BASICS of ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1

HOW TO… MECHANISMS

DEFINITIONS
 NAME A MOLECULE 
When two molecules react, bonds are broken and
 AROMATICITY
HOMOLOGOUS SERIES
formed. This involves moving pairs of electrons
Define the following Define the following
STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE Name these from one place to another. Reaction mechanisms
terms: ...................................................... compounds, are a way of representing the movement of a pair terms:
SATURATION ......................................................
sametanamagroupanisconsecum
 justifying your of electrons. AROMATIC
STEP 1 COMPOUND 1
answer. 
am
...................................................... .............................................................
www
......................................................
...................................................... Write the prefix which matches Name both kinds of fission, and
draw the products of the given
.............................................................
men
...................................................... Explain why the alkanes  the
number of carbons in the chain. mechanisms.
There are two ways that bonds can be broken:
have the general formula
GENERAL FORMULA CnH2n+2.
............................................................
Length Name
1. ……………………… fission
1
awanstounteatamatar
..................................................... ..................................................... benzene ring

it
............................................................ Both products are radicals.
maasmanympasaasta
an
..................................................... 2
empenxanaana
.....................................................
men
............................................................ Each atom gets an electron.
sene
..................................................... 3
prop
.....................................................
canagucandanetotue ALIPHATIC
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

............................................................
Write the general formula for:
4
but mm
..................................................... .............................................................
contaminosenzenerings
5 .............................................................
momma
..................................................... alkenes .......................................... pent Radicals have an unpaired electron. A small dot
cumin COMPOUND 2
determine.us enemas
.....................................................
alcohols amnion
6
nex is used to represent the unpaired electron.

q
......................................... 7
y
.....................................................
2. ……………………… fission
on
8 2-methylpentane
One positive and one negative ion are
non
9
formed. One atom gets both electrons.

TYPES OF FORMULA an ALICYCLIC

10

 www.n.mn
..................................................... .............................................................
 STEP 2 ceramistbut
ingest
.....................................................
n
.............................................................
What does the molecular formula tell us about a Write or draw preen
.....................................................
compound? the missing
Identify the carbon branches.
These have the same names as metungroupanandcandonant
..................................................... 
i
...............................................................................................
formulae into the chain, plus ‘-yl’, e.g. ethyl. What does a curly arrow
the table. represent?
...............................................................................................
 ............................................................
cyclohexane
Structural formula Displayed formula Skeletal formula
STEP 3  ............................................................
STEP 4

i
Draw the functional groups in
STRUCTURAL ISOMERS
Hydrocarbon chains

is
the Number the carbons in these

Every atom is written are represented using
Every atom and bond is
out. Branches go in zigzag lines, without ‘formula’ column. molecules, and then name
shown.
brackets. hydrogens and the molecules. Define the term ‘structural isomers’.
carbons. Formula Prefix Suffix
.................................................................................................................................................

-ene

on
hydroxy- -ol
Draw four position isomers of C3H6Cl2.

no
-al

to
-one

m
II'd
.........................................................
coon -oic acid

Menemstenen c
a
fluoro-
Another example of isomerism is chain isomerism. Draw the three chain

ca bromo-
chloro- isomers of pentane.
e es a s
car iodo-
II c y egg ?
it
y t t
CH3CFClCH2COOH

If there are two or three of a .........................................................

m
functional group, you add …….

n
or …… before the prefix or
suffix.
© ZigZag Education, 2017