International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis

2022; 8(1): 18-21

http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijsqa
doi: 10.11648/j.ijsqa.20220801.13
ISSN: 2469-8156 (Print); ISSN: 2469-8164 (Online)

Performance Evaluation of Improved Haricot Bean

(Phaseolus vulgaris L) Varieties at East Shewa, Mid Rift
Valley of Oromia
Urgaya Balcha*, Temesgen Dinsa
Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, Batu, Ethiopia

Email address:
*
Corresponding author

To cite this article:

Urgaya Balcha, Temesgen Dinsa. Performance Evaluation of Improved Haricot Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) Varieties at East Shewa, Mid
Rift Valley of Oromia. International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis. Vol. 8, No. 1, 2022, pp. 18-21.
doi: 10.11648/j.ijsqa.20220801.13

Received: June 29, 2022; Accepted: July 29, 2022; Published: August 10, 2022

Abstract: Haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important food legumes of Ethiopia and it is considered as
the main cash crop and the least expensive source of protein for the farmers in many lowlands and mid altitude of the country.
Low production and productivity, which is mainly associated with lack of access for improved varieties, was one of the major
problems. Therefore, to overcome the above stated problems and to acquaint smallholder farmers with new technologies of
widely grown pulse crops production, well-performed, adaptable and high yielding haricot bean varieties. Seven haricot bean
(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties and one local check were evaluated in 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons at Dugda, Lume and
Adami Tulu districts of East Shoa zone, Mid rift valley of Oromia. The trial was laid out in the randomized complete block
design with three replications. Combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant variability among varieties for all
the parameters studied such as days to heading, days to maturity, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, plant height and
seed yield.. The varieties Awash-2 and Sikiya were found to be high yielding varieties with mean seed yield levels of 24.02
and 23.35 qtls ha-1, respectively. Therefore these two varieties are recommended for future use in the study area and similar
environments.
Keywords: Haricot Bean, Seed Yield, Variety, Evaluation

1. Introduction
Haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important pulse world [3]. It is produced primarily in tropical low-income
crop in Ethiopia and in theworld. The crop ranks first countries, which account for over three quarters of the annual
globally while it stands second next to faba bean in Ethiopia world production.
[6]. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an annual Haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most
herbaceous plant domesticated independently in ancient important food legumes of Ethiopia and it is considered as
Mesoamerica and in the Andes, and now is grown worldwide the main cash crop and the least expensive source of protein
for both dry seeds or as a green bean. The importance of the for the farmers in many lowlands and mid altitude of the
common bean cannot be over emphasized. Apart from country. In Ethiopia, population is growing in more rate than
providing the subsistence needs such as food to many people the agricultural production does. To feed this increasing
in the world, beans are also sold in local markets and urban population the agricultural production should grow
areas to provide cash to farmers and traders [12]. Of the five accordingly with the same pace or even more. Pulses crops
domesticated species of Phaseolus, the common bean (P. are the most important crops in the national strategy of food
vulgaris) is the most widely grown, occupying more than self-reliance and foreign exchange earnings. Therefore, to
85%ofproduction area sown to all Phaseolus species in the increase the productivity of the farmers, it is crucial to
 International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis 2022; 8(1): 18-21 19

increase the awareness of farmers towards the usage of did not reach the smallholder farmers living in mid rift valley
different improved technologies that increase their parts of Oromia. Therefore, toovercome the above stated
production and accelerate food security through proper problems and to acquaint small holder farmers with new
implementation [10]. The national average productivity of technologies of widely grown pulse crops production, well-
haricot bean is about 18.22 tons ha-1 for white haricot bean performed, adaptable and high yielding haricot bean varieties.
and 16.79 tons ha-1 red haricot bean [2].
Access to new and improved agricultural technologies is 2. Materials and Methods
limited in East in the study area, most probably due to lack of
allowance of our center to do any research on pulse crops Description of the study area: The experiment was
including haricot bean and others [11]. Currently there are conducted at Adami Tulu, Dugda and Lume Districts.
several new varieties released in our country which are Experimental materials and design: The eight newly
expected to be best for our mandate areas [6]. So far, the released determinate type haricot bean varieties were used.
national and regional research institutions in the country have The Randomized Complete Block Design with three
released many varieties for commercial Production [1]. replications was used. Experimental unit comprised five rows
However, these technologies did not tested for their of 3 meters length with row-to-row distance of 40 cm and
adaptabilitypotential under mid rift valley part of Oromia and plant-to-plant distance of 10 cm.

Table 1. Lists and descriptions of haricot bean varieties used in the experiment.

Areas of adaptation Yield (tha-1)

No Variety Days to maturity Released center Year of release
Altitude Rainfall Research Farmers
1 SCR-26-26 (Sikiya) 75-90 1300-1900 500-1100 25-31 18-27 Hawassa 2017
2 DAB-277 (Fetenech) 75-90 1300-1900 500-1100 26 20 Hawassa 2017
3 Gorossa 89 1100-1950 500-850 17-27 17-23 Melkasa 2017
4 Awash Mitin 94 1100-2100 500-1100 20-25 19-23 Melkasa 2017
5 Derash 94 1000-1850 500-750 21 19-21 Melkasa 2017
6 Zoasho (DAB 96) 87 1100-1950 500-850 19-24 21 Melkasa 2017
7 Awash-2 Melkasa 2013
8 Awash-1 Melkasa 1990

3. Data’s Collected 4. Statistical Analysis

Days to flowering: was recorded as the number of days All the measured parameters were subjected to analysis of
from sowing to when 50% of plants in a net plot produced variance (ANOVA) appropriate to factorial experiment in
flower through visual observation. RCBD according to the General Linear Model (GLM) of
Days to physiological maturity: This was recorded as the SAS software (Version 9.3) and the interpretations were
number of days from sowing to the time when about 90% of made following the procedure described by Gomez. Least
the plants in a plot had mature pods in their upper parts with Significance Difference (LSD) test at 5% probability level
pods in the lower parts of the plants turning yellow. The was used for mean comparison when the ANOVA showed
yellowness and drying of leaves were used as indication of significant differences [8].
physiological maturity.
Plant height: It was measured as the height (cm) of ten 5. Result and Discussions
randomly taken plants from the ground level to the apex
of each plant at the time of physiological maturity from 5.1. Analysis of Variance
the net plot area and the means were recorded as plant
height. The collected data were analyzed using SAS statistical
Number of pods per plant: Number of pods were counted package software [9]. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was done
from ten randomly taken plants from the net plot area at for grain yield and other six yield related traits mentioned below.
harvest and the means were recorded as number of total pods Mean square of analysis of variance for all genotypes at
per plant. different environmental conditions for grain yield and yield
Number of seeds per pod: It was recorded from ten related traits are presented in Table 2. The combined analysis of
randomly taken pods from each net plot at harvest. variance showed that year and location effects were significant
Grain yield (qt ha-1): The four central rows were threshed for all parameters. Year*variety effects were highly significant
to determine seed yield and the seed yield was adjusted to for plant height and grain yield. Loc*Year*Varieties were
moisture level of 10%. Finally, yield per plot were converted highly significant for Plant height and grain yield [13]. Location
to per hectare basis and the average yield was reported in kg by variety effects were highly significant only for Plant height
ha-1. and non significant for all other traits including yield [14]. This
suggests that grain yield of haricot bean varieties did not vary
across environmental conditions. [5].
20 Urgaya Balcha and Temesgen Dinsa: Performance Evaluation of Improved Haricot Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L)
Varieties at East Shewa, Mid Rift Valley of Oromia

Table 2. Mean Square values from ANOVA for Haricot bean Parameters.

DF DH DM PH NPB NPP SPP Yld

ns ns ns ns ns ns
Rep 2 157.54 134.89 103.99 1.42 23.20 1.55 16.20ns
ns ns
Loc 2 57.92*** 6.27 2287.13*** 7.50*** 1095.21*** 0.01 146.35***
Year 1 4.34ns 52.56*** 20175.83*** 128.82*** 160.86* 0.02 ns 389.10***
Variety 7 145.86*** 417.45*** 1192.08*** 1.08* 346.02*** 1.47 ns 173.20***
Loc*Variety 14 0.70 ns 0.95 ns 132.73*** 0.50 ns 33.53 ns 0.81 ns 10.96ns
Loc*Year 2 246.59*** 20.02* 870.57*** 19.32*** 639.60*** 4.10* 41.50*
Year*Variety 7 1.30 ns 1.41 ns 397.40*** 0.50 ns 54.24* 1.17 ns 39.90**
Loc*Year*Variety 14 1.77 ns 0.87 ns 195.02*** 0.26 ns 33.48 ns 1.30 ns 12.63ns
Error 6.95 6.70 56.77 0.44 24.91 0.95 10.36
R2 0.75 0.84 0.88 0.83 0.75 0.40 0.73
CV 5.57 2.85 13.11 17.10 21.50 16.88 15.98
Root MSE 2.63 2.58 7.52 0.66 4.99 0.97 3.21
Mean 47.32 90.64 57.34 3.90 23.2 5.77 20.14

WhereCV=Coefficient of Variation, R2= R-Square, DF=Degree of freedom, DH= Days to heading, DM=Days to maturity, PH=Plant height in cm,
NPB=Number of primary branches, PP=Number of pods per plant, SPP= Number of seeds per pod, Yld= Yield in quintals per hectare.

(Sikiya). The plant height ranges from 46.13 (Derash) to

5.2. Mean Performance of the Varieties for the Characters 68.00 (Awash-2). The highest number of pods per plant,
Range and mean values for the eight characters are seeds per pod and yield was recorded by the variety Awash-2.
presented in Table 3. The variation with respect to days to The highest yield was recorded by variety Awash-2 (24.02)
heading and days to maturity was ranged from 42.16 to 51.94 followed by Sikiya (23.35) and Awash -2 (25.68), where as
and 80.50 to 96.66 respectively, showing a wide range of the lowest yield was recorded by variety Derash (16.37). This
variation among the varieties for maturity [4]. Based the work is in harmony with the finding of [7] who reported that
study result the early maturing variety was Derash and the the highest grain yield of Market type haricot bean was
variety with the longest days of maturity was SCR-26-26 recorded for the variety Awash-2 in east Hararghe zone.

Table 3. Mean Values of each Haricot bean varieties.

DH DM PH NPB NPP SPP Yld Rank

1 SCR-26-26 (Sikiya) 51.94a 96.66 a 63.63ab 3.62 cd 20.50 b 5.85ab 23.35 a 2
2 Awash-2 47.55 c 91.11 c 68.00 a 3.68bcd 28.92 a 6.24 a 24.02 a 1
3 Awash-1 48.00bc 91.38 c 64.08ab 3.55 d 27.41 a 5.90ab 22.68 a 3
4 Awash Mitin 46.66 cd 87.94 d 58.23 c 4.00abc 28.80 a 6.04ab 20.41b 5
5 Derash 42.16 e 80.50 e 46.13 d 4.05abc 18.60 b 5.66ab 16.37b 8
6 Gorossa 47.55 c 93.27 b 49.76 d 4.11ab 19.63 b 5.42 b 17.14c 6
7 Zo-asho 49.33 b 93.50 b 60.11 c 4.06ab 20.18 b 5.57 b 20.51c 4
d c d a b b c
8 DAB-277 45.38 90.77 48.76 4.17 21.62 5.48 16.37 7

Where DH= Days to heading, DM=Days to maturity, PH=Plant height in cm, NPB=Number of primary branches, PP=Number of pods per plant, SPP=
Number of seeds per pod, Yld= Yield in quintals per hectare

farms they can boost the income of poor farmers and

6. Summary and Conclusions commercial farms.

Generally, the present study entails the presence of Acknowledgements

significant variations among Haricot bean varieties. Based on
the combined analysis result, the varieties Awash-2 and The authors would like to acknowledge AGP-II for
Sikiya offered better performance over the other varieties funding during 2019/20 and Oromia Agricultural Research
regarding seed yield. Accordingly these two varieties are Institute (OARI) for funding during 2020/21 and Adami Tulu
recommended for the study area and similar agro ecologies. Agricultural Research Center for facilitating the working
Hence if the above mentioned varieties are demonstrated and conditions throughout the research period.
popularized to the small scale holder farmers and commercial
 International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis 2022; 8(1): 18-21 21

Appendix
Table A1. Mean Values of each Haricot bean varieties at each years and Locations.

Location DH DM PH NPB NPP SPP Yld

1 A/Tullu 46.29b 90.25 a 52.35 b 3.73 b 28.61 b 5.78 a 22.1 a
2 Dugda 48.47 a 90.72 a 65.22 a 4.36 a 21.45 a 5.78 a 19.58 b
3 Lume 47.20 b 90.95 a 54.45 b 3.63 b 19.56 b 5.75 a 18.75 c
Mean 47.32 90.64 57.34 3.90 23.20 5.77 20.15

Table A2. Mean Values of each Haricot bean varieties at each years and Locations.

2019 2020
Variety
A/Tullu Dugda Lume A/Tullu Dugda Lume Com. Mean
1 Awash-1 24.32 26.24 24.54 22.08 20.42 18.49 22.68
2 Awash-2 24.92 26.32 20.36 24.66 24.39 23.47 24.02
3 Awash Mitin 19.54 28.38 14.51 22.45 19.85 17.78 20.42
4 DAB-277 15.90 22.13 14.27 18.47 11.30 17.85 16.65
5 Derash 17.23 17.89 11.74 20.15 15.30 15.96 16.38
6 Gorossa 13.81 21.82 15.81 20.09 14.14 17.22 17.15
7 SCR-26-26 22.74 25.39 22.74 21.51 25.51 22.24 23.36
8 Zo-Asho 19.81 27.25 16.47 23.43 14.43 21.68 20.51
Env. Mean 19.78 24.43 17.55 21.61 18.17 19.34 20.15

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