6ANAND

ANN INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, JAIPUR

Name of Experiment: REGULATION BY
SYNCHRONOUS IMPEDANCE METHOD
Voltage regulation of a 3-phase alternator by synchronous
impedance method
Object : (a) Perform no load and short circuit tests on a 3-phase
alternator.
(b)Measure the resistance of the stator winding of alternator.
(c)Find out regulation of alternator at full load and at () unity p.f. (ij0.85
p.f. lagging (ii)
0.85 p.f leading, using synchronous impedance method.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name
Type Range Quantity
Ammeter Mc 0-1/2A 1
Ammeter MI 0-10/20 A
3. Voltmeter MI 0-300/600 V
4. Rheostat Single tube 272 Q. 1.7 A 2
5. Techometer digital 0-200 rpm 1
THEORY

lo find out the regulation of alternator by synchronous impedance method, following characteristics and
data has tobe obtained experimentally.
open circuit characteristic at synçhronous speed:
(ii) short circuit characteristic at synchronous speed.
(iii) ac resistance of the stator winding, per phase i.e. Rg.

Fig (10.2) shows the open circuit andshort circuit characteristics of a 3. phase alternator. plotted on the
phase basis. To find out the synchronous impedance from these characteristics, open circuit voltage, E, and
short circuit current, I,(preferably full loadcurrent), corresponding to aparticular value of ield curent is
obtained. Then, synchronous impedance per phase is given by,
E,
Synchronous impedance, Z, =
I

Then, Synchronous reactance, X, - VZ's -R,

Fig(10.3) shows the phasor diagram of the alternator, supplying full load current of l,ampere, lagging the
terminal voltage Vby an angle o. The open circuit voltage Eof the alternator is given by,
E -V+, R, +I, X, (Phasor sum)

The diagram has been drawn with the current as the eference phasor and is self explanatory. The open
circuit voltage as finally obtained from the phasor diagram, corresponding to this loading condition is E
volts. Then the regulation of the altermator under the above loading condition is given by,
 E-V
Regulation = X 100 percent
V
An approximate expression for the open circuit voltage can be established referring to the phasor
diagram.

Open circuit voltage. E: VOD' 4 DC

V(OF +FD' D3 + BC
E- \(Vcos +1, R,)' +(V sin Í +I, X,) (for lagging p.f. load)

Ga
Lpine
OCC

4ir
SCC

ltage Votage
Circut
Open
Vo
Crcuii

V
Open
E
I;
B
AlaRa
Field Current
F
Fig 10.2 Op en circuit and short - short circuit characteristics of alternatar Fig. 103. Plasor dagran ofalterua ter

The above expression is for lagging power factor load. In case, alternator is operating at
factor, open circuit voltage, Ecan be found out in asimilar way and is given by, leading power

E= V(V cos + I, R) .- (V sin Í + I, X, (for leading p.f. load)

The value of regulation obtained by this method is higher than obtained from as
iacalled the pessimistic method.
actual load test, as such it

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
It is essential to include the following
function indicated against each. equipmentinstruments of proper type and range, to serye the

1. DC motor - used as a prime mover lor the alternalor i.e.

coupled with the alternator
2 Rheostat, R, 1sed as avariable resistance and connected in the field
btain andmaintain the speed of the motor and circuit of dc motor to
hence the alternator at its rated value.
 3.
Rheostat, R2 - connected in field cireuit of alternator as a variable
current of alternator. resistance to vary the field
4
Ammeter, Aj -connected in the field circuit of alternator to
measure the field curren.
Voltmeter- connected across a stator phase to measure open
6 circuit voltage.
Ammeter, A) - to measurethe short circuit current
alternator.of
Complete circuit diagram, drawn on the basis of above discussion has been shown in fig (10.4)
PROCEDURE
1. Connect the circuit as per fig (10.4) N
D.C SHUNT # ACALT O.C/SC TEST.
2A
20A (A
: L A z
A

500V 5A
300V
M
(A
8500
.2A
AA

2. Adjust the position of rheostat, R, for maximum possible current in the field circuit of de motor.
to
Ensure (i) low starting speed (ii) high starting torque.
3 Set the position of rheostat, R, for minimum current in the field circuit of alternator, to ensure
low value of generated emf at starting.
4 Switch on the de mains, feeding the de motor and the field circuit of alternator. I
5: Start the dc motor, using the starter properly. Various resistance steps of the starter should be
cur out slowly,so that the motor does not draw high current during starting.
6. Set the speed of the motor and hence the alternator at its rated value by varying rheostat, Ri.
provided in the field circuit of the motor.
7. Note-down the open circuit voltage of the alternator and the field current.
8. Reneat step 7 for various value of field current (can be obtained by varying the rheostat, Ry
nrovided in the field circuit of alternator). Observation should be continued, till the open circuit.
value.
voltage is 25 to 30 percent higher than its rated
9. Set the position of rheostat, R, again for minimun possible current in the tield cireuit of
alternator.
10. Shot-circuit the stator winding of the alternator, by closing the switeh, provided tor this
purpose in the circuit diagram.
current.
J1. Note-down the short circuit current and the field
12 Reneat step l1. for various values ol Tield current, ull he short circuit current becomes equal to
alternator.
the full load current of
 13. Read}ust the setting of rheostats R, and R, to their initial positions and then switch-off thedc
supply to stop the de motor.
14. Measure the de resistance of the stator winding by usual voltmeter-ammeter method, To obtain
ac resistance, skin effect must be taken into account. As such, ac resistance may be taken
approximately 1.3 times the de resistance measurçd.

OBSERVATION : May be tabutated as follows

Short Circuit Test
S. No.
Open Circuit Test
Isc NEE

QUESTIONS:
for the regulation of alternator (i) for
1. Write down and discuss the approximate expression
load.
lagging load (ii) for resistive load (iii) for leading
constant at various value of field excitation ? If not
2. Is the value of synchronous impedance
explain why ?
various value of field current and plot a curve
3. Find out the value of synchronous impedance, for haye been drawn.
çharacteristics
on the same graph, where o.c. & s.c.
out the regulation of alternator at full load and
4. Using the same o.c. and s.c. characteristics, find Draw the corresponding phasor diagram and
at 0.85 p.f. lagging, using the mmf method.
involved.
explain the method
obtained in synchronous impedance method is
5. Discuss in details,; why the value of regulation:
load test..
an actual
higher than that obtained from
DCSHUNT,# AC ALT Oc CS CC TEST PA
P/

300V

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D.C
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