CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Libraries stand as a source of knowledge, a place of learning where

students will be able to make their research by reading books, articles, and

journals. As the university's source of knowledge, it plays a pivotal role in helping

students conduct their research and help them with their academic needs. With

an ever-expanding collection of scholarly works and reference materials, the

library provides journals, articles, and books that enrich academic research, fuel

creativity, and spark curiosity. From research papers to timeless classics, the

library houses the keys to unlocking a world of knowledge, nurturing a generation

of critical thinkers and lifelong learners.

In the fast-paced digital era, time and convenience are essential for everyone.

Recognizing this, the Universidad de Manila's Library understands the

importance of utilizing its services to meet the needs of its students. Efficient and

immediate access to resources has become a priority, and the library recognizes

the significance of saving students' time when it comes to check-ins and access

to materials. As universities and libraries navigate in a fast-paced digital era,

adaptation is crucial to remain relevant and meet the expectations of modern-day

students. Embracing technology in library management and services is a natural

progression, aligning with the evolving learning styles and preferences of today's

digitally-driven generation.

1
 Background of the Study

In the digital age, technological advancements have revolutionized

various aspects of daily life, including how educational institutions manage their

resources and services. As the center of knowledge and learning, the library

plays a crucial role in providing students with access to a vast source of

information. In order to optimize the library experience and modernize the

process of student access, it is essential to embrace modern solutions that utilize

the power of technology.

The current system of student library logging in at Universidad de Manila (UDM)

has relied on students manually providing their information, including their

student ID, the college they are enrolled in, the program they are taking, and their

purpose during each visit to the library. Furthermore, their current library

management system requires the library staff to manually input information using

Excel. However, Excel files can only be accessed by one user at a time. This can

create problems in a collaborative environment where multiple users need to

access and update the same data.

In response to these limitations, the researchers aim to develop an efficient

library management system and an innovative approach to library access,

proposing the research titled “Library Management System with Student

Attendance using QR Code for Universidad de Manila.” This system aims to

improve the library efficiency and user experience of the students and give

convenience to library staff at the Universidad de Manila (UDM). The proponents

will utilize QR codes as a modern and efficient means of student identification

and logging in to the library. With this said the proponents will be developing a

2
system focused on a friendly user interface that will allow library staff to easily

manage the library processes such as borrowing, returning, and updating books,

and students to generate their unique QR codes containing their student

information. Scanning these QR codes to access the library will automate the

data retrieval process, eliminating the need for manual input of their information

and reducing the log-in time process.

In conclusion, the proposed system seeks to demonstrate the benefits of

enhancing their current library management system and adopting QR code

technology, presenting a smooth approach to modernizing library access and

improving the user’s overall experience. Furthermore, it aims to set an example

for academic institutions, inspiring other libraries to adopt similar advancements

and provide their library staff and students with improved, efficient, and

modernized library services and experiences.

Theoretical Framework

A theoretical framework is a group of connected ideas, such as a theory,

however, it is a theory that may not be entirely established. Also, it guides the

study by identifying what metrics and statistics will be used and search for. 

The proponent decided to create and develop a web-based library management

system and implement a QR code for the attendance of the library for the reason

that the current library process in Universidad de Manila still uses manual or

3
traditional recording of the inventory of the books, and manually allows the

student to fill up the attendance form in the library. The system will be useful to

the library campus of the school because of how it provides utility. The aim is to

curate a library management system that will benefit all the library staff in terms

of inventory and students can indicate their attendance more easily by using QR

code.

The proponent used SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle) 

Figure 1.0 Agile Methodology

Figure 1.0 shows the Agile Methodology on how to create and develop the

library management system and automated attendance system using a QR code.

Plan - This phase determines what work will be done in the current iteration, and

this is where the vision of the project is created.

4
Design - This phase plans how to build the requirements into a product, this

stage optimizes the process with the right combination or suggestion of

technologies.

Develop - Make the design a reality.

Test - This phase verifies the product functions as designed; this focuses on

ensuring quality throughout the plan.

Deploy - In this phase, agile methodology prefers deployment or releases

throughout the project for the client and end-user representatives to gather

feedback.

Review - In this phase, a meeting is held at the end, in which the team shows

what was accomplished during this period and the plan's purpose is to inspect

the increment developed and seek feedback from the stakeholders.

5
 Conceptual Framework

Conceptual Framework is a kind of middle theory that attempts to a research

topic. It can also function as a map that provides consistency with empirical

research.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Figure 2.0 Input Process Output

Figure 2.0 represents the conceptual framework of the Library

Management System with Student Attendance QR Code for Universidad de

Manila. In the input, the user must be an administrator or library staff to access

the system, and the future user of the QR code must be the students. The data

that needs from the library administrators are the inventory list of books, date

borrowed, and date returned. On the other hand, the data needed from the

students are their student ID number, their college, and their program. The

6
device that the system require is a device that scans a QR code and the

computer will show the information of each student and that will serve as their

attendance in the library.

In the process, the system will generate a QR code for the students. The library

administrators will be able to see in the system how many students visited the

library in a month and it will also show available, outdated books, borrowed and

returned books. The final development of the web-based library management

system with student attendance using QR code will be seen as the output.

Statement of the Problem

The proposed system aims to modernize and enhance the current

Library Management System and check-ins, making it a seamless and efficient

process. Moreover, the proposed system seeks to answer the questions:

1. How will the proposed library management system improve

efficiency and convenience compared to the current system?

2. What are the main benefits and advantages of implementing QR

code technology for UDM library check-in?

3. What feedback do students and library staff have regarding the

integration of QR codes into the library check-in process, and how

has it influenced their perception of library services?

7
 Hypothesis

The system will be used in the library of Universidad de Manila. It will lead to

improved efficiency, accuracy, and user experience, hence enhancing the overall

accessibility and convenience of library services for both students and library

staff. Furthermore, it will offer significant benefits to the university as a whole

through the development of an advanced library experience. The system will

enhance efficiency and accuracy for library staff when it comes to managing and

providing services in the library. While the students will have more convenience

when it comes to accessing the library resources.

Significance of the Study

Universidad de Manila. As the main beneficiary of this study, it will help the

university improve and enhance its library services to students in a way of

providing them with necessary and up-to-date information.

UDM Library Staff. They will be the ones who will manage the system’s

contents. This study will help them reduce their time consumed in data entry and

to improve accuracy in student attendance recording.

UDM Students. As one of the main beneficiaries of this study, it will also provide

the students with a convenient and smoother way of recording their attendance in

the library.

8
Future Researchers. This study will serve as their basis to formulate research

works such as developing improved software related to library management

systems.

Scope and Limitations

The focus of this research is to create and implement a comprehensive

library management system with student check-in tracking using QR Codes on

the campus of Universidad de Manila. The study will evaluate the current library

system in terms of its effectiveness in improving library management and

attendance monitoring. The study's scope will include the implementation of a

validator at the library's entrance, could be a librarian, who will not only ask

students to scan their QR Codes but will also use a desktop to check if the

student ID will match with the name that will be flashed in the System.

Furthermore, the QR code will be a multipurpose tool for tracking attendance as

well as borrowing of books, QR code will be used for the borrower’s/student’s

info, simplifying the library staff's work. The system, however, will have limits

because it will be designed primarily as a web-based system available only on

desktop computers, not mobile devices. Lastly, this study will only be limited to

Universidad de Manila’s library staff and students.

9
 Definition of Terms

Database. A structured collection of data that is stored and organized in a way

that allows for efficient storage, retrieval, and manipulation of information.

Data Error. A condition in which data on a digital medium has been altered

erroneously.

Digital Era. A period in human history characterized by the shift from traditional

industry to an economy based on information and communications technology

(ICT).

Integration. The process of combining different software components or systems

to work together seamlessly.

Login System. The act of logging in to a database, mobile device, or computer,

especially a multiuser computer or a remote or networked computer system.

Management System. It describes the way in which companies organize

themselves in their structures and processes in order to act systematically,

ensure smooth processes, and achieve planned results.

MySQL. An open-source relational database management system that provides

a platform for creating, managing, and interacting with structured databases,

making it widely used in various software applications and web services.

User Experience. The overall experience and satisfaction of users as they

interact with a product or system. UX encompasses factors such as usability,

accessibility, efficiency, and overall user satisfaction.

User Interface. The visual and interactive elements of a software application that

users interact with. It includes components such as menus, buttons, forms, and

graphical elements designed to facilitate user engagement and navigation.

10
QR Code. short for Quick Response Code is a two-dimensional barcode that

contains information, often in URLs, text, or data. QR codes can be scanned

using a smartphone or QR code reader, providing quick access to the encoded

content.

11
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE

Related Studies

Foreign Studies

Title: Library Management System 

According to Adebesin Tosin (2011):

“Library is regarded as the brain of any institute, of course, many institutes

understand the importance of the library to the growth of the institute and their

esteemed users which we categorically call the students.   The Library

Management System (LMS) acts as a tool to transform traditional libraries into

digital libraries. In traditional libraries, the students/user has to search for books

which are hassle process and there is no proper maintenance of the database

about issues/fines. The overall progress of work is slow and it is impossible to

generate a fast report. The librarians have to work allotted for arranging and

sorting books in the book sales. At the same time, they have to check and

monitor the lend/borrow book details with its fine. It is a tedious process to work

simultaneously in different sectors,”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347245735_Library_Management_Syst

em

In a study made by Ashutosh and Ashish (2012), they said that:

12
“Before the advent of the computer in the modern age there are different

methods of keeping records in the library. Records are kept in the library on

shelves and each shelf is labeled in alphabetical or numerical order, in which the

categories of books available are arranged in a different position on the shelves

and as well are recorded on the library manuscript. After the invention of the

computer, 7 different researchers have carried out various approaches to an

automated library management system.”

ADEBESIN, T., & Folorunsho, O. (2015). Library Management

System (Doctoral dissertation, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OYE EKITI).

Title: A Unified Modeling Language-Based Design And Application For A

Library Management Information System

According to Jiao et al., (2014):

“With the rapid development of computer technology and the continuous

improvement of the information level, the production scale of software is

increasing and the traditional software modeling language has been unable to

meet the demands of software development. Therefore, how to develop high-

quality software within a reasonable period of time has become an urgent

problem to solve. At the same time, people also have higher requirements for the

design, maintenance, and management of software development, which includes

shortening the software development cycle, improving the software quality, and

safeguarding the sustainable development of the software. All these problems

can be solved gradually with the introduction of the Unified Modeling Language.”

13
Jiao, Z., Feng, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2014). A Unified Modeling Language-Based

Design And Application For A Library Management Information System.

Cybernetics and Information Technologies, 14(5), 129–144.

https://doi.org/10.2478/cait-2014-0050

Title: Library Management System With Topic Modelling And Its

Adaptability To Open And Distance Learning Libraries

Adebayo, Babafemi RICHARD (2019) stated that:

“The use of libraries has grown tremendously in the last decade. Its processes,

such as acquisition, cataloging, shelving, and the general management of

information have evolved through the years, in aspects of digitization and in fact

knowledge management. All these would not have happened if not for the need

for Librarians to make work easy for themselves and indeed the library users.

This is one of the reasons Younis (2012) made aware that library users

encounter problems when finding, borrowing, localizing, renewing the borrowing,

and queuing for books. For most of the problems, solutions or ongoing research

are on to solve the problems. However, one area still short of in-depth research

is the area of integrating topic modeling into library management systems. Topic

modeling is a kind of probabilistic generative model that has been used widely in

the field of computer science with a specific focus on text mining and information

retrieval in recent year.”

14
Adebayo, Babafemi RICHARD, "Library Management System With Topic

Modelling And Its Adaptability To Open And Distance Learning Libraries" (2019).

Library Philosophy And Practice (E-Journal). 2709.

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/2709

Title: The Application Of Senayan Library Management System (Slims) For

Library Collection And Information Management At Religious Training

Center Of Aceh

Nanda, R. P (2022) stated that:

“Library management ideally uses an automation system to provide optimal

services. However, the library management in The Religious Education and

Training Center of Aceh (BDK Aceh) has been done manually, which impacted

less effective and efficient performance. Therefore, it is important to optimize

library management at BDK Aceh. This library management using SLiMS at BDK

Aceh has resulted in five outputs, namely: bibliographic databases in digital form,

video tutorials on the use of automation systems, an online library with the

website librarybdkaceh.com, online circulation services, and automatic library

membership cards. The use of the SLIMs escalates performance in library

collections management, thus resulting in better service quality which suits the

regulations of the industrial revolution. Users can easily browse information

about library collection and access the BDK Aceh library anywhere and anytime

through the website. In addition, users can get quick and accurate information

about library collections.”

15
Nanda, R.. (2022). The Application Of Senayan Library Management System

(Slims) For Library Collection And Information Management At Religious Training

Center Of Aceh. Seulanga, 1(1), 16–23

https://doi.org/10.47655/seulanga.v1i1.3

Local Studies

Title: Integrated Library Management System (ILMS) of Bauang Library

V. Abubo, D. Bambao, T. Mabanta (2013) emphasized that:

“Library is a collection of graphic materials – books, magazines, maps,

manuscripts, journals, articles, and others for organized use. The variety of these

graphic materials is limitless, yet library staffs are expected to promptly furnish

publications and other records that a student or patron may desire. Not every

demand can be met, but library staff undertakes to meet as many requests as

possible. Now, in our society all over the world, technology is the most important

advancement; a necessity is bringing about progress as we move along the

digitalized world. These changes affect everyone’s lives making it much easier

and more convenient. The relationship between the library and the computer is

constantly changing it contributes to the way a human learns and community.

Libraries have the responsibility not only to know about the ways in which

libraries are managed using techniques of automation, but also to be aware of

the changes that automation can bring to the library services in the near future.

Thus, the computer works in ways radically different from human beings, and the

16
flow of work in an automated system can differ quite considerably from the

manual system.”

Abubo, V., Bambao, D., Mabanta, T. (2011) Integrated Library Management

System (ILMS) of Bauang Library

Title: Library Automation

Hagerty et, al said that:

“A statewide SUS Library Management System Committee (LMSC) has been

formed to investigate library systems for the migration of all (SUS) libraries to a

new platform. The plan is to continue to provide access to the entire SUS library

collection via a common library management system and to enable- patron-

initiated remote borrowing. The State University System of Florida employs a

single automated library system to provide library management software to 10

universities. Some universities have multiple libraries. Each library operates

autonomously with respect to the acquisitions, cataloging, and circulation of

library materials.”

Haggerty, K., Harrington, C., & Scott, R. E. (n.d.). Integrating Library

Resources in a learning management system: Exploring instructor obstacles and

motivations. College & Research Libraries.

https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/article/view/25274/33138

17
Title: Library Management System for Quezon City Public Library

Based on the study of Cabiling Joel et al., (2020):

“Technology is a body of knowledge that is devoted to creating tools, processing

actions, and extracting materials. Researchers apply technology in almost

everything in our daily lives. In particular, in work, technology helps us to make

their work easy and fast. Many businesses are computerized and run by

technologies. The researchers saw that the manual library system is slow in

transacting books. They can lose the all data in their manual record. Thus, the

researcher decided to computerize the library system for easy transactions and

to avoid losing all data in the system. This system makes the librarian works

faster than usual because the librarian will know if it is there is a book or if they

do not have the book that a person wants to borrow. The librarian will know if

there is a book that will return for this day because the librarian will see at the

system if there is a student that borrows a book and when the book will be

returned. The project manager discussed the topic to members and gave a task

to each member to make this project successful.”

Cabiling Joel, Daryl Tampipi, Erwin Alfonso, Glenox Luzong, Pablo Jeick.

Valencia Marvin. (2020). Library Management System for Quezon City Public

Library

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4279656

18
Title: Effectiveness of Cutting-Edge Technology for Library Management

System

According to Dias et. al., (2022)

“The designed Library Management System aims to transfer the physical view of

libraries into a digital view. The project offers knowledge on how to create and

put in place an LMS. On the other hand, in the traditional library system, people

have to look for a particular book by scanning the library shelves which is

apparently a tedious and time-consuming task to do. It can be more complicated

if the library has not properly maintained its library system. The manual system

isn’t user-friendly not only for the borrowers but also for librarians. LMS enables

them to keep an eye on each and every book that is lent and borrowed in the

library. And they occasionally have to arrange and classify the books. Through

LMS assistance it enables librarians to do all the tasks in the library. They can

simply view, update, delete, and read books and articles to manage the

resources..“

Gamage, I., Nawodya, R. G. I., Ahmed, M. N. T., Aathif, M. A. M., De Silva, D.

I., & Dias, T. (2022). Effectiveness of Cutting-Edge Technology for Library

Management System.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4279656

Title: Library Management System. Applied Information Technology And

Computer Science.

19
A study by Tong et. al., (2022) emphasizes that

“Library Management System manage and helps to maintain the records of

library. Mainly, its objective is to overcome the problem through introducing the

system; to provide a better way or solution in the library to address the problems

effectively. A library with a computerized library management system usually

provides efficiency to both administrator and the users of the library. Through

simplified processes, it helps the administrators to carry out operations smoothly

and easily. The improvement on the library system will overturn the expectations

of library users and administrators as the improvement would bring both

challenges and opportunities to the library.”

Tong, Y. R., & Nawi, N. B. M. (2022). Library Management System. Applied

Information Technology And Computer Science.

https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/periodicals/index.php/aitcs/article/view/7375

Related Literature

Foreign Literature

Title: Library Management System

A study by Sourabh Sharma et al., (2022) emphasizes that:

“The implementation of an automated library management system offers

numerous benefits. Firstly, it significantly reduces library management costs.

Secondly, it enhances monitoring and reporting processes, providing real-time

20
insights into library activities. Thirdly, it eliminates the need for cumbersome

paperwork, ensuring greater security for library data. Fourthly, manual book

distribution becomes obsolete, streamlining procedures, saving time, and

simplifying book cataloging and tracking. Additionally, the system allows for the

creation of customized reports on library items, inventories, and fines. While

human involvement remains necessary, the system effectively reduces the

extent of human decision-making and processes required within library

management.”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
347245735_Library_Management_System

Title: Web-based Library Management System

According to Tsega Weldu Araya (2020):

“The objectives of a Library Management System is to develop a system that can

handle and manage the actions involved in the ACCE library efficiently and

reliably which can be a benefit for the entire users to get access at their

convenient time. To overcome the above-mentioned limitations of the physical

library, we are implementing this new technology to promote digital reading

habits for users and to advance the knowledge of the users in every aspect of

the technology. The users of ACCE Library have diverse age groups and

professions. They require different kinds of documents for different purposes, like

research studies, educational purposes, general knowledge, and for recreation.

The Web-based Digital Library Management System (DLMS) will help to create a

limitless amount of digital information and make it accessible to the world in

21
parallel. This system planned to obtain research resources for the ACCE and

then distribute it to users in their remote areas.”

https://www.ijert.org/research/designing-web-based-library-management-system-

IJERTV9IS100131.pdf

Title: Open-Source Library Management Software

An article by Randhawa, Sukhwinder (2013) stated that:

“Library automation is concerned with managing, controlling, and automating

library activities, and services. In an automated library, computers are used in

most of the activities, such as acquisition, cataloging, circulation control, and

periodical management. Library automation not only does house-keeping

activities, but it also provides the current and relevant information to the users,

according to their demands. Libraries do not have huge funds to experiment, and

they don't usually purchase additional resources. The need for library

management software, its installation, training, and the lack of financial

resources have forced many libraries to stand for themselves when it comes to

staying up to date with the latest technology. Unless, of course, they adopt the

open-source movement and use a few of them available to overcome these

problems.”

Randhawa, S. (2013). Open-source library management Software.

https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/299575

22
Title: Integrated Library Management System

Shanmugan A.P et al. (2020) said that:

“Given the progress of technology, it is crucial to elevate the usability of all

systems. The role of the Library Management System (LMS) is to convert

conventional libraries into digital ones. Unlike traditional libraries where

users/students face the inconvenience of searching for books and where

database upkeep for borrowing and fines is lacking, the LMS serves as a

solution. In addition, the overall progress of work is slow and it is impossible to

generate a fast report. The librarians have to work allotted for arranging and

sorting books in the book sales. At the same time, they have to check and

monitor the lend/borrow book details with its fine. It is a tedious process to work

simultaneously in different sectors.”

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

347245735_Library_Management_System

Title: Why You Need a Library Management System

As indicated by Techwarelab (2022):

"The central function of the Library Management System is to securely store all

information regarding the materials present within a library using cloud-based

data storage. Moreover, it assists administrators in ensuring consistent

availability of resources within the library. This encompasses books that are

currently being used, those shelved, and those borrowed. The system is also

capable of monitoring books that are due for return on designated dates. In

Addition, “the Library Management System enhances the efficiency of a library.

23
Tracking the daily statistics related to the overall count of volumes issued, yet to

be returned, reissued, and those currently available can demand considerable

time and effort from a librarian. A school library management system enhances

library efficiency by condensing all tasks into a single click, thereby simplifying

the librarian's responsibilities.”

https://techwarelab.com/why-you-need-a-library-management-system

Local Literature

Title: Digital Libraries To Ease Learning in the Philippines

As mentioned by Aineena Hani (2021):

“By merging technology and information reservoirs, digital libraries facilitate

distant entry, eliminating the confines posed by physical availability. While these

resources will persist in catering to the distinctive requirements of distinct learner

communities, digital libraries will empower educators and students to reach a

wider array of materials and engage with individuals beyond the traditional

learning setting."

https://opengovasia.com/digital-libraries-to-ease-learning-in-the-philippines/

Title: Student Attendance Monitoring GPS Application Using Android

Mobile Platform

Based on the study of Fidelino B.J. et al., (2014)

24
“Some schools and universities have their own unique process of checking

student attendance. Some do it manually while some use advanced technology

like computers, biometrics, etc. In the case of different schools wherein a huge

number of students are enrolled, monitoring of students’ attendance during

events is a tedious job.”

Fidelino B.J. et al. (2014). Student Attendance Monitoring GPS Application

Using Android Mobile Platform. Cloud, Vol.2, no. 1.

https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=12631

Title: Library System for Bagong Silang Elementary School

According to Roldan M.A. et.al., (2020):

“The library system is the key to make the library function, especially to organize

and manage books. It is a tool to make librarians’ work easy. The use of the

offline library system can manage all occurrences in the library. Book

transactions, including book searching, availability of the book details, and

appearance of the book, can be easily handled by the system.”

Roldan M.A. et.al., (2020). Library System for Bagong Silang Elementary

School. Ascendens Asia Singapore – Bestlink College of the Philippines Journal

of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, Vol.2, No1.

https://www.ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/aasgbcpjmra/article/view/2323

25
Title: Development of Employee Attendance and Management System Using

Quick Response (QR) Code in Sorsogon State University

Agripa D.J. & Astillero S. (2022) stated that:

“Retrieval of basic information of employees, creating of travel orders,

automation of computation of available leave credits and utilizing attendance

using QR codes and generation of reports became more accessible, cost-

effective and reduced the occurrences of errors. Also, based on the evaluation

conducted, QR code as an attendance monitoring system generally met the

acceptable expectation in terms of functionality, reliability, efficiency, accuracy,

usability, maintainability and portability.”

Agripa D.J. & Astillero S. (2022). Development of Employee Attendance and

Management System Using Quick Response (QR) Code in Sorsogon State

University, Castilla Campus, Philippines. European Journal of Studies, Vol 9, no

11.

https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejes/article/view/4545

Title: Acceptability Of An Attendance Monitoring System Using Qr Code

Among College Instructors And Students

According to David et al., (2020):

“The widespread availability and usage of QR (Quick Response) Code

technology has spurred on various innovations aimed at providing more

convenient and faster access to information. In the field of education, this

26
technology has been utilized in mechanisms that facilitate efficient monitoring of

attendance. In this study, a QR Code-based attendance monitoring system that

simplifies the processes involved in its usage is proposed. This paper then

describes the configuration and implementation details of the system. In order to

determine its acceptability, 32 instructors and 98 students were asked to respond

to a 5-point Likert questionnaire based on the prescribed standards for

evaluating the project’s software quality. Results show that the respondents

mostly indicated either highly acceptable or acceptable ratings across all criteria,

namely functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, and maintainability. Further

analysis of the data using Welch’s t-test confirmed a significant difference in the

ratings of the instructors and those of the students. Overall, the results show that

the instructors had a higher level of acceptability than the students. The results of

this study indicate that the system can be adopted and utilized as a viable means

for checking students’ attendance on the campus.”

https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/edujournal_nu/article/view/221450

Synthesis

According to the gathered studies and literature, Library Management System

plays an essential role in modernizing and optimizing the library experience. With

the help of technology, these systems modernize the processes involved in

organizing and retrieving vast collections of resources. From books to multimedia

materials, a library management system ensures that every piece of knowledge

is easily searchable and accessible to every user. It simplifies tasks for library

27
staff, enabling efficient resource tracking, lending, and returning of books.

Moreover, these systems offer insights into usage patterns, helping libraries

adapt and expand their services based on real-time data. On the other hand, the

integration of QR codes for student attendance enhances the efficiency of these

systems, elevating them beyond traditional boundaries. Attendance monitoring

systems give efficient, accurate, and cost-effective solutions for manual, outdated

approaches. Implementing QR codes is one of the most popular ways to do this.

QR code as an attendance monitoring system generally met the acceptable

expectation in terms of functionality, reliability, efficiency, accuracy, usability,

maintainability, and portability. This QR Code approach will help both

administrators and users have improved experience, efficiency, reliability, and

accuracy.

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 CHAPTER 3

Methodology

Research Methods Used

The chronological data were gathered and previous studies were

reviewed to improve the present study. It may be distinguished that a lot of tools

were used to come up with a wide-ranging result.

The methods stated below give a partial idea of how the researchers designed

their research. In order to have a deeper understanding of the system, the

process of ways it was developed must be understood. The proponent tools were

used to accurately form essential ideas.

Developmental Research Method

The researchers utilized the developmental type of research method to

focus on understanding and improving the processes and procedures related to

the enhancement of the Web-Based Library Management System with Student

Attendance Using QR Codes in Universidad De Manila. This method would

outline the current state of the current or manual system and its intended

improvements.

Developmental research is the systematic study of designing, developing, and

evaluating instructional programs, processes, and products that must meet

criteria of internal consistency and effectiveness. The most common types of

developmental research involve situations in which the product-development

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process is analyzed and described, and the final product is evaluated (Richey,

2019).

Hence, the proponents used developmental research design to help specify how

the researcher will gather the data for the study. This also helps keep the

emphasis on the aspects of aging that remain constant and change. It will help

make decisions on what data will be gathered and how it will be collected. By

understanding and studying the overall efficiency of the manual and the future

Library Management System with the implementation of the QR code in student

attendance, developmental research can be used to improve and innovate the

current management system in the library of Universidad de Manila.

Sample and Sampling Technique

Sampling is a technique for selecting individual members or a subset of

the population in order to make inferences from them statistically and estimate

the characteristics of the entire population. It serves as the foundation of any

research design because it is also a time- and money-efficient strategy. For the

best derivation, sampling techniques can be utilized in research survey software.

Probability sampling is a sampling technique where a researcher sets a selection

of a few criteria and chooses members of a population randomly. All the

members have an equal opportunity to be a part of the sample with this selection

parameter.

The researchers employed random sampling which is defined as a procedure for

sampling from a population in which the selection of a sample unit is based on

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chance and every element of the population has a known, non-zero probability of

being selected.

Respondents of the Study

This study or research will be composed of 50 respondents. The

respondent comprises all library staff and students on the campus. The sampling

technique that will be used is random sampling.

Locale of the Study

The locale of the study is Universidad de Manila as the researchers and

respondents are from the said school. Moreover, this study was conducted for

the Summer Class of the academic year 2022-2023.

Instrumentation

This section presents the instruments to be used by the proponent. The

proponent will be using a self-devised questionnaire as an instrument.

Online Library Method - It is a term used for secondary analysis where you use

data that someone else has already collected. It involves the online research of

books, journals, periodicals, databases, and stored records. It is a process of

looking for information to solve a problem to discover new ideas.

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Personal Interview Method - The personal interview method involves

conducting one-on-one interviews with the participants to gather data and

insights. This approach allows the proponents to explore complex topics

understand participants' perspectives, and acquire information.

Online Survey Method - It is a good way to obtain information from a large

number of people and/or people. Participants can state their views or feelings

privately without worrying about the possible reaction of the researcher.

Online Research Method - These are ways in which researchers can collect

data via the Internet. Many of these online research methods are related to

existing research methodologies but re-invent and re-imagine them in the light of

new technologies and conditions associated with the internet.

Online Document Analysis Method - It requires the use of different materials

that are needed to improve the current system. All the information that can be

useful is gathered and carefully selected data is used to improve the current

system.

Procedures

The proponents will gather data by conducting both online and personal surveys

which are done by creating a set of questions and then distributing them to the

target respondents which are the library staff and students. The questions will

only deal with the topic interest of our research. We will also conduct personal

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interviews with the available library staff to get their true feelings and opinions

towards the project.

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