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    8 Naz

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    aldric
    1. The overall reaction for glucose breakdown in our bodies and combustion in air is the same. 2. The standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) and enthalpy (ΔH°) values for glucose combustion at 298K are given. 3. The standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) value at 37°C is also given. 4. Comparing the ΔG° values shows that the reaction will be more favored (have a more negative ΔG°) at 37°C than 298K, as the body temperature of 37°C has a more negative ΔG° value.

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    8 Naz

    Uploaded by

    aldric
    11 views6 pages
    1. The overall reaction for glucose breakdown in our bodies and combustion in air is the same. 2. The standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) and enthalpy (ΔH°) values for glucose combustion at 298K are given. 3. The standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) value at 37°C is also given. 4. Comparing the ΔG° values shows that the reaction will be more favored (have a more negative ΔG°) at 37°C than 298K, as the body temperature of 37°C has a more negative ΔG° value.

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    1. The overall reaction for glucose breakdown in our bodies and combustion in air is the same. 2. The standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) and enthalpy (ΔH°) values for glucose combustion at 298K are given. 3. The standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) value at 37°C is also given. 4. Comparing the ΔG° values shows that the reaction will be more favored (have a more negative ΔG°) at 37°C than 298K, as the body temperature of 37°C has a more negative ΔG° value.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views6 pages

    8 Naz

    Uploaded by

    aldric
    1. The overall reaction for glucose breakdown in our bodies and combustion in air is the same. 2. The standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) and enthalpy (ΔH°) values for glucose combustion at 298K are given. 3. The standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) value at 37°C is also given. 4. Comparing the ΔG° values shows that the reaction will be more favored (have a more negative ΔG°) at 37°C than 298K, as the body temperature of 37°C has a more negative ΔG° value.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Department o C emist

    Dependence ofState Functions on Variables: (Variables T ,P and V)


    Internal Energy (Variables V and T)
    First law : dU = 8q + 8w dU = TdS - PdV ....... (1) ·. · 8q = TdS

    au) =r(~)
    (av rav r
    -P ........... (2) and 8w= -PdV

    We know, Helmohltz free energy A=V-TS. ....... (3)


    Differetiating eq(3) we get, dA = dU -TdS-SdT
    dA =TdS-PdV-TdS - SdT j·:dU=TdS-PdV
    dA=-PdV-SdT. ........ ~) Con1paring eq(4) and (S) we get,

    Again A= f(V , T) aA) =-P


    (av (aA) =-S
    r or "
    :.dA= ( -aA) dV+ (aA)
    - dT......(5) -a-A
    2

    = {aP)
    - aA2
    _( as)
    av r ar v avar ar v arav--lav r

    .·.(aP)
    ar
    =(v
    as)
    av r
    ... . . ( 6) Cross derivative;

    Now from eqn(2) and(6)weget,


    Department of Chemist
    Dependence of State Functions on Variables .. .. ...... .
    Enthalpy (Variables P and T)
    First law: dU==&j+&v dU==TdS-PdV ....... (1) ·:&,_==TdS
    H == U + PV ....... ( 2) and.iw==-PdV
    Differentiation of eq(2) gives dH ==dU + PdV + VdP ......... (3)
    From eq(l) and (3) we get, dH == VdP+ TdS ..........(4)
    Differentiating eq(4) w. r. to Pat canst. T, we get

    :.(BH)
    BP
    == V+ ,,.£ dS) ......... (s)
    T .l\dP T

    Weknow, dG==VdP-SdT
    iJG) ==-S
    (or p
    and (BG)
    BP
    == V
    T

    :r(:)={!\ CrossDerNatwes !(:~)=(:;l


    (!;l ={!l-······<6)
    Fromeq(S)and{6}we get,
    Dependence of State Functions on Variables .... ... ......

    Fromeqn(S) and(6): (~!\ =v-1!~)P


    [Thermodynamic Eqn of state for H]

    BH) ==V-TnR Idealgasequation:PV==nRT


    ( BP T p

    :-(~!l =O :-(~;\ =n:


    .·. Enthalpy of an Ideal Gas is Independant of Pressure
    and Depends only on Temp

    st nd
    1 ,2 andeross D er1va
    . tives
    f(x,y) ==x 2 +5xy+2y2
    df
    f == df ==2x+5y f ==-==5x+4y
    ,, dy
    x dx
    d2f
    d2f
    f xy ==-==5 fn,-✓ == lvr ==5 fyx = dydx =5
    dxdy ✓-
    , Department of Chemistry
    '

    dG for Reactions: Gibbs- Helmholtz equation


    We know, AG=AH-TAS---(1)
    AG is a function of T and P

    .-.d(AG>=la~G)l dT+la~PG)l dP---(2)


    Differentiating eq(l) w. r. to Tat constant P we get,

    l oTP =lo<AH>]
    o(AG)] -rla<AS>]
    ofP ofP
    -AS---(J)

    [o(AS)]
    [ a(AG)] =AC -TACP AS ·.-[o(AH)] =AC and = ACP
    or p p T ar p p oT p T

    .-[o(AG)]
    . oT _ ........(4)
    --ASp

    From eq ( 1) and (3) we get,


    o(AG)]
    AG = AH + T [ ~ OT p •••••• ( 4)
    From eq (1) and (3) we get, AG== AH+ T[o(AG)l ······(4)
    oT P

    . . AG rto T we get
    D1•ffierentiating-w. o(A<Jf)] =r[o(AG¼r]-AG
    T [ oT p y2
    a(AGA)] =AG-AH-AG From eqn (4) :
    [ oT p T 2

    r[o(AG)] =AG-AH
    oT p
    8(A<½)] =-AH
    [ BT p T
    2

    d(AG)= -AH dT r2 ,1 AG)=-rT2 ~ T


    T Tl J1 "'\ T J¾ Tl
    Department of Chemistry

    Problem: The overall reaction for the metabolic breakdown of


    glucose in our bodies is the same as combustion of glucose in air.
    Using the data given below, determine whether the reaction will be
    more favored at 37°C. Given: /1G = -2878.92 kJ and 11H° = -2801.65
    0

    kJ at 298K ~ AG; = -2882.03 kJ

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