Study On Thermal Fatigue Behaviour Of Plasma Sprayed Yttria-Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCS) Systems On Aluminium Alloy

IMPLEMENTATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS IN

BRANDING STRATEGY: A CASE STUDY OF BALI KINTAMANI
COFFEE

1
KARTIKA AYU ARHANARISWARI, 2PRAYUDI, 3ARI WIJAYANI, 4NINIK PROBOSARI

1,2
Communication Science Department, UPN Veteran Yogyakarta Indonesia
3
Agrotechnology Department, UPN Veteran Yogyakarta Indonesia
4
Management Department, UPN Veteran Yogyakarta Indonesia

Email: 1kartika_ayu@upnyk.ac.id, 2prayudi@upnyk.ac.id, 3ariewijayani@yahoo.com, ninikprobosari73@gmail.com

Abstract: A geographical indication is the protection of products based on the unique characteristics and qualities of the
environment, natural conditions, traditions, and culture. In Indonesia, there are 31 coffees recorded in geographical
indications, one of which is Kintamani coffee from Bali. Kintamani Bali coffee is produced from Arabica coffee plants
grown in the Kintamani highlands, precisely in Kintamani Village, Bangli Regency, Bali Province. Bali, as Indonesia's
leading tourist destination, certainly has charm and has a distinctive cultural brand. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to
find out how the impact of geographical indications on the Kintamani Bali coffee branding strategy, which has received
geographical indication protection. This research method uses qualitative with in-depth interviews with the industry players
of the MSME Coffee Kintamani Bali. The result to be achieved with this research is how the coffee industry players,
especially MSMEs, can protect geographical indications of coffee in the branding strategy so that the safety of geographical
indications is protected by law and can be used for creating economic growth.

Keywords: Geographical indication, Branding Strategy, Kintamani Coffee

coat interface (horizontal cracks), which leads to

1. INTRODUCTION coating delamination. The other typical TBC failure
occurs by spalling of the ceramic top coat from the
Compressive loads and more frequent bond coat. Among the various causes of failure of
thermal shock than their aircraft counterparts. In TBC, oxidation and thermal mismatch are identified
addition, many of these TBCs must cope with the as two major factors affecting the life of the coating
contaminates found in lower-grade fuels. The system. It is observed that the coating surface
difference between aircraft TBCs and diesel TBCs temperature increase with increasing the thickness in
are often ignored by coating applicators. Thermal a decreasing rate. As for bond coat surface, increasing
barrier coatings can be applied on gas turbines, coating thickness, the normal stress decreases steadily
automotive engines and diesel equipment. The use of and the maximum shear stress rises in a decreasing
TBC on diesel components such as valves, pistons rate. Although diesel TBCs operate at lower
and fire decks insulates the metal substrates from temperatures than aircraft engines, they are subjected
high-temperature oxidation and corrosive to much greater compressive loads and more frequent
environments. As a thermal barrier, it reduces metal thermal shock than their aircraft counterparts. In
temperatures surface are to reduce the heat flux into addition, many of these TBCs must cope with the
the piston, to protect the piston from thermal stresses, contaminates found in lower-grade fuels. The
corrosive attacks due to fuel contaminants and difference between aircraft TBCs and diesel TBCs
reducing emissions. There are several applications of are often ignored by coating applicators. Thermal
TBC in SI engines, showing improved performance barrier coatings can be applied on gas turbines,
and emissions. In SI engines, the top surface near the automotive engines and diesel equipment. The use of
crevice is especially chosen as the place of TBC TBC on diesel components such as valves, pistons
deposition. Choosing this area also enables to and fire decks insulates compressive loads and more
decrease the risk of knocking. The coating thickness frequent thermal shock than their aircraft
has an TBC on diesel components such as valves, counterparts. In addition, many of these TBCs must
pistons and fire decks insulates the metal substrates cope with the contaminates found in lower-grade
from high-temperature oxidation and corrosive fuels. The difference between aircraft TBCs and
environments. As a thermal barrier, it reduces metal diesel TBCs are often ignored by coating applicators.
temperatures (Scientist G), Head of Mechanical Thermal barrier coatings can be applied on gas
Behaviour Group Defence Metallurgical Research turbines, automotive engines and diesel equipment.
Group Labin a direction parallel to the ceramic–bond The use of TBC on diesel components such as valves,
1
 Study On Thermal Fatigue Behaviour Of Plasma Sprayed Yttria-Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCS) Systems On Aluminium Alloy

pistons and fire decks insulates the metal substrates

from high-temperature oxidation and corrosive
environments. As a thermal barrier, it reduces metal
temperatures ted in the oil- and water-cooling
systems.
The performance of plasma sprayed based
YSZ TBCs systems on aluminium alloys is a very
important in the automotive industry. In the keeping
view of application of aluminum alloys in the
automotive industry, the durability of 2024 AA with
TBCs systems was studied for high temperature
applications. This article investigate the thermal
fatigue behaviour of plasma sprayed based YSZ 2.2. Thermal Fatigue Test
TBCs systems for 2024 aluminium alloy (AA). The thermal fatigue test was done in a
thermal cyclic furnace. The specimens were tested at
2. DETAILS EXPERIMENTAL 6000C highest temperature. Heating and cooling time
were kept as 10 minutes. When the samples were
2.1. Materials and Procedures cooled to the ambient temperature, they were taken
Compressive loads and more frequent thermal out, dried and put into the high temperature furnace
shock than their aircraft counterparts. In addition, again, repeating the same process. More than 90% of
many of these TBCs must cope with the contaminates the cracked regions of the surface of TBC systems
found in lower-grade fuels. The difference between were adapted as the criterion for the failure of the
aircraft TBCs and diesel TBCs are often ignored by coating. The weight changes of the samples were
coating applicators. Thermal barrier coatings can be measured to a precision of 0.5 mg by an analytical
applied on gas turbines, automotive engines and balance. Three number of specimens were tested and
diesel equipment. The use of TBC on diesel average was considered for analysis.
components such as valves, pistons and fire decks
insulates the metal substrates from high-temperature 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
oxidation and corrosive environments. As a thermal
barrier, it reduces metal temperatures After bond 3.1. TBC system Composition of
coat, another coat was applied on the surface which is Microstructure of TBCoated alluminium
called top coat. Top coat was done of Yttria alloys after thermal cycling till failure is shown in
Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) by APS. Parameters of top Fig. 1 (a and b). The failure of TBC coated surface on
coat parameter are given in Table 3. aluminium alloys under thermal fatigue conditions
Table1: Chemical Composition of 2024 AA was found be in a cracking mode, which induces from
coated compressive loads and more frequent thermal
shock than their aircraft counterparts. In addition,
many of these TBCs must cope with the contaminates
found in lower-grade fuels. The difference between
Table 2: YSZ top coat Spraying for bond coat aircraft TBCs and diesel TBCs are often ignored by
coating applicators. Thermal barrier coatings can be
applied on gas turbines, automotive engines and
diesel equipment. The use of TBC on diesel
components such as valves, pistons and fire decks
insulates the metal substrates from high-temperature
oxidation and corrosive environments. As a thermal
barrier, it reduces metal temperatures as well as bond
coat. The micro-columnar grains encircled in Fig.2.
was observed, which were solidified from the melted
fraction of YSZ top coat powder.

3.2. Thermal Fatigue behaviours of TBCs systems

Square specimen were selected to consider
Table 3: YSZ top coat Spraying Process the effect in practical application of thermal barrier
coating (TBC) system, such as edges and corners in
Parameters for Process Parameters
internal combustion (IC) engine piston. It can be seen
from Fig. 1 compressive loads and more frequent
thermal shock than their aircraft counterparts. In
addition, many of these TBCs must cope with the
2
Study On Thermal Fatigue Behaviour Of Plasma Sprayed Yttria-Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCS) Systems On Aluminium Alloy

contaminates found in lower-grade fuels. The

difference between aircraft TBCs and diesel TBCs
are often ignored by coating applicators. Thermal
barrier coatings can be applied on gas turbines,
automotive engines and diesel equipment. The use of
TBC on diesel components such as valves, pistons
and fire decks insulates the metal substrates from
high-temperature oxidation and corrosive
environments. As a thermal barrier, it reduces metal
temperatures not occur. After 52 cycles, gradual
weight loss was observed indicating thermal
degradation of coated specimens. After 97 cycles, the
sudden weight loss of samples was observed, which
implied the coating damage via the cracking mode.

Fig.3. Weight Change as a function of cycle number YSZ TBCs

during thermal fatigue testing.

CONCLUSIONS

Thermal fatigue behavior of plasma sprayed YSZ

TBC system on 2024 AA was studied and major
conclusions are as follows:
1. In all cases, the initial cracks were initiated at
the edge/corner of the square specimens.
2. The failure of YSZ TBCs systems on 2024AA
Fig.1. (a & b) Optical Micrograph of Fractured plasma were observed due to the multiple cracks mode
sprayed TBC specimens with thickness of 250µm after TF only. The results show four types of cracks
testing formed in TBCs systems on 2024 AA, i.e.,
vertical cracks, horizontal crack, propagating
crack, and penetrating crack [16]. In this
article, vertical cracks and propagating cracks
(or horizontal crack) emerged in YSZ based
TBCs systems for 2024AA. The penetrating
vertical cracks started penetrate from top coat
to the substrate surface at 6000C.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

TBC on diesel components such as valves,

pistons and fire decks insulates the metal substrates
from high-temperature oxidation and corrosive
Fig.2. FESEM micrograph of the fractured surface of as-
sprayed YSZ TBC. environments. As a thermal barrier, it reduces metal
temperatures (Scientist G), Head of Mechanical
Behaviour Group Defence Metallurgical Research
Group Lab, pistons and fire decks insulates the metal
substrates from high-temperature oxidation and
corrosive environments. As a thermal barrier, it
reduces metal temperatures (Scientist G), Head of
Mechanical Behaviour Group Defence Metallurgical
Research Group Lab (DMRL, Hyderabad) for their
cooperation.

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