B257.OL3 005 Conventional Island Rev01m

Conventional Island
OL3 EPRTM Advanced Course

B257.OL3.005
Date: 10/2011
Confidential as defined in the Olkiluoto 3 Plant Contract. The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its
contents is not permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages. All rights, including
rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design, are reserved by AREVA.
Learning Objectives
Explain the differences between a Rankine Cycle and modified
thermodynamic cycles with higher efficiency
Recall the two main working principles of Steam Turbines
Describe the purpose of Low Pressure Turbine Stages in
conjunction with the High Pressure Turbine
Define the process chain of the Water-Steam Cycle
Specify the main components of the Feedwater System
Describe the role of the Cooling Water Cycle and its different
possibilities of realization depending on the plant site
2 Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL

B257.OL3.005 – Conventional Island 10/2011 © AREVA NP - All rights are reserved, see liability notice
Content
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Secondary System Overview
Chapter 3: Thermodynamics of the Secondary System
Chapter 4: Water-Steam Cycle
Chapter 5: Steam Turbine
Chapter 6: Cooling Water Cycle
Chapter 7: Main Pumps

Chapter 1
Introduction
Composition of the Secondary Plant
Water-Steam Cycle
SECONDARY SYSTEM
> Moisture Separator Reheater
> Condenser
> LP & HP Feedwater Heaters
> Feedwater Tank & Pumps
Main Machine Sets
> Steam Turbines
> Turbine Auxiliaries
> Electrical Generator
> Generator Exciter
Cooling Water Cycle
> Circulating Water Pumps
> Circulating Water Structure
> Cooling Tower (optional)
Simplified Heat
293.2 °C (Values for OL3) Flow Diagram
NSSS 179 °C G 277.6 °C
H Moisture 2 Stage
Separator Reheating LP Turbines
HP Turbine F E D
G
230.0 °C
206.7°C H 83.2°C 29.3°C Condenser

226.9°C
E
178.0°C 118.8°C 48.2°C 23.9°C
D
143.5°C
F
E7 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 E1
HP Feedwater Heating Feedwater Tank* LP Feedwater Heating *US EPRTM: Deaerator
Heat Balance
of the EPRTM
(Values for OL3)
Energy Transaction Power [MW] Power [%]

Heat Generation ~ 4300 100
Electrical Output ~ 1600 37
Excess Heat Removal ~ 2600 60
Water Outfall
Plant Cooling Water Path
Nuclear Island
OL3 Switchyard
Turbine Island
Water Balance of Plant
7
8
1 Reactor Building
2 Nuclear Auxiliary Building
4 5 3 11
10 3 Turbine Building
4 Circulating Water Pump Building
e
9
tak
6 5 Circulating Water Seal Pit

In
ter
1
6, 7 Essential Water Pump
Wa
Buildings
2
8, 9 Service Water Collecting Ponds
10 Auxiliary Boiler Building
11 Demineralized Water Storage
Demineralized Water Supply
Quay Essential Water System
Concrete Channels
Chapter 2
Secondary System Overview

Main Functions of the Secondary System
Direct and distribute the Main Steam from outside NI
> to the High Pressure Steam Turbine (HPT)
Process the high pressure (HP) exhaust steam for delivering
> to the lower pressure Steam Turbine units
> designed in different stages
Produce electricity by means of the Electrical Generator
Condense the low pressure (LP) exhaust steam
> which could not further be utilized for energy conversion
> by means of the Condensers
Re-Process the various condensates to feedwater
> for re-cycling to the Steam Generators
Principle of Water-Steam Cycle
Moisture Separator
Reheater
HP LP Turbine
Turbine
Condenser
MS Bypass
Steam Feedwater
Generator Storage Tank
Feedwater Main
Pump Condensate
Pump
HP Feedwater LP Feedwater
Heater Heater

Chapter 3
Thermodynamics
of the Secondary System
Thermodynamic Cycles
A
A Thermodynamic
Thermodynamic Cycle
Cycle is
is aa series
series of
of thermodynamic
thermodynamic processes
processes
which
which returns
returns aa system
system toto its
its initial
initial state.
state.
Work
QH QC
TH Thermo- TC
Hot dynamic Cold
Reservoir Reservoir
SYSTEM
Clockwise Counterclockwise
Heat Engine Heat Pump
Thermodynamic Variables
Temperature T Heat Q
Pressure p Enthalpy H
Volume V Entropy S
Heat Engines
A
A Heat
Heat Engine
Engine is
is aa physical
physical or
or theoretical
theoretical device
device that
that converts
converts
Thermal
Thermal Energy
Energy Q Q into
into mechanical output
mechanical output Work
Work W.W.
Steps of Cycle: Technical Thermal Inefficiencies

Compression Heat Losses Insulation
Heat Addition Frictional Losses
Expansion Transmission Losses
Heat Rejection Technical design of subsystem
Real Heat engines typically run on a specific thermodynamic cycle:
Thermodynamic Cycle Heat Engine η [%]
25*
ηth = Heat cycle inlet (Mw)
Otto Cycle Gasoline Automobile Turbine shaft Mw
Reheat Cycle Nuclear Power Plant (EPRTM) 40*
Rankine Cycle Coal-Fueled Power Plant 46*
Combined Cycle Steam- and Gas Turbine 60*
*max
The Carnot Cycle
The Carnot Cycle has the maximum possible thermal
efficiency η for any heat engine operating between two limits.
Heat
Heat Input Exchanger
T [°C ]
2
Qin 1796-
1832
2 3 Compressor 3 Nicolas Léonard

Thot
Sadi CARNOT
Useful
Heat Turbine
1
Tcold
1 Qout 4 4 Tcold
η =1−
s1 s2 s [kJ/kg K] Heat Thot
Exchanger
Step 1-2: Compression (∆s=0) from Tcold
cold
to Thot
hot
Step 2-3: Expansion (∆T=0) constant temperature heat addition
Step 3-4: Expansion (∆s=0) from Thot
hot
to Tcold
cold
Step 4-1: Compression (∆T=0) constant temperature heat rejection
The Rankine Cycle
The Rankine Cycle models a heat engine with
William John
vapour power cycle where constant temperature Macquorn
heat transfer occurs by phase change at constant RANKINE
pressure. 1820-
T [°C ]
1872
3 •
• Wturbine
QV 3
• •
Qin Tav
• 4
• • QV
2 Wpump Wturbine • •
•• Wpump Qout
• •
1 Qout 4 2
• 1
Specific Entropy s [kJ/kg K] Qin
Step 1-2: Compression (∆s~0) in Pump

Step 2-3: Heat supply (∆p=0) in Boiler η =1−
T4,1 (h3 − h4 )
=
Step 3-4: Expansion (∆s~0) in Steam Turbine Tav (h3 − h1 )
Step 4-1: Heat rejection (∆p=0) in Condenser
h = enthalpy (kJ/kg)

Variations of the Basic Rankine Cycle
The Overall Thermodynamic Efficiency η of almost any cycle

can be increased by some improvements of the Basic Rankine cycle
A Measures of efficiency enhancement

T [°C ]
A Main steam superheating (typical in coal

p1
• B plants not possible in nuclear plants)
Basic Rankine
p2
Cycle
B Intermediate steam superheating
•• • C Decrease of condensation pressure
D C
D Preheating of feedwater
Specific Entropy s [kJ/kg K]
Nuclear plant typical curve

The Reheat Cycle
The Reheat Cycle is a variation of the Rankine cycle with two
turbines (high pressure HPT and low pressure LPT) working in series.
Boiler 2
T [°C ]
• 3 4 5
• QR
QV 3 5
•
Qboi • •• • Tav Boiler HP LP Turbine
WHPT Turbine
• 1
•
4 • 6
2 Wpump WLPT Condenser
•• • • p = const. 2
1 Qout 6
1
Step 1-2: Compression (∆s~0)
Step 2-3: Heat supply (∆p=0) Reheat Cycle Advantages:
Step 3-4: Expansion (∆s~0) Prevents vapor condensation
Step 4-5: Steam reheating (∆p=0) Improves cycle efficiency
Step 5-6: Expansion (∆s~0)
Step 6-1: Heat rejection (∆p=0) Protects Turbine blades
The Regenerative
Cycle
T [°C ]
Generic Cycle
In the Regenerative Rankine Cycle the •
subcooled liquid emerging from the • QR
• QV 3 5
condenser is heated by steam tapped Qboi •• • Tav
• •
from the hot portion of the cycle. Qex •2 WHPT •
•
4 •
Boiler 2 WLPT
3 5
•• Wpump • p = const.
4 •
1 Qout 6
Boiler HP LP Turbine p=80bar p=1bar
1 Turbine
Extraction 6
Steam Condenser NPP Cycle (OL3 values)
2 400
Temperature [°C]
Steam
1 300 Generators
Feedwater
Heater
200 Feedwater
Preheaters
100
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Entropy s [kJ/(kg·K)]
The Mollier Diagram
Thermodynamic cycles can be
identically represented in different
diagrams (T-s, Mollier,…)
The Mollier Diagram shows enthalpy
(kJ/kg) Vs entropy (kJ/kg·K)
Focused in the saturated/overheated
steam area
Advantage: direct reading of
enthalpy in the vertical axis η=
f(∆h)
Turbine manufacturers show the
turbine steam expansion in a
Mollier Diagram

Chapter 4
Water-Steam Cycle
Main Systems of the Secondary Circuit
Sub-System of Secondary System Abbrev. KKS ECS
Main Steam Supply System MSSS LBA [VVP]
High Pressure Turbine HPT MAA
Moisture Separator Reheater System MSR LBJ [GSS]
Low Pressure Turbines LPT MAC
Condensing System CONDR MAG [CEX]
Main Feedwater System MFWS LAB [ARE]
Feedwater Storage Tank, Deaerator FWST LAA [ADG]
Auxiliary Steam System AUX STM LBG [SVA1]

Water-Steam Cycle Process Overview (1/2)
19 19
22 20 23 22 20 23
2 2 3 3 3
OL3
1 21 21
12
1
24 24
1 25
10 9 9 9
1 Steam 11
Generator 1 13
15
18 18
14 4 4 4
17 17
8
5 5 5
16 16
2 HP Turbine 6
7
3 LP Turbine
4 Condenser
5 Cond. Extraction Pumps 12 LP Feedwater Heater A4 19 Moisture Pre-Separator
6 Gland Steam Condenser 13 Feedwater Storage Tank 20 Moisture Separator Reheater
7 Blowdown Cooler (NI) 14 4x33% Feedwater Pumps 21 Moisture Separator Cond. Tank
8 LP Condensate Cooler 15 1x5% ST/SD Feedwater Pump 22 Reheater Stage 1 Cond. Tank
9 LP FW Heater A1/A2 16 HP Feedwater Heater A6 23 Reheater Stage 2 Cond. Tank
10 LP Feedwater Heater A3 17 HP Feedwater Heater A7 24 Moisture Separator Cond. Pump
11 LP Heater Drains Pump 18 Reheater Stage 2 Con. Cooler 25 Auxiliary Steam Header
System Arrangement in the Turbine
Height: 39.60 m OL3 Building
Width: 60.00 m
Length: 100.00 m
LPT GEN
LPT
MSR LPT
MSSS FWST
MSR HPT
MFWS MSSS
MSSS HP FWH FWP FWP

FWP
w
MFWS FWP
ST/SD FWP FWPS
S N
E
FWP Feedwater Pump ST/SD FWP Start-up and Shutdown FW Pump
FWPS Feedwater Piping System HP FWH High Pressure Feedwater Heater
Water-Steam Cycle/Main Feedwater
Moisture Separator
Reheater
HP LP Turbine
Turbine
Condenser
MS Bypass
Steam Main Feedwater

Feedwater
Generator System Storage Tank
Feedwater Main
Pump Condensate
Pump
Heater Heater

Main Feedwater System
The Main Feedwater System (MFWS) supplies Feedwater (FW) to
the Steam Generators with the required thermodynamic conditions (T, p)
•
and mass flow (m) under normal operating conditions.
Main Feedwater Piping System

Main Feedwater Pumping System Pressure
High Pressure Feedwater Heating System Temperature
Start-up and Shutdown Piping System
Start-up and Shutdown Pump System
Reheater Stage 2 Condensate Coolers from MSR

HP Heater Drains System (cooled-down ES) to Condenser
High Pressure Extraction Steam Piping System
Main Feedwater System
OL3 SG
Process Diagram
High Pressure MSR
1 Turbine
Main FW Pump MAA
Start-Up and 1
Shutdown Pump
A7 A6
Booster Pump 1 • •
M Motor
• • Feedwater Storage Tank
• Gear Box 1
15
Globe M
• Valve LCS71 LCS72 M M
M M
M Automatic LCS M
Valve LAD71 LAD72 11/12 14 M
M
M Automatic
Control M
Valve M
M
• Swing Type LAC
Check Valve LAD61 LAD62 *LBQ*
M
• Check LAD
Valve w.
Actuator LCH to Minimum
Condenser flow line
Water-Steam Cycle/Main Steam
Main Steam
Piping System Moisture Separator
Reheater
HP LP Turbine
Turbine
Condenser
MS Bypass
Steam Feedwater
Feedwater Main
Pump Condensate
Pump
Heater Heater

Main Steam Piping System
Process Overview
OL3 ∅ = 1000 mm 72.57 bar LBA 50 4
1 2 3
LBA 30
550 mm
78 bar
LBA 20 LBA
MAA Main Steam
Piping System
∅=
LBA 10
∅ = 750 mm
LBA 40
JEA ∅ = 800 mm 75.6 bar
Steam Generators
40
Relief Main characteristics:

JEA • Valve
10 4 Main Steam Pipings
M Automatic
Valve 4x 50% main steam relief valve (1)
JEA Automatic
M 4x 25% 1st safety valve (2)
20 Control
Valve
4x 25% 2nd safety valve (3)
JEA Safety
30 Valve 50% main steam bypass station (4)
Main Steam Piping System
Operational Functions
HP Steam Main
Main Steam
Steam Piping
Piping
Common
Turbine Steam Inlet System
System ::

Main
Main steam
steam supply
supply from
from SG
SG
to
to Steam
Steam Turbine
Turbine during
during
normal
normal operating
operating conditions
conditions

Dumping
Dumping of
of main
main steam
steam
through
through Bypass
Bypass Station
Station to
to
Condensers
Condensers during
during Turbine
Turbine
bypass
bypass operation
operation
Bypass
Steam
Steam supply
supply to
to Feedwater
Feedwater
valve Tank
Tank during
during Turbine
Turbine bypass
bypass
Main operation
operation
Steam

Warm-up
Warm-up and
and drain
drain the
the Main
Main
HP Emergency LP Steam
Steam Piping
Piping during
during Start-Up
Start-Up
Stop Valve Preheater
HP Control Valve
Chapter 5
Steam Turbine
Water-Steam Cycle/Turbines & Moisture
Separator Reheaters
Moisture Separator
Reheater
HP LP Turbine
Turbine
Turbines &
MSRs
Condenser
MS Bypass
Steam Feedwater
Feedwater Main
Pump Condensate
Pump
Heater Heater

Parsons Steam Turbine
The modern Steam Turbine was invented in 1884 by the
English engineer Charles A. Parsons, whose first model
was connected to a dynamo that generated
7.5 kW of electricity.
Conical
Casing
Steam Impeller
Nozzles 1854
- 193
1
Idler
Steam
Charles Algernon
PARSONS
Rotating
Axis
z p2
p1
2-step Parsons Steam Turbine
Steam Turbine Types
Steam
• Admission Impulse
Impulse Turbine:
Turbine:
m1 Casing

Direct
Direct impulse
impulse against
against blades
blades

Higher
Higher flow
flow losses
losses per
per stage
stage
Shaft

High
High enthalpy
enthalpy drop
drop per
per stage
stage

Low
Low number
number of of stages
stages
Guide
Wheel •
Steam
Short
Short rotor
rotor
m2 • Exhaust
m3
One Rotating Reaction

One
Wheel
Reaction Turbine:
Turbine:
Stage
Stage

Blade
Blade rotation
rotation by
by reactive
reactive force
force
012

Low
Low flow
flow losses
losses per
per stage
stage
• • •
Lower
Lower enthalpy
enthalpy drop
drop per
per stage
stage
Mass flow m1 = m2 = m3
Steam Pressure p1 > p2 > p3
Higher
Higher number
number ofof stages
stages
Specific volume v´´1 < v´´2 < v´´3
Long
Long rotor
rotor
Turbine Energy Conversion
To
To obtain
obtain the
the rotating
rotating energy
energy in in the
the turbine
turbine shaft:
shaft:

Steam
Steam energy
energy (enthalpy)
(enthalpy) is
is transformed
transformed in in kinetic
kinetic energy
energy (speed)
(speed)
How?
How? proper
proper nozzle
nozzle design
design (nozzle
(nozzle == space
space between
between 22 blades)
blades)

Enthalpy
Enthalpy decrease
decrease is is due
due toto aa pressure
pressure decrease
decrease

Depending
Depending where
where this
this energy
energy transformation
transformation is is made
made we we have:
have:
•• Impulse
Impulse turbine
turbine (only
(only in
in stator blades)
stator blades) R R == 00
•• Reaction
Reaction turbine
turbine (both,
(both, stator
stator and
and rotor blades)(1)
rotor blades) (1)
RR == 0.5
0.5
Reaction Ratio R
∆h isentropic, rotor
R=
∆h isentropic, stage
(1) For a typical steam turbine with R=0.5 50% of the pressure drop occurs in rotor and 50% in stator
The pure reaction turbine R = 1 has technical problems (very high speed needed) and is not manufactured

Working Principles of Steam Turbines
Moving Blades
Impulse Turbine Rotor Reaction Turbine (R=0.5)
Fixed Nozzle Rotating Nozzle
Moving Blades
Rotating Nozzle
Fixed Nozzle Rotor
Stator
Rotation
p u p u Wheel Velocity
Steam Pressure
c Absolute Steam Velocity

c
When p 0 1 2 z 0 1 2 z
non desirable F1 F2
F
forces appear
in the wheels
Specific Steam Volume
Due to successive expansion of the steam inside the Turbine from
stage to stage, the blade radius increases with the decrease of density.
LPT rotor
Location Pressure Steam quality (%) or Steam density

bar (absolute) Temperature (°C) (kg/m3)
HPT inlet 75.6 99.47 40.07
HPT outlet 9.99 84.25 6.10
LPT inlet 9.51 277.6 3.84

LPT outlet 0.0289 89.11 0.024
OL3 values
One kg of steam increase its volume 6.5 times inside the HPT
One kg of steam increase its volume 160 times inside the LPT
Double Flow Steam Turbine
Double Flow Steam Turbine example
High Pressure
Steam Inlet
F F
F: Force
Axial thrust
balance
Low Pressure Steam Outlet

to Condenser Rotor of Double Flow Steam Turbine
Siemens SST- 6000
The Turbine-Generator Set
LP Turbine LP Turbine LP Turbine
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
HP Turbine
Generator
HP
Steam
Inlet
Turning Coupling
Turbine LP Steam 0 5 10 m
Gear
Bearing Inlet Generator
Lube Oil Pump
Bearing
Combining one or
several Steam Turbines
with a Generator
produces a Turbine-
Generator Unit (set)

EPRTM Steam Turbines
The large main steam flow of the EPRTM of 2554 kg/s requires a
symmetrical double-flow construction of the LP turbine cylinders
Olkiluoto
Olkiluoto 33 (OL3)
(OL3)
MSR
M M

1720
1720 MW
MWelel gross
gross output
output
HP LP LP LP ∼
Reaction
Reaction Turbines
Turbines

22 Pressure
Pressure Stages
Stages
MSR
M M

HP
HP ++ LP
LP double
double flow
flow
SIEMENS Turbine
Shaft
Shaft length:
length: 67.1m
67.1m

Olkiluoto 3
Turbine-Generator Set
3 Low Pressure Turbines Generator
Contribution
Contribution to to the
the 67.1 m Generator
output power(1)
output power (1) High Pressure Exciter
Turbine

HPT = 37%
HPT = 37% + 16.00

LPT
LPT == 33 xx 21%
21%
(1) approximated values
2 Moisture
Foundation Block
Separator
Reheaters
(MSR)
3 Condensers
Turbine Train Generator

SIEMENS
SIEMENS SST SST SIEMENS
SIEMENS SGEN5-4000W
SGEN5-4000W
Konvoi-based
Konvoi-based design
design Three-Phase
Three-Phase Synchronous
Synchronous
Electrical
Electrical gross
gross output
output 1720
1720 MW
MW Electrical
Electrical gross
gross output
output 1900
1900 MVA
MVA
Rotating
Rotating Speed
Speed 1500
1500 rpm
rpm Rotating
Rotating Speed
Speed 1500
1500 rpm
rpm
OL3
High Pressure Turbine
HP Steam Admission
11.3 % of HP steam flow
Diagonal
Inlet Stage are extracted for
HP Steam
Extraction A7 Feedwater Heating
Extraction A6
OL3
OL3 HP
HP Turbine
Turbine Features
Features

Double
Double Shell
Shell Concept
Concept

Monoblock
Monoblock Rotor
Rotor

Double
Double flow
flow steam
steam path
path

Full
Full Arc
Arc Admission
Admission

Advanced
Advanced Blading
Blading Design
Design
HPT
A6 Blading
Extraction
Point A7 Steam
Exhaust
Purpose of the Steam Reheating System
The exhaust steam leaving the HP Turbine

still carries enough inner energy (enthalpy) to be able to drive
the Low Pressure Turbines.
After having performed work in the HP Turbine,

the main steam has partially expanded and cooled down
associated with the occurrence of vapour and
minor droplets (wet steam) cold reheat steam.
The function of the Steam Reheating System is

to extract the moisture from the steam and
to add a certain amount of thermal energy.

Arrangement of
Steam Reheating System
Hot Reheat Piping System HRPS
Cold Reheat Piping System CRPS
Moisture Separator / Reheater System MSRS
OL3 In the Moisture Separator

MSR 2 Reheater System,
MSR 1 the moisture content of the
two-phase steam system
e2
Pip
is reduced by mechanical
LPT 1
eat
measures from:
e1
eh
Pi p
tR
LPT 2 16% at pre-separator inlet

eat
Ho
to 0.5% prior to reheating

Reh
LPT 3
LP prevents the LP-Turbine
Hot
Reheat
Steam blading from
Admission erosion corrosion
Two-Phase Condition of Water
Different Steam qualities are located near the Liquid-Vapor Phase Boundary
Steam quality [%]
Pre-Separ. inlet 84.25
Evolution
Evolution of
of water-steam
water-steam flow
flow
in
in the
the T-s
T-s diagram
diagram Reheater: moisture 96.42
separator inlet
Reheater: Stage 1 99.5
inlet
Reheater: Stage 2 100(1)
inlet
400
(1) Superheated steam
Temperature [°C]
293.2 °C To
300 278 °C LPT
From
200 HPT
100
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Entropy s [kJ/(kg·K)] OL3
Steam Reheating System
Process Overview
Cold Reheat Pipe 20 MPS 61 MPS 62 Hot Reheat Pipe 20
CRP 10 HRP 10
MSR MSR
61 62
22 23 22 23 LP Turbine
HP Turbine
HRP 10
A7
21 21
24 24
MPS Moisture Pre-Separator

21 Moisture Separator Condensate Tank
Feedwater Tank 22 Reheater Stage 1 Condensate Tank
23 Reheater Stage 2 Condensate Tank
24 Moisture Separator Condensate Pump
32001000
800 700 600500 300
650 600 550
400 200
500 450 100 50
400 30 20 10
Steam Expansion in the
5
Turbines (OL3)
Olkiluoto 3; 100%;
8°C CWT
350
Reheat
300
3000
1
250
Moisture Sep.
200
LPT
A
0.5
2800
150
HPT 100
Enthalpie h [kJ/kg]
A7
2600 1.00
A6 A2
0.99
0.1
0.98
Drain effect in
0.97
LPT
0.96
0.05
0.95
2400 0.94
A 0.93
0.92
0.91
0.90
0.01
0.89

100
100 %
% Reactor
Reactor
2200 0.87
0.88
Power
Power
0.86
0.83
0.84
0.85

88 °C
°C of
of CCWS
CCWS inlet
inlet
0.81
0.82
temperature
temperature
0.80
2000
5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500 8,000
Entropie s [kJ/kg K]

Moisture
Stationary Pre-Separator
Vanes The Moisture Pre-Separator
POWERSEP is a high-velocity
centrifugal separator.
The
The steam-water
steam-water mixture:
mixture:
Transformation
Transformation into
into aa vortex
vortex flow
flow by
by
Swirl
Swirl producer
producer w.
w. stationary
stationary vanes
vanes
Water
Water droplets
droplets splashed
splashed onto
onto wall
wall
Water
Outlet Nozzle
by
by resulting
resulting centrifugal
centrifugal action
action
Characteristics Data Unit
Swirl Producer
Collecting Overall length 6000 mm
Chamber
Outer Diameter 2200 mm
Overall mass 3 t
A C Inlet flow rate 963.9 kg / s
Outlet flow rate 842.5 kg / s
Inlet steam content 84.25 %
A Wet steam
Outlet steam content 96.42 %
B Separated water
B C Dried steam ∆ pressure 0.06 bar
Estimated Add. Power 3 MW
Moisture Separator Reheater
Hot Reheat Pipe
Moisture
Man separation
44 Reheaters
Reheaters Stage
Stage 22
by force
of gravity
44 Reheaters
Reheaters Stage
Stage 11
Powervanes
Moisture
Moisture Separator
Separator
Moisture
Moisture Pre-Separator
Pre-Separator
Cold Reheat Pipe
∅ = DN 2000
Characteristics Data Unit
Overall height 23195 mm
Inner Diameter 5800 mm
Reheater
Reheater Stage
Stage 22 Condensate
Condensate Tank
Tank Inlet flow rate 842.5 kg / s
Outlet flow rate 770.6 kg / s
Reheater
Reheater Stage
Stage 11 Condensate
Condensate Tank
Tank Outlet temperature 277.8 °C
OL3
Low Pressure Turbine
Last Stage Blade Rupture Inner Casing
(LSB) Discs (Stator)
A Guide Blade carriers
Annular and rings form
Ducts
together annular
A Steam
Exhaust ducts which serve
as drains.
OL3
OL3 LP
LP Turbine
Turbine Features
Features

Double
Double Shell
Shell Concept
Concept
Rotor
Shrunk
Shrunk on
on Disc
Disc Rotor
Rotor
Steam
Double
Double flow
flow steam
steam path
path
Admission
Outer Casing
Exhaust
Exhaust Area
Area == 30 m22
30 m
Rigid Connection to
Erosion
Erosion Protection
Protection
Condenser
OL3
LP Turbine Disc Type Rotor
A Longitudinal cross-section A
Shrunk on Disc Fir Tree Root
LSB
Shaft
Wheel
LSB
9950 mm
Bearing Distance
OL3 Low Pressure Turbine Rotor
(largest in the world)

OL3 LP Turbine
1 Last Stage Blade
WT
3
DT
WR DH
Characteristics Data
Blade Length L 1830 mm Largest Turbine Blade ever built
Hub Diameter DH 3060 mm
1 Supersonic Tip Profiles
Tip Diameter DT 6720 mm
2 Fir Tree Root
Blade Tip Width WT 453 mm 3 Last Stage Blading (not OL3)
Blade Root Width WR 548 mm
Part Load Operation Main Parameters
1,2
1
Normalized values
0,8
MFW flow
SG pressure
0,6
T inlet SG
efficiency
0,4
0,2
0
45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Reactor Power (%)
MFW flow pressure

Power (%) T inlet SG (°C)
(kg/s) (barabs)
50 1216 87,6 204,4
90 2199 80,3 225,9

OL3 values
100 2449 78 230,2

Water-Steam Cycle/Condensate & Pre-Heaters
Moisture Separator
Reheater
HP LP Turbine
Turbine
Condenser
MS Bypass
Condensate System
Steam Feedwater & Pre-heaters
Feedwater Main
Pump Condensate
Pump
Heater Heater

Condensing System
The Condensing System (CONDR) serves to condense the
steam exhausted by the Low Pressure Turbines and other sources.
Main tasks of the Condensing System:

Condense exhaust steam from LP Turbines during turbine operation
Condense main steam from Bypass Station during bypass operation
Maintain the required vacuum
Absorb steam + condensate from Steam Turbine Auxiliary Systems
> Steam Turbine Drain System
> Seal Steam System (Gland steam)
Deaerate the condensate
Deminarelized water inlet point to equalize water balance
of the Water-Steam Cycle

LPT Enthalpy Output
versus Condenser Pressure
Winter time Summer time
∆hLPT= 728 kJ/kg ∆hLPT= 686.8 kJ/kg

LPT LPT
0.0289 bar 0.044 bar

≈ 300 m/s ≈ 300 m/s
x = 89.11% x = 90.20%
18.5 °C (*) 25.5 °C (*)
Condenser Condenser
8.0 °C pCond 15.0 °C pCond
TCond TCond
23.5 °C 30.5 °C
(*) estimated value

Turbine-
OL3 Condenser Assembly
1
LP Turbine
2
11 LP
LP Turbine
Turbine Blades
Blades
3 22 LP
LP Turbine
Turbine Inner
Inner Casing
Casing
2
33 LP
LP Shaft
Shaft
4
A2 44 LP
LP Turbine
Turbine Exhaust
Exhaust Steam
Steam
A1 A1 6 55 Condenser
Condenser Casing
Casing
5
66 LP
LP Extraction
Extraction Steam
Steam Pipe
Pipe A1
A1
Condenser
7
8 77 LP
LP Extraction
Extraction Steam
Steam Pipe
Pipe A2
A2
9 88 LP
LP Duplex
Duplex Pre-Heater
Pre-Heater
10 99 Steam
Steam Shell
Shell (condensation)
(condensation)
11
10
10 Condenser
Condenser Tube
Tube Bundle
Bundle
11
11 Air
Air Cooler
Cooler Tube
Tube Bundle
Bundle
12
12
12 Hotwell
Hotwell
Main Condensate System
OL3 Condenser
The OL3 Condenser is a sea-water cooled
box-type heat exchanger with downward steam flow. Titanium
Tubes and Plates
LPT Exhaust Steam
Extraction LP Duplex
Steam Pre-Heater
Water
Box
Tube Bundle
17 Characteristics Data
m
CW
Operating Mass 1600 t
Outlet Tube
Support Total mass empty 228 t
Circulating
Plates Total Tube Length 1850 km
Water Intake
Condenser Functionality
Main Condenser
OL3 Evacuation System
Condenser
Condenser Requirements:
Requirements:

Min.
Min. steam
steam side
side pressure
pressure drop
drop

wide
wide steam
steam passage
passage

constant
constant steam
steam velocity
velocity

High
High Heat
Heat Transfer
Transfer Coefficient
Coefficient

non-condensable
non-condensable gasesgases
reduce
reduce HTC
HTC

air
air cooler
cooler provide
provide lowest
lowest pp

No
No Heat
Heat Loss
Loss by
by condensate
condensate
sub-cooling
sub-cooling

warming-up
warming-up by by ext.
ext. steam
steam

before
before entering
entering hotwell
hotwell
The Hotwell
provides suction for the
Main Condensate Pumps
Feedwater Pre-Heaters
293.2 °C
206.7°C H 83.2°C 29.3°C Condenser

226.9°C
178.0°C 118.8°C 48.2°C 23.9°C
0.03
143.5°C bar
25 bar
96 12 F
E7 E6 bar bar E5 E4 E3 E2 E1
HP Feedwater Heating Feedwater Tank LP Feedwater Heating

Chapter 6
Cooling Water Cycle

Cooling Water Cycle Process Diagram
Waterbox Priming System
Closed Cooling
Circulating Water Seal Pit Water System
13
10 PGB/SRI
10 10 PCB/SEN
10
11 11 11 4 4
3 3 3 11 5 5 5 8 8
PAB/CRF
7
Auxiliary Cooling 6
Water
System 6
OL3 12 12
2 2 2 2 6
Circulating Water System
1 1 1 1 13 Cooling Water 6 Closed Cooling Water

Recirculation Pumps Pumps
1 Mechanical Cleaning 3 Condensers 12 Aux. Cooling Water Pumps
2 Circulating Water Pumps 5 Closed Cooling Water Heat Exchangers 8 Component Coolers
Heat Removal
through the Cooling Water Cycle
Circulating Water System Auxiliary Cooling Water System
CRF SEN
Excess Heat Removal Waste Heat Removal

from Power Production from Component Coolers
*OL3 ~2600 MW* ~ 40 MW*

Open Circuit Open Circuit
with with
Large Capacity of Low Capacity of
Sea Water Circulation Sea Water Circulation
Total flow rate: Total flow rate:

52690 kg/s 1368 kg/s

Location of
Cooling Water Systems
OL3 Supply and
Discharge
of Cooling Water
HP-1 HC-1
SRI
SEN
HP
HM
HC-2
HM: Turbine Building SRI: Closed Cooling Water Heat Exchanger

HP: Circulating Water Pump Building SEN: Auxiliary Water Pumps
HP-1: Circulating Water Seal Pit HC1: Circulating Water Intake
Condenser
Tube Cleaning System
Impurities that may form deposits in the Condenser Tubes are
removed by the Condenser Tube Cleaning System.
Continuous cleaning of internal tube
surfaces is accomplished by:
Circulation of sponge rubber balls
Condenser Ball ∅ slightly larger than tube ∅
Ball density when wet
similar to cooling water density
Balls injection
Differential pressure into cooling water inlet
measurement The water force carries the balls
Ball into the water boxes
Ball Strainer
Collector through the condenser tubes
and into the ball strainer
From there they are pumped by the
Cooling Water Cooling Water Ball Recirculation Pumps
Inlet Outlet through the ball collector
and back to cooling water inlet
Effect of Tube Fouling
Estimated values for a 1600 Mw NPP
on Heat Transfer
TSteam = 27.5 °C (Tube fouling) Thermal
Thermal losses
losses from
from
Vacuum Loss micro
micro fouling:
fouling:
TSteam = 23.5 °C (Clean Condenser)
Around
Around 40%
40% of
of the
the
condenser
condenser heatheat transfer
transfer
Temperature [ °C]
losses
losses
T2 = 18.5 °C

Rise
Rise of
of the
the heat
heat
consumption
consumption in in the
the heat
heat
TCW (Clean Condenser) ∆T
Tube condition transfer
transfer process
process
clean 5K
T1 = 8 °C
deposit 9K
An
An increase
increase ofof 44 K K in
in the
the
condenser
condenser saturation
saturation
CW CW temperature
Inlet Outlet
temperature causes
causes aa loss loss
of
of electrical
electrical output
output ~~ 1.5%
1.5%
(for
(for 1300
1300 MwMw existing
existing plants)
plants)
The Condenser Tube Cleaning System maintain the best

heat transfer conditions in the condenser
Micro
Micro fouling
fouling in
in tubes
tubes due
due to:
to: Types of Fouling

Sedimentation
Sedimentation (sand,…)
(sand,…)

Bio
Bio fouling
fouling (microbial
(microbial growth,…)
growth,…)

Crystallization
Crystallization of
of suspended
suspended
solids
solids (carbonates,…)
(carbonates,…)
Different kind of balls for different kind of fouling

Corrosion
Corrosion products
products (oxides,…)
(oxides,…)
Typical condenser tube sheet

Chapter 7
Main Pumps
(Turbine Island)
Water-Steam Cycle Process Overview
19 19
22 20 23 22 20 23
2 2 3 3 3
1 21 21
1 12
24 24
1 25
10 9 9 9
1 Steam 11
Generator 1 13
15
18 18
14 4 4 4
17 17
8
5 5 5
16 16
2 HP Turbine 6
7
3 LP Turbine
4 Condenser
5 Cond. Extraction Pumps12 LP Feedwater Heater A4 19 Moisture Pre-Separator
6 Gland Steam Condenser 13 Feedwater Storage Tank 20 Moisture Separator Reheater
7 Blowdown Cooler (NI) 14 4x33% Feedwater Pumps 21 Moisture Separator Cond. Tank
8 LP Condensate Cooler 15 1x5% ST/SD Feedwater Pump 22 Reheater Stage 1 Cond. Tank
9 LP FW Heater A1/A2 16 HP Feedwater Heater A6 23 Reheater Stage 2 Cond. Tank
10 LP Feedwater Heater A3 17 HP Feedwater Heater A7 24 Moisture Separator Cond. Pump
11 LP Heater Drains Pump 18 Reheater Stage 2 Con. Cooler 25 Auxiliary Steam Header
Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL
69 Fig. 1.1 © AREVA NP - All rights are reserved, see liability notice
Cooling Water Cycle Process Diagram
Waterbox Priming System
Closed Cooling
Circulating Water Seal Pit Water System
13
10 PGB/SRI
10 10 PCB/SEN
10
11 11 11 4 4
3 3 3 11 5 5 5 8 8
PAB/CRF
7
Auxiliary Cooling 6
Water
System 6
OL3 12 12
2 2 2 2 6
Circulating Water System
1 1 1 1 13 Cooling Water 6 Closed Cooling Water

Recirculation Pumps Pumps
1 Mechanical Cleaning 3 Condensers 12 Aux. Cooling Water Pumps
2 Circulating Water Pumps 5 Closed Cooling Water Heat Exchangers 8 Component Coolers
Feedwater Pump Function & Main Data (1/2)
The pumps are designed to provide the required water from the
feedwater tank to the steam generators
Each feedwater pump set comprises:
Main pump
Booster pump
Electric motor
Transmission gear
Three feedwater pumps shall operate in parallel
The fourth feedwater pump is in standby
The pumps are driven by a 4-pole electric motor
Booster is directly connected
Main pump is connected via a transmission gear

Feedwater Pump Main Data (2/2)
Main Component Data
Main Feedwater Pump 30LAC11/12/13/14 AP001

Number 4 x 33%
Type Single stage, double
suction, volute type
Flow rate nominal appr. 822kg/s
Discharge head nominal appr. 87,5bar
NPSH Booster Pump (required/available) appr. 7,5/15,4 m
Impeller material Chromium steel
Casing material Chromium steel

Feedwater Pump General Arrangement

Main Pump Section
Outlet
Inlet
Main Pump

Booster Pump Section
Inlet Booster Pump
Outlet

Feedwater Pump Location
Level +0.00
Start-up and Shut-down Pump
Function & Main Data (1/2)
During start-up and shutdown operation of the plant, the start-up/shutdown
feedwater pump is in operation (there is only one pump)
The start-up feed water pump will be driven by a 2 - pole electric motor.
The pump is directly connected to the shaft end of the motor
The pump is of the multistage, barrel type running at low speed (approx.
3000 rpm) to achieve a low NPSH required of the pump and to have a
safety margin against vaporisation at the impeller eye

Start-up and Shut-down Pump Main Data(2/2)
Start-up/shut-down feedwater pump 30LAJ10 AP001

Number 1
Type multi stage, horizontal
barrel type
Flow rate nominal appr.. 110kg/s
Discharge head nominal appr. 100bar
NPSH (required/available) appr. 7,4/12,4 m
Casing material Carbon steel

Start-up and Shut-down Pump Section
Outet
Inlet

Start-up and Shut-down Pump Picture
Inlet
∅ = 150 mm Characteristics Data Unit
∅ = 200
mm Outlet Overall height 1.565 m
Design flow rate 110 kg / s
Differential pressure 100 bar
Rotating speed 3000 min-1
Power required 1600 kW
Impellers
Sh
aft
Main Components:
Massive forged barrel
5 tandem impellers
Cartridge-style inner During plant start-up and shutdown as well as
casing sub-assembly. warming-up and residual heat removal only the
driven by a 2-pole
Start-Up and Shutdown Feedwater Pump
electric motor is in operation, circulating up to 5% of total flow.
Condensate Pump Functions
The main condensate system has the following functions:
Deliver the condensate from the hotwells of the condensers via the LP
feedwater heating trains and the deaerator sprayers to the feedwater
storage tank (FWST)
Supply injection water to the moisture separator drains system
Supply injection water to the LP turbine injection system during no-load or
low-load operation of the turbine generator
Supply injection water to the turbine bypass system

Condensate Pump Main Data(1/2)
The condensate extraction pumps are designed to operate under all
plant load conditions
The condensate extraction pump is of the vertical wet pit type,

mounted in a steel barrel on the cellar floor
Impellers and wearing rings are of proven material quality

The first impeller is a dual volute, double suction design in order to
achieve low NPSH requirements
The depth of the intake can installation will be determined by the pump
manufacturer taking the maximum operating case into consideration

Condensate Pump Main Data(2/2)
CEP 30LCB11/12/13 AP001

Number 3 x 50%
Type Multistage vertical
can type
Flow rate nominal ca. 700 kg/s
Discharge head nominal ca. 26 bar
NPSH (required) ca. 5,5 m
Casing material Carbon steel

Condensate Pump Section

Condensate Pump Picture

Condensate Pump Location
Level -8.00

Circulating Pump Function and Main Data (1/2)
Supply of cooling water to the turbine condenser
The circulating water pumps are designed to operate under all plant load
conditions
The pumps will be of the constant speed, vertical shaft, single stage single
suction impeller, and concrete volute type. The pump is driven by a 4-pole
electric motor via a speed reduction gear
Each suction area will be located in its own pump bay, so that one pump
will not interfere hydraulically with the operation of the other pump
Impeller submergence shall be sufficient to avoid cavitation
Duplex stainless steel will be used for all parts of the pump, which are in
contact with the pumped water

Circulating Pump Main Data(2/2)
Circulating Water Pump PAC11/12/13/14 AP001

Number 4 x 25%
Type volute type
Flow rate nominal 13173 kg/s
Discharge head nominal 10,7 m
NPSH (required) ca. 5,9 m
Impeller material Duplex steel
Casing material Concrete/ Duplex stainless

Circulating Pump General Arrangement

Circulating Pump Location
PAB/PAC
(Circulation Water System)

The Most Important Facts to Remember
The turbine and steam feed cycle are designed to allow:
Satisfactory operation of the turbine-generator at any power level
Adequate feedwater supply to the steam generators
Optimum reheat pressure for best cycle efficiency
The Steam wetness increases during expansion in the turbines
After the HPT the steam is dried and reheated in the MSR
The low pressure expansion is split between several casings to
achieve the required exhaust area
An increase in the condenser pressure (due to warm weather,
fouling,…) causes a decrease of the plant efficiency
The EPRTMTM Nuclear Island can accommodate any type of turbine
cycle designs


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Conventional Island

OL3 EPRTM Advanced Course

2 Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL

3 Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL

206.7°C H 83.2°C 29.3°C Condenser

(Values for OL3)

Energy Transaction Power [MW] Power [%]

6 5 Circulating Water Seal Pit

Secondary System Overview

11 Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL

Steps of Cycle: Technical Thermal Inefficiencies

2 3 Compressor 3 Nicolas Léonard

Step 1-2: Compression (∆s~0) in Pump

16 Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL

The Overall Thermodynamic Efficiency η of almost any cycle

A Measures of efficiency enhancement

A Main steam superheating (typical in coal

Specific Entropy s [kJ/kg K]

Nuclear plant typical curve

17 Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL

20 Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL

Sub-System of Secondary System Abbrev. KKS ECS

Main Steam Supply System MSSS LBA [VVP]

High Pressure Turbine HPT MAA

Moisture Separator Reheater System MSR LBJ [GSS]

Low Pressure Turbines LPT MAC

Condensing System CONDR MAG [CEX]

Main Feedwater System MFWS LAB [ARE]

Feedwater Storage Tank, Deaerator FWST LAA [ADG]

Auxiliary Steam System AUX STM LBG [SVA1]

22 Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL

MSSS HP FWH FWP FWP

Steam Main Feedwater

25 Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL

Main Feedwater Piping System

Reheater Stage 2 Condensate Coolers from MSR

28 Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL

Relief Main characteristics:

32 Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL

One Rotating Reaction

35 Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL

c Absolute Steam Velocity

Location Pressure Steam quality (%) or Steam density

HPT inlet 75.6 99.47 40.07

HPT outlet 9.99 84.25 6.10

LPT inlet 9.51 277.6 3.84

Low Pressure Steam Outlet

39 Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL

40 Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL

Turbine Train Generator

The exhaust steam leaving the HP Turbine

After having performed work in the HP Turbine,

The function of the Steam Reheating System is

43 Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL

OL3 In the Moisture Separator

LPT 2 16% at pre-separator inlet

to 0.5% prior to reheating

MPS Moisture Pre-Separator

47 Training Center AREVA NP GmbH Proprietary - CONFIDENTIAL

OL3 ~2600 MW ~ 40 MW*