Lecture Notes For Section 13-4

SYLLABUS CONTENT
CHAPTER 3:
KINETICS OF PARTICLES IN PLANE MOTION
3.1 FORCE AND ACCELERATION
3.2 PRINCIPLE OF WORK AND ENERGY
3.3 PRINCIPLE OF IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM

EQUATIONS OF MOTION:
RECTANGULAR COORDINATES
Today’s Objectives:
Students will be able to:
1. Apply Newton’s second law
to determine forces and In-Class Activities:
accelerations for particles in • Reading Quiz
rectilinear motion. • Applications
• Equations of Motion Using
Rectangular (Cartesian)
Coordinates
• Concept Quiz
• Group Problem Solving
READING QUIZ
1. In dynamics, the friction force acting on a moving object is

always ________
A) in the direction of its motion. B) a kinetic friction.
C) a static friction. D) zero.
2. If a particle is connected to a spring, the elastic spring force

is expressed by F = ks . The “s” in this equation is the
A) spring constant.
B) un-deformed length of the spring.
C) difference between deformed length and un-deformed
length.
D) deformed length of the spring.
APPLICATIONS
If a man is trying to move a 100 N crate, how large a force F

must he exert to start moving the crate? What factors influence
how large this force must be to start moving the crate?
If the crate starts moving, is there acceleration present?
What would you have to know before you could find these
answers?
RECTANGULAR COORDINATES
(Section 13.4)
The equation of motion, F = m a, is best used when the problem
requires finding forces (especially forces perpendicular to the
path), accelerations, velocities, or mass. Remember, unbalanced
forces cause acceleration!
Three scalar equations can be written from this vector equation.
The equation of motion, being a vector equation, may be
expressed in terms of its three components in the Cartesian
(rectangular) coordinate system as
F = ma or Fx i + Fy j + Fz k = m(ax i + ay j + az k)
or, as scalar equations, Fx = max , Fy = may , and Fz = maz .
PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS
• Free Body Diagram (always critical!!)

Establish your coordinate system and draw the particle’s
free body diagram showing only external forces. These
external forces usually include the weight, normal forces,
friction forces, and applied forces. Show the ‘ma’ vector
(sometimes called the inertial force) on a separate diagram.
Make sure any friction forces act opposite to the direction

of motion! If the particle is connected to an elastic linear
spring, a spring force equal to ‘k s’ should be included on
the FBD.
(continued)
• Equations of Motion
If the forces can be resolved directly from the free-body
diagram (often the case in 2-D problems), use the scalar
form of the equation of motion. In more complex cases
(usually 3-D), a Cartesian vector is written for every force
and a vector analysis is often best.
A Cartesian vector formulation of the second law is
F = ma or
Fx i + Fy j + Fz k = m(ax i + ay j + az k)
Three scalar equations can be written from this vector
equation. You may only need two equations if the motion is
in 2-D.
(continued)
• Kinematics
The second law only provides solutions for forces and

accelerations. If velocity or position have to be found,
kinematics equations are used once the acceleration is
found from the equation of motion.
Any of the kinematics tools learned in Chapter 12 may be

needed to solve a problem.
Make sure you use consistent positive coordinate

directions as used in the equation of motion part of the
problem!
EXAMPLE 1
Given: The motor winds in the cable with a
constant acceleration such that the
20-kg crate moves a distance s = 6 m
in 3 s, starting from rest. k = 0.3.
Find: The tension developed in the

cable.
Plan:
1) Draw the free-body and kinetic diagrams of the crate.

2) Using a kinematic equation, determine the acceleration of the
crate.
3) Apply the equation of motion to determine the cable tension.
EXAMPLE 1
(continued)
Solution:
EXAMPLE 1 (continued)
EXAMPLE 2
Given: The 200 lb mine car is
hoisted up the incline.
aP/c= 4ft/s2
The motor M pulls in the
cable with an acceleration of
4 ft/s2.
Find: The acceleration of the mine
car and the tension in the
cable.
Plan:
Draw the free-body and kinetic diagrams of the car.
Using a dependent motion equation, determine an acceleration
relationship between cable and mine car.
Apply the equation of motion to determine the cable tension.
EXAMPLE 2
(continued)
Solution:
1) Draw the free-body and kinetic diagrams of the mine car:
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING
Given: WA = 10 kN
WB = 20 kN
voA = 2 m/s
k = 0.2
Find: vA when A has moved 4 m to

the right.
Plan: This is not an easy

problem, so think carefully about
how to approach it!
(continued)
Solution:
(continued)
(continued)
(continued)

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SYLLABUS CONTENT

3.2 PRINCIPLE OF WORK AND ENERGY

3.3 PRINCIPLE OF IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM

1. In dynamics, the friction force acting on a moving object is

2. If a particle is connected to a spring, the elastic spring force

If a man is trying to move a 100 N crate, how large a force F

F = ma or Fx i + Fy j + Fz k = m(ax i + ay j + az k)

• Free Body Diagram (always critical!!)

Make sure any friction forces act opposite to the direction

The second law only provides solutions for forces and

Any of the kinematics tools learned in Chapter 12 may be

Make sure you use consistent positive coordinate

Find: The tension developed in the

1) Draw the free-body and kinetic diagrams of the crate.

Find: vA when A has moved 4 m to

Plan: This is not an easy

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