HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Before you start answering the Supplementary Learning Material (SLeM), I want you to
set aside other tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read carefully the
instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every part of this SLeM.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Keep in mind that Writing
develops and enhances learning,
3. Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.

6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THIS MODULE

Expectations This will provide what will you will be able to know after
completing the lessons in the SLeM.

Pre-test This will assess your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

Looking Back This section will measure the skills that you learned and
to your Lesson understood from the previous lesson.

Brief This section will give you an overview of the lesson.

Introduction

Activities These are activities designed to develop your critical thinking and
other competencies that you need to master. This can be done
solely or with your partner depending on the nature of the
activity.

This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the

Remember lessons.

Check your This will verify how you learned from the lesson.
Understanding
 Post-test This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
SLeM.

LESSON 3: POTENTIAL ENERGY AND KINETIC ENERGY

EXPECTATIONS

 Define gravitational potential energy

 Determine the factors that affect the gravitational potential energy gained by an object
 Calculate the potential energy of an object
 Define kinetic energy
 Determine the factors that affect the kinetic energy of an object
 Calculate the kinetic energy of an object
 Differentiate gravitational potential energy from kinetic energy

PRETEST

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following has the highest gravitational potential energy?

a. a chair pushed on a levelled ground
b. a pillow on the bed
c. a chandelier hanging on the ceiling
d. a doorknob
2. From the figure at the right, what form of energy does the glass of water on top
on the table have?
a. Chemical energy c. Electrical energy
b. Kinetic energy d. Potential energy
3. What is the standard unit of measurement for potential energy?
a. Newton b. Joule c. Watt d. Volt
4. What is the gravitational potential energy of a 1 kg watermelon that is raised 2 meters above the floor?
a. 9.8 J b. 3 J c. 19.6 J d. 0 J
5. Procyon Nil is rounding up a sharp curve to the left with constant speed.
What will happen to Procyon Nil’s body while in the car?
a. Procyon Nil’s body will lean outward the curve
b. Procyon Nil’s body will lean inward the curve
c. Procyon Nil’s body will continue to move
d. Procyon Nil’s body will stay in place
 LOOKING BACK!
PICTURE ANALYSIS: Newton’s Laws of Motion
Directions: Classify the pictures whether it shows Law of Inertia, Law of Acceleration, Law of
Interaction. Write your best answer on the space provided.

The man is standing on a train The planets continuously rotating on its axis

_________________________ _________________________

A girl exerting more force to move the ball faster A man hammering a nail

_________________________ _________________________

A man falling from the due to gravity

_________________________

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Have you ever wonder why object stays at rest? Imagine you and your friend playing a Yo-Yo and you
observe how the Yo-Yo moves in an up and down direction. How do you describe the relationship between
and objects mass and its potential energy at a certain height?
 Potential Energy is energy at rest or stored energy. The most common potential energy is energy
comes from Earth’s gravity. This is called gravitational potential energy (GPE) it is energy stored in an object
based on its height and mass. It is shown mathematically in this equation.
GPE = mass * acceleration due to gravity * height or GPE = m x g x h

Where in “g” is the standard acceleration of gravity which equals 9.8 m/s2 or 9.8 m/s/s. Height is based
on the vertical displacement the object could potentially fall.

Kinetic energy is the energy of mass in motion. The kinetic energy of an object is the energy it has
because of its motion. Examples of kinetic energy in everyday life are the following: moving car, bullet from a
gun, flying airplane, a child running in the playground, a boy riding a moving bicycle, a teenager skateboarding,
a mother cleaning the floor, a fruit falling from a tree, a swimmer jumping off the diving board etc.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1.1 Arrange me! Defend me!

I. Objectives: Define gravitational potential energy

A - Rearrange the scrambled letters to form the concept being described.

_______________ 1. SAMS - is the measure of the amount of matter in an object.

_______________ 2. GRENYE - is the capacity or power to do work.
_______________ 3. TIGHEH - is the measure of vertical distance either vertical
extent or vertical position.
_______________ 4. RAGITVY - is the natural force that causes things to fall
towards the earth.
_______________ 5. TELPATINO - is the energy that is stored in an object due to
its position.

___________________________________________________________________________________.

Activity 1.2 You Raise Me Up!

I. Objectives:
1.Identify factors affecting the gravitational potential energy gained by an object.

II. Materials: 3 plastic bags

a drinking glass
water
pail/ basin

III. Procedure (do this by pair)

1. Put a glass full of water on two of the plastic bags. Label it A and B
2. Put a glass full of water on the other plastic. Label it C.
3. Fill the pail/ basin with ¾ of its content.

Set Up 1:
1. Put plastic A on your right hand and hold it near you waist.
2. Put plastic B on your left hand and hold it slightly above your head.
 3. Drop the two plastics simultaneously into the pail/ basin filled with water and observe its impact on the
water surface.

Set Up 2:

Activity 1.3 GPE vs KE

Objectives: Differentiate gravitational potential energy from kinetic energy

Materials: pencil, thread

Procedure:

1. Tie a pencil in vertical position.

2. Hold the thread in vertical position.
3. Observe the forces acted on a thread and a pencil.
4. Release the thread from your hand.
5. Observe what will happen.

Critical Thinking Questions: Figure 1 Figure 2

1. What are the forces acted on a thread and a pencil?

__________________________________________________________________________________
2. How will you describe gravitational potential energy?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. What will happen after releasing the thread from your hand?
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. How will you describe the kinetic energy possessed by the objects?
__________________________________________________________________________________

Summary:

State the difference between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Modify and be creative! You may use other design, model, or other materials to explore more to
strengthen your understanding. For example, a coin, instead of pencil. You can also use other types
of thread that can support your chosen material.

REMEMBER

 Potential Energy refers to energy at rest

 Gravity is a force by which an abject move towards the Earth.
 Height is the measurement from top to bottom area.
  Mass is measure of the quantity of matter a body contains; may also be considered a measure of the
inertia of an object.
 Velocity of an object is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference
 Kinetic Energy refers to the energy of motion
 Mechanical energy, sum of the kinetic energy, or energy of motion, and the potential energy, or energy
stored in a system by reason of the position of its parts.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. A 25.0 kg loaded cart is pulled at a constant speed along an

inclined plane to the height of a vehicle. If the vehicle’s floor is 1
meter above the ground, then what is the potential energy of
the loaded cart at the height of the vehicle?

2. KE = ½ mv2
From the equation you can see that the kinetic energy of an
object depends on its mass and velocity.
a. What will happen to the KE of an object if its mass is doubled but the velocity remain the same?
_________________________________________________________________
b. How about if the velocity is doubled but the mass remains the same_________________

POST TEST
Directions: Circle the letter of the correct answer.
1. If all the objects have around the same mass which of the following objects has the most gravitational
potential energy?
a. a chair set on the ground
b. a book on a high shelf on the first floor of a house
c. a ball stuck on the roof of a two-storey house
d. a cat in the basement
2. The following describes gravitational kinetic energy EXCEPT
a. A rolling ball c. A ball sliding on an inclined plane
b. A bouncing ball d. A ball that might fall in an elevated area
3. What is the standard unit of measurement for kinetic energy?
a. Newton b. Joule c. Watt d. Volt
4. A 1,500 Kilogram car runs with a velocity of 2 m/s south. What is the kinetic energy of the car?
a. 300 J b. 600 J c. 3000 J d. 6000 J
5. What is the gravitational potential energy of a 1 kg watermelon that is 2 meters above the floor?
a. 9.8 J b. 3 J c. 19.6 J d. 0 J
Reflection
1. What is the importance of understanding the energy possessed by big trucks on the streets and
vehicles moving very fasts? ___________________________________________________________
2. What does the sign mean “watch out falling debris”? Why should you be careful about it?
__________________________________________________________________________________

References:

Science Learners Module Pages 25-36

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Potential-Energy