1

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and evaluated by the

Development and Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

2
 Let’s Learn

Most of us think of energy as the power our bodies need to have to move or
do work. We have a lot of energy when we are rested or excited, and less energy
when we are tired or bored. But that is only one kind of energy. In this module, you
will learn to identify and explain the factors that affect potential and kinetic
energy.

Specifically, after going through this module you are expected to:

1. Define gravitational potential energy

2. Determine the factors that affect the gravitational potential energy gained by
an object
3. Calculate the potential energy of an object
4. Define kinetic energy
5. Determine the factors that affect the kinetic energy of an object
6. Calculate the kinetic energy of an object
7. Differentiate gravitational potential energy from kinetic energy

3
 Let’s Try

PRETEST

DIRECTIONS. Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best
answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The potential energy that is stored in an object based on its mass and how far
away it is from an object exerting a gravitational force is called:
a. Standard gravity
b. Gravitational potential energy
c. Gravity
d. Gravity of energy
2. A heavy container has been raised up above ground level. Due to its height, it
has stored energy. What kind of stored energy has the container?
a. Elastic potential energy
b. Standard gravity Energy
c. Gravitational potential energy
d. Standard elastic energy
3. Gravity causes all objects to accelerate towards Earth _______________.
a. slowly
b. at the same speed
c. at different speeds depending on their mass
d. quickly
4. The greater an object’s mass is _______________.
a. the more gravity it has
b. the less gravity it has
c. the faster it falls to Earth
d. the more slowly it falls to Earth
5. Two books are placed at a different location; one book is at the top of a 5 feet
cabinet while the other one book is placed at a side table with 1.5 feet high. The
book at the top of the 5-feet cabinet has a lot more gravitational potential energy
than the book on the side table, it means that _________________________
a. The gravitational potential energy depends on what kind of an object is.
b. The higher the object is, the greater its gravitational potential energy.
c. The higher the object is, the lesser its gravitational potential energy.
d. The gravitational potential energy is the same for all objects.
6. If you lift 25 N box of toys to the top shelf of a closet that is 3 m high, how much
gravitational potential energy will the box have?
a. 75 J
b. 75 N
c. 8.3 J
d. 8.3 N

4
7. How much G.P.E. does a 5 kg rock that is 8 m above the ground has?
a. 392 N
b. 39.2 N
c. 39.2 J
d. 392 J
8. Kinetic energy is the energy of _______________.
a. Potential
b. Objects at rest
c. Objects in motion
d. Accelerating objects
9. Kinetic energy of an object is directly proportional to the square of its speed
therefore, ________________.
a. If the KE will increase, then the speed will decrease.
b. Increases with speed, the KE will increase also but only half.
c. KE and speed are the same always.
d. If the speed is doubled, then KE will be quadrupled.
10. An object’s kinetic energy remains constant as long as _______________.
a. an object remains the same size and continues to move at the same
speed
b. an object remains the same size
c. an object continues to move at the same speed
d. an object doesn’t move
11. What happens to the kinetic energy of a moving object as the mass remains the
same, but the velocity increases?
a. Kinetic energy increases
b. Kinetic energy decreases
c. Kinetic energy stays the same
d. Potential energy increases
12. A car is travelling with a velocity of 50 m/s and has a mass of 1240 kg. What is
the kinetic energy of the car?
a. 124,000 Joules
b. 898,000 Joules
c. 1,550,000 Joules
d. 31,000 Joules
13. A moving object has a velocity of 23 m/s and its mass is 1858 kg. The kinetic
energy of the moving object is
a. 49,441 J
b. 491,441 J
c. 49,441 N
d. 491,441 N
14. Kinetic Energy can be easily transferred from one body to another while Potential
energy _______________.
a. can transferred from any body
b. is not transferrable
c. transfer for one body only
d. stay always

5
15. Potential energy is not relative to the environment of an object while Kinetic
energy of an object is relative to other moving and stationary objects in its
immediate environment. Which of the two types of energy can be transfer from
one moving object to another?
a. Kinetic energy
b. Potential energy
c. Gravitational potential energy
d. None of them

Lesson Forces and Motion:

2 Potential Energy and
Kinetic Energy

Good day! Today is a great day. Do not forget to offer a simple prayer
before starting your module journey so that you will be equipped with
knowledge and wisdom you need.

I believe that some of the questions you just encountered in the pre-
test are new to you. Let us see what are your reflections on your pre-test?
How did you find the pre-test? Did you find it easy or difficult to answer?
Please write your reflections in your Science activity notebook and mark it
as Reflection #1.

Here’s an activity that will refresh your mind on your lessons on the
previous years, Answer LET’S RECALL. Enjoy!

Let’s Recall

You have just done with your 2 modules, and I believe that you did a
great job! I have here a simple and interesting activity that will freshen your
mind on the terms from the grade 7 lesson. May the words in this activity be
familiar to you. Enjoy answering!

6
JUMBLED LETTERS

Directions: Re-arrange the jumbled letters corresponding to the word/s being

described. For further hint refer to given choices found inside the box. Write your
answer on a separate paper.

*ENERGY *JOULES * GRAVITY

*KINETIC ENERGY *POTENTIAL ENERGY *JAMES PRESCOTT JOULES
*VELOCITY *GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY

1. E-I-V-O-Y-L-C-T - speed of an object, but in specific direction

2. J-S-E-M-O-A-S-S-R-P-E-O-T-T-S-L-E-J - an English Physicist named after the
unit for energy
3. Y-E-E-N-R-G – the capacity to do work
4. G-E-N-E-T-O-T-I-P-A-L-E-N-Y-R – energy on object at rest
5. L-E-J-S-U-O – Unit for energy
6. V-A-G-I-Y-R-T – force that pulls object towards the center of the earth
7. L-G-A-I-A-A-V-N-T-T-O-L-R-I-O-N-E-T-T-I-P-A-Y-E-E-N-R-G – energy stored in
an object due to its location/position within some gravitational field.
8. T-E-C-I-I-E-G-Y-N-N-E-K-R – energy of a moving object

Let’s Explore

This will be an amazing day. Smile because it will lighten everything

you feel. I know that you are doing great today as we continue our journey
in this module. But before we proceed to the new activity, let us know your
reflections on JUMBLED LETTERS activity? How did you find the activity?
Was it fun? Were the words familiar to you? You may write your answers in
your Science activity notebook and mark this reflection as Reflection #2.
I have some pictures for you that is related to our lesson. Please
analyze them carefully. Enjoy!
• PICTURE TIME. Analyze carefully the picture. Encircle the picture that shows
KINETIC ENERGY and put a horizontal line on the picture that shows
POTENTIAL ENERGY.

7
• What can you say about the pictures given?

Let’s Elaborate

Read and analyze the lecture for you to be able to answer the following
activities. Enjoy reading!

Kinetic Energy
The energy of a moving object is called energy of motion or kinetic energy
(KE). The word kinetic comes from the Greek word kinetikos which means moving.
Kinetic energy quantifies the amount of work the object can do because of its motion.

The plastic or rubber ball you pushed to hit an empty plastic bottle has
kinetic energy. The force applied caused the ball to accelerate from rest to a certain
velocity.

8
 We can write the formula for finding the kinetic energy is:
1
𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣² where: m = mass ( kg )
2
𝑚
v = velocity ( )
𝑠
From the equation, you can see that the kinetic energy of an object depends
on its mass and velocity.
Using the formula of the kinetic energy, we can derive the following equations:
2 𝐾𝐸
m=
v²

2 𝐾𝐸
v=√
𝑚
What will happen to the KE of an object if its mass is doubled but the velocity
remains the same? The KE will be doubled. How about if the velocity is doubled but
the mass remains the same? The KE of an object is directly proportional to the
square of its velocity. The unit for kinetic energy is Newton, meter(Nm) or
Joule(J).
• Let us try solving this:
A 1000 kg car has a velocity of 17 m/s. What is the car’s kinetic energy?
o Given :
m = 1000 kg
𝑚
v = 17
𝑠
o Required: KE = ?
1
o Formula: 𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
1 𝑚
o Solution: 𝐾𝐸 = (1000𝑘𝑔)(17 )2
2 𝑠
1 𝑚2
= (1000𝑘𝑔)(289 )
2 𝑠2

𝑘𝑔𝑚2
= 144,500
𝑠2

= 144,500 𝑁𝑚
= 144,500 𝐽

Potential Energy
The energy an object has because of its condition
or position. For example, the higher an object is, the
more potential energy it has. So ball A has more
potential energy than ball B, because it can fall farther.

9
 Potential energy also appears in several forms;
▪ Gravitational Potential Energy(GPE) comes from the potential power
gravity can have on the objectdue to its position. This energy depends
on the mass and height of the object.
1. the mass of the object
✓ the more mass an object has, the more gravitational
potential energy it will have
2. the height of the object from the ground
✓ the higher the object from the ground, the more
gravitational potential energy it will have

▪ Elastic potential energy is energy stored as a result of applying a

force to deform an elastic object.

Potential energy (PE) can compute by the formula:

PE = mgh where : m = mass ( kg )
a g = acceleration due to gravity
𝑚
= constant value ( 9.8 )
𝑠²

h = height ( m )
𝑃𝐸
if m = ? ; m =
𝑔ℎ
𝑃𝐸
if h = ? ; h =
𝑚𝑔

Let us try solving this:

A man is lifted the 1.0kg box to a 0.5 m table. What is the potential
energy of the box?

o Given: m = 1.0 kg, h = 0.5 m,

𝑚
ag = 9.8 (constant value)
𝑠²
o Required: PE = ?
o Formula: PE = mgh
𝑚
o Solution: PE = (1.0kg)( 9.8 )(0.5m)
𝑠²
kgm2
= 4.9 2
𝑠
= 4.9 Nm
PE = 4.9 J

10
 Let’s Dig In

How are you feeling? Hope you’re feeling great. Is the lecture
understandable? or you still need other examples for you to fully get it? I’m
sure there are things running in your mind that is related to our lesson.

Let us challenge our mind more with the following activities. Enjoy!

Activity 1: Kinetic Energy vs. Potential Energy

A. Diagram Analysis. Using the diagram below, answer the following questions on
the space provided.

Graph shows a rolling ball from A to G

1. Which letter shows the ball when it has the maximum kinetic energy? ______
2. Which letter shows the ball when it has the maximum potential energy? _____
3. Which letter shows the ball when it has the least potential energy? ______
4. Which letter shows the ball when it has the least kinetic energy? ______
5. Which letter shows the ball when it has just a little less potential energy than
letter C? ______

B. Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the best answer.

6. Which sequence correctly shows a resulting increase in potential energy?
a. C, D, E, F
b. B, F, E, C
c. D, E, B, F
d. A, G, F, C
7. Which sequence correctly shows a resulting increase in kinetic energy?
a. E, F, B, G
b. B, F, E, C
c. D, E, B, F
d. A, B, C, D

11
 8. Which sequence correctly shows a resulting decrease in kinetic energy?
a. E, F, B, G
b. B, F, E, C
c. D, E, F, G
d. A, G, F, C

Activity 2: ARE YOU KINETIC OR POTENTIAL?

Directions: Determine whether the objects in the problems have kinetic or potential
energy.

1. You serve a volleyball with a mass of 2.1 kg. The ball leaves your hand with a
speed of 30 m/s. The ball has __________________ energy.

2. A baby carriage is sitting at the top of a hill that is 21 m high. The carriage with the
baby weighs 12 N. The carriage has _________________ energy.

3. A car is traveling with a velocity of 40 m/s and has a mass of 1120 kg. The car has
_______________ energy.

4. A cinder block is sitting on a platform 20 m high. It weighs 79 N. The block has

_________________ energy.

5. There is a bell at the top of a tower that is 45 m high. The bell weighs 190 N. The
bell has _________________ energy.

6. A roller coaster is at the top of a 72 m hill and weighs 966 N. The coaster (at this
moment) has _________________ energy.

12
 Let’s Remember

PLACE ME AT THE RIGHT BOX.

DIRECTIONS. Cut out the boxes on the side. Glue them on the correct column.

A softball thrown by a
pitcher
POTENTIAL
ENERGY A rock sitting at the
edge of a cliff

Monkey high up in a
tree

A downhill skier
KINETIC traveling down a hill
ENERGY
A large stick of
dynamite

An asteroid falling to
earth

A stretched spring in a
pinball machine

Asset of double “A”

batteries in a remote
control
A car traveling down
the road

A ladybug flying
through the air

13
 Let’s Apply

MY PERSONAL JOURNAL: Write your activities for the day from waking up
in the morning until going to sleep at night. Upon listing them, identify if your
activities have potential energy or kinetic energy on it. Mark star on the activities
that you think are kinetic and mark on activities that you think are potential.

DATE:

TIME ACTIVITIES

*After you accomplished your personal journal, what can you say about your daily activities
and energy?

14
 Let’s Evaluate

Directions: Classify the following activities according to their type. Write P if it's
potential energy and write K if it is kinetic energy.

1. A bicyclist pedaling up a hill _____

2. An archer with his bow drawn _____
3. A volleyball player spiking a ball _____
4. A baseball thrown to second base _____
5. The chemical bonds in sugar _____
6. The wind blowing through your hair _____
7. Walking down the street _____
8. Sitting in the top of a tree _____
9. A bowling ball rolling down the alley _____
10. A bowling ball sitting on the rack _____

Cite some household chores or activities that you always do at home. Identify 2
activities possessing kinetic energy and 2 for potential energy.

11. Kinetic: __________________________________________________________

12. Potential: ________________________________________________________

Solve the following word problems using the kinetic and potential energy formulas
(Be sure to show your work!)
1
Formulas: 𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2 PE= mgh
2

𝑚
v = velocity ( ) m = mass (kg)
𝑠
𝑚
g = 9.8 ( 9.8 ) h = height (m)
𝑠²

13. You serve a volleyball with a mass of 2.1 kg. The ball leaves your hand with a
speed of 30 m/s. The ball has __________________ energy. Calculate it.

14. A baby carriage is sitting at the top of a hill that is 21 m high. The carriage with
the baby has a mass of 1.5 kg. The carriage has _________________ energy.
Calculate it.

15. A car is traveling with a velocity of 40 m/s and has a mass of 1120 kg. The car
has _____________ energy. Calculate it.

15
 Let’s Extend

Congratulations, you are at the last part of your journey of this

module. I hope you have gained something and can apply in real life
situations. Let me give you an activity that will test not just what you learn
in this module as well as on how you can make an illustration. Enjoy!

ILLUSTRATE ME.
DIRECTIONS:
Use the illustration to explain the difference between potential energy
and kinetic energy.
1. An airplane on the runway ready to take off.
An airplane flying up towards the clouds.
2. Balancing a basketball.
Dribbling a basketball.

16
References

DepEd. Science Grade 8 Learner’s Module. (2013). Philippines: Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
DepEd. Science Grade 8 Teacher’s Guide. (2013). Philippines: Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
https://www.easyteacherworksheets.com/science/kineticpotential.html

https://www.slideshare.net/mrspena/energy-ppt1

https://www.wlwv.k12.or.us/cms/lib/OR01001812/Centricity/Domain/756/Kinetic%20and%20Poten
tial%20Energy%20Worksheet.pdf
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fslideplayer.com%2Fslide%2F4242803%2F&
psig=AOvVaw3F_KXTjRjqJkDGrC80RPIK&ust=1595055497142000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA
IQjRxqFwoTCICx3fXa0-oCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAS

https://byjus.com/physics/kinetic-and-potential-energy-difference/

https://www.slideshare.net/mrspena/energy-ppt1

https://www.wlwv.k12.or.us/cms/lib/OR01001812/Centricity/Domain/756/Kinetic%20and%20Poten
tial%20Energy%20Worksheet.pdf

https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Potential-and-Kinetic-Energy-Cut-and-Paste-
Sorting-Activity-
2455229?fbclid=IwAR2jsALIakjLTLq_lE38UzFDFdEwDkkAMCEO38LEGPoqEIP_LrBf2VtEnYA

LINKS FROM IMAGES

https://www.diffen.com/difference/Kinetic_Energy_vs_Potential_Energy?fbclid=IwAR0NXipxnS4dL_
3bz20tnnyHVOjIsGXjnMaS2sNI4geyq5RdcPpfwSCgNx8

https://web2.ph.utexas.edu/~coker2/index.files/chapter7.htm?fbclid=IwAR3_PvGjBLow_pvmvKkiHS
IBzVG5wiEygSKE_g4umkNkGiL6g45v59yaYxk

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clipart.email%2Fclipart%2Felastic-
potential-energy-clipart-
72235.html&psig=AOvVaw3GKCfw11W6XaBYJiM7BADD&ust=1595076006658000&source=images&
cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCPC1gq6n1OoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fschooltutoring.com%2Fhelp%2Fchemistry-
and-physics-review-of-energy%2F&psig=AOvVaw1EMaR7t7r1r3K-
eSWoCaNm&ust=1595076257143000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCIDj8rOo1OoCF
QAAAAAdAAAAABAL

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Faviationvoice.com%2Fcommercial-aircraft-
to-replace-current-satellites-201810111142%2F&psig=AOvVaw2p0G7WqHtdPJPZ6b7FeZV-
&ust=1595076637842000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCMj-
4Nqp1OoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAb

https://qz.com/801738/why-are-baseball-players-fat/

17
 Development Team of the Module
Writer: Hanadee Tatak Dading - MRTMHS - Teacher I

Editors:
Content Evaluator: Merlin R. Favila - PNHS - Teacher III
Language Evaluator: Bo G. Samar- MAEd –MRTMHS –Disbursing Officer II

Reviewers: Thelma H. Sagaban - Master Teacher II

Avelyn R. Argente - BNHS - Master Teacher I
Mary Ann T. Ares - SVNHS - Master Teacher I
Filamae T. Junio - PDMHS - Teacher II
Ferlena N. Perreras - MRTMHS - Head Teacher I

Illustrator: Jayson F. Antones- GRPMHS-MAIN- Teacher I

Layout Artist: Align Laurence P. Maravillas- GRPMHS-MAIN- Teacher II

Management Team: Dr. Margarito B. Materum - Schools Division Superintendent

Dr. George P. Tizon - SGOD - Chief
Dr. Ellery G. Quintia - CID - Chief
Dr. Marivic T. Almo - Science - Education Program Supervisor
Dr. Daisy L. Mataac – LRMS- Education Program Supervisor

For inquiries, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig City and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251

Email Address: sdo.tapat@deped.gov.ph

18
SDO TAPAT Contextualized Accessible Learning Modules (CALM)