इंटरनेट मानक

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 15868-1 to 6 (2008): Natural fibre geotextiles (jute

geotextile andcoir bhoovastra) - Methods of test [TXD 30:
Geotextiles and Industrial Fabrics]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 IS 15868 (Parts 1 to 6) : 2008

~ ~ cf> ~ (llCfR cf> 'Jj\Cfe:l 3tR ~

\ifCT cf> 'J-lCf td; - \fffq etT ~

Indian Standard
NATURAL FIBRE GEOTEXTILES (JUTE GEOTEXTILE
AN.D COIR BHOOVASTRA) - METHODS OF TEST

ICS 59.080.30

© BIS 2008
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK SHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

December 2008 Price Group 4

Geosynthetics Sectional Committee, TXD 30

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Parts 1 to 6) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the
Geosynthetics Sectional Committee had been approved by the Textile Division Council.
The use of natural fibre geotextiles has been recognized in erosion control in embankment construction for roads
and railways, dam engineering, canals, etc, and in road pavements. Their increasing importance is due to their
versatility based on their specific properties.
For applications, it is desired that the geotextiles maintain integrity during the course of its life and do not tear,
split and deteriorate under constructional or post-constructional stresses.
From the view point of applications of geotextiles made of natural fibres, the mass per unit area, thickness, swell,
water absorption, resistance to smouldering and mesh size of natural fibre geotextiles assume great significance.
Accordingly this standard is divided in six parts as under:
Part 1 Determination of mass per unit area
Part 2 Determination of thickness
Part 3 Determination of percentage of swell
Part 4 Determination of water absorption capacity
Part 5 Determination of smouldering resistance
Part 6 Determination of mesh size of coir geotextiles by overhead projector method
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960
'Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)'. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off
value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
 IS 15868 (Part 1): 2008

Indian Standard
NATURAL FIBRE GEOTEXTILES (JUTE GEOTEXTILE
AND COIR BHOOVASTRA) - METHODS OF TEST
PART 1 DETERMINATION OF MASS PER UNIT AREA

1 SCOPE 0.5 percent.Weigh each specimen to an accuracy of

0.1 percent.
1.1 This standard (Part 1) specifies a method for the
determination of the mass per unit area of all natural 5 EXPRESSION OF RESULTS
fibre geotextiles for identification purposes and for use
in technical data sheets. Calculate the mass per unit area of each specimen.
expressed. in g/m 1• using the equation:
1.2 The method is applicable to all natural fibre
geotextiles, all coir bhoovastra, jute geotextiles and p = (m x H1')/A
erosion control blankets (ECBs). where
2 PRINCIPLE p = mass per unit area. in g1m1;
The mass per unit lila is calculated by weighing small m = mass of the specimen, in g; and
square or circular specimens ofltnown dimensions. The A = the area of the specimen, in mm 1•
mass per unit lila of an ECB is determined by weighing Calculate the average mass per unit area, rounding
test specimens of known dimensions cut from various the result to the nearest g1cm2• and the coefficient of
locations over the full width of the laboratory sample. variation.
The measured weight is then used to calculate the mass
per unit uea of the specimen, and these values are 6 TEST REPORT
averaged to obtain the mean mass per unit area of the The test report shall include the folio
laboratory sample. wing particulars:

3SPECIMENS a) A statement that the test was performed in

accordance with this standard;
The specimens shall be cut in such • way that they are
b) Number of specimens tested;
representative of the material to be tested.
c) Conditioning atmosphere used;
Cut not less than ten specimens and to a nominal size
d) In the case of a specimen size larger than
of 100 cm 2• unless the structure of the geotextile is such
100 cmJ• give the size used. and a description
that a 100 cm 2 specimen is not representative. in which
(words or sketch) of the structure;
case a larger specimen size shall be used.
e) Results of the test;
4 PROCEDURE f) Details of any deviation from the specified
DetenniDe the area of each specimen to an accuracy of test procedure; and
g) Date of the test.
IS 15868 (Part 2) : 2008

Indian Standard
NATURAL FIBRE GEOTEXTILES (JUTE GEOTEXTILE
AND com BHOOVASTRA) - METHODS OF TEST
PART 2 DETERMINATION OF THICKNESS

1 SCOPE 5.1.1 Interchangeable Presser-Foot - Hav ing a

-circular and plane surface with an area of 25 em? for
1.1 Th is standard (Part 2) prescribes method for testing materials of un iform thickness . For
determination of the thickness of geotextiles at determination of the overall thickness of material s of
specified pressures and defines at which pressure the non-uniform thickness or other parts of such materials.
nominal thickness is determined. the size of the presser-foot shall be agreed upon and
1.2 The method is applicable to all types of natural the size shall be given in the test report.
fibre geotextiles. The presser-foot shall be capable of exerting a pressure
NOTE - Normally the thickness of geotextiles is determined of 2 kPa within a tolerance of 0.5 percent norm al to
by measuring one layer of the geotextile . In cases when two or the plane of the specimen .
more layers are used on top of the each other in a design. a test
may be made in accordance with this standard with theagreed NOTE - To assure the paralle ht y betwe-en the pre sser-foot
number of layers instead of ODe. In such case when testing surface and the reference pla te when de termin ing the overall
structured geotextiles cons ideration should be paid to the thickness of geote xtiles of Don -Unifor m thickness, the presse r-
relevance of such findings. foot should be supported in at least three points even ly
distnbuted over the presser-foot surfa ce. which normally will
2 REFERENCE require that a press er-foot witl1 an area of more than 25 cm' is
chosen.
The follow ing standard is a necessary adjunct to this
standard : 5.1.2 Reference Plate - With a plane surface of
minimum dimens ion gre ater than twice the diameter
IS No. TItle of the presser-foot surface for testing material of
6359 : 1971 Method for conditioning of textiles uniform thickness . When te sti ng thinner are as in
material of non-uniform thickn ess, the reference pla te
3 DEFINITIONS or a substituting supporting device can be chosen as
For the purpose of this standard, the following small as the area of the pre sser-foot agreed upon to
definitions shall apply. assure contact with the lower surface.

3.1 Thickness (of Geotextiles) - The distance 5.1.3 Gauge - For registering the distance between
between a reference plate on which the specimen rests the reference plate and the presser- foot to an accuracy
and a parallel presser-foot applying a given pressure of I percent.
to the specimen.
5.2 Suitable Timing Device
3.2 Nominal Thickness (of Geotextiles) - The
thickness determined when apply ing a pressure of 6 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS
2 ± 0.01 kPa to the specimen.
6.1 Cut from each roll se lec ted over its full width
4 PRINCIPLE perpendicular to roll length directi on, a suitable sample
of length necessary for obtaining the required number
4.1 The thickness of a number of specimens of of test specimens. Cut from all such samples. required
geotextiles are measured as the distance between the
number of test spec imens of minimum dimension
reference plate on which the specimen rests and a
greater than twice the diameter of the presser-foot
parallel circular presser-foot exerting pressures on an surface.
area of defined size within a larger area of geotextile.
6.2 The number of specimens shall be not less than 10.
4.2 The result of the test is given as the average of the
results obtained at each specified pIaIW'C. 6.2..1Specimens from a roll shall be cut from positions
evenly distributed over the full width and length of the
5APPARATIJS
sample. but not closer than 100 mm to the selvedges.
5.11bicbal Tester - ,___.h- the folio .
elemenrs. -~ ......--. WlDJ 6.2.2 Specimens shall not contain dirt. irregular spots,
creases. holes or other visible faults.
2
 IS 15868 (part 2) : 2008

6.2.3 Any two specimens shall not contain the same 7.3 Procedure
longitudinal or transversal position . If it is not possible .
7.3.1 Place a specimen between the clean surfaces of
it shall be reported.
the reference plate and presser-foot specified in 4.
6.3 Before cutting structured geotextiles, exact Lower gently the presser-foot applying a pressure of
instructions for cutting shall be laid down. and those 2 ± 0.01 kPa to the specimen and note the gauge
shall be followed with great care. reading after 305. unless some other time is spec ified.
6.4 If the cutting causes fragments of geotextile to 7.3.2 Remove the pressure and the specimen.
loosen and if this cannot be avoided causing influence
7.3.3 Repeat the procedure specified in 7.3.1 and 7.3.2
on test results. this fact shall be reported.
until at least 10 specimens are tested.
6.5 The spec imens shall be kept free from dust. dry. at
ambient temperature. in dark and protected against 8 TEST REPORT
chemical and physical damage until the test is performed. 8.1 The test report shall include the following
particulars:
7 PROCEDURE
a) Roll number, roll width. roll length and colour
7.1 Conditioning of Test Specimens of roll;
7.1.1 Condition the specimens in the standard b) Number of specimens tested at each pressure
atmosphere of 65 ± 2 percent relative humidity and given in 7.3;
27 ± 2°C temperature to moisture equilibrium from c) Conditioning atmosphere and the time of
the dry side (see also IS 6359) . When the specimens relaxation (see 7.3.1);
have been left in such an atmosphere so that both the
d) Presser-foot size. If applicable the reason for
faces are exposed to the standard atmosphere as far as
not using the 25 cm 2 presser-foot size; and
possible for 24 h. they shall be deemed to have reached
the state of moisture equilibrium. e) Average value of the thickness given in 7.3
expressed in mm to an accuracy of I percent
7.2 Measurement of Thickness for geotextile thickness over 0.05 mm and to
the nearest 0.001 mm for th ickness not
7.2.1 When determining the thickness of material of
exceeding 0.05 mm.
non-uniform thickness. for example. material in which
NOTES
strands or similar features are present, the part of the
1 Upon request the single results of each individual test can
material to be tested shall be a matter of prior agreement be given .
between the buyer and the seller. The part tested shall Z Upon request a graph showing; the curve of themean values
be specified in the test report. of thiclaless conespoodiDg to the applied pressure can be
given. The X-axis sbould be logarithmical for applied
7.2.2 The thickness is determined by using the pressures. 1be Y-axis should be linear for the thickness.
procedure specified in 7.3 applying pressures of2 kPa
to an accuracy of 0.5 percent

3
IS 15868 (Part 3) : 2008

Indian Standard
NATURAL FIBRE GEOTEXTILES (JUTE GEOTEXTILE
AND COIR BHOOVASTRA) - METHODS OF TEST
PART 3 DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE OF SWELL

1 SCOPE the presser-foot and the anvil. Gently release the presser-
foot and allow it to rest on the specimen for 5s. Record
1.1 Th is standard (Part 3-) prescribes method for the initial thickness, Tj • to the nearest 0.01 mm.
determination of the percentage of swell in water of
geotextiles. Place the specimen between the two No. 17 gauge wire
mesh screens that have been ~oak'ed in water for a
1.2 The method is applicable to all types of natural minimum of 1 h. Connect the screen comers loosely
fibre geotextiles. to hold the test specimen in place without compressing
the specimen material.
2 PRINCIPLE
Immerse the test specimen in the screen assembly in
This test is used to calculate the percentage of swell of
de-ionized water for 24 ± 0.25 h.
all natural fibre geotextiles in water. This method
determines the percentage swell in thickness of the After the soaking period. remove the assembly from
sample after it has been immersed in water for 24 h. the water. rest it upon the blocks and allow it to drip-
drain in a horizontal position for 10 min.
3 APPARATUS
Remove the specimen from the screen and measure its
3.1 Two pieces of non-corrosive household window thickness, Tf •
screen measuring 127 mm )( 127 mm.
NOTE - Care should be exerc ised to maintain specimen
3.2 A shallow pan measuring 305 mm x 305 mm and integrity and preserve all material components during removal
containing two 76 mm high rigid blocks. from screen supports . Lost specimen fibres. threads or other
components may significantly impact final results .
3.3 A balance accurate to 0.0 I g.
6 CALCULATION
3.4 Thickness device consistent to measure 0.01 mm.
Calculate the percent thickness change as follows:
4 TEST SPECIMEN
Percent thickness change = 100 (Tf - T;)/~
4.1 Ten. 100 mm x 100 mm specimens handled in a •.• ., " --.... 1
Repeat the procedure for all 10 test specimens.
manner to avoid loss of loose filler and weaving
components . 7 REPORT
5 PROCEDURE The percent change in thickness for each specimen
along with the average and standard deviation of the
For each specimen, raise the presser-foot on the
test set.
thickness device and place the specimen flat between

4
 IS I " (Put 4) : 1011

Indian Standard
NATURAL FIBRE GEOTEXTILES (JUTE GEOTEXTILE
AND COIR BHOOVASTRA) - METHODS OF TEST
PART .. DETERIiINATION OF WATER ABSORPTION CAPACITY

I SCOPE Place the specimen on the screen in such a way as to

preserve specimen integrity and avoid the loss of
1.1 This standard (Part 4) prescribes method for
specimen components.
determination of the water absorption capacity of
geotextiles. Place anocher tared screen having the samedimensions
on top of the specimen and place both screens and
1.2 The method is applicable to all types of natural
specimen in the 76 mm deep pan containing water at
fibre geotextiles.
21 ± 2"C and about 64 mm deep .
2 PRINCIPLE Allow the specimen to soak in the water for 24 ± 0.25 h.
This test is used to calculate the water absorption After the soaking period. remove the specimen by
capKity of all natural fibre geotextiles. removing the screens with the specimen between them
and placing above the water on supports placed at the
3 APPARA11JS
edF of the screens.
J.I Galvanized screen. tared. meuured 230 mm )( Allow the specimen and screens to drip-drain in a
230 mm and constructed of No. 17 gauge wire.
horizontal position for 10 ± 0.1 min.
3.2 Pan. 76 mm deep by 2S4 mm wide by 2S4 mm After drip-draining. place the screens and the wet
long. specimen in the tared pan and weight the pen and its
3.J Pan. tared. shallow. lightweight. and large enough contents to the nearest 0.1 g.
to hold the galvanized screen.
6 CALCULAnON
4 TFSI' SPECIMEN Calculate the amount of water held by the specimen
Prepare three specimens measuring 200 mm )( 200 mm by subtracting the sum of the weights of the weighing
cut at approximately equally spaced intervals across pan. screens, and dry specimen from the total weight.
the sample.
7 REPORT
SPROCEDURE Report the absorptive capacity as the ratio of water
Weigh each test specimen to the nearest 0.1 g and place held by the specimen to the weight of the original dry
it on a tared 230 mm by 230 rom galvanized wire specimen. Report the average of the three values found
screen. as the absorptive capacity.

5
 IS l~~~ (Part 5) : 2008

Indian Standard
NATURAL FIBRE GEOTEXTILES (JUTE GEOTEXTILE
AND COIR BHOOVASTRA) - METHODS OF TEST
PART 5 DETERMINATION OF SMOULDERING RESISTANCE

1 SCOPE 6 TEST SPECIMEN

1.1 Th is stand ard (Part 5) detail s a procedure for the Cut three, 300 mrn x 300 mrn test specimens. Handle
determ inat ion of the smouldering res istance of the test specimens in a manner to avoid loss of loose
degradable rolled erosion control products. filler and weaving components.
1.2 The method is applicable to all types of natural 7 CONDITIONING
fibre geotext iles.
Condition test spe cimens for 12 h in an air oven
2 PRINCIPLE mainta ined at 45°C. Remove test specimens and
equilibrate in laboratory test conditions for a minimum
The distance between an extingui shed cigarette and
of2 h.
maximum smoulder travel is measured to determine
the smoulder i ng resistance of the specimen. 8 PROCEDURE

J SIGNIFICANCE AND USE Place test apparatus in hood or otherwise facilitate

exhaust of generated smoke.
Degradable erosion control blanket materials may be
suscepu ble to fl ammability caused by cigarette s. This Place specimen flat on the base of the test box .
is a concern during installation and use. Thi s test
Set fan speed to facilitate an air velocity of 50 ftlmin
method serves to prov ide an index reading of relative
across the center of the sample. Verify velocity with
smoulder resistance .
air veloc ity or wind speed meter.
4 APPARATUS Place a freshly lit cigarette in the centre of the test
4.1 Fan capable of providing 50 ftlmin air velocity specimen length -wise along the direction of air.
when measured with air velocity or wind speed meter. Allow the cigarette to bum completely and extinguish.
4.2 Fire resistant square box having one cubic foot Upon ex tingu ishment of the cigarette and sample,
volume and two holes. three inches in diameter, bored measure the maximum distance, in mrn, of specimen
through opposing walls and centered 3.5 inches above smoulder from the cigarette ashes.
the bottom edge .
Clean test apparatus and repeat test for each of two
4.3 Fan is installed in one hole. Hole opposite fan additional test specimens.
equipped with slotted cover plate attached flush against
outer wall to act as a vent louver. Additional cover 9 REPORT
plate is provided over fan opening to act as a restricting
baffle to contr ol flow and reduce turbulence. Report measurements developed for each test specimen
as well as the average and standard deviation for the
4.4 A 57 rnm unfiltered cigarette. three specimen population.
4.5 Ruler accurate to 1.0 rnrn,

5 SAMPLING
Sample test specimens from across the roll width to
ensure representative specimen of the test material.

6
 IS 15868 (Part 6) : 2008

Indian Standard
NATURAL FIBRE GEOTEXTILES (JUTE GEOTEXTILE
AND COIR BHOOVASTRA) - METHODS OF TEST
PART 6 DETERMINATION OF MESH SIZE OF COIR GEOTEXTILES BY OVERHEAD
PROJECTOR METHOD

1 SCOPE Now the dimensions of the meshes are noted. Five

readings in each direction may be noted . The meshes
This standard (Part 6) specifies method to determine
may be chosen randomly so as to include all the mesh
the mesh size by projecting the geotextile through an
sizes.
overhead projector (OHP). This method is suitable for
meshes having large opening sizes . 5 CALCULA TION
2 PRINCIPLE Length of the specimen = L~

A specimen of geotextile of 'kno wn d imension Length of the projected sample = Lp

(20 cm x 20 cm) is placed on the projector. The Projected length of mesh = Sp
dimensions of the projected specimen are also noted. Actual length of mesh, La = (L~ x Sp)/Lp
The projected mesh size is measured in both directions .
Width of the specimen = Ws
By the ratio proportion method the mesh size of the
specimen can be determined. Width of the projected sample = Wp
3 APPARATUS
Projected width of mesh = Sp
Actual width of mesh. Wa = (Ws x Sp)/Wp
An OHP is used to project the sample.
Mesh size = f AI x \\11
4 PROCEDURE
The mesh sizes are measured In mm.
The sample is placed on the OHP. The image is made
to project on a screen. Focusing is done till a clear 6 REPORT
image is obtained. The length and breadth of the Calcu late the average of the five readings and report
projected image is measured with the help of a scale. the mesh size in mm.

1
 Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the country .

Copyright

BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form
without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
'BIS Catalogue ' and 'Standards: Monthly Additions' .

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc:No. TXD 30 (0937).

Amendments Issued Since Pubficstion

Amend
e
No. Date of Issue Text Affected

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters :
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110 002 Telegrams: Manaksanstha
.Telephones: 2323 0131. 23233375,23239402 (Common to all offices)

Regional Offices : Telephone

Central Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 2323 7617
NEW DELHI 110 002 { 23233841

Eastern 1/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M. V.1. P. Road, Kankurgachi 23378499,2337 8561
KOLKATA 700 054 { 23378626,23379120
Northern SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160 022 260 3843
{ 2609285

Southern C.IT. Campus. IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600 113 2254 1216, 2254 1442
{ 22542519,22542315
Western Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) {2832 9295, 2832 7858
MUMBAI 400 093 2832 7891, 2832 7892
Branches : AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD.
GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR.
PARWANOO. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISAKHAPATNAM.
PRINTED BY lHE GENERAL. MANAGER, GOVT. OF INOlA PRESS, MINTO ROAD, NEW DElHI-2.