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    Conditionals

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    This document discusses the different types of conditional sentences in English: zero, first, second, and third conditionals. The zero conditional describes general truths, the first conditional describes probable future events, the second conditional describes improbable or hypothetical situations, and the third conditional describes impossible past situations. Each conditional type uses a different verb construction depending on whether the condition and result refer to present, future, or past time frames.

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    Conditionals

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    Ingrid
    7 views8 pages
    This document discusses the different types of conditional sentences in English: zero, first, second, and third conditionals. The zero conditional describes general truths, the first conditional describes probable future events, the second conditional describes improbable or hypothetical situations, and the third conditional describes impossible past situations. Each conditional type uses a different verb construction depending on whether the condition and result refer to present, future, or past time frames.

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    This document discusses the different types of conditional sentences in English: zero, first, second, and third conditionals. The zero conditional describes general truths, the first conditional describes probable future events, the second conditional describes improbable or hypothetical situations, and the third conditional describes impossible past situations. Each conditional type uses a different verb construction depending on whether the condition and result refer to present, future, or past time frames.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views8 pages

    Conditionals

    Uploaded by

    Ingrid
    This document discusses the different types of conditional sentences in English: zero, first, second, and third conditionals. The zero conditional describes general truths, the first conditional describes probable future events, the second conditional describes improbable or hypothetical situations, and the third conditional describes impossible past situations. Each conditional type uses a different verb construction depending on whether the condition and result refer to present, future, or past time frames.

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    CONDITIONALS

    We use conditional sentences to describe how an action or situation


    CONDITIONALS affects its result. These conditional sentences refer to future time.

    STRUCTURE TYPES
    A clause consists of a subject and a predicate. There are three conditional types:
    Main clauses are those that can be alone as a sentence.
    ❖ Type 0: general truths
    ❖ Type 1: results in future
    CONDITIONALS = main clause , if-clause
    ❖ Type 2: improbable condition
    ❖ Type 3: impossible condition
    Action /

    EXAMPLES
    situation Result Result Action
    If I have enough money, I will go to USA
    A comma separates the two clauses only if the result
    clause goes first in the sentence. Action Result
    I will go to USA if I have enough money

    2
    TYPE 0 - ZERO IF + present simple + present simple

    TRUTH CONDITION If it snows, the ground is slippery

    • The Zero Conditional is frequently used to describe facts and general truths (laws of nature).
    • Examples:

    • If you cool water at 0º, it freezes.


    • If you water a cactus everyday, it dies in a short time.
    • You get purple, if you mix red and blue.
    • If you visit the Madam Tussaud’s, you see many wax figures.
    • If ice is heated, it melts.

    3
    TYPE 1st IF + present simple + will / won’t + infinitive

    PROBABLE CONDITION If I have time, I will help you

    • The First Conditional is used to talk about things which are possible in the present or the
    future – things which “may happen” in the future.

    • Examples:
    • If it’s sunny, we’ll go to the park. (Maybe it will be sunny – that’s possible)
    • If you help me with the dishes, I will help you with your homework.
    • If you want to buy the novel, you will have to go to a bookshop.
    • She won’t go to the party if she isn’t invited.

    • You will pass the test if you study hard.


    • if you eat so much, you will get a stomach-ache.

    4
    TYPE 2nd IF + past simple + would + infinitive

    IMPROBABLE CONDITION If I knew her name, I would tell you

    • The Second Conditional is used to talk about ‘impossible’ or unreal situations. The situation or condition
    is improbable, impossible, imaginary, or contrary to known facts.
    Contracted form: I’d
    • Examples:
    • If I knew his number, I would phone him. I would
    • If I were you, I would visit London.
    • If I had a lot of money, I would buy a car.
    • If I went to supermarket, I would buy a good fish.
    • If I lived near the beach, I would go here every day.
    • If I studied a lot, I would pass my exam.
    • If I changed my job, I’d be much happier.

    5
    Past conditional

    TYPE 3RD IF + past perfect + would + have +


    Past
    participle

    IMPOSSIBLE CONDITION If it hadn’t rained, we would have had lunch


    in the garden

    • The Third Conditional is used to talk about ‘impossible’ conditions, impossible because
    they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.

    •Examples:
    • We might have bought the last Harry Potter book in the shop if we had arrived earlier.

    • I wouldn’t have been late for school if I hadn’t forgotten to set my alarm clock

    • If he had told the truth, we would have believed him.

    • If they had invited me to their party, I’d have brought some wine.

    • If she hadn’t forgotten the compass, she wouldn’t have got lost.

    • If he hadn’t stolen the money, he wouldn’t have gone to jail.

    6
    TYPE 3RD
    IMPOSSIBLE CONDITION

    7
    SECOND CONDITIONAL – IMPROBABLE CONDITION
    ZERO CONDITIONAL – TRUTH CONDITION Situations which are imaginary or unlikely to
    happen.
    Real situations, general truths
    If I met Leonardo DiCaprio, I’d ask him for his
    You get purple, if you mix red and blue
    autograph.

    FIRST CONDITIONAL – PROBABLE CONDITION THIRD CONDITIONAL – IMPOSSIBLE CONDITION

    Situations that are possible or likely to Imaginary or hypothetical situations in the past.
    happen.
    If she had got up earlier, she wouldn’t have
    If he finishes his homework, he’ll go to missed the train.
    the cinema.

    Conditionals
    Zero, First, Second and Third Conditions.
    8

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