Int. J. Pharm.

Investigation, 2020;10(4):500-505 Original Article

Preparation of Topical Nano Gel Loaded With Hesperidin

Emulsomes: In vitro and in vivo Studies
Yeramanchi Sarah Sujitha*, Yallamali Indira Muzib
Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, (Women’s University), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The objective of the present study was to increase the hesperidin gel. The in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies
solubility of poorly soluble drug hesperidin and to increase the efficacy were found to be more efficient for the hesperidin loaded emulsomal gel
of the drug by loading hesperidin in emulsomal topical gel. Methods: when compared to the marketed formulation. Conclusion: Hesperidin
Hesperidin was loaded into emulsomes by using ethanol injection method. emulsomal gel has shown a significant increase (p<0.05) in activity when
The optimized formulation of emulsomes was evaluated by SEM, FT-IR, compared to the marketed formulation.
DSC, P-XRD, in vitro drug release, ex-vivo skin permeation studies, in vivo Key words: Hesperidin, Emulsomes, Topical gel, In vitro drug release,
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. Results: The SEM study Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies.
shows the emulsomes were tiny and spherical in structure. The particle Correspondence
size and zeta potential of the optimized formulation was found to be 50nm Y. Sarah Sujitha
and -1.8mV and in vitro drug release was found to be 98.6% for 6 hrs. The Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam,
optimized emulgel was prepared by using different gelling agents Carbopol (Women’s University), Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
934 and HPMC. The prepared gels were found to be homogenous and skin Phone no: +91 9494462070
permeation studies was found to be 98.9% for 4 hr, with skin permeation Email: suji.sarah@gmail.com
efficacy bearing flux value 12.3µg/cm2/h when compared to the pure DOI: 10.5330/ijpi.2020.4.87

INTRODUCTION
Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside consisting of the flavone hesperetin enhanced bioavalibilty due to their reduced size. Emulsomes are a new
bound to the disaccharide rutinose which is highly detected in very young generation of colloidal carrier composed of solid lipid surrounded
tissues of the fruit. It was first discovered by leberton that hesperidin by phospholipid bilayers which represent a novel lipoidal vehicle of
is natural flavones present in citrus fruits. Hesperidin is an inexpensive particulate structure with improved loading capacity for drugs and
byproduct of citrus family and it occurs in all plants including nuts, biologics containing components that have been safely used to deliver
seeds, vegetables, flowers and barks.1,2 Hesperidin belonging to family medications to people.12,13 A key feature of emulsomes is that this internal
Fabacea, Beulaceae and Lamiaceae.3,4 The sugar group makes hesperitin core is composed of a lipid in a solid or liquid crystalline phase, rather
more water-soluble than hesperidin. Hesperidin has been reported to than an oil-in-fluid phase, at 25°C i.e., high hydrophobic drug loading
influence a wide variety of biological functions. For example, hesperidin in the internal solid lipid core and the ability to encapsulate water-
induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation in human cancer cells,
soluble medicaments in the aqueous compartments of surrounding
inhibition of tumour development in various tissues including the skin.
phospholipid layers.14 Emulsomes may be used for parenteral, oral,
Many of these beneficial effects of hesperidin can be attributed to its
occular, rectal, vaginal, intranasal, or topical delivery of either fat-
antioxidant activity. Hesperidin enhances microcirculation, possess
soluble or water-soluble substances.15 The particle size distribution of
antioxidant effect, improve venous tone, anti-inflammatory, analgesic,
blood lipid lowering, assist healing of venous ulcers and also used for emulsomes, based on differential weight per cent, is in the range of 10-
the treatment of haemorrhoids, chronic venous insufficiency and exhibit 250 nm, making them suitable for intravenous administration. They can
pronounced anticancer activities.5-7 Edema is a complex biological encapsulate water-soluble pharmaceuticals in the aqueous compartments
response produced by the body tissues, which is produced during any of the outer phospholipid layers, while their cores can be loaded with
harmful stimuli and irritants, injuries. Inflammation is characterized high levels of hydrophobic drugs. Emulsomes thereby increase the
by pain, swelling, redness.8,9 Chronic inflammation causes the heart solubility and improve the bioavailability of lipophilic drugs and their
diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, hay fever and it is also a common organization facilitates sustained or controlled drug release. Therefore,
manifestitation in some infectious diseases like leprosy, tubercolosis, emulsomes may serve as efficient drug delivery systems because
asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and many auto immune diseases. they exhibit good biocompatibility, biodegradability, stability, high
However NSAIDS are used to treat the inflammation but the usage entrapment efficiency and sustained drug release. Emulsomes have main
is limited due to the undiseable able side effects on gastric, renal, advantages of high drug loading capacity, improved pharmacological
cardiovascular system.10,11 activity, site specificity and reduced toxicity. To assess the performance
Emulsomes are smaller in nano size when compared to other vesicular of emulsomes in improving the bioavailability and prolonging systemic
drug delivery systems like ethosomes, phytosomes and they show exposure of hesperidin, we prepared emulsomes containing hesperidin

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 Sujitha and Muzib.: Topical Nanogel Loaded with Hesperidin Emulsomes

and evaluated their pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo drug delivery Evaluation of the emulsomes
performance. The prepared emulsomes were evaluated for per cent drug content, SEM,
FTIR, DSC, Zeta size, zeta potential and in vitro drug release study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials Preparation of stock solution
Hesperidin was obtained as a gift sample from Virdev Pharma Pvt. Ltd., 100 mg of hesperidin was dissolved in 100 ml phosphate buffer. Dilutions
Gujarat. Stearic acid, soya lecithin and cholesterol were purchased from were made to prepare 1µg, 2µg, 3µg, 4µg, 5µg, 6µg, 7µg, 8µg, 9µg, 10µg
SD. Fine-chem Ltd. ethanol and tween 80 was purchased from Merck by using a buffer. Then the absorbance of these different concentrations
limited, Mumbai. HPLC acetonitrile was purchased from HiMedia. of hesperidin was estimated in UV visible spectrophotometer at 285 nm.
Triethanolamine, Glycerine and Methylparaben and Propylparaben
Determination of drug content
have purchased from Merck Limited, Mumbai. Micro-organisms
10 mg of emulsomes were taken and add 10 ml of phosphate buffer 7.4.
(Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis) obtained
Sonicate the solution for 5 min and stirred for 30 min. Then the solution
from HiMedia.
was filtered. Dilutions were made and the absorbance was measured at
285 nm using UV visible spectrophotometer.
Methods
Preparation of emulsomes
SEM analysis
Emulsomes were prepared by the ethanol injection method. Required
Morphology of the nanoparticles (emulsomes) was characterized by
quantities of hesperidin, stearic acid, cholesterol and soya lecithin were scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The emulsomes were mounted on
taken and dissolved in 10 ml of ethanol (Table 1). Take 10 ml of phosphate aluminium stubs and examined using SEM.17
buffer in another beaker. Now slowly inject this ethanol solution
containing hesperidin into buffer solution while stirring. Continue the Differential scanning calorimetry
stirring until the organic phase gets evaporated. Then the solution was Small amounts of dried Hesperidin emulsomes powder and pure
subjected to centrifugation. Then collect the sediment and lyophilize the hesperidin was crimped in a standard aluminium pan and heated from
product. Emulsomes were prepared which were spherical in shape. 25 to 400°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min under constant heating.18

Preparation of gels X-Ray diffraction studies

Emulsomes having high per cent drug release (F5) was formulated as The crystalline nature of the drug in the pure hesperidin and hesperidin
a gel using carbopol 934 and HPMC (Table 2). Carbopol 934, HPMC loaded emulsomes was evaluated by using P-XRD studies. The powder
and water were taken in a beaker and Soaked for 24hr and stirred using x-ray diffractotometer (Regaku-mini plus 500) was done by using
mechanical stirrer at 1000 RPM for 30 min. Then it was neutralised by k-beta(x2)filtered, cu-k, alpha radiation and a voltage of 30kv and
adding 1-2 drops of triethanolamine. To this gel base glycerine, methyl 15mA.19
and propylparaben were added with slow and continuous stirring.16
Zeta size and Zeta potential
Table 1: Formulation composition of hesperidin loaded emulsomes. Nanoparticulate hesperidin emulsomes solution was prepared in double
S.No Formulation Stearic Cholesterol Soya lecethin Drug distilled water and sonicated for 30 sec in an ice bath. Size measurements
code Acid (mg) (mg) were performed in triplicates. Zeta potential was measured in the same
(mg) (mg)
instrument at 25°C.
1 F1 100 50 25 100
2 F2 100 50 50 100 In vitro drug release studies
3 F3 100 50 75 100 The in vitro drug release studies were performed using the dialysis
4 F4 100 50 100 100 membrane method. The dialysis membrane was soaked in water for
24 hr before performing the study. Dialysis membrane was filled with
5 F5 100 50 125 100
phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and 100 mg of hesperidin emulsomes. Then the
6 F6 100 100 100 100 dialysis membrane was placed in a beaker containing pH 7.4 phosphate
7 F7 100 125 100 100 buffer.20 The beaker was maintained at 37°C temperature and rotated
8 F8 100 200 100 100
at 100 rpm. The samples were collected at time intervals as 0, 0.25, 0.5,
0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 24hr and an equal amount of the freshly
9 F9 125 100 100 100
prepared buffer sample was replaced to maintain sink condition and the
10 F10 200 100 100 100 samples were measured using UV Spectrophotometer at the wavelength
of 285nm.
Table 2: Optimization of topical gels using polymers (Carbopol and
HPMC). Evaluation of gels
The prepared gels were evaluated for drug content, physical evaluation,
S.No Carbopol:HPMC Drug
homogeneity, pH measurement and ex-vivo permeation studies.
1 1:1 Pure Hesperidin
2 1:2 Pure Hesperidin Determination of drug content
3 1:3 Pure Hesperidin 10 mg of gel loaded with emulsomes of hesperidin was taken to it add 10
4 1:4 Pure Hesperidin
ml of phosphate buffer 7.4 and stirred for 24 hr. Then the solution was
filtered and diluted with 10 ml of buffer. Absorbance was measured at
5 1:1 Emulsomes of Hesperidin (F5)
285 nm using UV visible spectrophotometer.21

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 Sujitha and Muzib.: Topical Nanogel Loaded with Hesperidin Emulsomes

Homogeneity efficacy of emulsomes loaded hesperidin gel in animals.24 For the

The emulsomes loaded hesperidin gel was tested for homogeneity by pharmacodynamic study, five groups of male Wistar albino rats were
visual inspection if any aggregates in the gel after they have been kept selected each weighing 150-200g. The dose was calculated on the basis
in a container. of the weight of rats. The inflammation was induced to hind paw by
injecting carrageenan using hind paw method. Rats were divided into
pH of the gel five groups: Group I- Normal, Group II - Treated as control, Group III-
The pH of the emulsomes loaded hesperidin gel was determined by Treated with marketed gel (Marketed Gel), Group IV- Treated with pure
using pH meter. The pH of the gel was checked at 1st, 15th and 30th day hesperidin gel. Group V – Treated with emulsomes loaded hesperidin
after the preparation of gel to find any changes with reference to the time. gel. The paw volume was noted for every one hour using plethysmometer.
The inhibition percentage of edema was calculated by using the formula.
Viscosity
5 g of gel were taken in a beaker and the viscosity was checked by using a ( VControl
− Vtest )
× 100
% inhibition of edema =
brook field viscometer by selecting spindle number 64 and the viscosity VControl
of gels was noted. RESULTS
Ex vivo skin permeation studies Drug content
Ex-vivo skin permeation studies were performed to find out the amount Drug content calculations were done for all the formulations and the
of drug permeated through the skin into the body using goat skin which highest amount of drug content was found in F5 formulation(98.6%).
was brought from the local slaughter house and it was kept in buffer pH 7.4 The amount of drug content was found to be in the range of 94.5-98.6 %.
until it is mounted on Franz diffusion cell. Goat skin was taken and hair
was removed by using a razor, wiped it with isopropyl alcohol. The skin SEM analysis
membrane was placed between the donor and receptor compartment. The shape and surface morphology of the prepared emulsomes were
Receptor compartment is filled with phosphate buffer pH 7.4, in the analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy. The particles were
donor compartment, the skin is applied with the emulsomes loaded with found to be spherical in shape and the surface shows smooth texture.
hesperidin gel. The diffusion cell was maintained at 37°C and the stirring The SEM images of emulsomes and the surface morphology was shown
rate was kept at 100 RPM using a magnetic stirrer. 5 ml of samples were in Figure 1.
taken at regular intervals of time 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hr and
replaced with the same amount of the freshly prepared buffer solution DSC thermogram
to maintain the sink condition and each sample was studied in triplicate
The DSC thermogram of the pure hesperidin drug was obtained at 260°C
and the average was taken into consideration for further calculation.22
and in the hesperidin emulsomes formulation, it has shown a slight
The samples were analyzed using UV spectrophotometer at 285nm.
decrease in melting point at 258°C. This implies that there is no chemical
The results were subjected to permeation parameters like permeation
interaction between the drug and the polymer. The DSC thermograms
coefficient, flux, lag time, diffusion co-efficient. The parameters were
calculated by plotting a graph between percentage CDR on the y-axis were shown in Figure 2a, 2b.
and time on the x-axis. The data obtained in the ex-vivo study was
subjected to mathematical models like zero order, First order, Higuchi
P- XRD study
and Korsmeyer-Peppas model. X-ray diffractograms of pure hesperidin and hesperidin emulsomes were
recorded. This study was performed to find out the crystalanie nature of
In vivo pharmacokinetic study the drug in pure form and in emulsomes formulation. The diffractograms
The in vivo pharmacokinetic study was done to estimate the concentration has shown significant peak at 2Ɵ values similar to pure hesperidine.
of hesperidin in the blood for this the pharmacokinetic parameters were The slight change indicates the reduction of crystal size which implies
estimated by using RP-HPLC method using water and methanol (50:50) increase in solubility of drug.
as mobile phase. Blood was withdrawn from the male Wistar albino rats
the sample was taken in an Eppendorf tube at different time intervals,
sodium citrate was added to prevent coagulation. Then the samples
were centrifuged at 15000 RPM for 30 min. The supernatant plasma was
collected.23 To its internal standard was added. 25µl of the sample was
injected and analyzed using RP-HPLC method at λmax 285 nm. (Group- I
pure hesperidin, Group- II emulsomes loaded hesperidin gel).

In vivo anti-inflammatory activity

Experimental animals
Male Wistar albino rats were procured from Sri Venkateswara enterprises
Banglore were used in the study. The animals were housed under the
standard environmental conditions like ambient temperature(25±1°C)
and humidity(55±5%) and 12/12 h light-dark cycles. All the experimental
procedures and protocols which were used for the anti-inflammatory
study was carried out in accordance with the guidelines of CPCSEA
and which was approved by the institution of animal ethical committee
with Reg. No. 1677/PO/Re/S/2012/CPCSEA/IAEC/25 dt.3.05.2018. Figure 1: Surface morphology of hesperidin emulsomes, scanning electron
The in vivo pharmacodynamic activity was performed to find out the microscopy images.

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 Sujitha and Muzib.: Topical Nanogel Loaded with Hesperidin Emulsomes

Zeta size and zeta potential of drug release was found to be 98.6% for 6 hr for F5. Cumulative
The particle size and the zeta potential of the optimized emulsomes percentage drug release of emulsomes is given in the Figure 3.
formulation was measured using the (Horiba) particle size analyzer,
Drug content
the samples were diluted in triplicates and the size of the optimized F5
The drug content of the prepared gels from X1-X5 was found to be in the
emulsomes was found to be 50 nm. The zeta potential of the formulated
range of 92-96 %. The drug content of prepared emulsomes is shown in
emulsomes was found to be -1.8mV which indicates that the formulation
the Table 3.
was stable.
Homogeneity
In vitro drug release The prepared gels when observed visually they have shown no aggregates
All emulsomes formulations were subjected to in vitro drug release and the gel formed was uniform.
studies, the cumulative percentages of drug release were obtained by
taking a plot between the time on the x-axis and cumulative percentage pH
of drug release on the y-axis. The release studies were performed for The pH for the formulations of gel X1-X5 showed 6.8 to 7.0±0.2 this
all the formulations pure drug, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6. The amount indicates that the prepared gels were neutral and there is no skin

Table 3: Evaluation of physico-chemical properties of hesperidin loaded emulsomal

gel.
S.No Carbopol: Drug Viscosity Appearance Drug pH
HPMC (cp) Content

1 X1 Pure Hesperidin 8,640 Homogenous 93.5±0.69 7.0

2 X2 Pure Hesperidin 8,820 Homogenous 92.8±1.38 7.0
3 X3 Pure Hesperidin 9,600 Homogenous 94.9±0.87 7.0
4 X4 Pure Hesperidin 27,960 Homogenous 96.0±3.54 6.8
5 X5 Hespiridin loaded 8,745 Homogenous 95.5±0.53 7.0
Emulsomes(F5)
The values are given as mean ±SD, n=3

Table 4: Percent edema inhibition of hesperidin marketed gel,

hesperidin emulsomes gel and hesperidin gel.

Time Marketd gel Hesperidin- Hesperidin-Gel

(hr) Emulsomal gel

0 0 0 0

1 36.9 43.91 10.69

2 51.9 71.62 25.64

3 77.3 91.3 40

values were expressed as mean ±SEM. P<0.05 compared with disease control,
ANOVA (Fc>Ft) there is a significant difference.
Figure 2a: DSC of pure hesperidin.

Figure 2b: DSC of hesperidin emulsomes. Figure 3: Comparative in vitro dissolution profile of different hesperidin
Figure 2a,2b: DSC Differential scanning calorinetry themograms. loaded emulsomes formulations, mean ±SD, n=3.

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 Sujitha and Muzib.: Topical Nanogel Loaded with Hesperidin Emulsomes

irritation when applied to the skin. The pH of prepared emulsomes is

shown in the Table 3.

Viscosity
The viscosity of gel formulations was measured by using a Brookfield
viscometer and the viscosity of the prepared gels was found to be in the
range 8640 to 27960 cps as the concentration of the carbopol polymer
increases the viscosity of the gel increases gradually. The viscosity of
prepared emulsomes gel using different concentrations of carbopol and
HPMC is shown in the Table 3.

Ex vivo skin permeation studies

The hesperidin loaded emulsomes gel and pure hesperidin gel were
subjected to ex-vivo skin permeation studies using goatskin. The
cumulative per cent of drug permeated through the skin for gel loaded
with F5 formulation was found to be 98.9% for four hours and for the Figure 4: Plasma concentration time profile of pure hesperidin and
pure hesperidin gel it showed 45% for 24 hr. The permeation parameters hesperidin loaded emulsomal gel in rats n=6, Data presented as mean ±SD.
were calculated from a graph by plotting the cumulative per cent drug
release on the y-axis versus time on the X-axis. From the slope of the
DISCUSSION
graph flux value was found to be 12.3µg/cm2/h for hesperidin emulsomal
gel and for pure hesperidin gel it was found to be 5.53µg/cm2/h the flux The hesperidin loaded emulsomes were prepared using ethanol injection
value of hesperidin emulsomal gel was more when compared to the pure method using stearic acid, cholesterol, soya lecithin and hesperidin. The
hesperidin gel this indicates more permeation of drug. The permeation formed emulsomes were found to be spherical in shape, with smooth
texture with a size of 50 nm. The effect of the drug to polymer ratio on
coefficient, lag time and diffusion coefficient was calculated for
the particle size of emulsomes was evaluated as the concentration of the
hesperidin emulsomal gel and pure hesperidin gel and the values are as
polymer increases the size of the emulsomes increase. Zeta potential of
follows (4.24,1.25 kg) (0.02h,0.86h) (0.032,0.16mol/m3). It was found that the optimized emulsomes F5 was found to be -1.8mV which indicates
emulsomes loaded hesperidin gel release follows zero order mechanism that the particles are stable. DSC thermograms of pure hesperidin and
which governs the release of the drug. From the equation R2=0.99 hesperidin emulsomes has shown same melting point which indicates
the drug release follows Higuchi model which indicates it follows the that there is no incompatibility between drug and polymer. To confirm
diffusion mechanism (Fickian n<0.5). The hesperidin loaded emulsomal the crystalline state of hesperidin and hesperidin emulsomes powder
gel showed the best release when compared to pure hesperidin gel. XRD was performed with pure hesperidin and hesperidin loaded
emulsomes. The powder XRD pattern of pure hesperidin showed sharp
Pharmacodynamic studies and significant, intense peaks at 2Ɵ values of 10, 16, 21, 29 which are
The pharmacodynamic activity of a pure hesperidin gel, hesperidin the characteristic nature of pure hesperidin. The above mentioned 2Ɵ
loaded emulsomes and marketed emulgel (Voveran) was carried out values indicates that there is no significant difference between the pure
using male Wister albino rats. From the in vivo pharmacodynamic hesperidin and hesperidin emulsomes. The only slight difference in the
intensity peaks in diffractograms of particles between pure hesperidin
study, the percentage inhibition of edema in group I rats are 0% as it is
and hesperidin emulsomes was because due to a reduction in the size of
not treated. The percentage inhibition for group III shows inhibition of
crystals, this reduction in size indicates the improvement in dissolution
40%. Whereas group IV and V rats are more inhibition of 77.3%, 91.3%
rate and its bioavailability. The in vitro drug release studies reveal that the
because it was treated with marketed gel and prepared gel. The percentage amount of drug release was found to be 98.6% of F5 formulation and for
inhibition of group V rats is more compared to group III because as the F3 89.3%, F2 85.3%, F1 68.2 %, F4 80.64 %, F5 98.6% and pure drug 45%
solubility increases, permeation also increases thus it shows effective at the end of 24 hr. The optimized F5 formulation is converted into the
inhibition of loaded gel. The data given in Table 4 were were subjected gel using the polymers carbopol and HPMC. As the concentration of the
to ANOVA, it was found that the F ratio was 1.09 (fc<ft). So there is carbopol increases the viscosity increases and after certain concentration,
a significant difference between the pure hesperidin and hesperidin the viscosity becomes more and aggregates are formed which was in the
loaded emulsomal gel. The percentage of inhibition of hesperidine range of 8,640-27,960. The polymer carbopol was selected because of its
emulsomal gel was found to be two folds more when compared to the good bioadhesive property as it remains on the skin for longer periods
plain hesperidin gel. of time and drug leakage was also minimum due to carbopol 943 gel
high viscosity. The percentage drug diffusion of hesperidin emulsomes
Pharmacokinetic activity loaded gel was found to be 98% as the solubility increases, it permits the
drug easily through the skin and thus the amount of drug release was
The pharmacokinetic parameters for gel containing pure hesperidin and
more compared to pure hesperidin gel and a good linearity of 0.844 was
gels containing emulsomes of hesperidin were calculated using plasma
observed with zero order it follows zero order release and the slope of the
concentrations. It was found that pure hesperidin gel has Cmax, Tmax, t1/2, Higuchi model shows that it follows the diffusion pattern of drug release
AUC as follows 9 mcg/ml, 4 hr and 5.2 hr, 85 mcg.hr/ml. Gel containing and the value indicates that it follows the Fickian diffusion mechanism.
emulsomes of hesperidin has Cmax, Tmax,t1/2, AUC of pure drug was found The outermost layer and the primary layer of the skin is stratum
to be 14 mcg/ml, 2hrs and 5.6hr, 106 mcg.hr/ml. HPLC chromatogram corneum through which most of the drugs penetrate into the body. This
of hesperidin in rat plasma after topical application of gel loaded with starum corneum is compositionally biomembrane which consists layers
hesperidin emulsomes is shown in Figure 4. of corneocytes and anchored in lipid matrix. This composition makes

504 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, Vol 10, Issue 4, Oct-Dec, 2020
 Sujitha and Muzib.: Topical Nanogel Loaded with Hesperidin Emulsomes

the skin less permeable to the water and other materials when compared oxygenase-1 to attenuate hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage in hepatic
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MahilaVisvaVidyalayam (Women’s University) for providing necessary Dissolution Enhancement and bioavailability of Poorly water soluble celecoxib
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CONFLICT OF INTEREST 19. Girish K, Asish D. Design, Development and evaluation of ion-activated in-
situ gel of moxifloxacin hydrochloride. Asi J of Pharma and Clin Research.
2019;3:94-103.
The authors declare that there are no conflict of interest. This research has
20. Liu Y, Sun C, Hao Y, Jiang T, Zheng L, Wang S. Mechanism of dissolution
not received any specific grant from any agency in public, commercial, enhancement and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble celecoxib by
not for profit sectors. preparing stable amorphous nanoparticles. J Pharm and Pharmaceu Science.
2010;13(4):589-606.
ABBREVIATIONS 21. Jaya S, Divas S. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of matrix tablets of
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cellulose; P-XRD: Powder X-Ray Diffractometer; AUC: Area under
23. Khalid A, Pradeep R, Franscisco T, Roberta C. Cyclodextrin based emulsomes
curve; NSAID: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; FT-IR: Fourier- for delivery of resebertol: In vitro characterization, stability, cytotoxicityand
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Article History: Submission Date : 05-08-2020; Revised Date : 11-09-2020; Acceptance Date : 03-10-2020.
Cite this article: Sujitha YS, Muzib YI. Preparation of Topical Nano Gel Loaded With Hesperidin Emulsomes: In vitro and in vivo Studies Int. J. Pharm.
Investigation, 2020;10(4):500-5.

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