gakveTili – 5

weliwadis cnebis Teologiuri aspeqtebi

(mokle varianti)
@@
weliwadi saeklesio TvalTaxedviT, ZiriTadad sam `saxed~: saekle-
sio, sapaseqo da samoqalaqo (igive kalendarul) weliwadad warmouCndeba
morwmune adamianis cnobierebas, romelTac gansxvavebuli sazrisi aqvT.
weliwadis cneba mWidro kavSirSia saeklesio kalendarTan, romel-
sac rTuli Sinagani agebuleba gaaCnia, da risi ganmapirobebelic misi
umTavresi funqcia − saeklesio liturgikuli cxovrebis regulirebaa.
amasTan, umjobesia ara ubralod saeklesio kalendarze visaubroT,
aramed saeklesio pasqalia-kalendarze, da ise warmovaCinoT misi kavSiri
weliwadTan.
amgvarad, saeklesio pasqalia-kalendari erTgvar Caketil liturgi-
kul cikls warmoadgens, romlis ritmis ganmsazRvreli `uZravi~ da `mo-
Zravi~ dResaswaulebi gaxlavT. umTavresi `uZravi~ dResaswauli − ieso
qristes Sobaa (Zv. st. 25.XII), xolo umTavresi moZravi dResaswauli ki − ma-
cxovris brwyinvale aRdgomis dRe (Zv.st. 22.III ÷ 25. IV).
weliwadis Tvalsawieridan ganWvretili saeklesio pasqalia-kalen-
dari, ori wrisagan, ori nawilisgan Sedgeba: uZravisa da moZravisagan.
aqedan pirveli, ucvlel wres − saeklesio weliwads warmoadgens, xolo
meore ki cvalebad wres − sapaseqo weliwads.
SeniSvna: marTlmadideblur RvTismsaxurebaSi `uZrav~ da `moZrav~ dResaswau-
lebs ganarCeven erTmaneTisagan. dResaswauli `uZravia~, Tu misi aRsrulebis TariRia
ucvleli, Svideulis dRe ki moZravi (mag.: macxovris Soba, xareba, jvarTamaRleba da
sxva). aseve, `moZravia~ dResaswauli, Tu ucvlelia am dResaswaulis aRsrulebis Svide-
ulis dRe, xolo TariRi ki moZravi (mag.: aRdgoma, amaRleba da sxva).

1. saeklesio weliwadi

saeklesio weliwadi aris pasqalia-kalendris wliuri ciklis

uZravi nawili (ucvleli wre), romlis meSveobiTac `uZrav~ dResaswa-
ulTa monacvleoba regulirdeba.
saeklesio weliwadi pirobiTad sam periodad iyofa:
pirveli − yovladwmida RvTismSoblis Sobidan (ufro zustad, saekle-
sio axali wlidan _ Zv. stiliT I seqtembridan) macxovris Sobamde, romelic Zve-
li aRTqmis periods, anu dasabamidan Ze RvTisas gankacebamde drois mo-
nakveTs Seesabameba;
meore − macxovris Sobidan amaRlebis dResaswaulis (aRdgomidan me-40
dRe) wargzavnamde, romelic macxovris amqveyniur cxovrebas eTanadeba;
mesame − sulTmofenobidan (aRdgomidan 50-e dRe) yovladwmida RvTis-
mSoblis miZinebis dResaswaulis wargzavnamde, anu miwieri, mebrZoli
eklesiis daarsebidan vidre meored mosvlamde.
rogorc vxedavT, saeklesio weliwadi romelic (Zv. stiliT) pirveli
seqtembriT iwyeba da 31 agvistos msaxurebiT mTavrdeba, qveynierebis Se-
qmnidan meored mosvlamde drois monakveTs eTanadeba.

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 saeklesio axali wlis dawyebis TariRTan dakavSirebiT XIV sau-
kuneSi moRvawe wm. grigoli palamas swavlebas movuxmobT, romlis mixed-
viTac − `Semodgoma da misi pirveli Tve seqtemberi, romelic aris kidec
wlis dasawyisi, imavdroulad aris dasawyisi Cveni cxonebisa, saRmrTo
aRmSeneblobis gzisa ...~ (ix. 1, wg. 3, gv. 14).

2. sapaseqo weliwadi

sapaseqo weliwadi aris pasqalia-kalendris wliuri ciklis moZ-

ravi nawili (cvalebadi wre), romlis meSveobiTac `moZrav~ dResaswa-
ulTa monacvleoba regulirdeba.
sapaseqo weliwadi moicavs drois intervals aRdgomidan momdevno
aRdgomamde da igi pirobiTad sam periodad iyofa:
pirveli − aRdgomidan yovelTa wmidaTa kviriakemde (sulTmofeno-
bis Semdgomi kvira);
meore − yovelTa wmidaTa kviriakidan mezverisa da farisevlis kvi-
ramde;
mesame − mezveresa da farisevlis kviridan macxovris brwyinvale
aRdgomamde.
zatikis periodi (igive sapaseqo weliwadis I periodi) sam qveperio-
dad iyofa:
1. brwyinvale Svideuli; 2. Tomas kviridan aRdgomis wargzavnamde; 3.
amaRlebidan yovelTa wmidaTa kviriakemde.
aseve sam qveperiodad iyofa sapaseqo weliwadis mesame periodic:
1. didi marxvis mosamzadebeli periodi (sami Svideuli da 4 kvira
dRe); 2. didi marxvis periodi (bzobis kviramde) da 3. vnebis Svideuli.
imis gamo, rom aRdgomis dResaswauli Zv. st-iT 22 martidan 25 apri-
lis CaTvliT moiweva, sapaseqo weliwadis xangrZlivoba dReTa araTana-
bar ricxvs moicavs. sxvadasxva sapaseqo weliwadSi Svideulebis odenoba
50, 51, 54 da 55-ia.
mokled, sapaseqo weliwadTan dakavSirebiT ramdenime umniSvnelo-
vanes sakiTxs SevexebiT, kerZod:
1. `xmaTa~ ganawilebas; 2. kviris 11 saciskro saxarebis ganrigs; 3.
saxarebaTa rigiTi sakiTxavebis ganwess da 4. kviris Svideulebis kvira
da orSabaTi dRiT dawyebas.
1. marTlmadideblur RvTismsaxurebaSi sagaloblebi 8-xmaTa sistema-
zea gawyobili da sapaseqo weliwadSi pirveli xmis aTvla, anu 8-xmaTa
ganwesis dawyeba, yovelTa wmidaTa kviriakis Semdgomi kvira dRidan iw-
yeba.
SeniSvna: petre-pavlobis marxvis aReba sulTmofenobidan pirvel kviras, yovelTa
wmidaTa kviriakes emTxveva.
2. kviris msaxurebaTa ciskris Jamnze monacvleobiT 11 saxareba
ikiTxeba. am saxarebaTa ganwesis pirveli saxarebis kiTxva, sulTmofe-
nobidan I kviras − yovelTa wmidaTa kviriakes iwyeba da ase grZeldeba
didi marxvis damTavrebamde.

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 3. saxarebaTa rigiTi sakiTxavebis ganwesi aRdgomis dRiT iwyeba (da
eklesiaSi dadgenili saTanado wesis Sesabamisad) mTel sapaseqo weli-
wads moicavs: pirveli periodis anu zatikis 7 kviras, meore periodis 33-
38 kvi-ras da mesame periodis (3+7=) 10 kviras.
4. kviris Svideulebi aRdgomidan sulTmofenobamde kvira dRiT iw-
yeba da SabaTiT mTavrdeba, xolo sulTmofenobidan momdevno aRdgomamde
ki orSabaTi dRiT da kvira dRiT sruldeba. Sesabamisad amisa, zatikis
periodSi meore kviras me-2 Svideuli mosdevs, mesame kviras − me-3 Svi-
deuli da a. S., xolo sulTmofenobidan ki pirvel kviras me-2 Svideuli,
me-2 kviras − me-3 Svideuli da a. S. amitom aRdgomis Semdeg pirveli kvi-
ra − Tomas kvira aRdgomidan meore kvirad iwodeba, menelsacxeble deda-
Ta kvira − aRdgomidan mesame kvirad da a. S., xolo sulTmofenobidan
pirveli kvira (yovelTa wmidaTa kviriake) − suliwmidis gardamosvlidan
pirvel kvirad, meore kvira − suliwmidis gardamosvlidan meore kvirad
da a. S.
wm. grigoli palamas swavlebaze dayrdnobiT (1, wg. I, gv 171-172),
sapaseqo wlis dasawyisi _ sapaseqo `axali weli~, es aris dRe:
_ sikvdilidan sicocxleSi gadasvlisa;
_ miwidan zecad amaRlebisa;
_ sulieri gazafxulis dadgomisa;
_ sayovelTao aRdgomis `dasawyisisa~ (meored mosvlis Jams yoveli
adamianis mkvdreTiT aRdgomis moniWebisa);
_ dacemuli kacobrivi bunebis aRdgenisa (romelic mTel sisrules
macxovris zecad amaRlebisas iZens).

3. samoqalaqo weliwadi

drois aRricxvas, ciuri sxeulebis moZraobiT ganpirobebuli,

SedarebiT ucvleli periodiT (kanonzomierad) ganmeorebadi movlenebi
daedo safuZvlad. drois didi intervalebis sazomad iqca saukune da
weliwadi, saSualo intervalebisa − Tve, xolo mciresi ki − dRe. amas-
Tan, bunebriv ganmeorebad procesebidan drois bunebriv etalonebs irCe-
ven, ris Semdegac drois raime Sualedis gazomva, an sazogadod drois
aRricxva, am etalonebze orientirebiT, maTTan Sedarebis safuZvelze
aResruleba.
kalendaruli wlis xangrZlivoba 365 dRe-Ramis tolad aris miC-
neuli, im pirobiT, rom yoveli me-4 wlis xangrZlivoba 366 dRe-Ramis to-
li iqneba, romelsac nakiani weli ewodeba. iuliusis kalendarSi swo-
red amgvarad aris wlebi `dayofili~, rac savsebiT eTanxmeba wmida mama-
Ta swavlebas am sakiTxze (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs VIII saukuneSi moRvawe udidesi wmi-
da mama ioane damaskeli _ ix. 2, gv. 353).
swored amgvarad gaazrebul kalendarul weliwads samoqalaqo we-
liwadi ewoda, xolo drois xangrZlivi Sualedebis aRricxvis sistemas
− welTaRricxva anu kalendari.
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom axali wlis dawyebis TariRi erTob cva-
lebadi sidide gaxlavT, rasac cnobili mecnieris korneli kekeliZis
mokvlevebic adastureben (ix. 3, gv. 18-26) da mas miwieri sazrisi aqvs.

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 damowmebuli literatura:

1. Беседы (омилии) Святителя Григория Паламы, ч. 1÷3, Москва − 1993г..;

2. wmida ioane damaskeli _ `marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis zed-
miwevniTi gadmocema~ (e. WeliZe, Tbilisi − 2000w.).
3. Tsu-s Sromebi, korn. kekeliZe − `Zveli qarTuli weliwadi~, Tbi-
lisi _ 1941w..฀

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d a m a t e b a I:

RvTismSoblis muxlebis klasifikacia

saeklesio tipikoni xSirad miuTiTebs `aw da~-ze RvTismSoblis

muxlebs. aRniSnuli muxlebi or jgufad iyofian:

I. jgufi – RvTismSoblisebi Semgomad dasdebelTa (`ufalo RaRad-vhay-

vsa~-zeda, `stiqaronsa~-zeda da sxva):
a) RvTismSoblisa – `dogmatikoni~ (mimdinare xmis mixedviT);
b) RvTismSoblisa – `aRdgomisa~ (`didebis~ xmis mixedviT);
g) RvTismSoblisa – `rva xmaTa~ (dRisa da `didebis~ xmis mixedviT);

II. jgufi – RvTismSoblisebi Semdgomad troprebisa (`aw ganuteves~,

`RmerTi ufalisa~ da sxvaTa Semdeg);
a) RvTismSoblisa – `aRdgomis gansatevebeli~ (wmindis tropris xmis
mixedviT);
b) RvTismSoblisa – `Svideulis dRis gansatevebeli~ anu `umcires-
Tagani~ (dRisa da tropris xmis mixedviT);

SeniSvna: I jgufis RvTismSoblisebi mocemulia sadResaswaulos bolo-

Si, xolo II jgufisa ki - Jamnsa da sadResaswaulos boloSi.

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