Increase.
the pressure on the president.
She RATTLED OFF loads of statistics
Rattle off Quote figures rapidly.
which nobody could understand.
Reach out Stretch your arm to get something. I REACHED OUT and caught the ball.
Reach out They are REACHING OUT FOR major
Try to achieve something difficult.
for economic reforms.
Reach out I REACHED OUT TO you when I was in
Ask for help.
to trouble and you were a great help.
Reach out Charities are REACHING OUT TO those
Offer help.
to who lost their homes in the floods.
Reach out Try to communicate and establish good The candidates are REACHING OUT TO
to relations with people. the poor to get their votes.
Read a list aloud for someone to write I READ OFF the figures and she wrote
Read off
down. them down in her notebook.
The teacher READ OUT the names of the
Read out Read aloud rather than silently.
students who'd passed.
I've been READING UP ON Japan as I'm
Read up on Research.
going to live there next year.
Come to a conclusion or solution after He REASONED OUT the answer to the
Reason out
some thought. math problem.
Jeff says we can RECKON ON there
Reckon on The minimum expected.
being at least fifty people there tonight.
Catch a fish on a line and pull the line to
Reel in He REELED IN a ten-pound salmon.
land.
Reel in Attract people, especially customers, to They hope the discounts will REEL
get them to do what you want them to. people IN.
The minister REELED OFF a load of
Reel off Quote statistics or facts rapidly.
figures to support her position.
Score a lot of points or win a lot of games They REELED OFF five victories and
Reel off
one after the other. became the champions.
I REELED OUT the hose and watered the
Reel out Unwind.
lawn.
Control someone or something to stop They had to REIN the minister IN after
Rein in
them causing more trouble. her dreadful performance on TV.
Let, grant a service or allow usage for a They RENTED their house OUT while
Rent out
fee. the were abroad.
She got on her motorbike and RODE
Ride off Go away on a bike, horse, etc.
OFF.
His reputation is RIDING ON this deal
Ride on Depend on.
working out.
They managed to RIDE OUT the
Ride out Survive a difficult time.
recession.
Ride up Move higher on the body (of clothes). Her skirt RODE UP when she sat down.
I phoned and left a message this morning
Ring back Return a phonecall.
but she still hasn't RUNG me BACK.
Telephone to inform or confirm I RANG IN and told them I would be
Ring in
something. late.
Dave RANG OFF guiltily when he saw
Ring off Finish a phone conversation.
his boss coming.
Two shots RANG OUT and then we
Ring out Make a sudden loud sound.
heard a scream.
Telephone a number of people, usually to I RANG ROUND to see if anyone knew
Ring round
try to get some information. where she'd gone.
Ring up Telephone. Helen RANG me UP earlier.
Ring up Achieve an amount or number. They RANG UP several victories.
Ring up Enter figures into a till or cash register. They RANG UP the bill for the groceries.
Ring with When a place is full of a loud sound. The room RANG WITH their laughter.
Charge excessively or obtain money Tourists get RIPPED OFF a lot when they
Rip off
unfairly. don't speak the language.
The army ROLLED BACK when they
Roll back Retreat.
came under attack.
The government want to ROLL BACK
Roll back Reduce or remove.
the freedom of the press.
Roll by Pass (time). The years ROLLED BY.
They ROLLED IN very drunk at three
Roll in Arrive somewhere, especially if late.
o'clock in the morning.
Arrive in large numbers, for military The tanks ROLLED IN and took control
Roll in
vehicles. of the capital city.
The competition ROLLED ON despite
Roll on When something continues to happen.
the administrative problems.
Said when you can't wait for something
Roll on! Roll on Friday! It's been a dreadful week.
nice in the future.
Launch or introduce a new product, The company ROLLED OUT its takeover
Roll out
initiative, etc.. plans last week.
Thousands ROLLED UP to see the stars
Roll up To appear in large numbers for an event.
at the film premiere.
An imperative used to attract people to a
Roll up! Roll up! Come and see the circus tonight.
public event.
In the first race, the favourite ROMPED
Romp in Win easily.
IN.
Romp We ROMPED THROUGH the tasks
Do something easily or quickly.
through because they were so simple.
Nowadays, most hospitals have a policy
To keep a mother and baby together after
Room in of ROOMING IN mothers and their
the birth.
babies.
He ROOTED ABOUT in his briefcase,
Root about Look in a place to try to find something.
trying to find a pen.
Root I ROOTED AROUND my flat trying to
Look in a place to try to find something.
around find the letter.
Everyone was ROOTING FOR Arsenal
Root for Support.
to win the Champions League.
Root out Look for and find. The police ROOTED OUT the informer.
Find the source of a problem and remove They are trying to ROOT OUT the
Root out
it. troublemakers.
He ROOTED UP the plants and replanted
Root up Dig a plant out of the ground.
them.
The teacher ROPED her students IN to
Rope in Get somebody to help. carry her stuff when she had to change
classroom.
Get someone to help or become involved, I got ROPED INTO helping them set the
Rope into
usually when they don't want to. stall up.
Extend ropes or barriers across or around The celebrity entrance was ROPED OFF
Rope off
an area. from the general public.
The mugger ROUGHED him UP when
Rough up Assault.
he refused to hand his wallet over.
Winning the FA Cup ROUNDED OFF a
Round off Finish something in a satisfactory manner.
wonderful season for Arsenal.
The prime minister refused to ROW
Row back Retreat from a position.
BACK and lost the vote.
They're not friends, but we RUB
Rub along Have a reasonably good relationship.
ALONG.
She RUBBED the horse DOWN with a
Rub down Dry or clean something with a cloth.
towel after riding it.
Massage or rub someone to help them The trainer RUBBED her DOWN after
Rub down
relax. the race.
Apply a substance like cream or ointment He applied the steroid cream and
Rub in
and rub it until it is absorbed. RUBBED it IN.
Emphasise how bad a situation is to make Even though the minister had resigned,
Rub it in the press RUBBED IT IN by publishing
someone feel worse.
more details of the scandal.
His enthusiasm RUBS OFF ON everyone
Rub off on Pass a quality or characteristic to people.
around him.
He RUBBED OUT the figure and wrote
Rub out Delete ink or pencil with an eraser.
the correct one in.
The gangsters RUBBED him OUT for
Rub out Kill.
stealing from them.
Rub up The cat RUBBED UP AGAINST my leg
Touch someone in a sensual or sexual way.
against purring.
I need to RUB UP ON my Portuguese
Rub up on Revise.
before I go to Brazil.
The police have RULED OUT suicide
Rule out Exclude a possibility.
and are treating it as a case of murder.
I RAN ACROSS an old friend in the
Run across Meet or find accidentally.
library.
The police RAN AFTER the guy who'd
Run after Chase, pursue.
stolen it, but he was too fast for them.
Try to become romantically involved with He was RUNNING AFTER her for ages
Run after
someone. never managed to get a date.
Opinion is RUNNING AGAINST his
Run against Oppose, make difficulties.
policies and he has very little support.
They kept disturbing him, so he told them
Run along Go away, leave (often as an imperative).
to RUN ALONG and leave him in peace.
I'm exhausted- I've been RUNNING
Run around Be very busy doing many things.
AROUND all day.
Run away Escape from people chasing you. He RAN AWAY from his attackers.
Leave home because of problems with She RAN AWAY to avoid a forced
Run away
other family members or to elope. marriage.
The minicab RAN him DOWN on the
Run down Hit a pedestrian with a vehicle.
zebra crossing.
You should only recharge the battery
Run down Lose energy or power.
when it has fully RUN DOWN.
They're always RUNNING me DOWN
Run down Criticise, disparage.
and I am sick and tired of it.
The police RAN DOWN all the leads
Run down Find the source or origin of something.
they had and caught them.
She's thinking about RUNNING FOR the
Run for Campaign for a position.
presidency.
Arrest, take to police station for
Run in They RAN him IN last night.
questioning.
Drive a new car carefully in order not to
Run in She RAN the car IN for a thousand miles.
damage the engine.
Run in Pay a casual visit. We RAN IN and chatted for an hour.
Run in Insert. He RAN a graph IN next to the text.
The project has RUN INTO millions of
Run into Cost. dollars without any prospect of a return
on this investment.
I RAN INTO James in a bar in the City
Run into Meet by accident.
on Friday.
Could you RUN OFF two hundred copies
Run off Make photocopies.
of this report, please.
Run on Be powered by. The van RUNS ON diesel.
We've RUN OUT OF sugar; I'm going to
Run out of Have none left.
the shops for some.
Could you RUN OVER that point again;
Run over Explain quickly.
I'm afraid I didn't quite understand it.
The driver couldn't stop in time and RAN
Run over Hit with a vehicle. the fox OVER when it ran in front of his
car.
The meeting RAN OVER by twenty
Run over Exceed a time limit.
minutes.
Run Practise a dramatic work like a play The cast RAN THROUGH the play the
through quickly. day before it opened to the public.
Run Stab or wound deeply with a knife, sword, The musketeer RAN his enemy
through etc.. THROUGH with a sword and killed him.
Whenever he gets into debt, he RUNS TO
Run to Go to someone for help.
his parents for help.
His musical tastes RUN TO the
Run to Include in things you like.
Residents, who are hated by most people.
Have enough money to buy something, Things are a bit tight and won't RUN TO
Run to
often negative. going abroad for a holiday.
He RAN UP next to me and started
Run up Move quickly to where someone is.
shouting.
Run up Hoist, raise a flag. They RAN UP the Union Jack.
He RAN UP a few examples for them to
Run up Do or make something very quickly.
look at.
Run up Spend a lot of money on credit. He RAN UP a lot of bills at the hotel.
Run up They RAN UP AGAINST a lot of
Encounter problems, often unexpected.
against opposition to the construction.
Robert was sitting in his car and a guy
Run up on Approach someone without their knowing. RAN UP ON him and shot through the
car but missed.
She RUNS WITH some dodgy
Run with Keep company, normally bad.
characters.
They RUSHED AWAY when the police
Rush away Leave a place in a hurry.
arrived.
They don't want to be RUSHED INTO
Rush into Do something too quickly. giving an answer and have asked for
more time.
Zac RUSHED OFF to get to his medical
Rush off Depart in a hurry.
appointment.
They RUSHED the single OUT after it
Rush out Release or put something on sale quickly.
started getting airplay.
Rustle up Make something quickly without much We RUSTLED UP dinner from what was
preparation. in the fridge.
Put a saddle on and prepare an animal to She SADDLED UP the horse and rode
Saddle up
ride. off.
Give someone a task or responsibility that They SADDLED me WITH preparing the
Saddle with
is difficult or hard work. visit.
Not go to school or work, or leave early I was bored so I SAGGED OFF work
Sag off
when you shouldn't. early and went home.
He SAILED INTO me for turning up an
Sail into Criticise angrily.
hour late.
Sail through Pass easily, succeed. He SAILED THROUGH the final test.
The townspeople SALLIED FORTH to
Sally forth Leave somewhere safe or comfortable.
fight the invading army.
Though it was pouring with rain, we
Sally out Leave somewhere safe or comfortable.
SALLIED OUT to meet her.
She's making a lot of money, but SALTS
Salt away Save money.
it AWAY rather than spending it.
Save on Reduce or avoid consumption to cut costs. I use Skype to SAVE ON my phone bills.
Save up For money for a particular purpose. He's SAVING UP to buy a car.
I'm SAVING UP the receipts to claim on
Save up Collect or store something for future use.
them all at once.
To remove something by cutting it with a
Saw off He SAWED OFF the legs of the chair.
saw.
We SAWED the plank UP to make the
Saw up Cut into pieces with a saw.
shelves.
Make something smaller than originally They had to SCALE BACK the project
Scale back
planned. because of the costs.
Make something smaller than originally They have had to SCALE DOWN the
Scale down
planned. project because of the costs.
They are SCALING UP the programme
Scale up Increase, make bigger.
because it has been so successful.
Frighten someone some much that they go
Scare away The cat SCARED the birds AWAY.
away.
Make someone so frightened that he or she The vicious Doberman guard-dog
Scare off
away. SCARED the burglars AWAY.
The company is SCOUTING ABOUT for
Scout about Look in different places for something.
new staff.
Scout We SCOUTED AROUND to find the best
Look in different places for something.
around price.
The researcher spent months SCOUTING
Scout out Search for something.
OUT the answer.
Scout round Look in different places for something. I SCOUTED ROUND for a bargain.
Try to find someone for a task or We'd better SCOUT UP a replacement for
Scout up
requirement. her.
Scrape I've been SCRAPING ALONG on
Manage with little money.
along temporary work since I lost my job.
I thought I was going to fail, but
Scrape by Just manage to pass something.
SCRAPED BY with 51%.
Just get enough to succeed, pass or be The government SCRAPED IN with 51%
Scrape in
accepted. of the votes cast.
She got mediocre grades and just
Scrape into Be accepted somewhere, but only just.
SCRAPED INTO university.
Scrape I did no revision and only just SCRAPED
Pass a test but only just.
through THROUGH the final exams.
Scrape Manage to collect enough of something I had to search my flat for money to
together you need, usually money. SCRAPE TOGETHER what I needed.
Manage to collect enough of something It took me ages to SCRAPE UP the
Scrape up
you need, usually money. money for the tickets.
Separate a part of a room with something We SCREENED OFF the area where we
Screen off had the discussion from the rest of the
like a curtain, screen, etc..
meeting.
Applicants without the right
Screen out Exclude.
qualifications were SCREENED OUT.
Screen out Block light. The sun cream SCREENS OUT UV light.
There are so many notices and signs that I
Screen out Stop noticing something.
have started SCREENING them OUT.
Screw He spent the afternoon SCREWING
Waste time.
around AROUD and got nothing done.
Screw He SCREWED AROUND a lot at
Be sexually promiscuous.
around university.
Screw over Treat harshly or cheat. The IRS really SCREWED him OVER.
David SCREWED UP his oral exam but
Screw up Do badly or fail.
still managed to scrape a pass.
I'll SEE ABOUT whether we can manage
See about Arrange, consider.
it.
See into Accompany someone into an office. Her secretary SAW me INTO her office.
A cat came into the back garden but the
See off Chase somebody or something away.
dog soon SAW it OFF.
Go to the airport, station, etc., to say
See off I went to the station to SEE them OFF.
goodbye to someone.
Accompany a guest to your front door Are you sure you're going? I'll get your
See out
when they are leaving your house. coats and SEE you OUT.
They had a lot of difficulties in
See through Continue with something to the end. implementing the project, but the team
SAW it THROUGH successfully.
Realise someone is lying or being The police quickly SAW THROUGH her
See through
deceitful. disguise and arrested her.
He SAW TO the arrangements and
See to Deal with something.
everything ran smoothly and efficiently.
They SOLD OFF their research
Sell off Sell a business or part of it.
subsidiary.
Sell something cheaply because you need She SOLD OFF her furniture before she
Sell off
the money or don't need it. emigrated.
We managed to SELL him ON the
Sell on Convince someone.
expansion plans.
Buy something then sell it to someone We buy them wholesale and SELL them
Sell on
else. ON to the public.
Have no more of something left because it The tickets for the Primal Scream concert
Sell out at the Brixton Academy SOLD OUT in a
has been bought.
couple of hours.
Most bands SELL OUT when they sign to
Lose all artistic integrity in return for
Sell out a major record label, and forget all their
commercial success.
principles when pursuing chart success.
Sell a house or business to move We want to SELL UP and move to the
Sell up
somewhere or do something different. country.
I SENT my food BACK because it was
Send back Return something.
overcooked.
I had to SEND FOR a plumber because
Send for Ask someone to come and help.
the radiator was leaking.
The police were SENT IN to quell the riot
Order people into a place to handle a
Send in as the protesters had started burning cars
problem.
and wrecking shops.
If you want to enter the competition, you
Send in Write to get information.
have to SEND IN for an entry form.
The football striker was SENT OFF for
Send off Expel a sports player from a match.
arguing with the referee's decision.
I must SEND this letter OFF today
Send off Post a letter.
otherwise it won't get there in time.
I SENT OFF FOR some jeans that I liked
Send off for Order something by post.
in the catalogue.
They SENT OUT a mailshot to all their
Send out Send something to a lot of people.
existing customers.
We couldn't be bothered to cook, so we
Send out for Order takeaway food by phone.
SENT OUT FOR a pizza.
The mischievous schoolboy was standing
at the front of the class, SENDING the
Send up Imitate/impersonate for comic effect.
teacher UP, when the teacher opened the
door behind him.
We SET ABOUT the cleaning and got it
Set about Start doing something.
done before lunchtime.
The gang SET ABOUT her as she left the
Set about Attack.
bank.
Distinguish, be better than or different The quality of their work SETS them
Set apart
from others. APART from their rivals.
The Appeal Court SET ASIDE the guilty
Set aside Overturn a court verdict or decision. verdict because the evidence was
unsatisfactory and declared her not guilty.
The car repairs SET me BACK eight
Set back Cost.
hundred pounds.
The accident SET the project BACK
Set back Delay.
several months.
He SET FORTH his ideas in his
Set forth State or outline an opinion.
autobiography.
We SET FORTH at daybreak for the
Set forth Start a journey.
summit of the mountain.
Set in Change season noticeably. Winter has SET IN; it's started snowing.
Terrorists SET OFF a car bomb in the city
Set off Explode a bomb. centre last night. Fortunately, no-one was
hurt or killed.
Set off Ring an alarm. The smoke SET the fire alarm OFF.
Set off Start a journey. We SET OFF for work at seven-thirty.
The company SET OFF its overseas debts
Set off Counterbalance a debt.
against it profits at home.
The dark frame SETS the pale drawing
Set off Provide a visual contrast that looks good.
OFF well.
The pay freeze SET OFF a wave of
Set off Cause, trigger events.
strikes.
Set on Attack. He was SET ON when he left the bar.
The figures are SET OUT in the council's
Set out Display, show.
annual report.
The explorers SET OUT for the South
Set out Start a journey.
Pole yesterday morning.
The contract SETS OUT all the details of
Set out Arrange, organise.
the agreement.
If we all SET TO, we should be able to
Set to Work hard or enthusiastically.
finish this in a few hours.
The technician SET UP the computer
Set up Prepare equipment, software, etc., for use.
network perfectly.
They SET UP a dot com company, floated
Set up Start a company. it a couple of years later on the Stock
Exchange and made an absolute fortune.
Provide someone with the money needed
Set up Winning the lottery SET them UP for life.
to live.
Set up Trick, deceive. The police SET them UP.
They SET UPON her when she was in the
Set upon Attack.
car park.
After years of partying and drinking, she
Settle down Start living a fixed and routine life. finally got married and SETTLED
DOWN.
We were upset not to win and had to
Settle for Accept whatever is available.
SETTLE FOR the second prize.
It took him a while to SETTLE IN when
Settle in Get used to.
he moved to Japan.
They couldn't agree at first on a name for
Settle on Agree. their daughter, but finally SETTLED ON
Alice.
Let's SETTLE UP for the dinner the other
Settle up Pay a debt.
night.
Sex up Change information to make it more The government denied that they had
attractive to the reader or listener. SEXED UP the report to make the front
page.
Live with someone when you are in a They SHACKED UP a few months after
Shack up
relationship.. they started going out.
We had to SHACK UP with friends while
Shack up Live somewhere temporarily.
our house was being decorated.
Shade in Make a part of a picture darker. She SHADED IN the area under the tree.
The police SHOOK the house DOWN
Shake down Search.
looking for drugs.
He SHOOK the guy DOWN with some
Shake down Extort or cheat money from someone. story about needing the money for an
operation.
It took me ages to SHAKE OFF the
Shake off Get rid of an illness.
cough.
Shake clothes, cloths, etc to remove dirt or He took the tablecloth outside and
Shake out
creases. SHOOK it OUT after dinner.
The news of her death really SHOOK me
Shake up Upset or shock.
UP.
Make major changes to improve or save a The management are SHAKING things
Shake up
company, organisation, etc. UP and getting rid of a lot of workers.
Pour the ingredients into a container and
Shake up Mix things in a container by shaking hard.
SHAKE them UP.
Things are SHAPING UP at work-
Shape up Develop in a positive way.
everything's going well again.
If they don't start SHAPING UP, they're
Shape up Improve to reach an acceptable standard.
going to lose their jobs.
He has SHAVED OFF his moustache and
Shave off Shave completely.
looks much younger.
He SHAVED a few thousand OFF the
Shave off Reduce by a small amount.
budget for the year.
Spend money on something, especially I had to SHELL OUT a hundred pounds
Shell out
when you think it's too expensive. on the dinner.
Send someone away, often because of a He was causing a lot of trouble, so they
Ship off
problem. SHIPPED him OFF to another branch
We SHIPPED the order OUT two days
Ship out Send goods to a place.
ago.
If you've finished your work, I'm ready to
Ship out Leave a place.
SHIP OUT.
He SHOT AWAY as soon as the bell rang
Shoot away Leave somewhere quickly.
for the end of the lesson.
I'm SHOOTING BACK home to pick up
Shoot back Return quickly.
some things I forgot to bring with me.
I’m SHOOTING FOR nothing less than
Shoot for Have as a goal.
the presidency.
I'll have to SHOOT OFF as soon as the
Shoot off Leave promptly and quickly. lesson finishes, otherwise I'll miss my
train.
Shoot out Go out for a short time. I'm SHOOTING OUT to the shops for a
paper.
The share prices of internet companies
Shoot up Increase quickly.
have been SHOOTING UP lately.
The heroin-user would SHOOT UP in
Shoot up Take illicit drugs intravenously..
shop doorways.
Shoot up Damage with gun-shots. The gangsters SHOT UP the pub.
Johnny has SHOT UP since I last saw
Shoot up Increase quickly, grow.
him
Shop Look around for the best price, quality, If you SHOP AROUND, you can find
around etc.. some real bargains for air tickets.
The battery SHORTED OUT when it got
Short out Short circuit.
wet.
Make so much noise to stop someone His efforts to raise the issue were
Shout down
being heard. SHOUTED DOWN.
Say something loudly, often to attract
Shout out She SHOUTED OUT my name.
someone's attention.
Show Take someone to a place to show them The estate agent SHOWED us AROUND
around certain parts. the house but we didn't like it much.
Take someone into an office or other The secretary SHOWED me IN to speak
Show in
room. to the manager.
The children were SHOWING OFF and
Show off Behave in a way so as to attract attention.
irritated me.
He wanted to SHOW OFF his new sound
Show off Display something you are proud of.
system.
Make the qualities of another thing more The shirt really SHOWED OFF his new
Show off
apparent. tie.
Take someone to out of a room or Her secretary SHOWED me OUT after
Show out
building. the interview.
He SHOWED us OVER the scene of the
Show over Take someone around a site.
accident
Take someone to a place to show them The guide SHOWED them ROUND the
Show round
certain parts. historic part of the city.
Show When a feeling can be seen despite His anger SHOWED THROUGH despite
through attempts to conceal it. his smile.
Show up Attend something or arrive somewhere. Very few SHOWED UP at the meeting.
The downturn in sales SHOWED UP in
Show up Become clear or apparent.
the company's accounts.
Make someone feel embarrassed or He SHOWED us UP when he arrived
Show up
ashamed. drunk and started arguing.
Disregard something, not consider it He SHRUGGED OFF the criticism and
Shrug off
important or harmful. carried on the same way.
Many people have been SHUT AWAY in
Shut away Imprison or remove someone's freedom. psychiatric hospitals for disagreeing with
the government.
The shop SHUT DOWN when the out-of-
Shut down Close a business, shop, etc..
town supermarket opened.
Shut down Turn a computer off. You should close all programs before you
SHUT a computer DOWN.
I SHUT the cat IN until it was time to go
Shut in Prevent someone from leaving.
to the vet.
They SHUT the water OFF while they
Shut off Close, prevent access.
did the repairs.
You have to SHUT your feelings OUT to
Shut out Exclude.
deal with it.
Shut out Not allow a player or team to score. The Dodgers SHUT OUT the Giants 3-0.
He's been SHUT OUT OF the
Shut out of Exclude someone from an activity, etc.
discussions.
He told us to SHUT UP and start
Shut up Stop talking or making noise.
working.
They SHUT the shop UP for a fortnight
Shut up Close for a period of time.
while they were on holiday.
Shut
She's SHUT herself AWAY to revise for
yourself Withdraw from company.
her exams.
away
Shy away Avoid doing something because you lack Many learners SHY AWAY FROM using
from confidence. phrasal verbs.
The lecturer SIDED WITH her students
Side with Support someone.
and got sacked for her pains.
He SIDLED UP TO me and whispered
Sidle up to Approach someone discreetly.
his name.
We had to SIFT THROUGH thousands of
Sift through Examine a lot of things carefully. files before we found what we were
looking for.
He SIGNED AWAY his rights to
Sign away Give away legal or property rights. compensation when he signed the
contract.
My boss was out for the day, so I
Sign for Write a signature on behalf on someone.
SIGNED her letters FOR her.
Sign in Register in a hotel. We SIGNED IN and went straight to bed.
Open a computer program that requires a
Sign in I SIGNED IN and started chatting online.
name and password.
You have to SIGN IN before you can
Sign in Write your name when entering a place.
enter the club.
Open a particular computer program that I SIGN INTO MSN Messenger
Sign into
requires a name and password. automatically when I boot up.
I'll SIGN OFF now, but will write again
Sign off End a message.
next week.
Sign off Close a claim for unemployment benefit. I SIGNED OFF when I got my new job.
I'm SIGNING OFF now and going home-
Sign off Stop doing something to leave.
I'm shattered.
Give someone a letter to be away from My doctor SIGNED me OFF for a month
Sign off
work. with back problems.
The director SIGNED OFF ON the plans
Sign off on Give official approval.
to increase sales.
Sign on Open a claim for unemployment benefit. I had to SIGN ON when I lost my job.
I've SIGNED ON to help at the village
Sign on Agree to participate.
fete.
Sign on Start broadcasting. He SIGNS ON the same way every show.
Sign on Employ. We've SIGNED ON two new teachers.
Sign a document joining or agreeing to He's SIGNED ON WITH Manchester
Sign on with
something. United for the next three years.
Close a computer program that requires a I SIGNED OUT and then shut the
Sign out
name and password. computer down.
Sign something to show you have Could you SIGN those books OUT,
Sign out
borrowed something. please?
Close a particular computer program that I SIGNED OUT OF MSN Messenger and
Sign out of
requires a name and password. shut the computer down.
Sign up Give your name to do something. I've SIGNED UP as a volunteer.
Sign up Subscribe. I SIGNED UP for their newsletter.
She's SIGNED WITH EMI for the next
Sign with Make a contract with.
few years.
Simmer He told them to SIMMER DOWN
Become calmer, make less noise. because they were disturbing the class
down
next door.
To sing when a piece of music is being I SANG ALONG when they played it on
Sing along
played or performed by someone else.. the radio.
Sing out Reply loudly. When you hear your name, SING OUT!
Sing out Sing loudly. Everyone SANG OUT during the chorus.
Sing up Sing louder. We can't hear you- SING UP.
Many people applied for the job but we
Single out Select or choose one from a group.
will SINGLE OUT the best one.
The truth finally SANK IN about her
Sink in Slowly come to be understood.
death when it was broadcast on TV.
We spent the afternoon SITTING
Sit and do nothing, especially when you
Sit about ABOUT chatting instead of doing any
should be working.
work.
They just SAT AROUND while the others
Sit around Sit idly, doing nothing.
did all the work.
Wait for something to happen without We SAT BACK and waited for them to
Sit back
making any effort. make the first mistake.
Sit back Relax in a chair. I SAT BACK and enjoyed the show.
I can't SIT BY while they are punished
Sit by Not try to stop something.
wrongly.
Sit down Help someone to sit. The nurse SAT me DOWN in a chair.
The Queen SAT FOR another official
Sit for Pose for an artist or photographer.
portrait.
Look after children while their parents are She SITS FOR her neighbors when they
Sit for
out. go out.
Occupy a building to protest about The students SAT IN the Library as a
Sit in
something. protest against the increase in tuition fees.
Sit in for Take on someone's responsibilities while Her deputy's SITTING IN FOR her while
they are absent. she's away.
She SAT IN ON the meeting and took
Sit in on Attend as an observer.
notes but said nothing.
She's SAT ON the finance committee
Sit on Be on a committee.
from the beginning.
To handle somebody firmly who behaves If his girlfriend finds out, she'll get mad
Sit on
impertinently, conceitedly. and SIT ON him.
The government have been SITTING ON
Sit on Hold information back or keep it secret.
the report because it was so critical.
I had to SIT the game OUT because I was
Sit out Not take part.
ill.
WE SAT OVER dinner discussing the
Sit over Eat or drink slowly.
plans.
I was bored and wanted to leave halfway
Sit through Stay till the end of something dull. through, but we SAT THROUGH the
film.
It's hard to see how their new plan SITS
Sit with Reconcile different positions.
WITH the promises they made.
The doorstaff SIZED UP everyone
Size up Assess a situation or person carefully..
entering the club.
Make something bigger or produce bigger Soft drinks manufacturers have SIZED
Size up
products. UP their products in recent years.
Skin up Make a cannabis joint. She SKINNED UP a fat spliff.
Skin up Make a cannabis joint. Who's going to SKIN UP?
I pretended I was ill and SKIVED OFF
Skive off Avoid doing work or other duty.
on Monday.
Students usually begin the term well, then
Reduce one's effort, perform with less
Slack off SLACK OFF near the end of the
enthusiasm and energy.
semester.
Work SLACKENS OFF during the
Slacken off Become less busy or intense.
holiday period.
The concert was terrible and all the
Slag off Criticise heavily.
papers SLAGGED the band OFF.
Slant That travel magazine is totally
Favour one viewpoint, bias.
toward SLANTED TOWARD the ultra-rich.
Let’s SLEEP IN tomorrow morning- we
Sleep in Sleep longer than usual.
won’t have another chance for weeks.
Sleep in order to recover from excess She went to bed TO SLEEP OFF the
Sleep off
alcohol, drugs, etc.. effects of the tequila.
My boss said she'd have to SLEEP ON it
Sleep on Think about something.
when I asked her for a raise.
The au pair made tea for the friends who
Sleep over Spend the night at someone else's house.
were SLEEPING OVER.
Sleep I SLEPT THROUGH the storm even
Not wake up. though the wind blew some slates off the
through
roof.
Slice off Cut, remove an amount or part of They CUT 10% OFF the original price.
something.
I SLICED the cake UP and handed it
Slice up Cut completely into pieces or slices.
round to the people there.
Lose an opportunity or the chance of Their hopes of getting back into the game
Slip away
winning, succeeding, etc. SLIPPED AWAY after the second goal.
The year has SLIPPED AWAY and it is
Slip away Pass quickly (time).
hard to believe it's over.
Slip by Pass quickly (time). The years SLIP BY as you get older.
Lose an opportunity or the chance of He didn't follow the offer up and let it
Slip by
winning, succeeding, etc. SLIP BY.
The cold beer SLIPPED DOWN a treat
Slip down Be enjoyable to drink or eat.
after the walk.
Try to include something discreetly when He SLIPPED IN a mention of his exam
Slip in
speaking. results to remind us how well he did.
I got out of my suit and SLIPPED INTO
Slip into Put clothes on quickly.
my pyjamas.
Acquire bad habits or fall into a bad or The economy SLIPPED INTO recession
Slip into
negative state or condition. and shows no signs of recovery.
It was very boring so we SLIPPED OFF
Slip off Leave a place discreetly.
before it finished.
I SLIPPED my shoes OFF when I
Slip off Remove clothes.
entered.
Slip off to Go somewhere discreetly. We SLIPPED OFF TO the pub.
I SLIPPED my coat ON and rushed
Slip on Put clothes on quickly.
outside.
The party was really dull so we SLIPPED
Slip out Leave discreetly.
OUT and went to the pub instead.
The waitress SLIPPED UP and didn't
Slip up Make an error.
bring us what we had ordered.
I SLOBBED ABOUT all day as I couldn't
Slob about Be lazy, do nothing.
be bothered to do any work.
I spent the day SLOBBING AROUND at
Slob around Be lazy, do nothing.
home.
Leave somewhere without letting others The lecture sounded really boring, so I
Slope off
know. SLOPED OFF and went to the pub.
The government is increasing its powers
Slough off Get rid of, dispose. but is SLOUGHING OFF responsibility
for its failures.
Slough off Lose or shed outer layers of skin. Snakes SLOUGH OFF their old skin.
He SLOUGHED OFF the pain and
Slough off Ignore or trivialize an injury or insult.
continued running.
The car SLOWED DOWN when they
Slow down Reduce speed.
saw the police.
It is important to slow down, rest, and eat
Slow down Become less active.
sensibly.
The negotiations were SLOWED UP by
Slow up Slow the progress of something.
the arguments.
They SLUGGED IT OUT for hours but
Slug it out Fight or argue.
never came to an agreement.
The government's decision SMACKS OF
Smack of Appear to have a negative quality.
hypocrisy.
Smash The police SMASHED the door DOWN
Demolish or break something down.
down to get into the house.
Smash in Break something by hitting it repeatedly. He SMASHED the windscreen IN.
The burglars SMASHED UP the office as
Smash up Destroy, break into many pieces.
there was no money to steal.
Force someone out of a place they're The police SMOKED the gang OUT and
Smoke out
hiding in. arrested them.
Consume, take, buy something other They SNAFFLED UP all the food before
Snaffle up
people may want. we got there.
He SNAPPED OFF a bit of chocolate
Snap off Break a piece off something.
from the bar and gave it to me..
I was feeling depressed and knew I had to
Snap out of Control negative emotions.
SNAP OUT OF it.
He had taken ages so I told him to SNAP
Snap to it! Do something quickly.
TO IT and get it finished.
Collectors SNAPPED UP every copy the
Snap up Get, acquire or buy something quickly.
day it was released.
My line was all SNARLED UP after I
Snarl up Entangle.
caught that last fish.
Although the thieves tried to SNEAK
Sneak out Depart furtively.
OUT after dark, we were ready for them.
Dave tried to SNEAK UP ON the guard,
Sneak up on Approach someone furtively.
but was seen anyway.
Sniff Look around to see how good something I SNIFFED AROUND to see if I could
around is or to try to find something better. find a better deal.
A job opportunity like that is not to be
Sniff at Disapprove or be scornful.
SNIFFED AT.
Find something by smell (usually for Customs use dogs to SNIFF OUT illegal
Sniff out
dogs). drugs being smuggled in.
Find out information, especially when Our rivals are trying to SNIFF OUT our
Sniff out
people don't want anyone to know. plans for expansion.
Divulge secrets, inform authorities about Reggie was caught after someone
Snitch on
someone. SNITCHED ON him to the teacher.
I SNUFFED OUT the candles before I
Snuff out Extinguish a small flame by covering it.
went to bed.
Snuff out Kill. He got SNUFFED OUT in a gang war.
I messed up the first question, which
Snuff out End something suddenly. SNUFFED OUT my chances of getting a
good grade.
Stop showing the effects of alcohol or Keith SOBERED UP a bit when we left
Sober up
drugs. the pub and walked home.
The bombardment SOFTENED UP their
Soften up Weaken. defenses; I think we can move in
tomorrow.
Do things to please someone in the hope I paid for everything to SOFTEN them
Soften up
that they will do what you want. UP before they made the decision.
Life got hard for my dog when he went
Soldier on Continue even when things get difficult. blind, but he just SOLDIERED ON and
never complained.
Has the firm SORTED OUT its tax
Sort out Resolve a problem.
problems yet?
He SOUNDED OFF about the quality of
Sound off To express your opinions forcefully.
the food.
You should SOUND her OUT to get her
Check what someone thinks about an
Sound out opinion before you go ahead with the
issue, idea, etc..
plan.
The council is SPAFFING AWAY our
Spaff away Waste (money, time, resources, etc).
taxes on bonuses and consultants.
Cause something, usually unpleasant, to The riot was SPARKED OFF by the
Spark off
happen. police raid on the club.
They SPARKED UP in a no smoking
Spark up Light a cigarette or joint.
area.
People are afraid to SPEAK OUT in
Speak out Talk openly and freely.
oppressive political regimes.
They couldn't hear the speaker and asked
Speak up Talk more loudly.
him to SPEAK UP a bit.
He won't understand you unless you
Spell out Explain something in great detail.
SPELL everything OUT for him.
Write or say the individual letters that I had to SPELL my surname OUT to him
Spell out
make up a word. as he didn't know how to spell it.
The volcano is SPEWING OUT lava and
Spew out Expel, throw out.
hot gases.
Spew up Vomit. He SPEWED UP when he was drunk.
When large numbers of people leave a The crowd SPILLED OUT onto the
Spill out
place at the same time. streets after the match had ended.
The container was cracked and the
Spill out Come or flow out of a box, container, etc.
chemicals SPILLED OUT.
Spill out Express or display emotions openly. I let my frustration SPILL OUT.
The protests and demonstrations have
When something bad has a wider impact
Spill over SPILLED OVER into neighbouring
on other people or situations.
states.
I forgot to turn the tap off and the water
Spill over Flow over the edge or top of a container.
SPILLED OVER.
The research SPUN OFF a number of
Spin off Produce an unexpected additional benefit. new products as well as solving the
problem.
Form a separate company from part of an They SPUN OFF the retail division last
Spin off
existing one. year.
Spin off Create a TV show using characters from a They SPUN it OFF from the main show,
popular show. but it didn't really attract many viewers.
Spin out Lose control (vehicle). The car hit the water and SPUN OUT.
I SPUN the work OUT to make as much
Spin out Make something last as long as possible.
money from the job as I could.
They SPIRITED her AWAY before the
Spirit away Remove someone secretly from a place.
police arrived.
They SPIRITED him OFF before any
Spirit off Remove someone secretly from a place.
trouble started.
An informal way of telling someone to say Hurry up, SPIT IT OUT! I can't wait all
Spit it out
something they are unwilling to say. day for the truth.
He SPAT her name OUT when he saw her
Spit out Say something angrily.
arrive.
Splash Apollo 13 SPLASHED DOWN after a
Land in the sea (space capsules).
down harrowing flight.
Spend a lot of money on something that is We went to an expensive restaurant and
Splash out
not essential. SPLASHED OUT to celebrate
Splash out
Spend a lot of money on something. I SPLASHED OUT ON a new camera.
on
The teacher SPLIT the class UP into
Split up Divide into groups.
groups of four.
They are always SPLITTING UP and
Split up Finish a relationship.
then getting back together again.
He's been SPOILING FOR an argument
Spoil for Really want something.
all day.
Sponge I'll SPONGE it DOWN before putting it
Clean something with a sponge.
down away.
Accept free food and support without any Let’s go to New York, we can always
Sponge off
shame or qualms. SPONGE OFF my brother there.
Accept or get money without doing any A lot of people are SPONGING ON the
Sponge on state by claiming benefits they're not
work.
entitled to.
Return to original position after being The lock SPRINGS BACK when the key
Spring back
bent, forced or when pressure is removed. is turned.
She is going to SPRING FOR all their
Spring for Pay for, often generously.
medical bills.
He SPRANG FROM the bushes when I
Spring from Appear suddenly and unexpectedly.
walked past.
His anger SPRINGS FROM his feelings
Spring from Be the cause of something.
of insecurity.
They SPRUNG a birthday party ON me
Spring on Surprise someone.
at work.
Charity shops are SPRINGING UP in the
Spring up Appear suddenly.
recession.
We SPRUCED the flat UP before we put
Spruce up To smarten, make something neat and tidy.
it on the market.
The thought of the bonus SPURRED her
Spur on Encourage someone to continue.
ON to complete the work on time.
Square There are few things I have to SQUARE
Finish or sort something out.
away AWAY before I can leave.
The two drunks SQUARED OFF and the
Confront someone or prepare to fight
Square off barman had to intervene before a fight
them.
broke out.
Square off Confront someone or prepare to fight They SQUARED OFF AGAINST the
against them. police when they arrived.
Can I SQUARE UP with you for last
Square up Pay back a debt.
night?
Confront someone or prepare to fight The companies are SQUARING UP for a
Square up
them. fight.
Square up They need to SQUARE UP TO what they
Accept responsibility or guilt.
to did wrong if we are to make any progress.
What he said doesn't SQUARE WITH
Square with Match, conform to.
what the others said.
Check with someone that something is I'll have to CHECK that WITH my boss
Square with
OK. before I can confirm it.
Get more people into a space than normal Four of us had to SQUEEZE UP in the
Squeeze up
or comfortable. back of the car.
Stack up Put things in a pile. I STACKED UP the boxes.
Work STACKED UP while I was away
Stack up Accumulate.
on holiday.
I've been STACKING UP a lot of air
Stack up Increase, accumulate something.
miles.
Stack up Be logical, make sense. The budget figures don't STACK UP.
Build up the number of planes waiting to Planes were STACKING UP while the
Stack up
land at an airport. airport was closed after the bomb threat.
Stack up The new model doesn't STACK UP
Be as good as something.
against AGAINST the old one.
They haven't STAFFED the project UP
Staff up Employ someone for something specific.
yet.
The government has started a campaign
Stamp out Get rid of something.
to STAMP OUT drugs in schools.
Spend time in a place waiting or doing We STOOD ABOUT drinking coffee
Stand about
nothing or very little. before the lecture.
Stand Spend time in a place waiting or doing We STOOD AROUND for an hour
around nothing or very little. waiting for them to turn up.
The prime minister should STAND
Leave a position so that someone else can
Stand aside ASIDE and let a new leader head the
take it.
party.
We STOOD BACK while he lit the
Stand back Keep a distance from something.
firework.
Try to understand something by taking a We need to STAND BACK and look at
Stand back
different perspective. the problem differently.
He STOOD BY her throughout the trial
Stand by Support someone.
as he believed her to be innocent.
Stand by Be ready and waiting for something to The emergency services were
STANDING BY waiting for the plane to
happen.
land.
Leave a job or position so that someone The minister announced her intention to
Stand down
else can take it. STAND DOWN at the next election.
The judge told the witness to STAND
Stand down Finish being asked questions in a court.
DOWN after the questioning.
I'm not going to STAND FOR their
Stand for Accept or tolerate behaviour.
rudeness any longer.
'WHAT do the letters BBC STAND FOR?
Stand for The words represented by certain initials.
' 'British Broadcasting Corporation.'
She had to STAND IN FOR the editor
Stand in for Substitute someone temporarily.
while he was on holiday.
She STOOD OUT from the crowd in
Stand out Be extraordinary and different.
selection and was offered the job.
Move from a sitting or lying down to a Everybody STOOD UP when the judge
Stand up
vertical position. entered the court.
He agreed to meet me last night, but he
Stand up Fail to keep an appointment.
STOOD me UP.
Stand up He's the kind of manager who will always
Defend, support.
for STAND UP FOR his staff.
Keep your principles when challenged by She STOOD UP TO the police when they
Stand up to
an authority. tried to corrupt her.
This coat will STAND UP TO the
Stand up to Resist damage.
roughest weather conditions.
Look at someone until they cannot look at He was angry but I STARED him DOWN
Stare down
you. and he left without saying much.
They STARTED OFF the meeting with
Start off Make something start.
an attack on our performance.
She STARTED OFF as a receptionist and
Start off Begin life, a career or existence.
ended up as the CEO.
We STARTED OFF early because we
Start off Begin a journey.
knew the journey would take all day.
I was trying to be serious, but their
Start off Make someone laugh.
comment STARTED me OFF.
Help someone to start a piece or work or I STARTED her OFF ON the project then
Start off on
activity. left her to finish it.
It's time to START ON that bottle of
Start on Begin to use or consume.
wine.
The manager was furious and STARTED
Start on Criticise angrily.
ON her staff for not trying hard enough.
Start on at Criticise or nag. He STARTED ON AT me for being late.
Start out Begin a journey. We STARTED OUT early in the morning.
What had STARTED OUT AS a protest
Start out as Begin life, existence or a career.
quickly turned into a full-blown rebellion.
I didn't START OUT TO become the
Start out to Intend, plan.
boss- it just happened.
Start over Begin something again. It's a mess- I think we should just START
OVER.
The firm STARTED UP on a shoestring
Start up Open a business.
budget.
There was a pause, then the noise
Start up Begin, especially sounds.
STARTED UP again.
Start up When an engine starts working. The car STARTED UP first time.
Start up Make an engine work. I STARTED the car UP.
Sit or stand upright because someone has He STARTED UP when I entered the
Start up
surprised you. room and tried to hide what he was doing.
I STASHED some money AWAY behind
Stash away Store or hide something in a safe place.
some books.
The police STOVE the front door IN and
Stave in Push or break something inwards.
arrested them.
The medicine STAVED OFF the worst of
Stave off Delay, prevent something from happening.
the disease.
He said he didn't like them coming and
Stay away Not come.
wanted them to STAY AWAY.
Stay away He told them to STAY AWAY FROM
Avoid, not come.
from him.
I'm going to STAY IN and chill tonight; I
Stay in Not go out.
can't be bothered to go out.
She STAYED ON after she graduated to
Stay on Remain longer than anticipated.
do a Master's degree.
Stay out Not go home. We STAYED OUT all night.
I STAYED OVER at a friend's house last
Stay over Stay overnight.
night because of the train strike.
The children STAYED UP until way past
Stay up Not go to bed.
their bedtime.
We didn't want to wake them, so we
Steal away Leave a place quietly or secretly.
STOLE AWAY in the middle of the night.
Not wanting to attract attention, she
Steal out Leave in a stealthy or quiet manner.
STOLE OUT early.
Be gradually overcome by an emotion or A feeling of pride STOLE OVER me as I
Steal over
feeling. watched.
The lights were off and everything was
Steal up Approach quietly or secretly. quiet so we STOLE UP as quietly as we
could.
Approach a place or someone quietly or We STOLE UP ON them so that they
Steal up on
secretly. couldn't sound the alarm.
Steer clear He's trying to STEER CLEAR OF his
Avoid. lecturer because he hasn't finished his
of
assignment yet.
The trouble STEMS FROM their refusal
Stem from Originate, be caused by.
to discuss the matter.
Everyone thinks that the prime minister
Leave a job or position so that someone
Step aside should STEP ASIDE so that someone
else can take over.
new can lead the party into the election.
Look at something from a different We should STEP BACK and try to see
Step back
perspective. how our customers will view the scheme.
Leave a job or position so that someone The CEO STEPPED DOWN after the
Step down
can take over. share price dropped.
Production is being STEPPED DOWN
Step down Reduce.
because demand has dropped.
Step When I had the accident, a lot of people
Offer help.
forward STEPPED FORWARD to help me.
I had to STEP IN when they started
Step in Get involved by interrupting something.
fighting.
An imperative used to tell someone to go I told the taxi driver to STEP ON IT as I
Step on it
faster, especially when driving. was late for the meeting.
Step out Leave a place for a very short time. They've STEPPED OUT for a cigarette.
Don't STEP TO those guys; they'll kill
Step to Confront.
you.
Step to Chat, talk to. He tried to STEP TO her in the bar.
The police have STEPPED UP the
Step up Increase. pressure on beggars working the
Underground.
Stick He's late, but I'll STICK AROUND for
Stay in a place for some time.
around another few minutes before I leave.
Continue doing something despite She found the course very tough but she
Stick at
difficulties. STUCK AT it and did well in the end.
Support someone when they are having No one STUCK BY him when the
Stick by
difficulties. scandal became public.
Stick by Support a plan, opinion or decision. They are STICKING BY their claims.
I couldn't answer the test so I just
Write something quickly or without
Stick down STUCK anything DOWN that I could
thinking about it.
remember.
Stick down Join surfaces with glue. I STUCK the label DOWN.
She STUCK IT TO me for turning up half
Stick it to Criticise someone.
an hour late.
My boss always STICKS IT TO me when
Stick it to Treat someone badly or unfairly.
she's in a bad mood.
He's so much better than the others that
Stick out Be easily noticed.
he STICKS OUT.
Stick out Extend part of your body. He STUCK his tongue OUT at me.
Continue doing something difficult or I STUCK it OUT even though I hated
Stick out
unpleasant. every minute of it.
We're STICKING OUT FOR a 5%
Stick out for Demand a salary raise.
increase.
The Prime Minister decided to STICK
Stick to Not change. TO the original plan despite the criticism
in the media.
I STUCK TO the path and didn't take the
Stick to Restrict or limit and not change.
shortcut.
Stick If we don't STICK TOGETHER, things
Support each other. will be much worse for all of us- we need
together
some unity.
The static electricity made my hair
Stick up Stand on end.
STICK UP.
They STUCK the bank UP and stole tens
Stick up Rob using weapons.
of thousands.
You have to STICK UP FOR yourself
Stick up for Support or defend.
here, because no one will back you.
We'd better STICK WITH our original
Stick with Not change something.
idea.
He told the children to STICK WITH him
Stick with Stay near someone.
in the station.
The details have STUCK WITH me ever
Stick with Not be forgotten.
since.
Continue with something difficult or I STUCK WITH the job though I found it
Stick with
unpleasant. very stressful.
Stiffen up Become rigid. My back STIFFENS UP in cold weather.
They used starch to STIFFEN the collars
Stiffen up Make something rigid.
UP.
He STIRRED things UP by complaining
Stir up Make trouble for someone else. to senior management about his line
manager.
Stitch up Sew something so that it is closed. I STITCHED UP the hole in my sleeve.
We get the contract STITCHED UP this
Stitch up Finalise a deal.
week.
The police STITCHED them UP because
Cheat someone or make them look guilty
Stitch up they couldn't find any evidence against
when they aren't.
them.
He lost his temper and STOMPED OFF
Stomp off Leave somewhere angrily.
home.
Stomp on Treat badly or defeat. They STOMP ON their competitors.
Why don't you STOP AROUND my
Stop around Visit someone for a short time..
place on your way back?
I'll STOP BACK this afternoon when
Stop back Return somewhere.
you're free.
I STOPPED BEHIND at the end of the
Stop behind Stay somewhere when other people leave.
lecture to ask a couple of questions.
I must STOP BY the supermarket and
Stop by Visit somewhere briefly or quickly.
pick up some things for dinner.
I was feeling tired so I STOPPED IN last
Stop in Stay at home.
night.
Stop in Visit briefly. I STOPPED IN at my aunt's after work.
We STOPPED OFF for lunch about
Stop off Break a journey.
halfway there, then carried on driving.
Be out late, especially when you are Her parents were annoyed because she
Stop out
expected home. STOPPED OUT all night.
I STOPPED OVER in Bangkok for a
Stop over Stay somewhere when on a journey. couple of days on my way back from
Tokyo.
I STOPPED UP last night watching the
Stop up Stay up late.
film.
Stop up Fill or block something. I STOPPED UP the bottle with a cork.
Storm off Leave a place angrily. They had a row and he STORMED OFF.
He lost his temper and STORMED OUT
Storm out Leave a place angrily. OF the bar. (If you don't mention the
place, you can just say 'He stormed out')
Hide in a vehicle to travel without people She STOWED AWAY on the plane but
Stow away
knowing. was caught when it landed.
We STOWED it AWAY in the garage to
Stow away Store something in a safe place.
keep it dry.
Straighten I'm always having to STRAIGHTEN
Make something straight. OUT the wires connected to my
out
computer.
Straighten I had to STRAIGHTEN OUT things after
Deal with a problem.
out the mess they had made.
Straighten Make clear and resolve. There are a few issues I'd like to
out STRAIGHTEN OUT first.
Straighten Improve someone's behaviour. Starting work has STRAIGHTENED him
out OUT and calmed him down.
Straighten Stand straight. She STRAIGHTENED UP when her boss
up walked in.
Straighten Tidy. I STRAIGHTENED UP the room before
up they arrived.
Attack, take action against someone who At first, he ignored them, but when things
Strike back
has hurt you. got very serious, he STRUCK BACK.
A hitman STRUCK him DOWN as he
entered the building.(This verb is often
Strike down Kill.
used in the passive- He was struck down
as he entered the building.)
I was STRUCK DOWN with food
Strike down Make someone ill. poisoning.(This verb is mostly used in the
passive.)
The Appeal Court STRUCK DOWN the
Strike down Disallow a law, decision, etc.
lower court's ruling.
Remove someone's professional licence to The Medical Council STRUCK him OFF
Strike off
practise. for malpractice.
I STRUCK ON the solution when I was
Strike on Have a good idea.
out with my dog.
After doing the same job for five years, I
Strike out Start doing something new and different. decided to STRIKE OUT and change
careers.
Strike out Try to hit someone. When he pushed me, I STRUCK OUT.
We got up early and STRUCK OUT for
Strike out Start going towards a place.
our final destination.
As they arrived, I STRUCK their names
Strike out Cross writing out.
OUT on the list I had.
I tried to get the government to support us
Strike out Fail.
but I STRUCK OUT.
He STRUCK UP a conversation with me
Strike up Start (conversation, relationship).
in the bar.
The band STRUCK UP and everyone
Strike up Start performing music.
turned to listen.
It took us a long time to STRIKE UPON
Strike upon Have a good idea.
a solution.
They kept saying they were interested,
String along Deceive someone for a long time. but they were just STRINGING me
ALONG
Accompany someone because you haven't Is it alright if I STRING ALONG with
String along
got anything better to do. you tonight?
There was half an hour to go, so I
String out Make something last as long as possible. STRUNG the questions OUT as long as I
could.
String I was so nervous in the interview that I
Put words together into a coherent text. could hardly STRING a sentence
together
TOGETHER.
The rebels STRUNG the soldiers UP after
String up Hang somebody.
they captured them.
He STUBBED his cigarette OUT in a
Stub out Extinguish a cigarette. saucer because he couldn't find an
ashtray.
Stuff up Make a mistake, do badly, spoil. I STUFFED the exam UP.
Stumble You'll never guess what I STUMBLED
Find something accidentally.
across ACROSS when I was packing my stuff.
Stumble I STUMBLED UPON these photos when
Find something accidentally.
upon I was clearing my room up.
He didn't want to pay me back, but I got
Stump up Pay for something.
him to STUMP UP in the end.
Become involved in something Everyone around her was taking drugs
Suck in
unpleasant. and she got SUCKED IN.
Become involved in something
Suck into The country got SUCKED INTO the war.
unpleasant.
He is always SUCKING UP to try to get
Suck up Try to ingratiate yourself.
the boss's approval.
Suck up to Ingratiate yourself with someone. He's always SUCKING UP TO our boss.
Get dressed or put on a uniform for an They SUITED UP and went to the
Suit up
activity or task. interview
At the end of the lecture, she SUMMED
Sum up Summarise.
UP the main points again.
Get the energy or courage to do Andrea couldn't SUMMON UP the
Summon up
something. enthusiasm to apply for the position.
It took her ages to SUSS OUT what was
Suss out Come to understand.
going on.
Swan about Move in a dramatic or affected manner. He SWANNED ABOUT at the party.
Swan She SWANNED AROUND trying to
Move in a dramatic or affected manner.
around impress people.
Enter in a dramatic or attention-seeking He SWANNED IN surrounded by
Swan in
manner. photographers.
Leave somewhere in a defiant or pompous He didn't like the way the spoke to him so
Swan off
manner. he SWANNED OFF angrily.
I SWEAR BY their products- they're the
Swear by Have great confidence in.
best on the market.
He SWORE DOWN that he hadn't done
Swear down Promise that something is true.
it.
Sweep
Pass easily, succeed. She SWEPT THROUGH the exams.
through
Sweep The disease SWEPT THROUGH the
Move quickly through.
through population.
Swing They SWUNG AROUND to our idea
Change your opinion quickly.
around after reading the press reports.
Swing He SWUNG ROUND to see what had
Turn around quickly.
around made the noise.
Swing at Try to hit. He SWUNG AT me but missed.
Visit a person or place on your way I will SWING BY this afternoon and pick
Swing by
somewhere. you up.
Swing They were against it at first then SWUNG
Change your opinion quickly.
round ROUND and supported it.
Swing
Turn around quickly. She SWUNG ROUND and greeted them.
round
Take business, support or votes from The candidate SYPHONED OFF a lot of
Syphon off
someone. votes because of his anti-war stance.
The minister had been SYPHONING
Syphon off Divert money illegally.
OFF funds from his department for years.
They TACKED ON a new ending to the
Tack on Add something that wasn't planned. film when they found that test audiences
didn't like the original.
Add or attach something that wasn't I TACKED a quick message ONTO the
Tack onto
planned to something. end of the letter after I'd printed it.
Accompany someone, especially if they You're off to the cinema; can we TAG
Tag along
haven't specifically invited you. ALONG?
Add an additional point to something He TAGGED ON a few comments after
Tag on
written or spoken. reading my report.
Add an additional point to something He TAGGED his ideas ONTO the end of
Tag onto
written or spoken. my report.
Add a keyword link or bookmark to a blog
Tag with The post was TAGGED WITH keywords.
entry or webpage.
His voice TAILED AWAY when he was
Tail away Become silent or inaudible.
speaking about what he'd done wrong.
The traffic TAILED BACK for several
Tail back Form a traffic jam.
miles after the accident.
The voices TAILED OFF when she
Tail off Become silent or inaudible.
entered.
Profits TAILED OFF sharply in the last
Tail off Decrease. quarter of the year as a result of the
increase in the price of oil.
Take after Look like, resemble. He TAKES AFTER his mother.
She TOOK the photocopier APART to see
Take apart Take something to pieces.
what had got stuck in it.
The teacher TOOK her ASIDE and said
Take aside Get someone alone to talk to them.
that she'd failed the exam.
Take away Remove. The police TOOK the protestors AWAY.
That song always TAKES me BACK to
Take back Make someone nostalgic.
when I was at university.
I had to TAKE BACK everything bad I'd
Retract a statement, admit that something
Take back said about them when I learned how
was wrong.
they'd helped out.
The police TOOK DOWN his answers to
Take down Make notes or write down in full.
their questions.
People TAKE DOWN their Christmas
Take down Remove.
decorations twelve days after Christmas.
The lecture was rather boring and I didn't
Take in Absorb information.
TAKE IN much of what the lecturer said.
She TOOK me IN with her story until
Take in Deceive.
someone told me the truth.
The jacket was far too big around the
Take in Make clothes smaller. shoulders, so I had it TAKEN IN so that I
could wear it.
The family TOOK IN the three homeless
Take in Assume care or support.
kittens.
He's good at criticising others, but can't
Take it Accept criticism.
TAKE IT himself.
Take it out Whenever things go wrong, he always
Abuse someone because you're angry. shouts and TAKES IT OUT ON me, even
on
if I had nothing to do with the problem.
Take it
Take responsibility, often without I TOOK IT UPON MYSELF to make
upon
consulting other people. sure he got up on time.
yourself
The software house really TOOK OFF
Take off Make great progress. when they produced the latest version of
their DTP package.
They've TAKEN ten percent OFF
Take off Reduce the price of an item.
designer frames for glasses.
When a plane departs or leaves the The flight for Dublin TOOK OFF on
Take off
ground. time.
Take off Remove. It was hot, so I TOOK my jacket OFF.
The plane stopped at Zurich to TAKE ON
Take on Allow passengers on a ship or plane.
some passengers.
Take on Assume a responsibility. She TOOK ON the task of indexing the
book.
The council has had to TAKE ON twenty
Take on Employ. extra employees to handle their increased
workload.
I TOOK OUT all the books I needed for
Take out Borrow a library book.
my essay from the library.
Borrow money from a bank or other Jackie and Anil TOOK OUT a mortgage
Take out
official lender. to buy a bigger flat.
The dentist TOOK OUT all of my
Take out Extract or remove. wisdom teeth before they started causing
any problems.
Go out socially with someone, especially a He TOOK her OUT to a restaurant last
Take out
date. Friday night.
I TOOK OUT some health insurance
Take out Obtain insurance. before I went backpacking around Latin
America.
The gang TOOK him OUT after he spoke
Take out Kill, murder.
to the police.
The bank was TAKEN OVER by a Hong
Assume control of a company or
Take over Kong bank that needed to buy a bank to
organisation.
get into the British market.
Start a job or position that someone had She TOOK OVER responsibility for the
Take over
occupied before you. project last month.
Take He TOOK me THROUGH the procedures
Explain something to someone.
through before we started.
He's TAKEN TO wearing a baseball cap
Take to Make a habit of something. since his hair started thinning more
noticeably.
An awful lot of my time at work is
Take up Fill or occupy time or space. TAKEN UP with pointless bureaucracy
nowadays.
The trousers were too long so I TOOK
Take up Make clothes shorter.
them UP to make them fit.
He TOOK UP squash as he felt he had to
Take up Start a new hobby, pastime, etc..
lose some weight.
He TALKED them AROUND to
Talk around Persuade.
accepting his point of view.
Talk about a problem or issue without They TALKED AROUND the issue
Talk around
really dealing with it. without reaching a conclusion.
Talk to someone and not give them a There's no point trying to convince them-
Talk at they'll just TALK AT you until you give
chance to reply or listen to them.
up.
The teacher was cross because the pupil
Talk back Respond rudely to a person in authority.
TALKED BACK to her.
Try to make something sound less The company CEO TALKED DOWN the
Talk down
important. recent fall in shares.
Talk down Persuade someone not to jump off a high A man was threatening to jump off the
place to kill themselves. building but the police TALKED him
DOWN.
She's a dreadful teacher and TALKS
Talk down Talk in a way to show your superiority not
DOWN TO her students instead of
to communicate.
teaching them.
She didn't want to let me go, but I finally
Talk into Persuade someone to do something.
managed to TALK her INTO it.
Discuss a problem or issue to find a They had a meeting to TALK OUT how
Talk out
solution. people felt.
He was going to drive home after
Talk out of Persuade someone not to do something. drinking half a bottle of wine, but his
friends TALKED him OUT OF it.
We TALKED OVER the problems in our
Talk over Discuss.
relationship, but couldn't sort things out.
She TALKED them AROUND to
Talk round Persuade.
accepting her point of view.
Talk about a problem or issue without WE TALKED ROUND the issue but
Talk round
really dealing with it. didn't reach a conclusion.
Talk The teacher TALKED me THROUGH
Guide someone through an issue.
through the test so I knew what to expect.
Make something appear more important or The government are trying to TALK UP
Talk up
significant than it really is. the effect of their policies.
Talk He TALKED himself OUT after a couple
Talk until you have nothing left to say.
yourself out of hours and calmed down.
Tap for Get money off someone. I TAPPED him FOR a loan.
Use or exploit a plentiful resource for your The company is hoping to TAP INTO the
Tap into
benefit. Chinese market.
He TAPPED OFF WITH someone at the
Tap off with Have sex with.
party on Saturday.
He TAPPED OUT the tune with his
Tap out Play a rhythm quietly.
pencil while he was thinking.
How can we buy a new house without
Tap out Use all the money available.
TAPPING OUT our savings account.
Approach a footballer illegally to get them Chelsea were accused of TAPPING him
Tap up
to change teams. UP even though he was under contract.
Work with someone or a group to achieve
Team up They TEAMED UP to publicise the issue.
something.
People were TORN APART when news
Tear apart Disturb or upset greatly.
of the train crash came through.
Tear at Pull or try to pull something to pieces. The fighters TORE AT each other.
Stop someone doing something I had to TEAR him AWAY from the
Tear away
unwillingly. office for dinner.
The roof was TORN AWAY in the
Tear away Remove a surface violently.
hurricane.
The estate was TORN DOWN so that
Tear down Demolish. they could develop the land into luxury
flats.
Tear into Criticise strongly or angrily. She TORE INTO me for losing it.
Remove part of a form or letter using your She TORE the slip OFF the bottom of the
Tear off
hands, not scissors. form and sent it with her cheque.
The police TORE OFF in their car after
Tear off Leave at high speed.
arresting her.
Tear off Remove with force. The storm TORE the roof OFF.
The sheriff TORE OUT after the escaping
Tear out Depart rapidly.
criminals.
He TORE the fax UP and threw the bits
Tear up Rip into pieces.
of paper in the bin.
They are TEARING UP the old part of
Tear up Destroy.
town to build a new shopping centre.
After hearing the tragic news he
Tear up Have eyes fill with tears.
TEARED UP and could hardly speak.
The new project will TEE OFF next
Tee off Start or launch an event.
month.
Place a golf ball on a short plastic or
Tee off wooden stick before hitting it at the start He TEED OFF at the first hole.
of a hole..
Tee off Annoy someone. It TEES me OFF when they turn up late.
She TEED OFF ON me about the work I
Tee off on Criticise.
gave her.
Place a golf ball on a short plastic or
She TEED UP two strokes ahead at the
Tee up wooden stick before hitting it at the start
last hole.
of a hole..
Make preparations before starting or They are TEEING UP for the conference
Tee up
launching something. tomorrow.
They're identical twins so I cannot TELL
Tell apart See a difference between two things.
them APART.
Chide; talk angrily to someone about His fiancée TOLD him OFF for arriving
Tell off
something they've done wrong.. nearly an hour late.
The pupil TOLD ON the others for
Tell on Report someone to an authority.
cheating and the teacher failed them.
Cancel an appointment by sending a text I was feeling too tired to go and TEXTED
Text out
message. OUT.
I've THOUGHT it OVER and have made
Think over Consider something carefully. up my mind; I'm going to take the job in
Leeds.
Think Consider all the possibilities and outcomes The plan fell through because they hadn't
through of a situation. THOUGHT it THROUGH properly.
Create or invent something, especially I'd better THINK UP a good reason for
Think up
when lying. handing the work in late.
Throw Discard something when no longer I THREW the alarm clock AWAY
away needed. because it had stopped working.
May I THROW IN with you? My
Throw in Join, accompany.
companions left me behind.
They THREW IN a printer so I bought it
Throw in Add something to a deal.
from them.
I THREW OFF my shoes and flopped on
Throw off Remove item of clothing quickly.
the settee.
Throw off Get rid of. It took me ages to THROW OFF the cold.
Throw off Produce light or heat. The lamp THROWS OFF a lot of heat.
I THREW ON a jacket and rushed
Throw on Put clothes on quickly.
outside.
I THREW OUT all my old clothes to
Throw out Get rid of.
make some space in my wardrobe.
Edward slipped on the ice and THREW
Throw out Dislocate.
OUT his shoulder.
The committee THREW the proposal
Throw out Reject.
OUT.
Throw out Produce heat, fumes. The car THROWS OUT a lot of smoke.
The school THREW him OUT for
Throw out Expel.
smoking.
Throw over End a relationship with someone. She THREW me OVER last year.
Throw over Reject, refuse to accept. They THREW OVER the agreement.
Throw I THREW a quick dinner TOGETHER
Make or arrange quickly.
together before we left.
The prawns she ate at lunch made her
Throw up Vomit. THROW UP and she had to go home
early.
The talks THREW UP some interesting
Throw up Produce problems, results, ideas, etc.
possibilities.
Throw up Leave a job or position suddenly. She THREW UP her job to go travelling.
The road was bumpy and the car in front
Create clouds of dust or splash water into was THROWING UP so much dust that
Throw up
the air. we could hardly see where we were
going.
Throw Make it clear you are sexually attracted to He THREW HIMSELF AT her but she
yourself at someone. wasn't interested.
Throw Do something enthusiastically or
yourself She THREW herself INTO the project.
energetically.
into
Make reasonable progress without any Things are TICKING ALONG at work
Tick along
serious problems. while the director's away.
The last few seconds TICKED AWAY
Tick away Pass (of time).
and the team couldn't come back.
The seconds TICKED BY and the team
Tick by Pass (of time).
failed to score.
She really TICKS me OFF when she
Tick off Annoy.
doesn't reply to my emails.
Tick off Scold. He TICKED me OFF for arriving late.
Put a mark on an item in a list when it has She TICKED OFF our names when we
Tick off
been dealt with. arrived.
The company TICKED OVER while she
Tick over Continue working, but without improving.
was away on holiday.
The mechanic left the engine TICKING
Tick over Operate but without moving (engines). OVER for a while to see if he could see
what was causing the problem.
Use something carefully so as not to finish This £50 will have to TIDE me OVER
Tide over
it. until I get paid.
I TIDIED UP my bedroom because it was
Tidy up Put things in the correct place in a room.
a complete mess.
She TIED her hair BACK before playing
Tie back Fasten or secure so that it doesn't obstruct.
tennis.
They TIED him DOWN to stop him
Tie down Secure something to prevent it moving.
escaping.
Tie down Remove or restrict freedom. Marriage TIES you DOWN.
Stop people (often police or military) The army were TIED DOWN with the
Tie down
going where they are needed. rebellion and couldn't help.
The theory TIES IN with what the police
Tie in Agree, be connected or support.
have been saying.
He is TIED IN somehow with the crime
Tie in Associate with.
syndicate.
The publication TIES IN WITH the
Tie in with Occur at the same time.
twentieth anniversary of the incident.
They TIED UP the hostages so that they
Tie up Tie or fasten something securely.
couldn't escape.
Tie up Stop someone doing something. Work has TIED me UP all week.
Tie up Fasten. I TIED UP my shoelaces.
The convoy TIED UP the road for an
Tie up Block a road, etc.
hour.
Make something more secure or function They're TIGHTENING UP security for
Tighten up
better. the president's visit.
The program TIMED OUT before I could
Time out End or close because of a time limit.
reply.
End or close something because of a time The program TIMED me OUT after
Time out
limit. twenty minutes.
The police arrested the drug dealer after
Tip off Secretly inform the police or authorities.
someone TIPPED them OFF.
I TIPPED my coffee OVER and ruined
Tip over Spill, make something fall on its side.
my keyboard.
She soon TIRED OF the course and
Tire of Get bored of something.
dropped out.
Tire out Make someone exhausted. Working so much TIRES me OUT.
It's geting late, so I'm going to TODDLE
Toddle off Leave, go home.
OFF home.
The Minister tried to TONE DOWN what
Tone down Make something sound more moderate. she had said when the press started
attacking her.
The company spent a lot on TOOLING
Tool up Provide equipment.
the factory UP.
The gangsters got TOOLED UP before
Tool up Arm yourself or somebody.
they went into the club.
It's getting late, so we're going to
Tootle off Leave, depart.
TOOTLE OFF home.
He complained for an hour and to TOP it
Top off Finish something in a special way.
OFF started shouting his head off.
The temperature TOPPED OUT at forty
Top out Stop increasing, reach the highest point.
degrees yesterday.
Shall I TOP UP your drink while I'm
Top up Refill something that isn't empty yet.
pouring myself one?
Discuss something freely and openly, but WE TOSSED ideas ABOUT before the
Toss about
not very seriously. negotiations.
Discuss something freely and openly, but We TOSSED their plan AROUND a bit
Toss around
not very seriously. and then rejected it.
Toss back Drink quickly. I TOSSED BACK my beer and left.
I TOSSED a couple of drinks DOWN
Toss down Drink quickly.
before they arrived.
Make a decision by throwing a coin and
Toss for We TOSSED FOR who would start.
seeing which side lands face up.
I TOSSED OFF the essay the night before
Toss off Write something quickly and carelessly.
I had to hand it in.
Decide something by throwing a coin and We TOSSED UP to see who would kick
Toss up
seeing which side lands face up.. off.
The plane TOUCHED DOWN at Narita
Touch down Land (planes).
airport an hour late.
I TOUCHED him FOR some cash as I'd
Touch for Borrow money.
forgotten my cards.
The government's decision TOUCHED
Touch off Cause a problem to occur.
OFF riots in the capital.
The talk TOUCHED ON the issue, but
Touch on Mention.
didn't give any new information.
I couldn't be bothered to redecorate, so I
Touch up Improve the appearance of something. just TOUCHED UP the bits that needed
painting the most.
She got angry when he tried to TOUCH
Touch up Touch someone in a sexual way.
her UP in the elevator.
They didn't TOUCH UPON the subject
Touch upon Mention.
because of the controversy.
Remove a vehicle, especially if parked I parked in a no-parking zone and they
Tow away
illegally. TOWED my car AWAY.
Pretend to think about or think about in a She TOYED AT getting them to help her
Toy at
casual way. but then did it alone.
I TOYED OVER the idea for a while, but
Toy over Think about something.
decided not to go ahead with it.
It was horrible, so I just TOYED WITH
Toy with Not eat much of a meal.
the food.
Toy with Consider something, but not very We TOYED WITH the idea of moving to
seriously. the country, but it isn't really practical.
Move or play with something to occupy
Toy with He TOYED WITH his cup.
your hands.
He thought she loved him but she was
Toy with Treat insincerely.
just TOYING WITH him.
It took me ages to TRACK them DOWN
Track down Find after a long search.
in the crowd at the football game.
Their house it too large now that their
Sell something and replace it with
Trade down children have left home, so they're going
something cheaper.
to TRADE DOWN to something smaller.
Exchange something old as part of the She TRADED IN her old car for the new
Trade in
price of something new. model.
Leave your wife or husband to marry He TRADED IN his wife when he
Trade in
someone younger. became the chairman.
A longer working week was TRADED
Trade off Bargain, make a deal or compromise.
OFF for a pay rise.
Accept something you don't really want to We had to TRADE OFF space for the
Trade off
get something you do want. location when buying the apartment.
He TRADES ON their insecurity to get
Trade on Exploit, use something to your advantage.
his way.
British wine drinkers have TRADED UP
Trade up Buy larger or more expensive items. over the last few years from cheap plonk
to expensive wines.
Leave your wife or husband and marry She supported him for years while he was
Trade up struggling, but when he hit the big time
someone better looking, richer, etc.
he left her and TRADED UP.
They TRADE UPON their reputation to
Trade upon Exploit, use to your advantage.
scare rivals.
Teach someone the specific skills they will I have been TRAINING my new assistant
Train up
need to carry out a job or task. UP.
Trickle Pass benefits from economic expansion Despite the economic boom, few benefits
down through the economy to the less fortunate. have TRICKLED DOWN to the poor.
Be under the influence of psychoactive After taking the LSD he TRIPPED OUT
Trip out
drugs. for hours.
Trip over Fall. I TRIPPED OVER and hurt my knee.
I TRIPPED OVER the kerb and broke my
Trip over Fall because you hit an obstacle.
nose.
I TRIPPED UP in the interview when
Trip up Make a mistake. they asked me about what I could offer
the company.
The meeting was over so I TROTTED
Trot off Leave.
OFF.
Trot off to Go somewhere. I TROTTED OFF TO see the dentist.
The spokeswoman TROTTED OUT the
Trot out Make a statement (meant negatively).
same old unconvincing excuses.
The police TRUMPED UP the charges
Trump up Charge or accuse someone falsely. against him and he ended up in prison
though he hadn't done it.
I called but they weren't in, so I'll TRY
Try back Phone back.
BACK later.
Try for Make an attempt to get something. I'm going to TRY FOR the job.
Provoke someone by being annoying or The children were TRYING IT ON all
Try it on
behaving badly. night until I lost my temper.
Attempt to get something, usually by He knew I wasn't got to let him do it- he
Try it on
deceit, without great hopes of success. was just TRYING IT ON.
Try on Put clothes on to see if they fit. I TRIED the jacket ON before I bought it.
Scientists are TRYING OUT a new drug
Try out Test.
in the fight against the disease.
Test something to see if you like it or want I TRIED OUT the program before I
Try out
to buy it. bought it.
Try out for Be tested for a sports team. He TRIED OUT FOR the baseball team.
I TUCKED the money AWAY in my
Tuck away Put something in a safe place.
drawer.
We TUCKED AWAY a huge dinner
Tuck away Eat a lot.
before we went out.
Tidy the ends of items of clothing by
Tuck in I forgot to TUCK my shirt IN.
placing them inside something.
The dinner smelled so good I couldn't
Tuck in Start eating enthusiastically.
wait to TUCK IN.
Arrange the sheets, duvet or blankets to
Tuck in make someone, usually a child, He TUCKED her IN and read her a story.
comfortable in bed.
I was starving and TUCKED INTO the
Tuck into Start eating something.
food.
Arrange the sheets, duvet or blankets to
She TUCKED her children UP in bed and
Tuck up make someone, usually a child,
switched the lights off.
comfortable in bed.
Be sure to TUNE IN next week for the
Tune in Watch or listen to a TV or radio show.
next episode.
Watch or listen to a TV or radio Make sure you TUNE IN TO next week's
Tune in to
programme. show.
I TUNED him OUT because he was
Tune out Ignore, not pay attention.
talking such rubbish.
Improve the performance of a machine or
Tune up He's TUNED his car UP for the race.
engine.
The orchestra TUNED UP their
Tune up Tune a musical instrument before playing.
instruments before the concert.
Turn The public TURNED AGAINST the
Stop liking and start disliking. government when they became arrogant
against
and ceased to listen.
The doorman TURNED him AWAY from
Turn away Not allow someone to enter a place. the nightclub because he was wearing
trainers.
The room was too hot, so she TURNED
Turn down Reduce volume, temperature, etc..
the heating DOWN.
They offered her the job, but she
Turn down Reject an offer, invitation, etc..
TURNED it DOWN.
The hotel staff TURNED DOWN the bed
Fold the top covers of a bed down to make
Turn down and scattered flower petals on it while we
it ready for someone to go to sleep.
was having dinner.
I TURNED IN at half past eleven because
Turn in Go to bed.
I had an early start the next morning.
Turn in Hand in, submit. She TURNED IN her paper.
Turn into Become. Tadpoles TURN INTO frogs.
Turn off Stop a machine. I TURNED the TV OFF and went to bed.
Cause someone to feel attraction or
Turn on He really TURNS me ON.
pleasure.
I TURNED the radio ON to get the
Turn on Start a machine.
weather forecast.
The neighbour's dog TURNED ON me
Turn on Attack.
when I tried to stroke it.
The factory TURNS OUT three thousand
Turn out Produce.
units a day.
It looked as if we were going to fail, but it
Turn out Produce an unexpected result.
TURNED OUT well in the end.
She TURNED OUT the lights and went
Turn out Stop a light.
to bed.
Thousand TURNED OUT for the
Turn out Attend.
demonstration.
The court ordered the company to TURN
Turn over Give to the authorities.
OVER their financial records.
She had nobody to TURN TO when her
Turn to Try to get help.
husband died.
He TURNED TO drink after he lost his
Turn to Take up a habit.
job.
Turn up Appear. She didn't TURN UP for class today.
Turn up Increase volume, temperature, etc.. I TURNED the music UP full blast.
Type in Enter computer data or text. He TYPED the text IN and printed it off.
Write a full or finished version of a text on She TYPED her essay OUT and handed it
Type out
a computer. in a the last minute.
She TYPED UP her lecture notes and
Type up Type a finished version.
printed them out.
Urge on Encourage. The crowd URGED the players ON.
Urge on Persuade or pressure to accept something. They URGED the deal ON the company.
Urge upon Persuade or pressure to accept something. They URGED the contract UPON us.
Use up Finish or consume all of something. We USED UP all the olive oil.
Be at, mark or celebrate an important point We always give a party USHER IN the
Usher in
in time. NEW YEAR.
Her appointment as CEO USHERED IN
Usher in Make important changes happen. a whole new phase in the company's
growth.
Vacuum up Consume. He VACUUMED UP all of the food.
Make something more exciting, attractive, The place is dull and you need to VAMP
Vamp up
etc. it UP.
I had to VAMP UP a reason for being so
Vamp up Invent, maker up, improvise.
late.
I'm going to VEG OUT in front of the TV
Veg out Relax, do nothing.
tonight.
Venture If the storm has finished, we could
Leave somewhere safe or comfortable.
forth VENTURE FORTH.
Start something or get involved, often He just WADED IN without listening to
Wade in
without thinking or to forcefully. what anyone had to say.
The hooligans WADED IN when they
Wade in Attack.
saw fans from the other team.
Become embroiled or involved in a
They WADED INTO the negotiations and
Wade into situation, without thinking or planning
the deal collapsed.
usually.
Wade Get to the end of something with It took me ages to WADE THROUGH the
through difficulty. book.
I WAITED ABOUT for an hour, but they
Wait about Wait somewhere doing nothing.
didn't come.
Wait They were just WAITING AROUND to
Wait somewhere doing nothing.
around see if anything was going to happen.
Stay somewhere after other people have I WAITED BEHIND to ask the lecturer a
Wait behind
left. question.
Stay at home because someone is going to
Wait in I WAITED IN for the guy to fix the TV.
visit.
They have two people WAITING ON
Wait on Serve people in a restaurant.
each table.
He WAITS ON customers in an
Wait on Sell goods in a shop.
electronics store.
Provide someone with everything they
Wait on He has a butler who WAITS ON him.
need or want.
Wait for a result before being able to make They're WAITING ON the results of the
Wait on
a decision. vote before taking a final decision.
Wait till something has finished, usually
Wait out We'll have to WAIT OUT this uncertainty.
something unpleasant.
I was worried and WAITED UP until they
Wait up Not go to bed because you are waiting.
got home safe and sound.
Wait up! Stop (imperative). Wait up! I need to talk to you.
They used to have servants WAITING
Wait upon Provide someone with what they require.
UPON them.
They must WAIT UPON the outcome of
Wait for a result before being able to make
Wait upon the match before they know who they'll
a decision.
be playing.
Wake up Stop sleeping. I WOKE UP at half past six this morning.
Walk away You can't just WALK AWAY FROM your
Leave something you don't like.
from problems.
Walk away Win easily. She WALKED AWAY WITH the first
with prize.
Walk back They declined to WALK BACK FROM
Retract a statement.
from their comments despite the controversy.
Enter somewhere unexpectedly and see He WALKED IN ON them planning to
Walk in on
something. sack him.
He WALKED INTO a great job straight
Walk into Get work without effort.
after university.
You WALKED INTO that one [You
Be unaware of the presence of something
became victim to a trap I set]orI
Walk into and either enter it (a trap) or bump into it
WALKED INTO a door and broke my
(an obstruction).
nose.
Go for a walk to reduce the effects of an
Walk off I tried to WALK OFF my hangover.
illness or bad feeling.
Walk off
Win easily. He WALKED OFF WITH the award.
with
Walk off Take something without permission or Someone WALKED OFF WITH my
with steal. umbrella so I got soaked.
I saw the accident but just WALKED ON
Walk on Continue walking. as I didn't want to have to give a
statement.
Leave work because of a dispute with the The workers WALKED OUT because the
Walk out felt that safety wasn't being handled
management.
correctly.
Leave a place angrily or because you are The film was a bore so I WALKED OUT
Walk out
not satisfied. halfway through.
Walk out on Leave somebody angrily. He WALKED OUT ON his wife last year.
Walk Explain or demonstrate something He WALKED me THROUGH the
through carefully to someone. procedures.
A man WALKED UP and asked me the
Walk up Go to someone.
time.
Waltz She WALTZED THROUGH the tests and
Pass or succeed easily.
through got the highest score.
Leave a place, usually without telling She WANDERED OFF and got lost in the
Wander off
other people. crowd.
The lecture was boring and my mind
Wander off Stop paying attention.
WANDERED OFF after ten minutes.
Want to leave a relationship or Jackie wasn't happy with her marriage
Want out
arrangement. and WANTED OUT.
The team WARMED UP half an hour
Warm up Do exercises before a sport.
before the volleyball match.
When floods or waves completely remove The ice cream stall on the beach was
Wash away
a structure, building, etc.. WASHED AWAY in the storm last night.
I WASHED the antibiotics DOWN with a
Wash down Drink in order to swallow something solid.
glass of water.
Rain so heavily that an event has to be The rain WASHED OUT the
Wash out
cancelled. championship final.
He felt numb as grief WASHED OVER
Wash over Suddenly experience a strong emotion.
him.
Clean everything used to prepare food and
Wash up The children WASHED UP after lunch.
eat it.
When something in the sea or river is left After the crash, several bodies WASHED
Wash up
on the shore or bank. UP on the beach.
Be sure you and the kids WASH UP
Wash up Wash face and hands.
before dinner.
Become very thin and weak, usually due He WASTED AWAY as the cancer got
Waste away
to illness. worse.
Watch out Be careful (imperative). Watch out- there's ice on the road.
Watch out WATCH OUT FOR bats in the caves;
Be careful of something.
for many have rabies.
Keep an eye on something or someone to The lecturer WATCHED OVER the
Watch over
check that there's no trouble. students as they did the experiment.
The Freedom of Information Act was
Make something weaker and less WATERED DOWN by the Government
Water down
effective. and didn't give ordinary people much
access to official data files
Ignore or refuse to consider what someone They WAVED ASIDE our objections and
Wave aside
says. carried on with the plan.
They WAVED the van DOWN and got a
Wave down Make a hand signal to stop a vehicle.
lift after the accident.
Go to a place where someone is leaving to
Wave off We WAVED her OFF at the station.
wave goodbye.
Make a hand signal to tell someone to The accident was bad, but the police
Wave on
keep moving. WAVED us ON.
We will have to WEAN him OFF his
Wean off Slowly stop a dependency on something.
obsession.
The lawn has been WORN AWAY by
Wear away Erode, remove gradually. people walking across it and it's just bare
soil now with hardly a blade of grass.
The stress of my job is WEARING me
Wear down Make something weaker.
DOWN.
The anaesthetic WORE OFF and my
Wear off Stop having an effect.
tooth started hurting.
She played the video so many times that
Wear out Use something until it stops working.
she WORE the tape OUT.
The company WEEDED OUT the
Weed out Remove, get rid of.
unsuccessful sales reps.
Weigh down The requirements of her new job
Burden with responsibilities, duties, etc.
on WEIGHED DOWN ON her.
Have a certain weight (in sports like The champion WEIGHED IN at 120
Weigh in
boxing). kilos.
He disliked the plan and WEIGHED IN
Weigh in Enter an argument forcefully.
with some heavy criticism.
Enter an argument or discussion to express She WEIGHED IN ON their immigration
Weigh in on
a strongly felt idea. policies.
The issues raised WEIGHED ON her
Weigh on Make someone consider carefully.
mind.
Measure a certain amount of something by Could you WEIGH OUT 200 grammes of
Weigh out
weight. that for me?
They WEIGHED the pros and cons UP
Weigh up Assess.
carefully before deciding.
The way he spoke was WEIRDING me
Weird out Disturb, cause concern or worry.
OUT.
I felt tears WELLING UP when I heard
Well up Feel tears starting.
the news.
Anger WELLED UP inside us when we
Well up Feel an emotion strongly.
saw what they had done.
Experience an emotion or feeling, start to Tears WELLED UP when I heard they
Well up
cry. had died.
When he heard the whistle, he
Wheel Turn quickly and face in the opposite
WHEELED AROUND to see what was
around direction.
happening.
Use something like an explanation that has
They WHEELED OUT the same old
Wheel out been used many times before and has lost
excuses last time this happened.
its impact.
Wheel Turn quickly and face in the opposite She WHEELED ROUND when he told
round direction. her to stop.
Spend time doing something because you We WHILED a couple of hours AWAY
While away
have nothing better to do. playing computer games.
Ben WHIPPED INTO the convenience
Whip into Enter rapidly (as for a brief errand).
store for a bag of crisps.
The police officer WHIPPED OUT her
Whip out Remove quickly.
radio and called for back-up.
Lola WHIPPED OUT OF a side street
Whip out of Exit rapidly. without looking and broadsided a police
car.
Whip
Do something quickly. She WHIPPED THROUGH the task.
through
We got back late and WHIPPED UP
Whip up Make food quickly.
dinner.
Mix liquid food quickly to make it thick
Whip up I WHIPPED UP the egg whites.
and creamy.
Make people feel more strongly about The boss tried to WHIP UP some support
Whip up
something. for her new policies.
The police WHISKED the minister
Whisk away Take to another place quickly.
AWAY when the trouble started.
Use correction fluid to cover a mistake in Could you pass the Tippex? I need to
White out
a written text. WHITE this mistake OUT.
He WIGGED OUT when he heard that he
Wig out Become excited and lose control.
had failed.
He was supposed to be in charge but tried
Wiggle out Avoid doing.
to WIGGLE OUT.
Wiggle out I WIGGLED OUT OF having to work
Avoid doing something.
of late.
I was going to have the hottest curry on
Wimp out Not be brave enough to do something. the menu, but I WIMPED OUT and had a
mild lamb Korma instead.
I'm going to WIND DOWN in the
Wind down Relax.
country this weekend and do nothing.
They WOUND the committee DOWN
Wind down Slowly close a business or organisation.
after the inquiry.
He WOUND the video ON to show us the
Wind on Forward a film or tape to a certain point.
scene.
The company was WOUND UP when the
Wind up Close a company because it's unprofitable.
creditors demanded payment.
Tighten the spring in a watch or clock to I forgot to WIND UP my alarm clock and
Wind up
make it work. overslept.
Irritate someone or increase their stress
Wind up The children are really WINDING me UP
level, especially if done deliberately.
Find or get something that takes a great It took me a while to WINKLE the truth
Winkle out
deal of effort. OUT of him.
Revising for the exam last night WIPED
Wipe out Make someone very tired.
me OUT.
A meteor crashing into the planet WIPED
Wipe out Kill all of a population, make extinct.
the dinosaurs OUT.
She WIRED her new stereo system UP as
Wire up Make electrical connections.
soon as she got home.
His supervisor told him to WISE UP and
Wise up Stop being stupid. start following the rules or else he'd lose
his job.
The solicitor WORDED her UP client
Word up Give someone information, advice. before the police interview, so they go
very little out of him.
Word up! A phrase that was used a greeting. 'Word up! You OK?'
She goes to the gym to WORK OFF her
Work off Exercise to remove stress or weight.
anger.
Scientists are WORKING ON genetically
Work on Improve or develop.
modified crops and foods.
Things were going wrong for them but
Work out End nicely. fortunately it all WORKED OUT in the
end.
I couldn't WORK OUT all the answers to
Work out Find the answer or solution.
the crossword puzzle.
They WORKED him OVER and robbed
Work over Assault, beat up.
him.
They WORKED it OVER until they had
Work over Repeat, do again.
got it right.
They WORKED OVER the market
Work over Examine carefully.
looking for bargains.
It took him a long time to WORK
Work Deal with, resolve a problem, often
THROUGH his anger after he lost his
through emotional.
job.
Wrap Cover with clothing, usually to keep She WRAPPED a scarf AROUND her
around warm. head because it was so cold.
Wrap
Cover or encircle with part of your body. He WRAPPED his arms AROUND her.
around
Cover with clothing, usually to keep He WRAPPED the cloth ROUND his
Wrap round
warm. fingers to keep warm.
Wrap round Cover or encircle with part of your body. She WRAPPED her arms ROUND him.
They WRAPPED UP the presents then
Wrap up Cover in paper.
put a ribbon around them.
WRAP UP carefully or you'll catch your
Wrap up Dress warmly.
death of cold outside in that rain.
That WRAPS things UP, so we'll end this
Wrap up Finish.
meeting.
Wriggle out Avoid doing something in a way other He always manages to WRIGGLE OUT
of people don't like. OF any extra work we get.
I WROTE her mobile number DOWN on
Write down Make notes.
a scrap of paper and I've lost it.
They asked viewers to WRITE IN with
Write in Send a letter to a TV station, etc..
their opinions and suggestions.
He WROTE the car OFF in an accident
Write off Destroy a car in an accident.
on the motorway.
I WROTE OUT my notes in full to help
Write out Write something completely.
me remember them.
Write up Make complete written version. I WROTE UP the report and submitted it.
Talk continuously, especially if it is an
Yack on He YACKED ON for an hour.
annoying way.
Talk continuously, especially if it is an
Yammer on She YAMMERED ON for ages.
annoying way.
I tried hard to resist, but in the end I
Yield to Surrender.
YIELDED TO temptation and ate it all.
The police have ZEROED IN ON the
Zero in on Direct or focus attention on. man they believe to be responsible for the
murder.
The hurricane is ZEROING IN ON
Zero in on Head for, move towards.
Florida.
The debt was ZEROED OUT by the
Zero out Cut off funding for a project.
department.
The entry was ZEROED OUT of the
Zero out Reduce to zero, cancel, remove.
database.
We ZIPPED AROUND the supermarket
Zip around Move quickly.
to get the shopping done.
The motorbike ZIPPED BY the cars stuck
Zip by Pass quickly.
in the traffic jam.
Zip it Keep quiet, say nothing. He told me to ZIP IT, so I said nothing.
He was being stupid in the meeting, so
Zip up Keep quiet.
we told him to ZIP UP.
Zone in Pay attention after not doing so. I was bored at first but then ZONED IN
when things started getting more
interesting.
I ZONED IN ON what they were saying
Zone in on Pay attention after not doing so.
when they started gossiping.
She ZONED OUT during the lecture
Zone out Not pay attention.
because it was so boring.
I put some ambient music on and
Zone out Dissociate yourself from a situation.
ZONED OUT.
I ZONKED OUT during the film and
Zonk out Fall asleep.
missed most of it.
The camera ZOOMED IN to show
Zoom in Focus more closely.
people's faces.
Zoom in on Focus more closely. The camera ZOOMED IN ON his face.
He rushed out of the building and
Zoom off Go somewhere quickly.
ZOOMED OFF in his car.
The camera ZOOMED OUT to show all
Zoom out Focus less closely.
the crowd.
SEBI Gr A 2020
PHASE-1
ENGLISH
PHRASAL VERBS
Lecture-1

Code: NABARD50
PHRASAL VERBS
1. Account for (जवाब दे ना, कारण बताना, explain the reason, answer for) – I can’t account for his unusual behaviour in this
matter.
2. Ask after (हालचाल पूछना, ask about the welfare, inquire after) – I met your brother at the party, he asked after you.
3. Ask for (माांगना, request for) – She asked for a glass of water.
4. Back out (मुकर जाना, वादे से पीछे हटना, go back on, withdraw from promise) – He agreed to help but backed out at the last
moment.
5. Be in for [शीघ्र सांभाववत अविय घटना, (about to take place (unpleasant)] – On account of his bad habits he is in for trouble.
6. Bear away (जीतना, win) – Suhani bore away the first prize in the dance competition.
7. Bear on/upon [असर होना, relevant (bearing on)] – Your remarks have no bearing on the main problem.
8. Bear out (समर्थन करना / वकालत करना , support the argument, corroborate) – I am sure my classmates will bear out my
statement.
Code: NABARD50
PHRASAL VERBS
9. Bear with (धैयथ ददखाना, सहयोग करना, to show patience, co-operate) – In view of the heavy losses suffered by the company,
the shareholders were requested to bear with.
10. Blow out (बुझा दे ना, extinguish) – The candle blew out as the gust of wind came in.
11. Blow over (सांभाववत बुरे समय का अविय घटना के बबना बीत जाना, pass off without harm, come to an end) – Don’t worry, the
crisis is likely to blow over.
12. Blow up (उड़ा दे ना, explode, start suddenly) – The plan of the enemy to blow up the fly-over was foiled by the police.
13. Break down (रो पड़ना, खराब हो जाना, emotional collapse, stop functioning) – While giving evidence in the court, she broke
down.
14. Break into (सेंध मारना , घुसना, enter by force) – The robbers broke into his house last night.
15. Break off (बबना ककसी नतीज़े के समाप्त हो जाना, असफल होना, come to an end, unsuccessfully) – The talks between India and
China broke off.
16. Break out [फैल जाना, spread (war, epidemic, fire, riots)] – The fear that AIDS has broken out in India is not unfounded.
Code: NABARD50
PHRASAL VERBS
17. Breakthrough (बड़ी उपलब्धध, discover a secret, major achievement) – There is no hope of breakthrough in the murder case.
18. Break up [सत्र की समाब्प्त, terminate (meeting, school, session)]- The college will break up next week for summer vacation.
19. Break up with (झगड़ा करना, quarrel) – After long and fruitful friendship, the two friends broken up with each other.
20. Break open (तोड़ दे ना, open by force) – The thief broke open the lock and stole money.
21. Bring about (सम्भव बनाना, cause to happen) – The administration helped to bring about a peaceful settlement.
22. Bring out (अर्थ की व्याख्या करना, िकाशशत करना, explain the meaning, publish) – When asked to explain, she could not bring
out the meaning of the poem.
23. Bring around (ककसी की सहमतत लेना, समझने में सफलता पाना, to make one agree, bring to senses) – I was able to bring my
mother round to my views with great difficulty.
24. Bring up (परवररश करना, rear, educate) – Fathers are beginning to play a bigger role in bringing up their children.
Code: NABARD50
PHRASAL VERBS
25. Call for (वाांतछत, आवश्यक होना, necessary, require) – For the unity of the country discipline among the people is called for.
26. Call in/call out (बुलाना, send for help) – The police were called in without delay by the residents.
27. Call off (रद्द करना, suspend or abandon) – We decided to call off the strike.
28. Call on (शमलने जाना, go and visit a person) – It is a tradition for the Prime Minister to call on the President.
29. Call out (मदद हे तु बुलाना, ask to come for help) – The National Guards has been called out.
30. Call up (टे लीफोन करना, स्मरण करना, to telephone, recall) – Many of my friends called me up to congratulate me.
31. Call upon (अपील करना, appeal, exhort) – He was called upon to prove the correctness of the press reports.
32. Carried away (भावनाओां में बह जाना, lose control) – On hearing the news of his success he was carried away by joy.

Code: NABARD50
PHRASAL VERBS
33. Carry on (ज़ारी रखना, continue) – Now it is difficult to carry on this business in the teeth of stiff competition.
34. Carry out (कायाथब्ववत करना, implement, obey, execute) – It is not likely that your father will carry out the threat of
disinheriting you.
35. Cast away (बेकार मान कर फेंक दे ना, throw away as useless) – We usually give our servants the old clothes which we cast
away.
36. Cast down (उदास, अवसादग्रस्त, dejected, downcast) – Nowadays, he is cast down as a result of his failure in the
examination.
37. Cast off (मुब्तत पाना, खत्म करना, त्याग दे ना, release, remove) – Organization must cast off old fashioned practices in order to
survive.
38. Catch up with (कमी परू ी करना, make up for deficiency, overtake) – He remained ill for many days but caught up with the
pending work very soon.

Code: NABARD50
PHRASAL VERBS
39. Come about (घदटत होना, happen) – It is not good that such an unfortunate accident came about.
40. Come across (अचानक भें ट होना, meet by chance) – I came across my old friend in the market yesterday.
41. Come by (िाप्त होना, get) – How have you come by such a precious diamond?
42. Come of (सांबांध रखना, belong to) – Reeta comes of a family of freedom fighters.
43. Come off (उतर जाना, fade, get separated) – I was surprised to see that plaster had come off the walls.
44. Come over (काबू पाना, get over, overcome) – You can come over your problems by honest means.
45. Come round (सहमत होना, स्वास््य लाभ होना, agree, recover from illness) – My father at first refused to let me continue
study but he came round in the end.
46. Come upon (अचानक ककसी चीज़ का शमलना, come across, get by chance) – My friend came upon the evidence just by chance.

Code: NABARD50
PHRASAL VERBS
47. Cope with (तनपटना, manage) – They coped with all their problems cheerfully.
48. Cut down (काट दे ना, curtail, reduce) – Since you are out of job these days, you must cut down your expenditure.
49. Cut off (हटा दे ना, discontinue, die, remove) – Gas supplies have now been cut off.
50. (Be) cut out for (ककसी कायथ के शलए सवथर्ा अनक
ु ू ल होना, suitable) – He is cut out for an administrative career.
51. Cut out (बड़ी वस्तु में से टुकड़ा तोड़ना, to take a piece from the whole) - He cut out a piece of the cake and put it in my plate.
52. Cut up (परे शान, distressed, cut into small pieces) – She was cut up because she had been scolded by her teacher.
53. Die down [धीरे धीरे समाप्त हो जाना, gradually disappear (riots, excitement, storm etc.)] – The wind has died down.
54. Die out (ववलप्ु त हो जाना, become out of use or existence) – He thought that the custom had died out a long time ago.

Code: NABARD50
PHRASAL VERBS
55. Dispose of (बेच दे ना, sell off) – She has decided to dispose of her old house.
56. Dispose to (इच्छुक, पसांद करने वाला, willing, inclined favourably) – My friend is disposed to discussing the problems
thoroughly.
57. Do away with (जड़ से उखाड़ फेंकना, eradicate) – We should do away with social evils.
58. Do for (काम चलाना, serve the purpose) – This book will do for the SSC examination.
59. (have) Done with (कोई सम्बवध न रखना, have no relation) – I have done with him because of his dishonesty.
60. Do without (ककसी वस्तु के बबना गज़

ु ारा करना, dispense with, to manage without) – We cannot do without fan in summer.
61. Done for, done in (तबाह हो जाना, be ruined) – He appears to be done for since he has lost heavily in gambling.
62. Draw up (शलखना, सांयोजन करना, to write, compose, draft) – I was busy drawing up plans for the new course.
63. Draw on or upon (आहरण करना, to get money from) – He was able to draw on vast reserves of talent.
Code: NABARD50
PHRASAL VERBS
64. Drop in (अचानक ककसी के यहााँ जाना, to pay a short visit) – I thought I’d just drop in and see how you were.
65. Drop out (कायथ के बीच में छोड़ दे ना, retire in the midst of doing something) – She could not qualify for the selection as she
dropped out while the race was in progress.
66. Fall back (पीछे हो जाना, retreat) – The rioters fell back when the police arrived.
67. Fall back on (तनभथर होना, depend on) – You must save money to fall back on it in old age.
68. Fall off (सांख्या में कमी होना, decrease in number, get separated) – In the wake of roof tragedy the admissions in the school
have fallen off.
69. Fall out (झगड़ा होना, quarrel) – The two friends appear to have fallen out over a minor issue.
70. Fall in with (सहमत होना, agree with) – Instead of challenging the lie, she fell in with their views.

Code: NABARD50
PHRASAL VERBS
71. Fall through (नाकाम होना, to remain incomplete, fail) – For want of sufficient funds your new project is likely to fall through.
72. Follow up (अनवरत अध्ययन करना, pursue after the first attempt) – The idea has been followed up by a group of
researchers.
73. Get ahead (आगे हो जाना, go forward) – You can get ahead of your rivals only by hard work.
74. Get along (शमत्रवत होना, be friendly) – They just can’t get along together because of temperamental differences.
75. Get at (पहुांचना /समझना, reach, understand) – It is very difficult to get at the truth etc.
76. Get away (भाग जाना, escape) – They got away on scooter.
77. Get away with (सस्ते में छूट जाना, without being punished or with little punishment) – Although his fault was serious, he got
away with light punishment.

Code: NABARD50
PHRASAL VERBS
78. Get on (तरतकी होना, progress) – How is your son getting on with your study?
79. Get on with (शमलजल

ु कर सांग रहना, live together, pull with) – Both husband and wife and getting on well with each other.
80. Get over (मुसीबत से बाहर आना, recover from illness or shock, come over) – He is still trying to get over the financial crisis.
81. Get through (सफल होना, pass through, succeed) – It is not possible to get through an examination without labour.
82. Get up (बबस्तर से उठना, rise from bed, dressed) – The woman got up from her chair with the baby in her arms.
83. Give away (ववतररत करना, distribute) – She has given away jewellery worth thousands of Rupees.
84. Give in (सौंपना, surrender, agree) – At first she was adamant but at last she gave in to the request of her friend.
85. Give out (मौखखक घोषणा, announce verbally, emit) – It was given out that she had failed.

Code: NABARD50
PHRASAL VERBS
86. Give up (छोड़ दे ना, stop, abstain from) – He gave up smoking to save money.
87. Give way (धाराशायी होना, collapse under pressure, break) – The contractor was charged with negligence when the roof of a
new building gave way.
88. Given to (आदत/लत होना, accustomed to) – He is given to smoking.
89. Go back on (वादे से मुकरना, withdraw, back out) – One should not go back on one’s promise.
90. Go down (भरोसा ककया जाना, be believed) – Your excuse will not go down.
91. Go in for (खरीदना, buy, practice, to enter a contest) – I thought of going in for teaching.
92. Go off (फट जाना explode and be discharged) – When he was cleaning his gun it went off and killed him.

Code: NABARD50
PHRASAL VERBS
93. Go on (जारी रखना, continue) – There is no need to go on arguing about it.
94. Go over (अध्ययन करना, examine carefully, look over) – On going over the balance sheet of the company the auditors have
found serious mistakes.
95. Go through (तेज़ी से पढ़ना, सहना, read hurriedly, endure) – He didn’t lend me the newspaper because he was going through
it.
96. Go up (बढ़ोतरी होना, rise, increase) – As a result of a sharp rise in prices the price of washing soap has gone up.
97. Hand out (ववतररत करना, distribute) – Hand out the books to the students.
98. Hand over (सौंपना, give charge or authority) – He has not handed over charge to the new manager.
99. Hang about (इधर उधर घूमना, इांतज़ार करना, stay waiting, roam about) – The boys hanging about girls hostel were rounded
up by the police.
100. Hold on (डटे रहना, carry on, wait, persist) – In spite of financial difficulties he held on and succeeded in the long run.

Code: NABARD50
Happy Learning!
List of English idioms that start with A.
A Bit Much: More than is reasonable; a bit too much
A Bite at The Cherry: A good opportunity that isn’t available to everyone
A Busy Bee: A busy, active person who moves quickly from task to task.
A Cat Has Nine Lives: Cats seem to get away with dangerous things
A Cat in Gloves Catches No Mice: You can’t get what you need if you’re too careful.
A Cat Nap: A short sleep during the day
A Cold Day In July: (Something that) will never happen
A Cold Fish: Someone who is not often moved by emotions, who is regarded as being hard and unfeeling.
A Cut Above: Slightly better than
A Cut Below: Inferior to; somewhat lower in quality than
A Day Late And A Dollar Short: Too delayed and insignificant to have much effect
A Dog in The Manger: A person who selfishly prevent others from using, enjoying or profiting from something even tho
A Few Sandwiches Short Of A Picnic: Abnormally stupid, not really sane
A Good Deal: To a large extent, a lot
A Great Deal: To a very large extent
A Guinea Pig: Someone who is part of an experiment or trial
A Hair’s Breadth: A very small distance or amount
A Home Bird: Somebody who prefers to spend his social and free time at home.
A Hundred And Ten Percent: More than what seems to be the maximum
A Lame Duck: A person or enterprise (often a business) that is not a success and that has to be helped.
A Leg Up: An advantage, a boost
A Lemon: A vehicle that does not work properly
A Life Of Its Own: An indepdendent existence
A Little Bird Told Me: I don’t wish to divulge where I got the information
A Little Bird Told Me: I got this information from a source I cannot reveal.
A Little from Column A, a Little from Column B: A course of action drawing on several different ideas or possibilities
A Lone Wolf: Someone who is not very social with other people
A Lot on One’s Plate: A lot to do
A Million and One: Very many
A Notch Above: Superior to; higher in quality
A Penny for Your Thoughts: What are you thinking?
A Penny Saved is A Penny Earned: Every small amount helps to build one’s savings
A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words: A visual presentation can communicate something very effectively
A Plum Job: An easy and pleasant job that also pays well
A Rare Bird: Somebody or something of a kind that one seldom sees.
A Scaredy-Cat: Someone who is excessively scared or afraid.
A Second Bite At The Cherry: A Second chance to do something

A Sight for Sore Eyes: Someone that you’re pleased to see
A Sitting Duck: A person or object in a vulnerable position that is easy to attack or injure.
A Snowball’s Chance in Hell: Little to no likelihood of occurrence or success
A Stitch in Time Saves Nine: Fix something quickly, because if you don’t, it will just get more difficult to fix
A Stone’s Throw: A very short distance
A Storm in a Teacup: Unnecessary anger or worry about an unimportant or trivial matter
A Tall Order: A difficult task
A Week Is A Long Time In _____: In the field mentioned, the situation may change rapidly
About Time: Far past the desired time
About To: On the point of, occurring imminently
Above And Beyond: More than is expected or required
Above Board: Openly, without deceit. Honestly, reputably.
Above The Law: Exempt from the laws that apply to everyone else.
Above The Salt: Of high standing or honor
Above Water: Not in extreme difficulty. Especially said of finances
Accident Of Birth: Luck in something due to family good fortune
Accident Waiting To Happen: A dangerous way of setting up or organizing something
According To Hoyle: Properly, in accordance with established procedures
Ace In The Hole: A hidden advantage

Ace Up One’s Sleeve: A surprise advantage of which others are not aware.
Acid Test: A crucial event that determines the worth of something
Acknowledge The Corn: Admit to a mistake, especially a small one; point out one’s own shortcomings, or another’s
Acquired Taste: Something one learns to appreciate only after trying it repeatedly
Across The Board: In relation to all categories, for everyone
Across The Pond: On or to the other side of the Atlantic Ocean.
Act High and Mighty: Be arrogant, presume that one is better than others
Act Of Congress: Hard to get, said of authorization
Act One’s Age: To be mature, not childish
Actions Speak Louder Than Words: One’s character and intentions are shown more accurately by one’s actions than by
Achilles’ Heel: The weak point of an otherwise powerful person or organization
Add Fuel To The Fire: Worsen already existing tension
Add Insult To Injury: Compound a defeat with humiliation or mockery
Add Insult to Injury: Humiliate someone in addition to doing damage to him or her
After One’s Own Heart: Similar in a pleasing way
After The Fact: Too late; after something is completed or finalized
After The Lord Mayor’s Show (UK): Anticlimactic; occurring after something impressive
Against The Clock: Forced to hurry to meet a deadline
Against the Clock: In a very limited amount of time; with a shortage of time being the main problem
Against The Grain: Contrary to one’s natural inclinations
Against The Run Of Play: A typical of the way a game has been going
Age Before Beauty: Something said by a younger woman to an older one, for instance allowing her to pass through a d
Agree To Disagree: Accept or set aside a disagreement
Agreement In Principle: In a negotiation, an agreement in which not all details have been worked out
Aha Moment: Sudden realization, the point at which one suddenly understands something
Ahead Of One’s Time: Offering ideas not yet in general circulation; highly creative
Ahead Of The Curve: Innovative, devising new ideas in advance of others
Ahead Of The Curve: Offering ideas not yet in general circulation; highly creative
Ahead Of The Game: Making faster progress than anticipated; ahead of schedule
Air Rage: Angry behavior inside an airplane
Airy Fairy: whimsical, nonsensical, impractical
Albatross Around One’s Neck: Something from one’s past that acts as a hindrance
Alive and Kicking: In good health despite health problems
All Along: For the entire time something has been happening
All And Sundry: Everyone(separately) Each one.
All Bark And No Bite: Tending to make verbal threats but not deliver on them
All Bets Are Off: What seemed certain is now unclear
All Dressed Up And Nowhere To Go: Prepared (with clothing or otherwise) for an event that does not occur
All Ears: Listening willingly, waiting for an explanation
All Eyes And Ears: Attentive
All Eyes Are On: Watching alertly or attentively. Having prominent eyes. Everyone is paying attention to
All Fur Coat And No Knickers: Superficially attractive, physically or otherwise
All Hands on Deck: Everyone must help.
All Hat And No Cattle: Pretentious, full of bluster
All Hell Breaks Loose: The situation becomes chaotic.
All In A Day’s Work (Excl.): That’s what I’m here for; although I have accomplished something, it is part of what I’m exp
All In Good Time: Eventually; at a more favorable time in the future. This phrase encourages one to be patient.
All in One Piece: Safely
All It’s Cracked Up To Be: As good as claims or reputation would suggest
All Mouth And No Trousers: Superficial, engaging in empty, boastful talk, but not of real substance
All Over But The Shouting: Certain to end in a specific way
All Over Hell’S Half Acre: All over the place; everywhere.
All Over The Board: Everywhere, in many different locations
All Over The Map: Everywhere; in many different locations
All Over The Place: Everywhere; in many different locations
All Rights Reserved: Said of a published work; all reproduction rights are asserted by the copyright holder
All Roads Lead to Rome: There is more than one effective way to do something; many different methods will produce
All Set: Ready, prepared, finished
All Sizzle And No Steak: Failing to live up to advance promotion or reputation
All Talk and No Trousers: Prone to empty boasts
All Told: With everything taken into consideration
All That Jazz: Similar things, similar qualities, et cetera
All The Marbles: The entire prize or reward
All The Rage: Very fashionable
All the Rage: Very much in fashion
All The Same: Anyway; nevertheless; nonetheless.
All The Tea In China: Great wealth, a large payment
All Things Being Equal: In the event that all aspects of a situation remain the same
All Things Considered: Taking all factors into consideration
All Thumbs: Clumsy
All Very Well: True to a certain extent
All Wet: Completely mistaken
Along The Lines Of: In general accordance with, in the same general direction as
Amateur Hour: A display of incompetence
Amber Gambler: Someone who accelerates to try to cross an intersection before a traffic light turns red
Amber Nectar: Beer

American Dream (The): The belief among Americans that hard work leads to material success
An Apple a Day Keeps the Doctor Away: Eating healthy foods will keep one from getting sick (and needing to see a doc
An Axe: To Grind A grievance, a disagreement with someone that justifies confrontation.
An Early Bird: A person who gets up early in the morning, or who starts work earlier than others.
An Eye for an Eye: Justice in which reparation or vengeance exactly matches the harm caused to the victim
An Offer One Can’t Refuse: An extremely attractive offer
Ancient History: Something, such as a disagreement, that happened long ago and ought to be forgotten
And All That: Et cetera, and so on.
And Counting: And the number just mentioned is increasing (or decreasing)
And Change: And an additional amount of money that’s less than the next round number
And His Mother: An intensifier for an inclusive noun or phrase such as everyone, everybody
And So Forth: Indicates that a list continues in a similar manner, etc.
And So On: Indicates that a list continues in a similar manner, etc.
And The Like: And other similar items, etc.
And Then Some: And even more than what has just been mentioned
Another Nail In One’s Coffin: Something that leads to someone’s death, literally or figuratively.
Answer Back: Respond impertinently; to talk back.
Ants In Your Pants: Restlessness
Any Port in a Storm: If you’re in trouble, you’ll turn to anything that improves the situation.
Any Tom, Dick or Harry: Any ordinary person
Angel’s Advocate: Someone who takes a positive outlook on an idea or proposal
Angle For: Aim toward something, try to obtain something, often indirectly or secretly
Apple of One’s Eye: A favorite person or thing, a person especially valued by someone
Apple of Someone’s Eye: The person that someone loves most of all and is very proud of
Apples and Oranges: Of two different classes, not comparable
Apples and Oranges: Of two different classes, not comparable
Arm Candy: An attractive woman accompanying a powerful or famous man at a social event
Armed to the Teeth: Carrying many weapons
Around the Clock: At all times
As American as Apple Pie: Very or typically American
As Far as I Can Throw (someone): Only slightly
As Fit as A Fiddle: To be healthy and physically fit
As Pale as A Ghost: Extremely pale
As Pale as Death: Extremely pale
As Poor as a Church Mouse: Very poor
As Red as A Cherry: Very red
Asleep at the Wheel (Switch): not paying attention to one’s work; not doing one’s job diligently.
At Death’s Door: Very near death

At Each Other’s Throats: Constantly and strongly arguing
At Loggerheads: In a state of persistent disagreement
At Loggerheads: In a state of persistent disagreement.
At Sixes and Sevens: Someone is in a state of confusion or not very well organized.
At the Drop of a Hat: Spontaneously, suddenly
At the Eleventh Hour: It happens when it is almost too late.
At the End of One’s Rope (Tether): Running out of endurance or patience
At the End of the Day: In the final analysis; when all is said and done
At Wit’s End: Frustrated because all measures to deal with something have failed
List of English idioms that start with B.
Babe In Arms: A baby being carried
Babe In The Woods: An innocent, naive person
Babe Magnet: A man to whom women are attracted
Baby Blues: Blue eyes.
Baby Boomer: A person born in the years following World War II, when there was a temporary marked increase in the
Babysitter Test: An evaluation of the ease of use of household appliances, especially remote control devices
Back And Forth: Dialogue, negotiations
Back At You: Same to you (used to return a greeting or insult)
Back Burner (On The): Not urgent; set aside until later
Back Forty: Remote, inaccessible land
Back in the Day: Formerly, when I was younger, in earlier times
Back Of Beyond: A remote location
Back Office: Support services for a business
Back on One’s Feet: Physically healthy again
Back to Square One: Back to the start
Back to Square One: Forced to begin something again
Back to the Drawing Board: Forced to begin something again
Back to the Salt Mine(s): We have to go back to work.
Back to the Salt Mines: It’s time for me (us) to go back to work
Back the Wrong Horse: To support the losing side
Backing and Filling: Delaying a decision by making small changes or arguing about small details
Backseat Driver: A passenger in a car who gives unwanted advice to the driver is called a backseat driver.
Backseat Driver: Someone who likes to give (often annoying) advice to the driver of a car, or the leader of some other e
Bad Apple: A discontented, trouble making, or dishonest person
Bad Blood: Enmity or hatred that stems from something in the past
Bad Egg: Someone who is not to be trusted
Bad Taste In One’s Mouth: Unease, a feeling that something unspecified is wrong in a situation
Bag of Tricks: A set of methods or resources

Bail Out: To rescue someone from a bad situation, to shield someone from the consequences of his or her actions
Ball and Chain: 1. One’s spouse (derogatory but often affectionate); 2. an ongoing burden
Ballpark Figure: A rough estimate
Banner Year: A year marked by strong successes
Bang for Your Buck: Value for money
Bang for Your Buck: Value for your money
Bang One’s Head Against the Wall (Against a Brick Wall):Try repeatedly to do something without making progress
Baptism by Fire: A difficult task given right after one has assumed new responsibilities
Bar Fly (or Barfly): Someone who spends much of his or her time in bars
Bare One’s Heart (Soul): To confess one’s deepest secrets
Bark Up the Wrong Tree: Pursue a mistaken approach or belief; be wrong in a course of action
Basket Case: So upset or stunned that one is unable to function; in a hopeless condition
Bat/Play for Both Teams: To be bisexual.
Bat/Play for the Other Team: To be homosexual.
Batten Down the Hatches: Prepare for a storm
Batten Down the Hatches: Prepare for a storm
Be A Barrel of Laughs: To be fun, funny, and pleasant.
Be A Cold Day In Hell: (Something that) will never happen
Be An Item: Two people are an item when they are having a romantic relationship
Be Footloose and Fancy-Free: To be free of responsibilities, including romantic commitments
Be Head Over Heels (In love): Be in love with somebody very much
Be in Seventh Heaven: Extremely happy
Be in Two Minds (about something): To not be certain about something, or to have difficulty in making a decision
Be Like Chalk and Cheese: Things or people who are very different and have nothing in common
Be Lovey – Dovey: Expressing your love in public by constantly kissing and hugging
Be on the Mend: Be improving after an illness
Be Snowed Under: Be extremely busy with work or things to do
Bean Counters: Accountants, finance professionals in an organization
Bean Counters: Accountants, finance professionals in an organization
Beat Around the Bush: To speak in a roundabout way in order to avoid confronting an unpleasant topic
Beat Someone To The Draw: To accomplish or obtain something more quickly than someone else
Beat Someone to the Punch: Do something before or faster than someone else
Beat the Drum for (Something): Speak in favor of something to try to generate support
Beauty Is Only Skin Deep: External appearance is a superficial basis for judging someone
Bed of Roses: A comfortable situation
Bedroom Eyes: An expression of the eyes that seems to invite sex
Bee in One’s Bonnet: Someone who has a bee in their bonnet has an idea which constantly occupies their thoughts.
Beggar Thy Neighbor: To do something beneficial for oneself without worrying about how it affects others
Behind the Eight (or 8) Ball: At a serious disadvantage
Behind the Scenes: In a way not apparent to the public
Behind the Times: Old-fashioned
Bell the Cat: Take on a difficult or impossible task
Bells And Whistles: Attractive but unnecessary features of a product
Belly Laugh: Loud, hearty laughter
Bend an Elbow: Drink alcoholic beverages at a tavern
Best (Greatest) Thing Since Sliced Bread: An innovative development
Best of Both Worlds: Combining two qualities that are usually separate
Bet One’s Bottom Dollar (On Something): Be certain that something will happen
Bet the Farm: Risk everything; spend all one’s money on something in hopes of success
Better late Than Never: It implies that a belated achievement is better than not reaching a goal at all.
Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Caught between two undesirable options
Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: In a difficult position
Beyond the Pale: Too morally or socially extreme to accept
Beyond the Shadow of a Doubt: Absolutely certain
Big Apple: An informal name for New York City
Big Brother: Government, viewed as an intrusive force in the lives of citizens; government spying
Big Cheese: An important person in a company or organization

Big Deal: An important event or accomplishment
Big Fish: An important person
Big Picture: A wide perspective; a broad view of something
Big time: If you do something big time, you do it to a great degree.
Birds of a Feather: People having similar characters, backgrounds, interests, or beliefs.
Bird’s-Eye View: A view from above; a broad perspective on something
Bite Off More Than You Can Chew: Try to do more than one is capable of doing
Bite the Bullet: To do something even though it involves pain, discomfort, or difficulty
Bite the Hand That Feeds You: Act badly toward someone who has helped you
Bitter Pill to Swallow: An unpleasant fact that one must accept
Black and White: A clear distinction between good and bad, positive and negative
Black Eye: A mark of shame
Black Sheep: A person who does not fit into a group, especially a family
Black-and-Blue: Bruised, showing signs of having been physically harmed
Blank Check: Permission to spend or do whatever one wishes; carte blanche
Blind Date: When two people who have never seen each other before go on a date
Blinded by Love: When a person is so madly in love with somebody that they can’t see the person’s faults or negative c
Blood and Thunder: A dramatic, spectacular performance
Blow Away the Cobwebs: If something blows away the cobwebs, it makes you feel more lively and refreshes your idea
Blow Hot and Cold: Shift one’s level of enthusiasm repeatedly
Blow Off Steam: To express anger and frustration in a way that does no damage
Blow One’s Top: Lose one’s temper
Blow One’s Stack: To lose one’s temper and explode in anger
Blow the Cobwebs Away (or Out of Something): Make space for fresh ideas, encourage something new
Blow the Whistle: Reporting an illegal or unacceptable activity to the authorities
Blow Up: Explode
Blow Your Own Trumpet: Brag; emphasize one’s own contributions
Blue Blood (adj. blue-blooded): Person of aristocratic background
Blue Eyed Boy: A person who is a favorite of those in authority; someone whose mistakes are forgiven
Blue Light Special: 1. a temporary sale at a discount store. 2. a traffic stop by the police.
Bob’s Your Uncle: The rest is easy; you’re almost finished
Bolt From the Blue: Something completely unexpected
Bone Dry: Completely dry, totally without moisture
Born on The Wrong Side of the Blanket: Born to parents who were not married
Borrow Trouble: Take needless risks, invite problems
Bottom of the Barrel: Low-quality choices
Boy Toy: A young man who is the lover of an older, often wealthier woman (see toyboy)
Boys will be Boys: A phrase of resignation used when boys get into trouble or are stereotypically reckless or rowdy
Brainstorm: To generate many ideas quickly
Break a Leg: Good luck! This is used for a stage performer-or for anyone else who is about to give some kind of a perfo
Break Out in A Cold Sweat: To perspire from fever or anxiety
Break the Bank: Exhaust one’s financial resources
Break The Ice: To get something started, particularly by means of a social introduction or conversation
Break up/ Split up (With Somebody): End the relationship
Bring Home the Bacon: Earn money for one’s family
Bringing a Knife to a Gunfight: Underequipped or unprepared
Brush Under the Carpet: Attempt to temporarily conceal a problem or error
Bucket List: Things you want to see or do before you die
Bull in a China Shop: A clumsy or tactless person
Bump in the Road: A temporary problem, a small setback
Bundle Up: Put on lots of warm clothing
Burn One’s Bridges: Leave a job or a relationship on such bad terms that one does not stay in contact
Burn the Candle at Both Ends: To work too hard, with possible bad consequences for one’s health
Burn the Candle at Both Ends: Work very long hours
Burn the Midnight Oil: To work late into the night
Burn the Midnight Oil: Working late into the night
Bury (Hide) One’s Head In the Sand: Ignoring something that’s obviously wrong, not facing reality
Bury the Hatchet: Make peace, agree to end a dispute
Business as Usual: A normal situation (whether related to business or not), typically restored after some change
Busman’s Holiday (UK): A working vacation
Busman’s Holiday: A vacation where you do the same thing you do at work, a working vacation
Busted Flush: A failure, someone or something that seemed promising but did not develop well
Butter Wouldn’t Melt in (Someone’s): Mouth This person is cool in manner, prim and proper
Buy a Pig in a Poke: To buy something with no prior inspection
Buy Time: Cause a delay in something with the aim of improving one’s position
By a Whisker: By a very short distance
By All Means: Of course, certainly
By Hook or by Crook: By some possibly dishonest means
By the Skin of One’s Teeth: Barely escaping disaster
By Word of Mouth: Via personal communications rather than written media
List of English idioms that start with C.
Call a Spade a Spade: To speak frankly and directly about a problem
Call It a Day: Decide that one has worked enough on something for the day
Call It a Night: End an evening’s activities and go home
Call the Shots: Make the important decisions in an organization
Call the Tune: Making important decisions and controlling a situation.

Can’t See the Forest for the Trees: Is unable to maintain a wider perspective
Can’t Swing A Dead Cat In (Place): Without Hitting A (Thing) There are many examples of [thing] in this [place].
Carrot-and-Stick (Approach): A tactic in which rewards are offered, but there is also the threat of punishment
Carry a Torch (for): To continue to be in love with someone even after a relationship has ended
Carry Coals To Newcastle: Supply something that is unneeded; engage in useless labor
Carry the Can: To take the blame for something one did not do
Cash In One’s Chips: 1. To take advantage of a quick profit 2. To die
Cash-Strapped: In need of money
Cast the First Stone: To be the first to criticize or attack someone
Castle in the Air: An impractical plan
Cat Fight: A fight between two women
Cat Got Your Tongue?: Don’t you have anything to say?
Cat on a hot tin roof: Be extremely nervous
Cat-and-Mouse (adj.): In a toying way; playful in an unpleasant way
Catch One’s Death of Cold: To become very ill (with a cold/flu etc.)
Catch Some Rays: To sit or lie outside in the sun
Catch Someone’s Eye: Attract someone’s attention
Catch-22: A difficult situation from which there is no escape because options for avoiding it involve contradictions
Cat’s Paw: A person being used by someone else, a tool

Caught Red-Handed: Apprehended while committing a crime
Circle the Wagons: To prepare as a group to defend against attack, adopt a defensive posture
Claim to Fame: Unusual feature or offering
Clean Up Nicely: Look good when one is dressed up. Usually said of women
Clear the Air: Defuse tension, be honest about conflict so as to reduce it
Clip Someone’s Wings: Reduce someone’s privileges or freedom
Close, But No Cigar: You are very close but not quite correct.
Cock and Bull Story: A far-fetched story, probably untrue
Cock-A-Hoop: Elated, excited
Cold Day in Hell: A condition for something that would be extremely unlikely to occur
Come By Something Honestly: Acquire something honestly, or inherit it
Come Clean: To confess; to admit to wrongdoing
Come Hell or High Water: No matter what happens
Come Out in the Wash: To be resolved with no lasting negative effect
Come Out of the Closet: Reveal a secret about oneself, usually that one is gay (homosexual)
Come Out Swinging: Respond to something very aggressively
Come Rain and Shine: Do regularly, whatever the circumstances
Come to Grips With: To acknowledge a problem as a prelude to dealing with it
Come to Terms With (Something): Feel acceptance toward something bad that has happened
Coming Down the Pike: Likely to occur in the near future
Cook Someone’s Goose: To insure someone’s defeat, to frustrate someone’s plans
Cook Up a Storm: Cook a great deal of food
Cooking Up a Storm: Cooking a great deal of food
Cool as A Cucumber: Calm and composed even in difficult or frustrating situations; self-possessed
Cool Cat: Someone who has the respect of their peers in a young, casual way.
Cool Your Heels: Wait
Couch Potato: A lazy person who watches a great deal of television
Crash a Party: To attend a party without being invited
Crickets: Silence
Cross to Bear: A problem one must deal with over a long time, a heavy burden
Crunch Time: A period of high pressure when one has to work hard to finish something
Crunch the Numbers: Do calculations before making a decision or prediction
Cry Over Spilt (USA: Spilled): Milk To waste energy moaning about something that has already happened
Cry Wolf (verb): To issue a false alarm, to ask for help when none is needed
Cry Your Eyes Out: Cry hard for a very long time
Cry Your Eyes Out: Cry hard for a very long time
Curiosity Killed The Cat: Stop asking questions, don’t be too curious
Cut (Someone) To the Quick: To deeply hurt someone emotionally

Cut Corners: Economize by reducing quality; take shortcuts
Cut It Fine: To do something at the last moment
Cut Off Your Nose to Spite Your Face: To act in a proud way that ultimately damages your own cause
Cut Someone Some Slack: Avoid treating someone strictly or severely
Cut to the Chase: Get to the point; explain the most important part of something quickly; skip the preliminaries
Cut the Gordian Knot: To solve a complex problem in a simple way
Cut the Mustard: Do something adequately
Cut Your Teeth on Something: To learn basic skills in a field
Cutting-Edge: Very novel, innovative
Champagne taste on a beer budget: Expensive or extravagant tastes or preferences that are beyond one’s economic m
Change Horses in Midstream: Change plans or leaders in the middle of a process
Change of Heart: A change in one’s opinion or outlook
Change One’s Tune: To alter one’s opinion about something.
Changing of the Guard: A change in leadership at an organization
Chase Rainbows: To pursue unrealistic goals
Cheap Shot: An unfair attack; a statement that unfairly attacks someone’s weakness
Cherry-Pick: To present evidence selectively to one’s own advantage
Cherry-Pick: To select the best or most desirable
Chew the Fat: Chat for a considerable length of time

Chickens Come Home To Roost: The negative consequences of previous actions reveal themselves
Child’s Play: A very easy task
Chill Out: Do something that helps them to calm down and relax for a while.
Chin Music: Meaningless talk
Chin Up/ Keep Your Chin Up: Cheer up; try to be cheerful and strong
Chip off the Old Block: Someone who resembles a direct ancestor, usually the father
Chomp (Champ) at the Bit: Be eager to do something
Chomp at the Bit: To be eager to do something
Chop Chop: Quickly, without delay
Chop Shop: A shop where stolen cars are disassembled for parts
Chuck a Wobbly: To act in an emotional way
List of English idioms that start with D.
Da Man (Slang): An accomplished or skillful person. Generally used in the compliment “”You da man!””
Dance to Someone’s Tune: Consistently follow someone’s directions or influence
Dance with the Devil: Knowingly do something immoral
Dark Horse: A surprise candidate or competitor, especially one who comes from behind to make a strong showing
Darken Someone’s Door (Step): Make an unwanted visit to someone’s home
Dead Ahead: Directly ahead, either in a literal or a figurative sense
Dead as the Dodo: Completely extinct; totally gone

Dead Eye: A good shooter, a good marksman
Dead Heat: An exact tie in a race or competition
Dead of Winter: The coldest, darkest part of winter
Dead ringer: Very similar in appearance
Dead Run: Running as fast as possible
Dead Shot: A good shooter, a good marksman
Deep Pockets: The new owner has deep pockets, so fans are hoping the football team will improve next year with new
Deliver the Goods: Provide what is expected
Devil’s Advocate: Someone who argues a point not out of conviction, but in order to air various points of view
Dirty Look: A facial manner that signifies disapproval
Do 12-Ounce Curls: Drink beer
Dodge a Bullet: To narrowly escape disaster
Doesn’t Amount to a Hill of Beans: Is unimportant, is negligible
Dog Days of the Summer: The hottest day of summer
Dog in the Manger: A person who prevents others from using something, even though the person himself or herself do
Dog-and-Pony Show: A flashy presentation, often in a marketing context
Dog-Eat-Dog: Intensely competitive
Don’t Judge a Book by Its Cover: Don’t be deceived by looks; don’t rely on looks when judging someone or something
Don’t Cry Over Spilled Milk: Don’t worry about minor things.
Don’t Look a Gift Horse in the Mouth: Do not question the value of a gift. The expression comes from the practice of d
looking at its teeth.
Double-Dip: Improperly get income from two different sources
Double-Edged Sword: Something that can be helpful or harmful; something beneficial that also has a downside
Down in the Dumps: Depressed, sad
Down the Road: In the future (in your lifetime)
Drag One’s Feet (or Heels): To do something reluctantly and slowly
Drag Your Feet: Do something very reluctantly; delay doing something
Drain the Lizard: Urinate
Draw a Blank: Be unable to remember something
Draw a Line in the Sand: Issue an ultimatum; specify an absolute limit in a conflict
Draw a Line Under (Something): To conclude something and move on to something else
Draw a Long Bow: Exaggerate, lie
Draw the Line: To set a limit to what one will accept
Dressed Up to the Nines: Someone is wearing very smart or glamorous clothes
Drink the Kool-Aid: Accept a set of ideas uncritically, often dangerous ones
Drive a Hard Bargain: To arrange a transaction so that it benefits oneself.
Drive a Hard Bargain: To negotiate effectively
Drive a Wedge Between: Try to split factions of a united group by introducing an issue on which they disagree
Drive Someone Up the Wall: Deeply irritate someone

Drop a Line: To write a letter or send an email
Drop the Ball: Fail to fulfill one’s responsibilities; make a mistake
Dry Run: A practice execution of a procedure
Dutch Courage: Alcohol drunk with the intention of working up the nerve to do something
Dutch Uncle: A highly critical person
Dyed-In-The-Wool (adj.): Consistent in an affiliation or opinion over a long period; inveterate
List of English idioms that start with E.
Eager beaver: The term eager beaver refers to a person who is hardworking and enthusiastic, sometimes considered o
Eagle-Eyed: Having sharp vision
Early Bird [noun or adjective]: Someone who does something prior to the usual time, or someone who gets up early.
Eat Crow: To admit one was wrong, and accept humiliation
Eat Humble Pie: To admit defeat or error, to accept humiliation
Eat Someone’s Lunch: Defeat someone thoroughly
Eat Your Heart Out!: (excl.) Go ahead, be jealous.
Eighty-Six (v.): 1) Discard, eliminate. 2) Throw someone out of a bar or store.
Elephant in the Room: A major problem that no one is talking about
Elevator Music: Pleasant but boring recorded music that is played in public places.
Elevator Pitch: A brief presentation of an idea, one short enough to be delivered in an elevator
Eleventh Hour: The last minute

Even Steven: Owing nothing; tied (in a game)
Every Dog Has His (Its): Day Everyone has a moment of fame, power, or influence
Every Man and His Dog: Many people
Every Man for Himself: Pursue your own interests; don’t expect help from others.
Excused Boots: Allowed to avoid mandatory tasks
List of English idioms that start with F.
Face the Music: Dealing with consequences of one’s actions
Face the Music: To accept judgment or punishment
Fall for Something: Hook, Line, and Sinker To be completely deceived
Fall in Love with Somebody: Start feeling love towards somebody
Fall Off the Wagon: To begin using alcohol (or another problem substance) after quitting
Fall on One’s Sword: To accept blame; to sacrifice oneself
Fall Prey to: Be victimized by; be harmed by; be vulnerable to
Fancy Someone (British English): To find someone very attractive
Farther (On) Down the Road: Later, at some unspecified time
Farther (On) Down the Road: Later, at some unspecified time
Fashion-Forward: Tending to adopt new styles quickly
Fat Cat: A highly placed, well-paid executive
Father Figure: A mentor, a person who offers guidance

Feast Your Eyes On: To take great pleasure in looking at someone or something
Feather in One’s Cap: An achievement for which one is recognized; a noteworthy achievement
Feather One’s (Own) Nest: Use one’s influence or power improperly for financial gain
Feather One’s Nest: To take advantage of one’s position to benefit oneself
Fed Up With: Refusing to tolerate something any further; out of patience
Feel Like a Million Dollars: To feel great, to feel well and healthy.
Feel On Top of The World: To feel very healthy
Fell off a Truck: Probably stolen or illicitly obtained; said of something offered for sale to avoid discussing its origins
Fell off the Back of a Lorry: Probably stolen or illicitly obtained; said of something offered for sale to avoid discussing it
Fifteen Minutes of Fame: Temporary renown
Fifth Wheel: A superfluous person
Fight Fire with Fire: Use the same measures that are being used against you, even if they’re stronger than you would u
Fight Like Cat and Dog: Continually arguing with each other
Find One’s Voice: Become more confident in expressing oneself
Find Your Feet: To adjust to a new place or situation
Finger-Pointing: Blame; a situation within a group where each member attempts to blame others
Finger-Pointing: Blame; a situation within a group where each member attempts to blame others
Fire in the Belly: strong ambition
First In, Best Dressed: The first people to do something will have an advantage
Fish for Compliments: Try to manipulate people into praising you
Fish or Cut Bait (usually an exclamation): Make a decision or give someone else a chance
Fish Out of Water: A person who is in unfamiliar, confusing surroundings
Five-Finger Discount: Shoplifting
Flash in the Pan: A one-time occurrence, not a permanent phenomenon
Flat Broke: Having no money at all
Flat Out Like a Lizard: Drinking Very busy
Flesh and Blood: Blood relatives, close relatives
Flew the Coop: Left, escaped
Flip-Flop (v. or n.): To vacillate between two choices, to be indecisive
Fly by the Seat of One’s Pants: To improvise, to make decisions without planning or preparation
Fly High: Be very successful, especially temporarily
Fly Off The Handle: Lose one’s temper suddenly and unexpectedly
Fly off the Handle: To become suddenly enraged
Follow In Someone’s Footsteps (Tracks): Follow the example laid down by someone else; supplant
Follow Your Heart: Rely on one’s deeper feelings and instincts when making a decision
Food for Thought: Something that makes you think carefully
For a Song: At very low cost
For a Song: At very low cost

For Crying Out Loud (excl.): An expression of extreme annoyance
For Xyz Reasons: For multiple reasons, not worth specifying individually
Foul Play: Crime, typically murder
Fourth Estate: The media and newspapers
Fox in the Henhouse (Chickenhouse): Someone who causes trouble
Freak Out: A wildly irrational reaction or spell of behavior
French Leave: Absence without permission
Freudian Slip: Accidental use of an incorrect word; a revealing slip of the tongue
From Pillar to Post: From one place to another, in a forced, random way
From Scratch: From individual ingredients, not using a prepared mix
From Soup to Nuts: Everything; from beginning to end
From the Bottom of One’s Heart: Sincerely and with deep feeling
FUBAR: Hopelessly ruined, not working, messed up.
Fu** (Or Screw) The Dog (Pooch): To make an embarrassing error
Full Fathom Five: Lost deep in the sea
Full of the Joys of Spring: Very happy, enthusiastic and full of energy
List of English idioms that start with G.
Game of Chicken: A conflict situation in which neither side will back down for fear of seeming cowardly (chicken)
Get A Charley Horse: To develop a cramp in the arm or the leg

Get A Word In Edgewise: Be able to say something while someone else is talking a lot
Get Along (with Someone): To have a satisfactory relationship
Get Bent Out of Shape: Become angry, upset
Get Carried Away: Become overly enthusiastic
Get In on the Ground Floor: Invest in or join something while it is still small
Get in Shape: Undertake a program of physical conditioning; exercise regularly
Get Off Scot Free: Be accused of wrongdoing but pay no penalty at all
Get Off Scot Free: Be accused of wrongdoing but pay no penalty at all
Get One’s Ducks in a Row: Have everything organized; get oneself organized
Get One’s Hands Dirty: To do the unpleasant parts of a job
Get Someone’s Goat: To irritate someone deeply
Get To Grips With: To begin to understand and deal with something
Get the Ball Rolling: Do something to begin a process
Get the Picture: Understand what’s happening
Get the Runaround: Be given an unclear or evasive answer to a question
Get the Sack, Be Sacked: To be fired
Get the Third Degree: To be questioned in great detail about something
Get Wind of: Hear about
Get With the Program: Figure out what everyone else already knows. Often used sarcastically, as a command
Go Along (With): Agree to something, often provisionally
Go Ape: Express wild excitement or anger
Go Ballistic: Fly into a rage
Go Bananas: To become irrational or crazy
Go Bananas: To become irrational or crazy
Go Belly Up: To go bankrupt
Go Berserk: To go crazy
Go Bonkers: To be or become wild, restless, irrational, or crazy; to act in such a way
Go Cold Turkey: Stop using an addictive substance suddenly, without tapering off
Go Down in Flames: Fail in a spectacular way
Go Mental: To suddenly become extremely angry
Go Nuclear: Use an extreme measure; because extremely angry
Go Nuts: To become crazy
Go Off Half-Cocked: To say or something prematurely, with a negative effect
Go Off the Deep End: To unexpectedly become very angry, especially without a good reason
Go Off The Rails: To go wrong, to begin acting strangely or badly
Go Out on a Limb: Assert something that may not be true; put oneself in a vulnerable position
Go Pear-Shaped: To fail; to go wrong
Go See a Man About a Dog: Go to the bathroom (said as a euphemism)

Go to the Dogs: To become disordered, to decay
Go to the Mattresses: To go to into battle
Go the Extra Mile: Put forth greater-than-expected effort
Go Under the Knife: Undergo surgery
Go Viral: Begin To spread rapidly on the Internet
Go with the Flow: To accept the way things naturally seem to be going
Grab (Take) the Bull by the Horns: To begin forthrightly to deal with a problem
Grasp (Grab) at Straws: To take desperate actions with little hope of success
Grease Monkey: A mechanic, especially an auto mechanic
Grease the Wheels: Do something to make an operation run smoothly
Greasy Spoon: An inexpensive restaurant that fries foods on a grill
Green Around the Gills: To look sick
Green as Grass: Lacking training, naive; often said of young people in new jobs
Grind One’s Teeth: Be very annoyed or angry about something without being able to say anything about it.
Guilty Pleasure: Enjoying something which is not generally held in high regard, while at the same time feeling a bit guil
Guinea Pig: A test subject, a person who is used as a test to see if something will work
Give and Take: Negotiations, the process of compromise
Give ’em Hell (often excl.): Express something passionately to a group
Give Lip Service to: Talk about supporting something without taking any concrete action
Give Lip Service: to Talk about supporting something without taking any concrete action
Give One’s Two Cents (That’s My Two Cents): Offer an opinion, suggest something
Give Someone a Holler: Contact someone
Give Someone a Piece of Your Mind: Angrily tell someone what you think
Give Someone a Run for Their Money: Compete effectively with the leader in a particular field
Give Someone an Earful: angrily express an opinion to someone
Give Someone the Cold Shoulder: act hostile toward someone; to ignore, snub
Give Someone The Old Heave-Ho: Fire someone, remove someone from a group or team
Give Something a Whirl: Attempt something without being totally familiar with it
Give the Green Light: Approve something; allow something to proceed
List of English idioms that start with H.
Hail Mary (n. or adj.): A desperate, last-ditch attempt
Hair of the Dog (That Bit You): A small amount of the alcoholic beverage that caused your hangover
Hands are Tied: You are prevented from doing something. It is not within your power
Hands Down: Undoubtedly
Hang It Up: To retire, to end an activity one has pursued for a long time
Hang Tough: Maintain one’s resolve
Hanging by a Thread: In great danger of elimination or failure
Happy-Go-Lucky: If you are a happy-go-lucky person, you are cheerful and carefree all the time.
Hard Nut to Crack: A difficult problem or a difficult person
Has the Cat Got Your Tongue?: Why are you not saying anything?
Hat Trick: Scoring three goals in hockey or soccer (football), or accomplishing three of anything.
Hatchet Job: A strong attack on someone’s reputation; intentionally destructive criticism; calumny
Haul Over the Coals: To scold someone severely
Have (one’s) head in the clouds: Not know what is happening around you or out of touch with reality
Have A Ball: To have a very enjoyable time
Have a Bone to Pick (with Someone): To want to discuss something someone has done that has angered or annoyed y
Have a Bone to Pick (with Someone): To want to discuss something someone has done that has angered or annoyed y
Have a Chip on One’s Shoulder: To harbor resentment; to have an angry attitude
Have a Dog in the Hunt (Fight, Race): To support a certain person in a competition
Have a Lead Foot: A tendency to drive very fast
Have a Lot on One’s Plate: Be busy, be in the middle of many ongoing tasks
Have a Lot Riding On (Something): Be depending on the successful outcome or development of something
Have a Nose for (Something): To have natural ability at something, a talent for finding something
Have a Screw Loose: Be slightly unbalanced or crazy
Have a Tough Row to Hoe: Be faced with a task that is difficult because of unfavorable conditions
Have A Whale of A Time: To enjoy yourself very much
Have an Ace Up One’s Sleeve: To have a hidden advantage

Have Bigger Fish to Fry: Have more important things to do
Have Egg on Your Face: They are made to look foolish or embarrassed
Have Foot-in-Mouth Disease: To embarrass oneself through a silly mistake
Have Hand of Aces/Hold All the Aces: To be in a very strong position in a competition
Have It Out with Someone: To have an argument with someone in order to settle a dispute
Have One Foot in The Grave: To be near death (usually because of old age or illness)
Have One Over the Eight: A person is slightly drunk.
Have One Too Many: Drink too much alcohol
Have One’s Cake and Eat It, Too: To want two incompatible things (usually used in the negative)
Have Skin in the Game: Be risking something in an undertaking
Have Something in the Bag: Be certain to win
Have the Hots for (Somebody): To be (sexually) attracted to somebody
Have the Hots for Somebody: Finding somebody extremely attractive
Have The Time of Your Life: If you have the time of our life, you enjoy yourself very much.
Have the Time of Your Life: To have a very fun, exciting, or enjoyable time
Have Your Nose in the Air: Have a snobbish or disdainful attitude
Have Your Say: Express your opinion on something
Have Your Thumb Up Your Ass: Have nothing to do
He Who Laughs Last Laughs Best: Being victorious is often a matter of simply surviving a conflict
He Would Put Legs Under A Chicken: He will talk your head off; he is very talkative
Head (Go) South: Decline, get worse
Head and Shoulders Above: Far superior to
Head and Shoulders: Above Far superior to
Head Start: An advantage over everyone else
Heads Up (excl.): Get ready! Be prepared
Heads Up!: Be careful!
Heads Will Roll (Are Going to Roll): People will be fired
Heads Will Roll (Are Going to Roll): People will be fired
Hear (Something) Through the Grapevine: To learn something via gossip
Heart and Soul: With all one’s energy or affection
Heavens Open: Start to rain heavily
Heavy Hitter: A powerful, influential person
Helicopter Parenting: Overattentive child-raising
Hell for Leather: Very fast, as fast as possible
High as a Kite: Strongly under the influence of drugs or intoxcants
Hightail It (Out of There): Flee

Highways and Byways: You take large and small roads to visit every part of the country.
Hit a Wall: suddenly stop making forward progress
Hit It Out of the Park: Succeed brilliantly
Hit the Books: To study (generally said of students
Hit the Ground Running: To begin a job or project with no learning or training period needed
Hit the Hay: To go to bed
Hit the Jackpot: Do something that brings great success
Hit the Nail on the Head: To be absolutely correct (said of an utterance)
Hit the Road: To leave
Hit the Roof: Explode in rage; become extremely angry
Hit the Roof: To become very angry
Hit the Sack: To go to bed
Hit the Spot: Be very satisfying (said of something eaten)
Hive Mind: The knowledge of humans as a group
Hobson’s Choice: A choice among bad options
Hold One’s Liquor: Be able to drink a large amount without being affected
Hold One’s Peace: Be silent
Hold the Phone: Wait a moment (whether you’re on the phone or not)
Hold the Phone: Wait a moment (whether you’re on the phone or not)
Hold Your Horses (generally excl.): Stop; restrain yourself; don’t be so excited
Home Away from Home: A habitual hangout; a place one frequents often and where one feels welcome
Home Truths: Honest, often painful criticism
Honor System: A system of payments that relies on the honesty of those paying
Hot Mess: Something or someone in a state of extreme disorder
Hot on the Heels (of): In close pursuit
Hot on the Heels (of): In close pursuit
Hot Potato: A controversial subject or difficult project that is best avoided
List of English idioms that start with I.
I Wouldn’t Put It Past (Someone): I think it’s quite possible that [this person] would do this.
If It Had Been a Snake, It Would Have Bitten Me: It was very obvious, but I missed it.
If the Shoe Fits, Wear It: If this description of you is accurate, accept it.
I’m All Ears: You have my attention, so you should talk
In a Fog: Confused, not mentally alert
In a Heartbeat: Immediately. This is especially used in hypothetical situations
In a Jam: In need of help, in a difficult spot
In a New York Minute: Very quickly
In a Nutshell: Expressed in a few words
In a Pickle: In need of help, in a difficult spot

In a Rut: Confined by routine, bored and seeking new experiences
In Broad Daylight: When something occurs in broad daylight, it means the event is clearly visible
In Clover: Benefiting from a positive financial situation
In For a Penny, In for a Pound: Committed to something even though the risks are increasing
In Full Swing: When something, such as an event, gets into full swing, it is at its busiest or liveliest time.
In His Cups: Drunk
In Hot Water: In need of help; in trouble
In One Fell Swoop: All at once, in a single action
In One’s Element: In a situation which is entirely suitable, familiar, or enjoyable.
In Someone’s Wheelhouse: In someone’s strongest area of competence or enthusiasm
In Touch: In contact
In the Blink of an Eye: Quickly, seemingly instantaneously
In the Cards: Likely; likely to occur
In the Crosshairs (Cross Hairs): Targeted for blame or criticism
In the Dark: Not informed
In the Dark: Unaware of something
In the Driver’s Seat: In a dominant position, in control
In the Hot Seat: Undergoing criticism or scrutiny; under pressure publicly
In the Interim: It denotes a period of time between something that ended and something that happened afterwards
In the Limelight, In the Spotlight: Receiving large amounts of publicity or attention
In the Long Run: Over an extended period of time
In the Nick of Time: Just in time; with no time to spare
In the opinion of the speaker, a person has just spent money unnecessarily and is, therefore, a fool.
In the Pipeline: Being prepared for the marketplace, being worked on
In the Red: Losing money; (of a market index) below a specified starting point
In the Same Boat: In a similar situation; similarly vulnerable
In the Toilet: In disastrous condition
In the Works: Under development; coming soon
Iron Out (Problems, Difficulties): To resolve
Is the Pope Catholic?: Isn’t the answer obvious?
It Never Rains but It Pours: Bad luck and bad things tend to happen at the same time
It Takes Two to Tango: When something goes wrong involving two people, it’s likely that they share the blame; cooper
It Takes Two to Tango: You say this when you think that a difficult situation or argument cannot be the fault of one per
It Won’t Fly: It won’t work; it won’t be approved.
Itchy Feet: A person who has itchy feet is someone who finds it difficult to stay in one place and likes to travel and disc
It’s a Wash: A positive and a negative development cancel each other out, so the situation has neither improved nor go
It’s All Greek to Me: It is unintelligible, impossible to understand
It’s No Skin off My (Your) Nose (Back): The outcome will not affect me personally
It’s Not Over Till the Fat Lady Sings: Do not give up too soon; things may improve.
It’s Not Rocket Science: It’s not difficult to understand.
I’ve Had It Up to Here: My patience is almost exhausted.
List of common English idioms that start with J.
Jack of All Trades: A person with a wide variety of skills
Jam Session: Playing improvised music in an informal setting
Jim Crow: The system of racial segregation in the American South prior to the American civil rights movement.
Join the Club (excl.): I feel sympathy for you because I have experienced something similar.
Jump in with Both Feet: Begin a new experience wholeheartedly
Jump on the Bandwagon: To follow a trend or craze
Jump on the Bandwagon: To follow a trend; follow the crowd
Jump the Gun: Start doing something too soon
Jump the Shark: To pass peak quality and begin to decline. Often used to describe television programs or movie series.
Jump the Track: To shift suddenly from one activity or line of thought to another
Jump Through Hoops: Complete a series of tasks in order to satisfy someone
Just Around the Corner: Occurring soon
Just for the Record: I would like to make it clear that …
Just What the Doctor Ordered: Exactly the thing that is or was needed to help improve something or make one feel be
List of common English idioms that start with K.
Kangaroo Court: A court of law where proper procedures are not followed at all; a sham judicial proceeding
Keep (Something) at Bay: Maintain a distance from something or someone
Keep a Stiff Upper Lip: Control one’s emotions; not give in to fear or grief
Keep an Eye On: To keep an eye on something or someone is to watch it periodically, to keep it under surveillance.
Keep an Eye Peeled: Be observant; watch out for something
Keep It Under Your Hat: Don’t tell anyone; don’t reveal this secret
Keep Someone at Arm’s Length: Avoid close interaction or cooperation
Keep Your Nose Clean: Avoid trouble or situations that compromise one’e honesty
Keep Your Powder Dry: Do not attack until you are ready.
Keeping One’s Nose to the Grindstone: Working hard on something repetitive or tedious
Kick Ass, Kick Butt: 1) Defeat badly; 2) be excellent or highly effective (only kick ass would be used for 2)
Kick the Bucket: To die
Kick the Can Down the Road: Postpone an important decision
Kill a Fly With an Elephant Gun: Approach a problem with excessive measures
Kill Two Birds with One Stone: Act in such a way as to produce two desirable effects
Kill Two Birds with One Stone: Solve two problems with one move
Kill the Goose That Laid the Golden Egg: To destroy a source of ongoing profits or benefits
Kink in One’s Neck: A cramp in one’s neck that causes pain
King of the Hill: At the top of one’s field; the most influential person in a given field or area
Kiss and Make Up: Make peace after an argument

Kith and Kin: Family (collectively)
Knock on Wood; Touch Wood: Let’s hope I have good luck or continue to have good luck.
Knock Some Sense Into: To beat someone in order to teach him/her a lesson. May be used figuratively.
Knock Someone’s Socks Off: Amaze someone
Knock Up: To impregnate a woman. Often used in the form knocked up.
Knockout: An extremely beautiful woman
Know (Something) Like the Back of One’s Hand: To be very familiar with something, especially an area
List of common English idioms that start with L.
Larger Than Life: Conveying a sense of greatness, imposing
Last But Not Least: What I have just said does not reflect a ranking in importance.
Laughter is the Best Medicine: Laughing a lot is a very effective means of recovering from physical or mental injury
Learn the Ropes: Become more familiar with a job or field of endeavor; be trained
Leave Someone in the Lurch: Abandon someone in a difficult situation
Lend an Ear: Listen
Let Bygones Be Bygones: Agree to forget about a past conflict
Let Bygones Be Bygones: Agree to forget about a past conflict
Let Off Steam: To express anger and frustration in a way that does no damage
Let One’s Hair Down: To relax and enjoy themselves.
Let Sleeping Dogs Lie: To avoid stirring up a problem; to leave things alone
Let the Cat Out of the Bag: Reveal a secret, usually a secret you or others are trying to keep
Let the Genie Out of the Bottle: Reveal something hitherto suppressed
Letter of the Law: The explicit meaning of a law, as opposed to the spirit of the law, the law’s general intention
Lick One’s Wounds: Rest after a bad defeat
Life is A Bowl of Cherries: Life is wonderful or very pleasant
Light a Fire Under Someone: Inspire someone to work very hard
Light at the End of the Tunnel: A sign of hope after a long period of difficulties
Like a Kid in a Candy Store: To be so excited about one’s surroundings that one acts in a childlike or silly way
Like a Moth to a Flame: Drawn to something or someone despite the dangers
Like Father, Like Son: Sons inherit their fathers’ traits and preferences, often even without realizing it.
Like Shooting: Fish in a Barrel Very easy
Like Taking Candy from a Baby: Very easy
Like Two Peas in a Pod: Bearing a strong resemblance
Like The Cat That Got The Cream: Looking particularly self-satisfied, often to the annoyance of others
Lion’s Den: Any dangerous or frightening place.
Lion’s Share: The largest part of something
Live Large: Have a luxurious lifestyle
Living in Cloud Cuckooland: Having unrealistic or foolish beliefs or plans.
Living on Borrowed Time: Following an illness or near-death experience, may people believe they have cheated death
Living Under a Rock: Ignorant of important events. Usually used as a question: Have you been living under a rock?
Loaded for Bear: Prepared for problems, well prepared for a challenge
Loan Shark: A predatory lender; one who makes high-interest loans to desperate people
Lock Horns: To lock horns is to argue, to come into conflict.
Long Shot: Something with little chance of success
Look the Other Way: Take no notice of violations of laws or rules, unofficially condone something
Look What the Cat Dragged In: Someone unwelcome has arrived.
Loose Cannon: Someone out of control; someone who speaks or acts recklessly
Lose It: To suddenly become unable to behave or think in a sensible way
Lose One’s Touch: Suffer a decline in one’s skill at doing something
Lose Touch: To fall out of contact
Lose the Thread: Be unable to follow someone’s reasoning
Love at First Sight: Falling in love with somebody the first time you see them
Love Rat: Somebody who cheats on his/her partner
Love Someone With All of One’s Heart And Soul: To love someone completely
Lower the Boom: Implement a punishment; reprimand severely
Low-Hanging Fruit: Easy parts of a task; solutions easy to obtain
List of common English idioms that start with M.
Mad As A Box Of (Soapy) Frogs: extremely mentally unstable; psychotic; detached from reality.
Mad as A Hatter: Mentally ill, psychotic
Main Squeeze: Committed romantic partner
Make a Break for It: Try to escape, run off
Make a Mountain out of a Molehill: To take something too seriously; to make too much of something
Make a Silk Purse out of a Sow’s Ear: Turn something ordinary or inferior into something refined and beautiful
Make Ends Meet: Have enough money to cover basic expenses
Make Hay (While the Sun Shines): To take advantage of an opportunity at the right time.
Make Love: To have sexual intercourse
Make Nice: Act cordial despite conflict
Make One’s Mark: Attain influence or recognition
Make Someone’s Day: Do something pleasing that puts someone in a good mood
Make Waves: Cause controversy, disturb a calm group dynamic
Man Cave: A part of the house, often the basement, that is left to the man of the household, perhaps with a workshop
March to the Beat of Your Own Drum: When someone does things the way they want to, without taking anybody else
Match Made in Heaven: A relationship in which the two people are great together, because they complement each oth
May-December (adj.): Significantly different in age. Said of couples where one member is much older. The most comm
May-December Marriage: A marriage between a younger and an older partner, typically a young woman and an old m
Me Time: Activities undertaken for one’s own enjoyment, free from responsibilities to others.
Meeting of the Minds: Strong instinctive agreement on something

Mend Fences: Improve relations after a dispute
Mind One’s P’s and Q’s: Be attentive to details; be on one’s best behavior
Miss the Boat: Be too late for something; miss an opportunity
Monday Morning Quarterback: Someone who offers criticisms or comments after already knowing the outcome of som
Month of Sundays: A long time, many months
More Fun Than A Barrel of Monkeys: A very good time; a pleasant occasion
Mother Nature: The natural world
Move Heaven and Earth: Take all possible steps in trying to accomplish something
Move the Needle: Have a measurable effect on something
Move Up in the World: Become more successful
Movers and Shakers: Influential people, especially in a particular field
Much Of A Muchness: Essentially equal, not significantly different (said of a choice)
Mum’s the Word: This is secret; don’t talk about this. Often used as an answer to a request not to talk about somethin
Music to My Ears: Good to hear; welcome news
Mutton Dressed Up as Lamb: A woman who dresses in a style appropriate to someone of a younger age
My Dogs Are Barking: My feet hurt.
My Old Man, My Old Lady: My spouse
My Way or the Highway: If you do not do things the way I want or require, then you can just leave or not participate.
List of common English idioms that start with N.

Nail-Biter: A suspenseful event
Nailing Jelly/Jello/Pudding To A Wall/Tree: An impossible task
Neck and Neck: Very close in a competition, with neither of two entities clearly in the lead
Neck of the Woods: A region, especially one’s home region
Nest Egg: Retirement savings; wealth saved for a future purpose
Never in A Million Years: Absolutely never
Never Look a Gift Horse in the Mouth: It’s rude to examine a gift closely; accept gifts politely.
New Wrinkle: A novel aspect to a situation, a new development
Nice Chunk of Change: A large amount of money
Nickel and Dime: To negotiate over very small sums; to try to get a better financial deal, in a negative way
Nine Times Out of Ten: Almost always
Nine-to-Five Job: A routine job in an office that involves standard office hours
Nip (Something) In The Bud: Deal with a problem before it becomes large
No Holds Barred (usually adj., often hyphenated): Unrestricted, without rules
No Love Lost Between: There is a mutual animosity between two people
No Names, No Pack Drill: By not accusing anyone specifically, I may avoid trouble.
No Names, No Pack Drill: If no one can be identified, no one will be punished.
No Rhyme or Reason (to): Without logic or pattern
No Room to Swing A Cat: Very small, not big enough

No Shit, Sherlock: That’s very obvious!
No Tree Grows to the Sky: Growth cannot continue indefinitely.
Not Cut Out for (Something): Not naturally skillful enough to do something well
Not Enough Room to Swing a Cat: A very small space
Not Give A Fig: To not care at all about something
Not Have A Cat In Hell’s Chance: Have no possibility of succeeding, coming to pass, or achieving something
Not Have a Prayer: Have no chance of success
Not Know Jack: Not know anything
Not Lift a Finger: Do nothing to help
Not Mince Words: Moderate or weaken a statement
Not One’s Cup of Tea: Not something one is interested in
Not Playing with A Full Deck: Stupid, mentally deficient or impaired
Not Ready for Prime Time: Not yet perfected; inexperienced
Not Sit Well with (Someone): Be difficult to accept; make someone uncomfortable
Nothing to Write Home About: Unspectacular, ordinary
Nuts and Bolts: Everyday details of something
Nutty as a Fruitcake: Crazy; idiotic; wacky.
List of common English idioms that start with P.
Pack Heat: Carry a gun

Paddle One’s Own Canoe: To be able to act independently.
Page-Turner: A page-turner is an exciting book that’s easy to read, a book that’s difficult to put down.
Pain in the Ass; Pain in the Butt;
Pain in the Neck: Someone or something making your life difficult
Paint the Town Red: Go out drinking and partying
Par for the Course: What would normally be expected. This has a negative connotation.
Pass the Buck: Transfer a problem to someone else
Pass With Flying Colors: To succeed brilliantly, as on an exam or other test
Passing Fancy: A temporary interest or attraction
Pay Through the Nose (For Something): Pay a large amount of money
Peaches and Cream: A situation, process, etc., that has no trouble or problems
Pecking Order: Hierarchy, rank of importance
Pencil Something In: Make tentative arrangements
Penny-Pinching: Frugal, avoiding expenses whenever possible
Pep Talk: An encouraging speech given to a person or group
Perfect Storm: A rare combination of disastrous occurrences
Pet Peeve: A small thing that you find particularly annoying
Pick a Fight: Intentionally provoke a conflict or fight with someone
Pick Up the Slack: Do something that someone else is not doing; assume someone else’s responsibilities
Pick Up the Tab: To pay a bill presented to a group, especially in a restaurant or bar
Pie in the Sky: Something that is unrealistic or that cannot be achieved
Piece of Cake: Very easily done
Pin Someone Down: Demand a decision or clear answer
Pinch Pennies: To be careful with money, to be thrify
Pink Slip: A layoff notice; loss of a job, typically because of layoffs
Pipe Dream: An unrealistic hope, a fantasy
Piping Hot: Very hot (generally said of food)
Pipped to the Post: Defeated by a narrow margin
Pissing Contest: A meaningless argument or competition, typically between males
Play Ball: Cooperate, agree to participate
Play Cat And Mouse: Trying to trick someone into making a mistake so you can defeat them.
Play Hardball: Adopt a tough negotiating position; act aggressively
Play it by Ear: To play a piece of music without referencing sheet music or a recording
Play It by Ear: To respond to circumstances instead of having a fixed plan
Play the Percentages: Bet on or rely on what is most likely to happen
Play the Ponies: Bet on horse racing.
Play With Fire: Do something very risky
Play Your Cards Right: Exploit a situation to your best advantage

Point of No Return: A place from which it is impossible to go back to the starting point
Point the Finger At: Blame (someone)
Point the Finger: At Blame (someone)
Poison Pill (n): A provision or feature added to a measure or an entity to make it less attractive, an undesirable add-on
Poison Pill: A provision or feature added to a measure or an entity to make it less attractive, an undesirable add-on
Pop One’s Clogs: To die
Pop One’s Cork: To release one’s anger; to blow one’s top
Pop the Question: Propose marriage
Pot Calling the Kettle Black: Accusing someone of something of which you are also guilty; being hypocritical
Pour (Rub) Salt into (on) the Wound (an open wound): Worsen an insult or injury; make a bad situation worse for som
Powder Keg: An explosive situation, a situation in which people are angry and ready to be violent
Powder Keg: An explosive situation, a situation in which people are angry and ready to be violent
Powder One’s Nose: To use the restroom (lavatory). This is used by women
Preach to the Choir, Preach to the Converted: To make an argument with which your listeners already agree
Preaching to the Choir: Making arguments to those who already agree with you
Pretty Penny: A lot of money; too much money (when referring to the cost of something)
Price Yourself Out of the Market: Try to sell goods or services at such a high price that nobody buys them.
Puddle Jumper: A small airplane, used on short trips
Pull Out All the Stops: Do everything possible to accomplish something

Pull Strings: Use influence that’s based on personal connections
Pull the Plug On: Terminate (something)
Pull Yourself Together: Control your emotions; recover from a strong emptional upset
Puppies And Rainbows: Perfect, ideal (usually used slightly sarcastically, in contrast with a less ideal situation)
Puppy Dog Eyes: A begging look
Puppy Love: Adolescent love or infatuation, especially one that is not expected to last
Pure as the Driven Snow: To be innocent and chaste (frequently used ironically)
Push the Envelope: Go beyond common ways of doing something, be innovative
Pushing Up Daisies: Dead
Pushing Up Daisies: Dead and buried
Put a Thumb on the Scale: Try to influence a discussion in an unfair way, cheat
Put Down Roots: Establish oneself in a place; settle
Put in One’s Two Cents: Say your opinion
Put Lipstick on a Pig: Make cosmetic changes to something bad
Put one’s Face On: Apply cosmetics
Put Out Feelers: Make discreet, informal suggestions, ask around
Put Someone on the Spot: Force someone to answer a question or make a decision immediately
Put That in Your Pipe and Smoke It: Accept and consider what I’m saying, even if you don’t like it!
Put the Best Face On (Something): Emphasize the positive aspects of a bad situation
Put the Brakes On: Slow something down
Put the Cart Before The Horse: To do things in the wrong order
Put the Cart Before the Horse: To do things out of the proper order.
Put the Cat Among The Pigeons: Say or do something that causes trouble or controversy
Put the Genie Back in the Bottle: Try to suppress something that has already been revealed or done
Put the Pedal to the Metal: Drive as fast as possible
Put Up with (Something): Tolerate, accept
Put Words Into Someone’s Mouth: Attributing an opinion to someone who has never stated that opinion
Put Your Foot Down: Use your authority to stop negative behavior
Put Your Foot In Your Mouth: Say something that you immediately regret
Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is: Back up your opinions with a financial commitment
List of common English idioms that start with Q.
Quake In One’s Boots: To be very frightened
Quarter Past: Fifteen minutes after the hour
Quarter To/Of: Fifteen minutes before the hour
Queer the Pitch: Interfere with someone’s plans; make something more difficult
Quick as a Flash: Very fast
Quick-and-Dirty: Approximate, hastily done
Quote Unquote: Ironically speaking; suggesting that if a phrase were written out, it would be in quotation marks to con
List of commonly used English idioms that start with R.

Race Against Time: To rush to meet a deadline, to be forced to do something very quickly
Rain Cats And Dogs: Rain heavily
Rain Cats and Dogs: Rain very heavily
Rain on Someone’s Parade: Spoil someone’s plans
Raise (Someone’s) Hackles: Make someone angry and defensive
Raise One’s Voice: Talk loudly
Raise Red Flags: Warn of trouble ahead
Raise the Bar: Increase standards in a certain competition or area of endeavor
Raise the Roof: Make a great deal of noise (said of a crowd)
Rake (Someone) Over the Coals: To scold someone severely
Rake Over the Ashes: Restart a settled argument; examine a failure
Rake Someone Over the Coals: Scold severely
Rank and File: The ordinary members of an organization
Read Between the Lines: Perceive what is not explicitly stated
Read the Tea Leaves: Predict the future from small signs
Rear Its Ugly Head (said of a problem or something unpleasant): Appear, be revealed
Rearrange the Deck Chairs on the Titanic: Taking superficial actions while ignoring a much larger and perhaps fatal pro
Red Flag: A warning; a sign of trouble ahead
Red Herring: A misleading clue; something intended to mislead

Red Meat: Political appeals designed to excite one’s core supporters; demagoguery
Red Tape: Bureaucracy; difficult bureaucratic or governmental requirements
Red-Light District: A neighborhood with many houses of prostitution
Reinvent the Wheel: Devise a solution to a problem for which a solution already exists
Riding High: Enjoying success
Right as Rain: Absolutely correct
Right Under (One’s) Nose: In an obvious location, yet overlooked
Right-Hand Man: Chief assistant
Right-Hand Man: Chief assistant
Ring a Bell: Sound familiar
Ring a Bell: When something seems familiar
Rob Peter to Pay Paul: Pay off a debt with another loan; solve a problem in such a way that it leads to a new problem
Rob the Cradle: To be sexually or romantically involved with someone who is very young
Rob the Cradle: To be sexually or romantically involved with someone who is very young
Rock Bottom: An absolute low point
Rock the Boat: Cause a disruption in a group. Often used in the negative: don’t rock the boat.
Roll the Dice On: Take a risk
Roll With the Punches: Deal with problems by being flexible
Rome Wasn’t Built in a Day: Complex projects take time

Rookie Mistake: An error made by an inexperienced person
Rotten to the Core: Entirely evil
Rub (Something) in Someone’s Face: Humiliate someone by repeating and criticizing his or her mistake
Rub It In: Say something that makes someone feel even worse about a mistake
Rub Someone’s Nose in (Something): Humiliate someone by repeating and criticizing his or her mistake
Rubber-Stamp (v.): Approve something without consideration, as a formality
Rule of Thumb: A general principle or guideline, not a specific formula
Run a Tight Ship: Manage an organization in a strict, well-regulated way
Run in the Family: Be inherited (as a trait) by multiple members of a family
Run in the Family: To be a common family characteristic
Run into a Buzz: Saw Encounter severe and unexpected problems
Run into a Buzz: Saw Encounter severe and unexpected problems
Run off at the Mouth: Talk a lot about unimportant things, talk incoherently
Run on Fumes: To be in a situation where one’s energy or resources is almost exhausted
Run Out of Steam: Lose momentum, become tired
Run the Table: Win every game or contest
List of commonly used English idioms that start with S.
Sacred Cow: An indvidual or organization that one cannot criticize
Saving Grace: Something that redeems a bad situation

Scare the Living Daylights Out of Someone: Frighten someone severely
Scorched Earth (Tactics, Policy, etc.): Ruthless, extremely destructive
Screw The Pooch: To make a serious error
School Of Hard Knocks: Difficult real-life experiences from which one has learned
Second Banana: A person in a subservient position
Second Stringer: A substitute player in a sport; a substitute for a job who is not the most talented person
Second Wind: Renewed energy
See Eye to Eye: To concur, agree
See Something Out of the Corner of Your Eye: Use peripheral vision
Seize (Take) the Bull By the Horns: Attack a problem directly
Seize the Day: Take an opportunity
Sell (Someone) a Bill of Goods: Trick someone; be deceptive
Sell Like Hotcakes: Be sold very quickly
Selling Point: An attractive feature of something for sale
Set in Stone: Fixed; unchangeable
Set something to Music: To write a piece of music to accompany a set of words
Set the Bar (Too) High: To set a high standard for something
Set the Thames on Fire: Do something amazing. Usually used in the negative.
Set the World on Fire: Do something amazing; have a brilliant stretch in one’s career
Shake the Dust off Your Shoes (Feet): Make a clean break with a relationship or situation
Shape Up or Ship Out: Behave properly or leave the organization
Sharp as A Tack: Mentally agile
Shell Game: A method of deception in which you conceal your actions by moving something frequently
Shift Gears: Change the subject, or change what one is doing
Shipshape And Bristol Fashion: Tidy, clean
Shit a Brick: Be extremely fearful.
Shoot from the Hip: Talk or act without consideration
Shoot Off One’s Mouth: Talk without considering one’s words
Shoot Oneself In The Foot: Do something that damages oneself or one’s own cause
Short Fuse: A quick temper; a tendency to anger quickly
Shot Across the Bow: A warning of more serious actions to come
Shoulder A Weight Off Your Shoulders: You no longer worry about something or deal with something difficult
Show Me an X And I’ll Show You a Y: There is a consequence to X that you may not have thought of.
Show One’s True Colors: Reveal one’s true nature
Show Your Cards: Reveal your resources or plans
Sick and Tired of: Extremely annoyed by something that occurs repeatedly
Sick as a Dog: Extremely ill.
Sick as a Parrot: Very disappointed

Sight for Sore Eyes: A sight that makes you happy
Silver Bullet: Something simple that resolves a difficult problem
Simmer Down: Become less angry; regain one’s composure
Sink or Swim: Fail or succeed
Sing a Different Tune: Change your opinion
Sit On (Something): Delay revealing or acting on something
Sit Tight: Wait and do not go anywhere
Sitting Duck: Something or someone easily attacked or criticized
Sitting Pretty: In a favorable situation
Six Feet Under: Dead and buried
Six Feet Under: Dead and buried
Six of One, a Half Dozen of the Other: The two choices have no significant differences.
Six Ways to (from) Sunday: In every possible way
Slam Dunk: An effort that is certain to succeed
Sleep Like a Baby: To experience a very deep and restful sleep; to sleep soundly
Sleep with the Fishes: Dead, often by murder
Slip Someone a Mickey: Add a drug to an alcoholic drink in order to knock someone out
Slippery Slope: A series of undesirable effects that, one warns, could result from a certain action
Slower than Molasses: Exceptionally slow or sluggish; not fast at all.

Small Beer: Unimportant, insignificant
Small Fry: People or organizations with little influence; children
Small Potatoes: Unimportant, insignificant
Smell a Rat: Suspect deception
Smoking Gun: indisputable evidence of a crime
Snafu: A malfunction; a chaotic situation
Snake Oil: A useless medicine; a quack remedy; a product or measure promoted as a solution that really does nothing t
Snake Oil: Medicine of unproven value; fraudulent medicine
Sneak Peek: A sneak peek is an opportunity to view something in advance of its official opening or debut
Soak Up the Sun: To enjoy the sun
Sold On (Something): Convinced of something
Some Eggs: Achieving a major goal requires the ability to tolerate some problems
Someone’s Fingerprints Are All Over (Something): Someone’s influence is evident
Something to Crow: About Something to be proud of, an accomplishment about which one is justified in bragging
Son of a Gun: 1) A rogue. 2) An exclamation of surprise.
Sore Point: A sensitive topic for a particular person
Sour Grapes: Disparagement of something that has proven unattainable
Sour Grapes: Spiteful disparagment of a goal one has failed to achieve
Spare The Rod And Spoil The Child: It is necessary to physically punish children in order to raise them right.
Speak of the Devil (and He Shall Appear): The person we have just been talking about has entered.
Speak with A Plum in (one’s) Mouth: To speak in a manner that is indicative of a high social class.
Spick and Span: Clean and neat
Spill the Beans: Reveal a secret
Spin A Yarn: Tell a story
Spin One’s Wheels: Engaging in activity that yields no progress; getting nowhere
Spit into The Wind: Wasting time on something futile
Spoiling for a Fight: Combative, wanting conflict, eager to argue or fight
Spoiling for a Fight: Combative, wanting conflict, eager to argue or fight
Square the Circle: Attempt an impossible task
Stab Someone in the Back: To betray (somebody)
Stalking Horse: Someone who tests a concept in advance of its application; a candidate who enters a political race in o
Stand (Someone) In Good Stead: Be useful in the future
Stand On One’s Own Two Feet: To be independent and self-sufficient
Stand One’s Ground: Refuse to back down; insist on one’s position
Start with a Clean Slate: To start (something) again with a fresh beginning; to work on a problem without thinking abou
Steal Someone’s Thunder: Upstage someone
Stem the Tide: To stop or control the growth of something, usually something unpleasant.
Step Up One’s Game: Work to advance to a higher level of a competition

Step Up to the Plate: Prepare to take action, be the person in a group who takes action
Stick It to the Man: Do something that frustrates those in authority
Stick Your Nose into Something: Intrude into something that is not your affair
Sticker Shock: Surprise at the high price of something
Stick-in-the-Mud: A person who dislikes or adapts slowly to new ideas
Sticky Wicket: A difficult, tricky situation
Stiff-Necked: Stubborn; excessively formal
Storm in a Teacup: A commotion that dies down quickly, about something unimportant
Stormy Relationship: Relationship that has a lot arguments and disagreement
Stumbling Block: An obstacle, physical or abstract
Straight Arrow: An honest, trustworthy person
Strain at a Gnat and Swallow a Camel: To make a fuss over something unimportant while ignoring larger issues
Strike A Chord: Used to describe something that is familiar to you, reminds you of something or is connected to you so
Sugar Daddy: A rich man who is generous with younger women in return for sexual favors
Sure-Fire: Certain to occur
Swan Song: A final appearance
Swan Song: This expression is used to describe a final act before dying or ending something.
Sweep Under the Carpet: Attempt to temporarily conceal a problem or error
Sweep Under the Rug: Attempt to temporarily conceal a problem or error

Sweet Dreams!: Sleep well!
Sweeten the Deal: Add something to an offer during a negotiation
Sweeten the Pot: Increase the amount of winnings potentially available in a game of chance, especially poker
Swim Against the Tide: Do something contrary to a trend or usual opinion
Swim with Sharks: To take a major risk
Swim with the Fishes: Have been killed, especially with involvement of organized crime
Swing for the Fences: Attempt to achieve the largest accomplishment possible
Swing for the Fences: Attempt to achieve the largest accomplishment possible
Sword of Damocles: Something that causes a feeling of constant threat.
List of useful English idioms that start with T.
Take (Someone) to the Cleaners: 1) Swindle; 2) defeat badly
Take a Deep Dive (Into): Explore something extensively
Take a Flyer: To take a rise; especially to make a speculative investment
Take a Gander: Go to take a look at something
Take a Hike: Go away
Take A Powder: To leave, especially in order to avoid a difficult situation
Take a Rain Check: Decline an invitation but suggest that you’ll accept it at a later time.
Take Five (Ten): Take a short break of five (ten) minutes
Take Five: To take one brief (about five minutes) rest period
Take It Easy: 1) Relax, rest; 2) (as a command) Calm down!
Take It Easy: Don’t hurry; relax; don’t get angry
Take It Easy: When you relax, or do things at a comfortable pace, you take it easy.
Take It on The Chin: Be attacked; suffer an attack
Take It or Leave It (command): You must decide now whether you will accept this proposal
Take Someone to Task: Reprimand someone strongly
Take Something with a Pinch (grain) of Salt: If you take what someone says with a pinch of salt, you do not completely
Take the Cake: Be the most extreme instance
Take the Edge Off (of Something): To slightly improve something negative
Take the Fifth: Refuse to answer because answering might incriminate or cause problems for you
Take the Gloves Off: Negotiate in a more aggressive way
Take the High Road: Refuse to descend to immoral activities or personal attacks
Take The Mickey (Piss) (Out Of Someone): Make fun of or ridicule someone
Take the Shine Off (Something): To do something that diminishes a positive event
Take the Starch out of (Someone): Make someone less confident or less arrogant
Take The Wind Out of Someone’s Sails: To reduce someone’s confidence, ofte by doing something unexpected
Take Your Life in Your Hands: Undergo extreme risk
Take Your Medicine: Accept something unpleasant, for example, punishment, without protesting or complaining
Take Your Time: Don’t hurry, work at a relaxed pace

Taste of Your Own Medicine: The same unpleasant experience or treatment that one has given to others
Teach an Old Dog New Tricks: To change someone’s long-established habits. Usually used in the negative: You can’t te
Tear One’s Hair out: Be extremely worried or frustrated
Tear-Jerker: A film or book that makes you cry
Tee Many Martoonies: Too many martinis, scrambled to suggest drunkenness
Tell It to the Marines: I don’t believe you; you must think I’m gullible.
Tempest in a Teapot: A commotion about something unimportant
Ten a Penny: Ordinary, inexpensive
Ten to One: Something very likely
Test the Waters: Experiment with something cautiously
Test the Waters: Try something out in a preliminary way
Tie the Knot: Get married
Tighten the Screws: Increase pressure on someone
Tight-Lipped: secretive, unwilling to explain something
Til the Cows Come Home: For a very long time
Time is Money: time is valuable, so don’t waste it.
Tip of the Iceberg: A small, visible part of a much larger problem
Tip One’s Hand: Reveal one’s advantages; reveal useful information that one possesses
TLC: Tender Loving Care

To be A Peach: Someone or something that is extremely good, impressive, or attractive
To be Smitten With Someone: To be completely captivated by someone and feel immense joy
To be someone’s One and Only: To be unique to the other person
To be the Apple of Someone’s Eye: To be loved and treasured by someone
To Bear Fruit: To develop in a profitable or positive way
To Bear Fruit: To develop in a profitable or positive way
To Carpool: To travel to the same place with a group of people in one car. e.g. work/school
To Each His Own: People have different tastes.
To Get Cold Feet: To experience reluctance or fear
To Have a Chip on One’s Shoulder: To be combative, to be consistently argumentative
To Have Butterflies In Your Stomach: To be nervous
To Have One For the Road: To have one last (alcoholic) drink before you go home
To Pay an Arm and a Leg: A very high cost
To Pop (one’s) Cherry: To do something for the first time
To Pull Someone’s Leg: Lie playfully
To Run Hot and Cold: To be unable to make up one’s mind
To the Letter: Exactly (said of instructions or procedures)
Toe the Line: Accept authority, follow the rules
Tone-Deaf: Not good at perceiving the impact of one’s words, insensitive

Tongue-in-Cheek: Said ironically; not meant to be taken seriously
Too Busy Fighting Alligators to Drain the Swamp: So occupied with multiple challenges that one can’t keep the big pict
Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth: A project works best if there is input from a limited number of people
Too Many Chiefs and Not Enough Indians: Everyone wants to be a leader, and no one wants to do the actual work
Too Many To Shake A Stick At: A large number
Toot Your Own Horn: Brag; emphasize one’s own contributions
Top Banana: The boss, the leader
Toss a Wrench (Spanner) Into: Sabotage; cause a process to stop
Touch Base: Meet briefly with someone
Touch One’s Heart: Affect someone emotionally, be touching
Touch Water: Be launched. Said of a boat.
Tough Cookie: A very determined person
Tough Cookie: Someone who can endure hardship; especially: a strong negotiator
Tough Sledding: Difficult progress
Turn a Blind Eye: (to) Choose not to notice something
Turn on a Dime: Quickly reverse direction or position
Turn Someone Inside Out: To cause strong emotional turmoil; to completely change someone
Turn Something on Its Head: Reverse something, cause something to be done in a new way
Turn Turtle: Capsize, turn over

Turn the Corner: To begin to improve after a problem
Turn the Tables: Reverse a situation
Turnabout Is Fair Play: If you suffer from the same suffering you have inflicted on others, that’s only fair
Twenty-Four Seven: At any time
Twist the Knife (in Deeper): Make someone’s suffering worse
Twist the Knife (in Deeper): Make someone’s suffering worse
Two a Penny: Ordinary, inexpensive
Two Peas in A Pod: Two people who are very similar in appearance
Thank God It’s Friday (TGIF): Let’s be happy that the workweek is over!
That Ship Has Sailed: That opportunity has passed.
That’s Music to My Ears: I am very happy to hear this.
That’s a Stretch: What you are suggesting is very difficult to believe; I am very skeptical
That’s All She Wrote: That was the end of the story.
The Apple Never Falls Far From the Tree: Family characteristics are usually inherited
The Birds and the Bees: Human sexuality and reproduction
The Cat Is Out of the Bag: The secret has been revealed.
The Coast Is Clear: We are unobserved; it is safe to proceed.
The Cherry On the Cake: The final thing that makes something perfect
The Deck Is (The Cards Are): Stacked Against You Unfavorable conditions exist.
The Jig Is Up: A secret illicit activity has been exposed; your trickery is finished
The More Things Change, The More They Stay The Same: Although something may seem superficially new, it has not a
The Only Game in Town: The sole option for a particular service.
The Powers That Be: People in charge, often used when the speaker does not want to identify them.
The Real McCoy: A genuine item
The Story Has Legs: People are continuing to pay attention to the story.
The Time is Ripe: If you say that the time is ripe, you mean that it is a suitable point for a particular activity
The Walls Have Ears We: may be overheard; be careful what you say
The Walls Have Ears: We may be overheard; be careful what you say
The Whole Enchilada: All of something.
The Whole Shebang: Everything, all the parts of something
The World Is Your Oyster: You have many opportunities and choices.
There But For The Grace Of God Go I: I could easily have done what that person did.
There’s More Than One Way to Skin a Cat: There’s more than one way of achieving a certain goal.
There’s No Such Thing as a Free Lunch: Nothing is given to you without some expectation of something in return.
Thin On The Ground: Rare, seldom encountered
Think Big: Consider ambitious plans; avoid becoming overly concerned with details
Think Outside the Box: Try to solve a problem in an original way; think creatively
Think Tank: A group of experts engaged in ongoing studies of a particular subject; a policy study group
Think Tank: A group of experts engaged in ongoing studies of a particular subject; a policy study group
Third Rail: A topic so sensitive that it is dangerous to raise. This is especially used in political contexts
Third Time’s a Charm: Even if you fail at something twice, you may well succeed the third time.
Thirty-Thousand-Foot View: A very broad or general perspective
This Has (Person X) Written All Over It: [Person X] would really like or be well suited to this.
This Is Not Your Father’s ____: This item has been much updated from its earlier versions.
Three Sheets to the Wind: Very drunk
Through the Grapevine: Via gossip
Through Thick and Thin: In good times and bad
Throw a Wet Blanket on (Something): Discourage plans for something
Throw a Wrench Into: To sabotage; to cause to fail
Throw Caution to the Wind: To act in a daring way, without forethough
Throw Down the Gauntlet: To issue a challenge
Throw Elbows: Be combative; be aggressive (physically or figuratively)
Throw in the Towel: To give up, admit defeat
Throw Someone for a Loop: Deeply surprise someone; catch someone off guard
Throw Someone Under the Bus: Sacrifice someone else’s interests for your own personal gain
Throw the Baby Out with the Bath Water: Eliminate something good while discarding the bad parts of something
Throw the Baby Out with the Bath Water: To discard something valuable or important while disposing of something w
Throw The Book At: Prosecute legally as strongly as possible
Throw the Fight: Intentionally lose a contest, usually in collusion with gamblers
Throw the Game: Intentionally lose a contest, usually in collusion with gamblers
Throw the Match: Intentionally lose a contest, usually in collusion with gamblers
Thumbs-Up: Approval
Train Wreck: Anything that develops in a disastrous way
Trash Talk: Insults directed at one’s opponent in a sporting event or contest
Tread Water: Maintain a current situation without improvement or decline
Trial Balloon: A test of someone’s or the public’s reaction
Trip the Light Fantastic: Dance well; do ballroom dancing
List of useful English idioms that start with U.
U Turn: A complete change of opinion, direction, etc.
Ugly Duckling: An awkward child or young person who grows into a beautiful person
Under (Below) the Radar: Not generally perceived, below popular consciousness
Under Someone’s Spell: Fascinated, entranced by someone
Under the Impression: Believing something, perhaps mistakenly
Under the Table: Without being officially recorded
Under the Weather: Feeling ill
Under the Weather: Not feeling well

Under Wraps: Temporarily hidden, secret
University of Life: Difficult real-life experience, as opposed to formal education
Until the Cows Come Home: For a long time
Until You’re Blue in the Face: For a long time with no results
Up a Creek: In a very bad situation
Up for Grabs: Available
Up for Grabs: Available for anyone
Up in Arms: Angry, protesting (usually said of a group)
Up in the Air: Not yet decided
Up to One’s Neck: Nearly overwhelmed
Up to Scratch: Meeting a basic standard of competence or quality
Up to Snuff: Meeting a basic standard
Up the Ante: Raise the stakes; increase the importance of something under discussion
Up the Duff: Pregnant
Upset the Apple Cart: To disorganize or spoil something, especially an established arrangement or plan
Use One’s Head: To think, to have common sense
List of useful English idioms that start with V.
Vale of Tears: The world in general, envisioned as a sad place; the tribulations of life
Vicious Circle: A situation in which an attempt to solve a problem makes the original problem worse.
Victory Lap: Visible public appearances after a victory or accomplishment
Virgin Territory: Something that has never been explored, physically or intellectually
Vote with One’s Feet: To physically depart from something as a way of showing disapproval
List of useful English idioms that start with W.
Waiting in the Wings: Ready to assume responsibilities but not yet active, ready to become a successor
Waka-Jumping: Change political parties (said of politicians themselves)
Wake Up and Smell the Coffee: Stop deluding yourself
Wake Up on the Wrong Side of the Bed: Be grumpy or ill-humored. Generally used in past tense
Walk on Eggshells: To have to act very sensitively in order to avoid offending someone
Walk the Plank: Be forced to resign a position
Wandering Eye: A tendency to look at and desire women or men other than one’s committed romantic partner
Wandering Eye: A tendency to look at and desire women or men other than one’s committed romantic partner
Wash Your Hands of (Something): Decline to take further responsibility; refuse to be involved with something anymor
Water Under the Bridge: Something in the past that’s no longer worth worrying about
Watering Hole: A place where alcoholic beverages are served, a bar
Weekend Warrior: Someone who has an office job but enjoys contact sports on weekends; a member of a military rese
weekends)
We’ll Cross That Bridge: When We Come to It We’ll deal with that problem if and when it comes up
Welsh (Welch) on a Deal: Not observe the terms of an agreement
Wet Behind the Ears: inexperienced, immature, new to something

Wet Behind the Ears: Inexperienced, immature, new to something
Wet Blanket: Someone who dampens a festive occasion
Wet Your Whistle: Drink something
What Do You Make of (Him)?: What is your evaluation of this person?
What Goes Around Comes Around: The kind of treatment you give to others will eventually return to you; things go in
What’s Good for the Goose Is Good for the Gander: What’s OK for a man is OK for a woman, too
When Hell Freezes Over: Never
When In Doubt, Leave It Out: When unsure about something, omit it.
When in Rome, Do as the Romans Do: When you visit a new place, follow the customs of the people there
When It Rains, It Pours: Problems tend to come in groups.
When Pigs Fly: Never
When the Chips Are Down: When a situation becomes urgent or difficult
Where (When) the Rubber: Meets the Road In reality; where an idea meets a real-world test
Where There’s a Will, There’s a Way: If you have a strong desire to accomplish something, you will achieve it even in th
Where There’s Smoke, There’s Fire: If there is typical evidence of something, the most likely explanation is that it is act
Whisper Sweet Nothings (in Someone’s Ear): Speak meaningless romantic utterances
Whistle in the Dark: To be unrealistically confident or brave; to talk about something of which one has little knowledge
Whistle Past the Graveyard: Remain optimistic despite dangers; be clueless
Whistling Dixie: Being unrealistically optimistic

White Elephant: An unwanted item that is difficult to sell or dispose of
Who’s She, the Cat’s Mother?: Why does she have such a high opinion of herself?
Wild Goose Chase: An impossible or futile search or task
Window Dressing: A misleading disguise intended to present a favorable impression
Window Shop: To look at merchandise in a store without intending to buy it
Witch Hunt: An organized attempt to persecute an unpopular group of people and blame them for a problem.
With Bells On: Eagerly, willingly, and on time.
Work One’s Fingers to the Bone: Work very hard over an extended period
Worn to a Frazzle: Exhausted, completely worn out
Wouldn’t Be Caught Dead: Would absolutely not allow myself to do this
Writing (Handwriting) on the Wall: Hints of coming disaster
List of useful English idioms that start with Y.
Year In, Year Out: Annually without change
You Can Lead a Horse to Water, but You Can’t Make It Drink: It’s very hard to force someone to do something against
You Can Say That Again!: I agree totally!
You Can Take It to the Bank: I absolutely guarantee this
You Can’t Judge a Book by Its Cover: You can’t know people (or things) well by their external appearances.
You Can’t Make an Omelet (Omelette): Without Breaking
You Can’t Make Fish of One and Fowl of the Other: People must be treated equally.
You Know the Drill: You are already familiar with the procedure.
You Snooze, You Lose: If you delay or are not alert, you will miss opportunities
Young at Heart: Having a youthful outlook, regardless of age
Your Guess Is as Good as Mine: I don’t know; I have no idea
Your Mileage May Vary: You may get different results. This does not necessarily refer to a car, although it may.
Your Number Is Up: You are going to die (or suffer some bad misfortune or setback)
You’re Driving Me Nuts: To make someone giddy or crazy
Yours Truly: Me
List of useful English idioms that start with Z.
Zero In On: Focus closely on something; take aim at something
Zig When One Should Be Zagging: To make an error; to choose an incorrect course
Zip One’s Lip: Be quiet

ENGLISH
SYNONYMS

Code: NABARD50
SYNONYMS
1 Abandon Leave, forsake.
2 Abettor Accomplice
3 Abnegation Denial
4 Abridge Shorten, curtail.
5 Abundant Plentiful.
6 Behaviour Demeanour
7 Bereft Deprived
8 Bias Predilection
9 Brutal Savage, cruel. 50% OFF on NABARD courses

Code: NABARD50
10 Callous Hard, cruel.
SYNONYMS
11 Calm Quiet, tranquil.
12 Carouse Frolic
13 Casual Uncertain
14 Crescendo Escalation
15 Crusade Campaign
16 Cupidity Greed
17 Damage Loss, harm, injury.
18 Decorate Adron, embellish.
19 Deformity Malformation, disfigurement.

Code: NABARD50
20 Earnest Serious, solemn.
SYNONYMS
21 Embargo Barrier
22 Emergency Exigency
23 Esoteric Abstruse
24 Eternal Forever
25 Exceptional Unusual, rare.
26 Fascinate Charm, enchant.
27 Ferocious Fierce, savage.
28 Fiendish Cruel
29 Genuine Real. 50% OFF on NABARD courses

Code: NABARD50
30 Genre Category
SYNONYMS
31 Gigantic Colossal, great.
32 Guilt Sin, crime.
33 Guzzle Imbibe
34 Haughty Arrogant, proud.
35 Hazardous Dangerous, risky, perilous.
36 Humility Modesty, politeness.
37 Illiterate Unlearned, ignorant.
38 Imperious Authoritative, dictatorial.
39 Impertinent Impudent, insolent, shameless.

Code: NABARD50
40 Incinerate Ignite
SYNONYMS
41 Jaded Tired
42 Jolly Jovial, merry.
43 Judicious Discreet, prudent.
44 Knavery Fraud
45 Laborious Assiduous, industrious.
46 Laconic Concise
47 Lament Grieve, mourn.
48 Lethargy Sluggishness
49 Maestro Genius 50% OFF on NABARD courses

Code: NABARD50
50 Magnificent Splendid, grand.
SYNONYMS
51 Marvellous Wonderful
52 Meagre Small.
53 Multitude Mass, Assembly, Gathering
54 Nauseous Loathsome
55 Nice Pleasant, agreeable.
56 Notable Remarkable, memorable.
57 Notorious Infamous.
58 Obliterate Destory, efface.
59 Obsolete Antiquated. 50% OFF on NABARD courses

Code: NABARD50
60 Ominous Threatening
SYNONYMS
61 Opportune Timely
62 Oracular Cryptic
63 Pal Buddy
64 Pandemonium Chaos
65 Pensive Thoughtful.
66 Perennial Permanent, perpetual.
67 Persuade Induce, urge.
68 Profligate Immoral
69 Quaint Queer, odd, singular. 50% OFF on NABARD courses

Code: NABARD50
70 Queer Strange, odd.
SYNONYMS
71 Questionable Doubtful.
72 Radiant Bright, brilliant.
73 Rational Logical
74 Refined Elegant.
75 Rejoice Delight.
76 Revile Abuse
77 Ruck Mass, Pile, Heap
78 Sacred Holy, consecrated, pious.
79 Satiate Satisfy. 50% OFF on NABARD courses

Code: NABARD50
80 Scanty Slender, meagre.
SYNONYMS
81 Splayed Spread
82 Synopsis Summary
83 Talkative Garrulous
84 Temerity Boldness
85 Temperate Moderate.
86 Thankful Grateful, obliged.
87 Ugly Repulsive
88 Urbane Polite, courteous, suave.
89 Urge Press, incite. 50% OFF on NABARD courses

Code: NABARD50
90 Vacillatge Waver
SYNONYMS
91 Venerable Respectable
92 Verbatim Exactly
93 Vigilance Watchfulness
94 Wealthy Rich
95 Wickedness Evil.
96 Wild Savage.
97 Yield Surrender.
98 Yielding Submissive.
99 Zeal Passion. 50% OFF on NABARD courses

Code: NABARD50
100 Zenith Top, summit.
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

ENGLISH
ANTONYMS

Code: NABARD50
ANTONYMS
Word Antonym Word Antonym
Acumen Stupidity, Ignorance Adhere Condemn, disjoin
Abash Uphold, Discompose Abate Aggravate
Abortive Productive Adamant Flexible, Soft
Adjunct Separated, Subtracted Allay Aggravate, Excite
Ascend Climb Escalate Audacity Mildness, Cowardice
Axiom Absurdity, Blunder Baffle Facilitate, Clarify
Bleak Bright, Pleasant Barbarous Civilized
Barrier Link, Assistance Befogged Clear-headed,

50%Uncloud
OFF on NABARD courses
Code: NABARD50
ANTONYMS
Bleak Bright, Cheerful Bold Timid
Calamity Fortune Captivate Disillusion offend
Comprise Reject, lack Consent Object Disagree
Contradict Approve, Confirm Camouflage Reveal
Carnal Spiritual Cement Disintegrate
Clandestine Open, Legal Comic Tragic, tragedian
Conceit Modesty Concord Discord
Consolidate Weaken Cunning Nave, Coarse
Deceit Veracity, Sincerity Defray Disclaim, Repudiate

Code: NABARD50
ANTONYMS
Deprive Restore, Renew Denounce Defend
Docile Headstrong, obstinate Dwarf Huge, Giant
Eclipse Shine, eclipse Efface Retain, Maintain
Endeavour Cease, quit Epitome Increment, expansion
Fabricate Destroy, Dismantle Fanatical Liberal, Tolerant
Feud Harmony, fraternity Forsake Hold, maintain
Frivolous Solemn, significant Gloom Delight, mirth
Gracious Rude, Unforgiving Guile Honesty, frankness
Glory Shame, Disgrace Harass Assist, comfort

Code: NABARD50
ANTONYMS
Hideous Attractive, alluring Humble Proud, Assertive
Impenitent Repentant Indifferent Partial, Biased
Infernal Heavenly Immense Puny, Insignificant
Immunity Blame, Censure Impious Pious, Devout
Infringe Comply, Concur Insipid Delicious, luscious
Jaded Renewed, recreated Jejune Interesting, exciting
Justify Impute, arraign Keen Vapid, insipid
Knell Reconstruction, rediscovery Lax Firm, reliable
Linger Hasten, quicken Lure Repel, dissuade

Code: NABARD50
ANTONYMS
Mandatory Optional Miraculous Ordinary, trivial
Molest Console, soothe Murky Bright, shining
Nimble Sluggish, languid Nullify Confirm, Uphold
Obstruct Hasten, encourage Obtain Forfeit
Ominous Auspicious Oracular Lucid, distinct
Pacify Irritate, worsen Perturbed Calm
Precarious Assured Quibble Unfeign, plain
Restrain Incite Ravage Reconstruct, renovate
Remonstrate Agree, loud Retract Confirm,50%

assert
Code: NABARD50
ANTONYMS
Sacred Ungodly, Profane Steep Flat, gradual
System Chaos, Disorder Scanty Lavish, multitude
Solicit Protest oppose Taboo Permit, consent
Throng Dispersion, sparsity Trivial Significant, veteran
Thrifty Extravagant Transparent Opaque
Urchin Creep, Knave Vagrant Steady, settled
Veteran Novice, tyro Vouch Repudiate, prohibit
Wan Bright, healthy Wed Divorce, Separate
Wile Naivety, honour Yell Whisper50%

muted
Code: NABARD50
ANTONYMS
Yearn Content, satisfy Yoke Liberate, Release
Zeal Apathy, lethargy Zenith Nadir, base
Zest Disgust, passive Zig -zag Straight, unbent

Code: NABARD50
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

ENGLISH
ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION

Code: NABARD50
PHOBIAS
1.Fear of height – Acrophobia (ऊंचाई से डरना)
2.Fear of water –hydrophobia (पानी से डरना)
3.Fear of public places. large or open places – Agoraphobia (public place से डर लगना)
4.Fear of crowd -Demophobia (लोगों से डर)
5.Fear of women – Gynophobia(महिलाओं से डर)
6.Fear of book – Bibliophobia (किताबों से डर)
7.Fear of being confined in a particular place –Claustrophobia (बंद आस्थानों से डर)
8.Fear of foreigners – Xenophobia (विदे शियों से डर)
9.Fear of Depths – Bathophobia (गिराई से डर)
10.Fear of Ugliness – Cacophobia (भद्दे पन से डर)
11.Fear of Beauty – Callophobia (सुन्दरता से डर)
12.Fear of Colours – Chromophobia (रं गों से डर)
13.Fear of Dogs – Cynophobia (िुत्तों से डर) 50% OFF on NABARD courses
14.Fear of fire – pyrophobia (आग से डर) Code: NABARD50
15.Fear of trees – Dendrophobia (पेड़ों से डर)
KILLING
1.Killing of one’s father – Patricide (वपता िी ित्या)
2.Killing of one’s mother – Matricide (माता िी ित्या)
3.Killing of one’s parents – Parricide (माता-वपता िी ित्या)
4.Killing of one’s brother – Fratricide (भाई िी ित्या)
5.Killing of one’s sister – Sororicide (बिन िी ित्या)
6.Killing of one’s wife – Uxoricide (पत्नी िी ित्या)
7.Killing of one’s husband – Meriticide (पतत िी ित्या)
8.Killing of one’s child – Filicide (अपने संतान िी ित्या)
9.Killing of infants – Infanticide (निजात िी ित्या)
10.Killing of foetus – Foeticide (भ्रूण िी ित्या)
11.Killing of a particular race of people –Genocide (वििेष जातत िे लोगों िी ित्या)
12.Killing of a man – Homicide (मानि ित्या)
13.Killing of a dog – Cannicide (िुत्ते िी ित्या) 50% OFF on NABARD courses
14.Killing of a snake – Herpeticide (सााँपों िी ित्या) Code: NABARD50
15.Killing of a king –Regicide (राजा िी ित्या)
FORM OF GOVERNMENTS
1.Government by none – Anarchy (अराजिता)
2.Government by the nobility – Aristocracy (श्रे ष्ठ जनों िे द्िारा राज्य िासन)
3.Government by one man with absolute power -Autocracy (तानािािी सिि)
4.Government by officials responsible only to their chiefs – Bureaucracy (नौिरिािी)
5.Government of the people by the people and for the people – Democracy (लोितंत्र)
6.Rule by old men – Gerontocracy (िद्ृ ध व्यक्ततयों िा िासन)
7.Rule bye one woman or women – Gynocracy (महिलाओं िा िासन)
8.Government by a controlling group of people – Hierarchy (सामूहिि िासन)
9.Rule by those in power due to their ability – Meritocracy (योग्यता िे अनस ु ार िासन)
10.Government by a crowd of people – Mobocracy (भीड़तंत्र)
11.Government by a king – Monarchy ( राजा िा िासन)
12.Rule by one person – Monocracy (एि व्यक्तत िा िासन)
13.Government by a few people in power – Oligarchy (अल्प तंत्र)
14.Government by rich men -Plutocracy (धतन व्यक्ततओं िा िासन याधतनि तन्त्र)
15.Government by many men – Polyarchy (बिुतंत्र)
16.Rule by the military – Stratocracy (िै न्य िासन) 50% OFF on NABARD courses
– Theocracy (परु ोहितों िा
Code: NABARD50
17.Government which regards God as its head and is governed by priests/clergymen
िासन)
NAME OF DOCTORS
1.One who treats heart diseases – Cardiologist (ह्रदय रोग वििेषज्ञ)
2.One who treats female diseases – Gynaecologist (स्त्री रोग वििेषज्ञ)
3.One who treats skin diseases – Dermatologist (चामम रोगवििेषज्ञ)
4.Doctor who treats eye diseases – Ophthalmologist (आंख िा डॉतटर)
5.Dealer in optical goods – Optician (चश्में बेचने िाला या प्रिािविज्ञानिास्री)
6.Specialist in fitting spectacles – Optometrist (चश्में बनाने िाला)
7.Doctors who treat children’s diseases- Paediatrician (बाल रोगवििेषज्ञ)
8.One who treats illness of old people – Gerontologist ( बढ़ ू े व्यक्ततयों िा डॉतटर)
9.One who treats kidney diseases – Nephrologist (किडनी िा डॉतटर)
10.One who treats diseases of the bones – Orthopedist (िड्डी रोगवििेषज्ञ
11.One who studies the cause and development of diseases of the body – Pathologist (रोग
जााँच िरने िाला) 50% OFF on NABARD courses
12.One who treats mental diseases- Psychiatrist (मक्स्तष्ि रोगवििे षज्ञ)
Code: NABARD50
WORDS PERTAINING TO SCIENCES AND ARTS
1.The science of sound – Acoustics (ध्ितन विज्ञान)
2.The science of aviation – Aeronautics (एयरोनॉहटतस)
3.The study of man, esp.,of the evolution and customs of mankind – Anthropology (मनष्ु य
जातत िा विज्ञान)
4.The study of human antiquities – Archaeology (परु ातत्ि विज्ञान)
5.The science of heavenly bodies – Astronomy (खगोल विज्ञान)
6.The science of travel in space – Astronautics (अन्तररक्ष विज्ञान)
7.The science of life and living things – Biology (जीि विज्ञान)
8.The science of plants – Botany (िनस्पतत विज्ञान)
9.The art of making pottery – Ceramics (शमट्टी िे पात्र)
10.The science of colours –Chromatology (रं ग विज्ञान)
11.The study of statistics of births, deaths ,diseases, etc., of a community – Demography
(जनसांक्ययिी) 50% OFF on NABARD courses
पणू म NABARD50
12.The art of effective speaking esp. in public – Elocution (प्रभाि Code: बोलने िी िला)
13.The study of insects – Entomology (िीटविज्ञान)
14. The science which deals with the variances of the human race – Ethnology (चररत्र विज्ञान)
15. The science of the origin and history of words – Etymology (िब्द-व्युपवत्त)
16. The study of coins or coinage – Numismatic ( शसतिों िा अध्यन)
17. The study of birds – Ornithology (पक्षी विज्ञान)
18. The study of mountains – Orology (पिमतों िा अध्यन)
19. The study of ancient modes of writing – Paleography (प्राचीन शिलालेखों िा अध्ययन)
20. The art of elegant speech of writing – Rhetoric ( प्रभाि पूण म सब्दों िा प्रयोग िरना)
21. The science of poisons – Toxicology (विषज्ञान)
22. Using hypnosis – Hypnotherapy ( सम्मोिन विज्ञान)
23. Using natural things – Naturopathy (प्रािृतति विज्ञान)
24. Using exercise,massage – Physiotherapy (बबजली द्िारा इलाज)
Code: NABARD50
MANIACS (CRAZE)
1.A person having a craze for anything english – Anglomaniac (अंग्रजी िे प्रतत दीिानगी)
2.A person having a craze for collecting books – Bibliomaniac (पुस्तिों िा प्यार िरनेिाला)
3.A person having a sickly desire for alcohol – Dipsomaniac (िराब िा लती)
4.A person with an irresistible desire to steal – Kleptomaniac (चोरी िरने िी दीिानगी)
5.A person with a false impression that he is great and powerful –
Megalomaniac (सिमिक्ततमान समझने िी बीमारी)
6.A person having an unreasonable interest in any particular living, one idea or area of thought
– Monomaniac (किसी एि िे प्रतत दीिानगी)
7.A person who has an irresistible desire to set fire – Pyromaniac (आग लगाने िी दीिानगी)
8.A person who believes that he is God – Theomaniac (स्ियं िो भगिान समझने िी बीमारी)
9.A person having an excessive attachment to foreign thing – Xenomaniac (विदेिी सामान िे
प्रतत दीिानगी) 50% OFF on NABARD courses
Code: NABARD50
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

ENGLISH

Code: NABARD50
List of One Word Substitution for “Individual Character/ Person/ People”
PHRASE ONE WORD
One who is not sure about God’s existence Agnostic
A person who deliberately sets fire to a building Arsonist
One who does a thing for pleasure and not as a profession Amateur
One who can use either hand with ease Ambidextrous
One who makes an official examination of accounts Auditor
A person who believes in or tries to bring about a state of lawlessness
Anarchist
A person who has changed his faith Apostate
One who does not believe in the existence of God Atheist
A person appointed by two parties to solve a dispute Arbitrator
One who leads an austere life Ascetic
One who does a thing for pleasure and not as a profession Amateur
One who can either hand with ease Ambidextrous
An unconventional style of living Bohemian
One who is bad in spellings Cacographer
Code: NABARD50
One who feeds on human flesh Cannibal
A person who is blindly devoted to an idea/ A person displaying
aggressive or exaggerated patriotism Chauvinist
A critical judge of any art and craft Connoisseur
Persons living at the same time Contemporaries
One who is recovering health after illness Convalescent
A girl/woman who flirts with man Coquette
A person who regards the whole world as his country Cosmopolitan
One who is a centre of attraction Cynosure
One who sneers at the beliefs of others Cynic
A leader or orator who espoused the cause of the common people
Demagogue
A person having a sophisticated charm Debonair
Code: NABARD50
A leader who sways his followers by his oratory Demagogue
A dabbler (not serious) in art, science and literature Dilettante
One who is for pleasure of eating and drinking Epicure
One who often talks of his achievements Egotist
Someone who leaves one country to settle in another Emigrant
A man who is womanish in his habits Effeminate
One hard to please (very selective in his habits) Fastidious
One who runs away from justice Fugitive
One who is filledwith excessive enthusiasm in religious matters
Fanatic
One who believes in fate Fatalist
A lover of good food Gourmand
Conferred as an honour Honorary
Code: NABARD50
A person who acts against religion Heretic
A person of intellectual or erudite tastes Highbrow
A patient with imaginary symptoms and ailments Hypochondriac
A person who is controlled by wife Henpeck
One who shows sustained enthusiastic action with unflagging vitality
Indefatigable
Someone who attacks cherished ideas or traditional institutions
Iconoclast
One who does not express himself freely Introvert
Who behaves without moral principles Immoral
A person who is incapable of being tampered with Impregnable
One who is unable to pay his debts Insolvent
A person who is mentally ill 50% OFFLunatic
on NABARD courses
Code: NABARD50
A person who dislikes humankind and avoids human society
Misanthrope
A person who primarily concerned with making money at the expense of

ethics Mercenary
Someone in love with himself Narcissist
One who collect coins as hobby Numismatist
A person who likes or admires women Philogynist
A lover of mankind Philanthropist
A person who speaks more than one language Polyglot
One who lives in solitude Recluse

Code: NABARD50
Someone who walks in sleep Somnambulist
A person who is indifferent to the pains and pleasures of life

Stoic
A scolding nagging bad-tempered woman Termagant
A person who shows a great or excessive fondness for one’s wife

Uxorious
One who possesses outstanding technical ability in a particular art or
field Virtuoso

Code: NABARD50
One Word Substitution List for “Collection/ Group”
PHRASE ONE WORD
A group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place
Battery
A large bundle bound for storage or transport Bale
A large gathering of people of a particular type Bevy
An arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present
Bouquet
A family of young animals Brood
A group of things that have been hidden in a secret place Cache
A group of people, typically with vehicles or animals travelling together
Caravan
A closed political meeting Caucus
An exclusive circle of people with a common purpose Clique
A group of followers hired to applaud at a performance Claque
A series of stars Constellation
Code: NABARD50
A funeral procession Cortege
One Word Substitution List for “Collection/ Group”
A group of worshippers Congregation
A herd or flock of animals being driven in a body Drove
A small fleet of ships or boats Flotilla
A small growth of trees without underbrush Grove
A community of people smaller than a village Hamlet
A group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals Herd
A large group of people Horde

A temporary police force Posse
A large number of fish swimming together 50% OFFShoal

on NABARD courses
Code: NABARD50
A strong and fast-moving stream of water or other liquid Torrent
One Word Substitutes List for “Research/ Profession”
PHRASE ONE WORD
The medieval forerunner of chemistry Alchemy
A person who presents a radio/television programme Anchor
One who studies the evolution of mankind Anthropologist
A person who is trained to travel in a spacecraft Astronaut
The scientific study of the physiology, structure, genetics, ecology,
distribution, classification, and economic importance of plants Botany
A person who draws or produces maps Cartographer
A person who writes beautiful writing Calligrapher
A person who composes the sequence of steps and moves for a
performance of dance Choreographer
A person employed to drive a private or hired car Chauffeur
A person who introduces the performers or contestants in a variety show
Compere
A keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection Curator
Code: NABARD50
The branch of biology concerned with cyclical physiological
phenomena Chronobiology
A secret or disguised way of writing Cypher
The study of statistics Demography
The use of the fingers and hands to communicate and convey ideas
Dactylology
A person who sells and arranges cut flowers Florist
A line of descent traced continuously from an ancestor Genealogy
The therapeutic use of sunlight Heliotherapy
The art or practice of garden cultivation and management Horticulture
One who supervises in the examination hall Invigilator

Code: NABARD50
The theory or philosophy of law Jurisprudence
A person who compiles dictionaries Lexicographer
The scientific study of the structure and diseases of teeth Odontology
One who presents a radio programme Radio Jockey
The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing Rhetoric
The branch of science concerned with the origin, structure, and
composition of rocks Petrology
One who study the elections and trends in voting Psephologist
An artist who makes sculptures. Sculptor
The scientific study of the behaviour, structure, physiology,
classification, and distribution of animals Zoology
Code: NABARD50
Important One Word Substitution for “Spot/ Venue”
PHRASE ONE WORD
A collectionof historical documents or records providing information
about a place, institution, or group of people Archives
A large cage, building, or enclosure for keeping birds in Aviary
A building where animals are butchered Abattoir
A place where bees are kept; a collection of beehives Apiary
A building containing tanks of live fish of different species Aquarium
A place or scene of activity, debate, or conflict Arena
A collection of weapons and military equipment Arsenal
An institution for the care of people who are mentally ill Asylum
A hole or tunnel dug by a small animal, especially a rabbit, as a dwelling
Burrow
A collectionof items of the same type storedin a hidden or inaccessible
place 50% OFFCache
on NABARD courses
A public room or building where gambling games are played Code: NABARD50
Casino
A large burial ground, especially one not in a churchyard Cemetery
A room in a public building where outdoor clothes or luggage may be
left Cloakroom
A place where a dead person’s body is cremated Crematorium
a Christian community of nuns living together under monastic vows Convent
Nursery where babies and young children are cared for during the
working day Creche
A stoppered glass container into which wine or spirit is decanted
Decanter
A large bedroom for a number of people in a school or institution
Dormitory
The nest of a squirrel, typically in the form of a mass of twigs in a tree
Drey
A room or building equipped for gymnastics, games, and other physical
exercise Gymnasium
Code: NABARD50
A storehouse for threshed grain Granary
A large building with an extensive floor area, typically for housing aircraft.
Hangar
A box or cage, typically with a wire mesh front, for keeping rabbits or
other small domesticated animals Hutch
A place in a large institution for the care of those who are ill
Infirmary
A small shelter for a dog Kennel
A place where wild animal live Lair
A place where coins, medals, or tokens are made Mint
A collection of wild animals kept in captivity for exhibition
Menagerie
A building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under
religious vows Monastery
A place where bodies are kept for identification Morgue
A piece of enclosed land planted with fruit trees Orchard
Code: NABARD50
A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply Reservoir
A small kitchen or room at the back of a house used for washing dishes
and another dirty household work Scullery
A close-fitting cover for the blade of a knife or sword Sheath
A room or building for sick children in a boarding school Sanatorium
A place where animal hides are tanned Tannery
A large, tall cupboard in which clothes may be hung or stored Wardrobe

Code: NABARD50
One Word Substitution PDF for “Government/ Systems”
PHRASE ONE WORD
A state of disorder due to absence or non-recognition of authority or
other controlling systems Anarchy
A form of government in which power is held by the nobility
Aristocracy
A system of government by one personwith absolute power
Autocracy
A self-governing country or region Autonomy
A system of government in which most of the important decisions are
taken by state officials rather than by elected representatives Bureaucracy
A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible
members of a state, typically through elected representatives Democracy
A state, society, or group governed by old people Gerontocracy
A state or country run by the worst, least qualified, or most unscrupulous
citizens Code: NABARD50
Kakistocracy
Government by new or inexperienced hands Neocracy
One Word Substitution PDF for “Government/ Systems”
Government by the populace Ochlocracy
A small group of people having control of a country or organization
Oligarchy
Government by the wealthy Plutocracy
Government not connected with religious or spiritual matters
Secular
A form of government with a monarch at the head Monarchy
A political system based on government of men by God Thearchy

Code: NABARD50
One Word Substitution for “Fear/ Phobia”
PHRASE ONE WORD
An extreme or irrational fear of heights Acrophobia
An irrational fear of fresh air or drafts of air Aerophobia
Fear of being egotistical, being alone or isolated Autophobia
A phobia of pain Algophobia
An abnormal fear of heights Altophobia
An emotional disorder characterized by an obsessive desire to lose
weight by refusing to eat Anorexia
An extreme or irrational fear of open or public places Agoraphobia
An abnormal and persistent fear of depths Bathophobia
Fear or hatred of books Bibliophobia
Fear of ugliness and things that are ugly Cacophobia
A dislike of being in the centre Centrophobia
An extreme fear about beauty Code: NABARD50
Cellophobia
Fear of time Chronophobia
Fear of dogs Cynophobia
An extreme or irrational fear of confined places Claustrophobia
A delusion of being possessed by evil spirits Demonomania
An abnormal and persistent fear of drinking alcohol Dipsophobia
An abnormal and persistent fear of work or finding employment
Ergophobia
Fear of getting married, being in a relationship, or commitment
Gamophobia
Physical or psychological fear of sexual relations or sexual intercourse
Genophobia
Fear of old age Geraphobia
Fear of knowledge Gnosiophobia
Fear of women Gynaephobia
Fear of writing or handwriting Graphophobia
Code: NABARD50
An irrational and intense fear of travel Hodophobia
An excessive fear or aversion to obtaining pleasure Hedonophobia
Fear of disease Haemetophobia
An obsessive fear of words Logophobia
An extreme fear of wind or drafts Menemophobia
An extreme or irrational fear of the night or of darkness Nyctophobia
Fear of medication Pharamacophobia
Fear of death Thanatophobia
Extreme superstition regarding the number thirteen Triskaidekaphobia

Code: NABARD50
One Word Substitution for “Murder/ Death”
PHRASE ONE WORD
A solemn procession, especially for a funeral Cortege
A poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead
Elegy
A phrase or form of words written in memory of a person who has died
Epitaph
Killing of one’s son or daughter Filicide
Destruction or abortion of a fetus Foeticide
Killing of one’s brother or sister Fratricide
Killing of a large group of people Genocide
Killing of one person by another Homicide
Killing of infants Infanticide
Burial of a corpse in a grave or tomb Interment
Code: NABARD50
Killing of one’s mother Matricide
One Word Substitution for “Murder/ Death”
A room or building in which dead bodies are kept Mortuary
A news article that reports the recent death of a person Obituary
Killing of a parent or other near relative Parricide
Killing of one’s father Patricide
An examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death
Postmortem
Action of killing a king Regicide
Killing of one’s sister Sororicide
Act of intentionally causing one’s own death Suicide
Killing of one’s wife Uxoricide

Code: NABARD50
One Word Substitution for “Generic Terms”
PHRASE ONE WORD
An act of abdicating or renouncing the throne Abdication
An annual calendar containing important dates and statistical information
such as astronomical data and tide tables Almanac
A cold-blooded vertebrate animal that is born in water and breathes with
gills Amphibian
A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden
meaning, typically a moral or political one Allegory
A statement or proposition on which an abstractly defined structure is
based Axiom
A nation or person engaged in war or conflict, as recognized by
international law Belligerent
An examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the
presence, cause, or extent of a disease 50% OFF Biopsy
on NABARD courses
The action or offence of speaking sacrilegiouslyabout God or sacred things;Code: NABARD50
profane talk Blasphemy
The arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence
Chronology
A vigorous campaignfor political, social, or religious change
Crusade
Lasting for a very short time Ephemeral
Spoken or done without preparation Extempore
Release someone from a duty or obligation Exonerate
Fond of company Gregarious
Making marks that cannot be removed Indelible
Incapable of making mistakes or being wrong Infallible
Certain to happen Inevitable
A sentimental longing or wistful affectionfor a period in the past
50% OFF Nostalgia
on NABARD courses
A solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases Code: NABARD50
Panacea
A doctrine which identifies God with the universe Pantheism
Excessively concerned with minor details or rules Pedantic
The practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off
as one’s own Plagiarism
Safe to drink Potable
The emblems or insignia of royalty Regalia
Violation or misuse of what is regarded as sacred Sacrilege
A position requiring little or no work but giving the holder status or
financial benefit Sinecure
A thing that is kept as a reminder of a person, place, or event
Souvenir
An imaginary ideal society free of poverty and suffering Utopia
Denoting a sin that is not regardedas depriving the soul of divine grace
Venial
In exactly the same words as were used originally 50% OFF Verbatim
on NABARD courses
Code: NABARD50
THANKS
ALL THE BEST

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PARTS OF SPEECH 1

SPEECH IS A GROUP OF WORDS

1. Noun 2. Pronoun 3. Adjective

1. A noun is the name of person, animal, place or thing.

2. A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun

7. A conjunction is used to join words, group of words or sentences.

Consider this example:

(‘A’ and ‘the’ are articles. Articles are actually adjectives.)

Rule No 1. Singular subject must have singular verb.

Rule No 2. Plural subject must have plural verb.

Rule No 3. Two subjects joined by ‘and’ take a plural verb.

Rule No 4. If two subjects express one idea, use a singular verb.

Rule No 10. Title of the books needs singular verbs:

Rule No 12. If the subject is ‘The number of’..…use a singular verb. :

SV AGREEMENT – SPOT THE ERROR

SV AGREEMENT PRACTICE EXERCISE

2. Lime and soda (A) / is (B) / a digestive drink. (C) / no error(D)

For example: – Apple, Ram, Pencil, Chandigarh, etc.

Action: Movement, action, activity, theft, hatred, mischief.

Quality: Truth, honesty, kindness, goodness, bravery, wisdom .

State: Childhood, Boyhood, Youth, Freedom, Slavery, Sickness, Sleep.

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

SINGULAR AND PLURAL FORMS OF CERTAIN NOUNS

USE OF POSSESSIVE CASE

1) When the Noun denotes some living thing; as,

2) When the Noun denotes some personified things; as,

3) When the Noun denotes time, space, or weight; as,

ERRORS IN THE USE OF NOUN

Furniture The furniture of my house is quite new.

Riches Riches do many things.

The fishes of this river include salmon and sturgeon.

NOUNS CLASSROOM EXERCISE

1. The cattles are grazing.

NOUNS HOMEWORK EXERCISE

12) They left)A)/ their luggages(B)/ at the railway station(C)/ no error(D)

Pronouns are words used to replace nouns already mentioned.

Who Whom Whose -

ERRORS IN THE USE OF PRONOUN

4. ‘Let’, ‘But’ and ‘Except’ is followed by pronoun in the objective case.

9. The possessive pronoun of the indefinite pronoun ‘One’ is ‘one’s’.

1) Between you and I, the secretary is not a gentleman.

PRONOUNS HOMEWORK EXERCISE

REFLEXIVE AND RELATIVE PRONOUNS 6

The relative pronoun should be placed as near as possible to the antecedent.

Here is the book that you lent me.

Which is used for animals and non living.

Whose is used in possessive case both for persons and animals.

The girl whose hair is long is my sister.

‘Only’, ‘any’, ‘it is’, ‘all’, ‘superlatives’ usually take ‘that’

He is the only man that can do it.

PRONOUNS CLASSWORK EXERCISE

4) My I know (1)/ to who (2)/ I am (3)/ speaking? (4)/ No error (5)

Simple Present Tense is used:

• To express general or universal truths.

• To express a fact or something which is true at present.

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

3. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE