fexbur Ti

VII-XII klasebi
2011-2016 wlebis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis

gzamkvlevi
maswavleblebisTvis 11
2
 fexburTi
gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisTvis
VII-XII klasebi

Tbilisi, 2014

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 avtori: Tengiz ratiani
sportis damsaxurebuli moRvawe,
asistent profesori

Tamaz jaSi
saqarTvelos damsaxurebuli mwvrTneli,
sportis damsaxurebuli moRvawe,
asocirebuli profesori

samecniero
redaqtori: jemal Zagania
profesori, saqarTvelos damsaxurebuli mwvrTneli

koordinatori: qeTevan qobalia

erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis departamentis
fizikuri aRzrdisa da sportis eqsperti

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 sarCevi

Sesavali....................................................................................... 6
fexburTis warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis mokle
istoriuli mimoxilva................................................................. 8
fexburTis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi ....................................... 12
infrastruqtura, sportuli inventari..................................... 18
msajobis wesebi............................................................................ 21
TamaSis teqnika.......................................................................38
fizikuri momzadeba.................................................................... 73
TamaSis taqtika............................................................................ 95
terminTa ganmarteba..............................................................135
reziume...................................................................................138
gamoyenebuli literatura....................................................139

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 Sesavali

fexburTi _ mosaxleobis farTo fenebis fizikuri ganviTarebis da

janmrTelobis ganmtkicebis TvalsazrisiT sportis sxva saxeobaTa So-
ris yvelaze ufro xelmisawvdomi saSualebaa. Cvens qveyanaSi fexburTi
popularulia rogorc didebSi, aseve Wabukebsa da bavSvebs Sorisac.
fexburTi aTleturi TamaSia. igi xels uwyobs iseTi fizikuri
Tvisebebis ganviTarebas, rogorebicaa _ siswrafe, Zala, gamZleoba, mo-
qniloba da simarjve. TamaSSi fexburTeli maRali datvirTvis samuSaos
asrulebs, rac Tavis mxriv organizmis funqcionalur SesaZleblobaTa
amaRlebis winapirobaa. mravalmxrivi da didi moculobis moZraobiTi
moqmedebebis Sedegad ganviTarebuli daRlilobis fonze maRali sa-
TamaSo tempis SenarCunebisaTvis aucilebelia nebelobiTi Tvisebebis
maqsimaluri mobilizacia da maTi gamovlineba.
fexburTis TamaSis arsi _ esaa brZola or gunds Soris, romelTa
moTamaSeebs aerTianebs saerTo mizani _ gamarjvebis mopoveba. gamar-
jvebisTvis swrafva aviTarebs koleqtiur moqmedebebSi monawileobi-
saTvis aucilebel unar-Cvevebs, urTierTdaxmarebisa da megobrobis
grZnobas. safexburTo matCis dros yvela fexburTels aqvs saSualeba
gamoavlinos Tavisi piradi Tvisebebi, magram amasTan erTad TiToeuli
maTganis moqmedeba unda emsaxurebodes saerTo mizans da uzrunvely-
ofdes maT realizacias.
imdenad, ramdenadac wvrTna da Sejibreba fexburTSi praqtikulad
mimdinareobs mTli wlis ganmavlobaSi da Tanac xSirad sruliad gansx-
vavebul klimatur da meteorologiur pirobebSi. igi xels uwyobs
fizikur wrTobas, organizmis winaaRmdegobis unarianobis amaRlebasa
da adaptaciuri SesaZleblobebis gafarTovebas.
sportis sxva saxeobebSi wvrTnis dros xSirad gamoiyeneba fexburTi,
(an calkeuli varjiSebi fexburTidan), rogorc sportis damxmare saxeo-
ba. es imiT aris gamowveuli, rom fexburTi gansakuTrebul zemoqmedebas
axdens sportsmenis organizmze da amdenad SesaniSnavi saSualebaa praq-
tikulad sportis nebismier saxeobaSi mecadineobis dros. fexburTis
TamaSisas xSirad iyeneben saerTo fizikuri momzadebis procesSi (sxva-
dasxva saxis sirbili moZraobis mimarTulebis cvliT, xtomebi, sxeulis
struqturulad mravalferovani xasiaTis moZraobebi, dartymebi, gaCer-
ebebi da burTis tareba). gadaadgilebisas maqsimaluri siswrafis gamov-
lena, nebelobiTi Tvisebebisa da taqtikuri azrovnebis ganviTareba _ ai
amitom iTvleba fexburTi iseT sportul TamaSad, romelic xels uwyobs
nebismieri saxeobebisaTvis aucilebeli Tvisebebis srulyofas.
SemoTavazebuli programis mizania skolis moswavleebs mieces fex-
burTis teqnikis swavlebis martivi da elementaruli rekomendacie-
bi. masSi mocemuli organizaciul-meToduri xasiaTis instruqciebi
daexmareba axalgazrdebs TamaSis Cvevebis dauflebasa da mis Semdgom
srulyofaSi.

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 fizkulturis maswavleblebs skolaSi, iseve, rogorc yvela sxvas,
romlebic muSaoben mozardebTan, miuxedavad imisa, arian Tu ara isini
fexburTis specialistebi, es rekomendaciebi did daxmarebas gauwevs
imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom igi namdvilad pasuxobs programis ZiriTad
moTxovnebs.
moswavleebi programaSi aucileblad ipovnian im ideebs, rac maT
saSualebas miscems TamaSisgan miiRon udidesi piradi kmayofileba.
dRes saSualo skolaSi naklebad arian adamianebi romlebic sruly-
ofilad floben fexburTis teqnikur-taqtikur safuZvlebs da Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT, rom maT Soris arian qalebic, miT ufro izrdeba
aseTi programis mniSvneloba.
programaSi mkiTxveli gaecnoba bevr saintereso masalas, im mraval-
ferovan meTodikas, romelTa gamoyeneba uzrunvelyofs saswavlo pro-
cesis maRar organizebul doneze Catarebas.
vimedovnebT, rom mocemuli programa daexmareba fizkulturis mas-
wavleblebs da moswavleebs momzadebuli Sexvdnen im gamowvevebs, rasac
fexburTi ayenebs pirovnebis winaSe da amasTan erTad eziaron TamaSisa­
gan miRebuli sixarulisa da kmayofilebis gancdas.

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 fexburTis warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis mokle
istoriuli mimoxilva

fexburTis Casaxvas specialistebi saukuneebis miRma varaudoben.

dRemdis aravis SeuZlia pasuxi gasces kiTxvas _ sad da rodis warmoiS-
va fexburTi?. arsebuli wyaroebi amis zustad gansazRvris saSuale-
bas ar iZleva. miuxedavad amisa, arsebobs am sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli
Sexedulebebi, romlebiTac sportis istoriis specialistebi arsebu-
li literaturuli, Tu sxva masalebze dayrdnobiT cdiloben Seqmnan
garkveuli warmodgena TamaSis evolociuri ganviTarebis Sesaxeb.
burTiT TamaSis Sesaxeb istoriuli cnoba, romelic raRaciT
gvagonebs dRevandel fexburTs, dafiqsirebulia 180 wliT pollukas
berZnul leqsikonSi. es TamaSi ramdenadme hgavda Tanamedrove ragbs im
gansxvavebiT, rom maSin xeliT TamaSi akrZaluli iyo. bevri specialisti
dRevandeli fexburTis winaprad miiCneven romaul TamaSs “garpastum”s.
“garpastum”i iulius cezaris legionerebis gasarTob saSualebas
warmoadgenda. igi amave dros samxedro momzadebis elementebs Seica-
vda. TamaSis Sinaarsi SemdegSi mdgomareobda: saWiro iyo burTis or
dgars Soris nebismieri xerxiT gatareba. istoriulad cnobilia, rom
romaelebi bevrs ibrZodnen da isini dapyrobil teritoriaze fexburT-
sac TamaSobdnen. adgilobrivma mosaxleobam droTa ganmavlobaSi ga-
daiRo da aiTvisa es TamaSi. am gziT ikidebda fexs evropaSi da vi-
Tardeboda TamaSi, romelic garkveulwilad Tanamedrove fexburTis
Soreul winaprad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.
me-5 saukuneSi ratomRac es TamaSi miviwyebul iqna da mxolod aqa-iq
SemorCa. ase mag: yovel wels q. florenciaSi bazris moedanze imarTebo-
da Sexvedrebi gundebs Soris, romelTa Semadgenloba 27 moTamaSiT iyo
gansazRvruli, xolo moedani 50mX100m warmoadgenda. aqve unda aRiniS-
nos, rom monawileebs sxvadasxva feris tansacmeli ecvaT. aRsaniSnavia,
rom aseT reglamentacias arc manamde da arc Semdgom didi xnis man-
Zilze adgili aRar hqonia. am TamaSs “dJivo del kalCios” uwodebdnen.
Sua saukuneebis normandiaSi gavrcelebuli iyo TamaSi “la-sulis”
saxelwodebiT, romelic Zalian hgavda fexburTs. TamaSobdnen tyavis
burTiT, romelic gaberili iyo haeriT an datenili naWrebiT. am Tam-
aSiT gataceba imdenad didi iyo, rom xelosnebi tovebdnen samuSaos.
es garemoeba mmarTveli wreebis SeSfoTebas iwvevda. sxvadasxva saxis
brZanebebi krZalavdnen am TamaSs, magram mosaxleobis didi nawili ar
egueboda aseT SezRudvebs da TavdaviwyebiT TamaSobda “la-suls”.
ingliselebi amtkicebdnen, rom burTis fexiT TamaSi britaneTis
kunZulebze cnobili iyo jer kidev me-9 saukuneSi. savaraudoa, rom
msgavsi TamaSebi dasavleT evropaSi damoukideblad viTardeboda da
amasTan erTad adgili hqonda TamaSis cakleuli elementebis urTierT-
gacvlasa da aTvisebas.

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 1313 wels inglisis mefe eduard meorem qalaqis teritoriaze akrZa-
la TamaSebis Catareba.brZaneba amis Sesaxeb dResac inaxeba inglisis
safexburTo kavSiris arqivSi. aRniSnuli brZanebis Seusruleblobis
SemTxvevaSi damnaSaveebs cixe elodaT. akrZalvebis mizezs warmoadgen-
da aramarto sistemuri areulobebi TamaSis dros, aramed isic, rom
am TamaSma mosaxleobis didi nawili mowyvita ZiriTad saqmianobas _
xelosnobas, rac garkveulwilad uaryofiT gavlenas axdenda qveynis
ekonomikaze. swored amitom 1349 wels inglisis mefem eduard mesa-
mem gamosca axali brZaneba, romelic q. londonSi saerTod krZalavda
TamaSs.
safrangeTis mefe karlos me-5 ufro Sors wavida. man 1369 wels
saerTod akrZala qveyanaSi yvela saxis TamaSi. rac Seexeba italias, am
qveyanaSi pirveli cnoba fexburTis Sesaxeb TariRdeba 1400 wliT. aqve
unda aRiniSnos, rom Tu inglissa da safrangeTSi fexburTis TamaSi
ubralo xalxis gasarTobs warmoadgenda, italiaSi igi aristokratuli
wreebis sayvarel TamaSad iqca.
fexburTis istoriaSi axali etapi me19 saukuneSi iwyeba. gansakuTre-
biT saukunis meore naxevridan, roca fizikuri aRzrdis yvelaze mi-
zanSewonil meTodad aRiarebul iqna sportuli principi.
Tavdapirvelad burTis fexiT TamaSi gavrcelebas iwyebs inglisis
kolejebsa da universitetebSi. me19 saukunis meore naxevarSi fex-
burTSi gamoikveTa ori ZiriTadi mimarTuleba: pirveli _ vinc mrgva-
li burTiT mxolod fexiT TamaSs emxrobodnen isini iyvnen londonis
da kembriJis kolejebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebmac SeZles 1863 wels
fexburTis asociaciis Seqmna, meore ki _ q. ragbis universiteti, rome-
lic mxars uWerda ovaluri burTiT xeliT da fexiT TamaSs.
pirveli cda TamaSis erTiani wesebis Sesaqmnelad ekuTvnoda kembri-
Jis safexburTo klubs. 1848 wels gadawyda am wesebis gamocema, magram,
samwuxarod es wesebi daikarga.es wesebi cnobilia inglisuri kolejeb-
isaTvis “kembrijis wesebis” saxelwodebiT.
TamaSis pirveli wesebi, romelmac Cvenamde moaRwia gamoqveynda 1863
wlis 8 dekembers da is 13 paragrafisgan Sedgeboda:
1. moednis sigrZe ar unda yofiliyo 200(183metri), xolo sigane _
100(91.5metri) iardze meti. moednis kuTxeebSi aRmarTuli iyo almebi.
karis sigrZe 2 boZs Soris zeda Zelis gareSe Seadgenda 8(7,32m) iards.
2. moednis naxevris arCeva xdeboda kenWisyriT. TamaSs iwyebda moed-
nis centridan is gundi, romelic waagebda kenWisyras. sawyisi dartymis
Sesrulebamde meore gundis fexburTels ar SeeZlo burTs miaxlove-
boda 11(9m) axlos, vidre ar Sesruldeboda dartyma.
3. yoveli gatanili burTis Semdeg gundebi cvlidnen karebs.
4. karis aReba fiqsirdeboda im SemTxvevaSi, Tu burTi gadakveTda
karis xazs da amavdroulad adgili ar eqneboda xeliT TamaSs.
5. Tu burTi gavidoda moednis gverdiT xazs iqiT, moTamaSes rome-
lic sxvebze adre Seexeboda, mas burTi unda Seeyvana TamaSSi gverdiTi

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 xazis gadakveTis adgilidan. burTi TamaSSi iTvleboda maSin, roca is
Seexeboda mindvris safars.
6. moTamaSis mier burTis dartymis momentSi, Tu misi Tanagunde-
lebi imyofebodnen mowinaaRmdegis karTan ufro axlos, vidre darty-
mis Semsrulebeli, maSin is iTvleboda “TamaSgareT” mdgomareobaSi da
arcerT maTgans ar hqonda ufleba Sexeboda burTs meore gundis fex-
burTelze adre.
7. maSin, roca burTi gadakveTda karis xazs da mas pirveli dae-
ufleboda dacvaSi myofi gundis warmomadgeneli, maSin am moTamaSes
eZleoda ufleba _ Seesrulebina dartyma karis xazis im wertilidan
romelic burTTan Sexebis pirdapir mdebareobda, im SemTxvevaSi ki _
Tu burTs pirveli Setevaze myofi gundis fexburTeli Seexeboda, maSin
is asrulebda Tavisufal dartymas moednis im wertilidan, romelic
15(13,6m) iardis manZilze mdebareobda _ karis xazis im adgilidan, sa-
dac moTamaSe burTs Seexo. vidre ar Sesruldeboda dartyma, dacvaSi
myofi gundis yvela moTamaSe imyofeboda karis xazis gareT.
8. Tu moTamaSe uSualod haerSi xelebiT daiWerda burTs mas Semdeg,
roca dartyma Seasrula sxva moTamaSem, igi miwaze moniSnavda im adgils,
sadac moxda burTis daufleba da asrulebda Tavisufal dartymas.
9. moTamaSeebs ar hqondaT burTiT xelSi moedanze gadaadgilebis
ufleba.
10. fexburTelebs orTabrZolisas ekrZalebodaT fexis dadeba, fex-
ebSi dartyma da metoqis xelebis saSualebiT mocileba.
11. moTamaSes ekrZaleboda burTis xeliT gadagdeba.
12. akrZaluli iyo burTze xeliT Sexeba, vidre is imyofeboda moed-
nis farglebSi.
13. fexburTelebs ar hqondaT ufleba eTamaSaT metaliT gawyobili
fexsacmelebiT.
rogorc vxedavT 1863 wels gamoqveynebuli TamaSis wesebi mniS-
vnelovnad gansxvavdeba Tanamedrove fexburTis TamaSis wesebisgan.
1866 wels ramdenadme gamartivda TamaSgare mdgomareobis wesi.moTa-
maSem, Tu ki mas da karis xazs Soris imyofeboda mowinaaRmdege gun-
dis 3 fexburTeli TamaSgare mdgomareobaSi ar iTvleboda. imave wels,
karis boZebs Soris horizontalurad 5.5metris simaRleze gadaWimuli
iqna Toki. 1871 wels mekares mieca xeliT TamaSis ufleba.1879 wels
SemoRebul iqna kuTxuri dartyma, romelic iniSneboda im SemTxvevaSi,
roca burTi dacvaSi myofi fexburTelisgan gadakveTavda karis xazs.
1875 wels karis boZebis SemaerTebeli Secvlili iqna ZeliT miwidan
2.44 sm simaRleze.imave wels gadawyda gundebs karebi SeecvlaT mx-
olod Sesvenebis Semdeg da ara karis aRebisas, rogorc amas manamde
hqonda adgili.
1882 wels gaerTianda 4 damoukidebeli safexburTo kavSiri: ingli-
si Sotlandia, uelsi da irlandia. miRebuli iqna safexburTo Tama-
Sis erTiani wesebi, damtkicebul iqna saerTaSoriso sabWo, romelsac

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eZleoda ufleba-mosileba saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Seetana cvlilebebi
TamaSis wesebSi.
msaji moedanze pirvelad 1880-1881 wlidan gamoCnda, xolo 1891 wl-
idan mas kidev 2 damxmare msaji daemata.
1871 wels daarsda inglisis Tasis gaTamaSeba, romelic dRemde tar-
deba.pirveli saerTaSoriso matCi Catarda 1873 wels inglisisa da Sot-
landiis gundebs Soris.
me-19 saukunis 80ian wlebSi fexburTi gavrcelebas iwyebs evropaSi.
1875 wlidan holandiaSi, odnav mogvianebiT daniaSi.1882 wels _ Sveica-
riaSi, 1890 w. _ CexeTSi, 1894w. _ avstriaSi.
1904 wels Seiqmna fexburTis saerTaSoriso federacia “fifa”, mis
paralelurad 1954 wels funqcionireba daiwyo evropis safexburTo
kavSirma “uefam”.
1900 wels fexburTi Setanili iqna olimpiuri TamaSebis programaSi,
Tumca pirveli turniri 1908 wels Catarda.
1930 wlidan yovel 4 weliwadSi erTxel tardeba msoflios Cempio-
nati erovnul nakreb gundebs Soris.
1958 wlidan tardeba evropis Cempionatebi erovnuli nakrebi gun-
debis monawileobiT.

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 fexburTis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi

fexburTis TamaSi CvenSi me19 saukunis miwurulSi Caisaxa. erTis mx-

riv dasavleT saqarTveloSi, Savi zRvis navsadgurebSi, kerZod foTsa
da baTumSi da meores mxriv ki TbilisSi. fexburTis gavrcelebis mTa-
vari centri mainc Tbilisi iyo.
Tbilisis vaJTa pirveli gimnaziis 1896 wlis angariSidan Cans, rom
tanvarjiSis garda aq fexburTlisaTvisac yvela saWiro inventari da
pirobebi arsebobda. tanvarjiSis maswavlebeli iyo Cexi erovnebi bog-
dan karlosis Ze petuCeki, romelic kargad icnobda fexburTs.
vaJTa gimnaziaSi tanvarjiSis saTanado simaRleze dayenebisaTvis
1896 wels CexeTidan sagangebod Camoiyvanes anton lukeSi, CexeTis tan-
varjiSul sazogadoebis “sokolis” erT-erTi gamoCenili wevri.
1898 wels lukeSma Camoayaliba tanvarjiSis moyvarulTa wre, rom-
lis wevrebi agreTve varijSobdnen mZleosnobasa da fexburTSi.am
droisaTvis Tbiliselebma fexburTis Sesaxeb zogi ram ukve icodnen,
magram 1900 wlamde sportis am saxeobas aravin misdevda.
1906 wels Tbilisis “sokolis” prezidiumis wevris adolf adolf-
is Ze elzengeris TaosnobiT Camoyalibda “burTis fexiT moTamaSeTa”
pirveli gundi.pirvel xanebSi fexburTis TamaSi SemTxveviT xasiaTs at-
arebda. aseTi RonisZiebebi ufro xSirad “gimnazistebis” eqskursiebis
dros tardeboda. Tbiliseli korespondenti p. losovski fexburTis
Sesaxeb werda: “1906 wlamde fexburTi TbilisSi naklebad iyo cnobi-
li. mxolod adgilobrivi tanvarjiSuli sazogadoebis aqtiuri wevrebi
sazafxulo ardadegebis dros qalaqgareT erTmaneTSi Tu gaiTamaSebd-
nen. magram organizaciulad Camoyalibebuli gundi arc maT hyoliaT.”
mxolod 1906 wlis ivnisSi Tbilisis velodromze, romelic marjaniS-
vilis saxelobis Teatris teritoriaze mdebareobda, n. lgotakma Ca-
moayaliba pirveli, Tumca araoficialuri burTis fexiT moTamaSeTa
wre. gundis xelmZRvanelad da kapitnad airCies m. homeri. sportul
formad miRebuli iyo: wvivsaxvevebSi Catanebuli tilos TeTri Sar-
vali, perangis msgavsi Savi maisurebi, zemodan sqeli, usaxelo yviTe-
li wamosasxami moZraobas zRudavda. bucebis magivrad tlanqi waRebi,
xolo sawvives daniSnulebas tyavis paWiWebi asrulebdnen. fexburTis
moyvarulTa wris wevrebi sawevros saxiT yovelTviurad erT maneTs
ixdidnen. sicxis gamo TamSebs kviraSi orjer awyobdnen.
m. homeris gardacvalebis Semdeg wres saTaveSi Caudga tanvarjiSu-
li sazogadoeba “sokolis” wevri a. elzengeri. man inglisurad Targm-
na fexburTis TamaSis wesebi. zafxulis dReebSi lgotakis trekze ve-
losipedistTa xSiri Sejibrebebis gamo SeuZlebeli gaxda fexburTis
regularulad TamaSi. fexburTis pirvelma wrem seqtembramde iarseba,
noemberSi ki maT usasyidlod gadaecaT didubis ipodromiTa da erTi
oTaxiT sargeblobis ufleba.
fexburTis pirveli oficialuri gundis dakanonebisaTvis saWiro

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iyo Tbilisis guberniis sazogado saqmeTa sakrebulos gadawyvetile-
ba. “kometis” daarsebis sakiTxi mosmenil iqna 1907 wlis 23 Tebervals
xsenebuli sakrebulos sxdomaze, romelsac Tavmjdomareobda guberna-
toris movaleobis droebiTi Semsrulebeli, vice gubernatori a. Cer-
niavski. saTanadod gaformebuli sxdomis Jurnalidan Cans, rom gundis
wesdeba gulmodgined ganuxilavT.
Tu ras warmoadgenda kometis wesdeba, ra kuriozul da ucnaur mux-
lebs Seicavda igi da rogor siZneleebTan iyo dakavSirebuli fexbur-
Tis TamaSi TbilisSi, amas naTlad dainaxavs mkiTxveli, Tu “kometis”
wesdebas gaecnoba, romelic 40 muxlisagan Sedgeboda. magaliTisaTvis
zogierT maTgans gavecnoT:
mux. 1. fexburTis TamaSis moyvarulTa Tbilisis wre miznad isaxavs:
a) Tavis wevrebs misces saSualeba, rom Tavisufal dros iTamaSon fex-
burTi. b) xeli Seuwyos fexburTis gavrcelebas Tbilisis mosaxleo-
baSi. g) sportis interesebidan gamomdinare am TamaSis moyvarulebs
misces erTmaneTTan ufro mWirdo urTierTobis saSualeba.
mux. 2. wres saSualeba eZleva: a) moawyos yvelaferi rac aucile-
belia am TamaSisaTvis daqiravebul an sakuTar moedanze, Tu amis sa-
Sualeba iZleba wris saxsrebi. b) moawyos sajaro Sejibrebebi.
wesdebis meore TavSi gansazRvrulia wris Semadgenloba: mesame mux-
li wris wevrebs hyofs sapatio da namdvil wevrebad, moTamaSeebad da
gareSe mosiaruleebad. meoTxe muxlis ZaliT saerTo krebas ufleba
eZleoda sapatio wevrebad aerCiaT is pirni, romlebic gansakuTrebul
samsaxurs gauwevdnen wres da vinc cnobili iyo Tavisi praqtikuli
moRvaweobiT sportis romelime saxeobaSi.
me-5 muxlSi vkiTxulobT: namdvil wevrebad SeuZliaT iyvnen mxolod
21 welze meti asakis mamrobiTi sqesis pirebi, romlebic wris salaroSi
erTdoulad Seitandnen sul cota 100 maneTs, an yovelwliurad saw-
evro anaricxebs ormagad. wris wevrebad ar SeiZleba yofiliyvnen: a)
saswavleblis moswavleebi. b) namdvil samxedro samsaxurSi myofi dab-
ali Cinis samxedroebi. g) sasamarTlos mier uflebaSezRuduli pire-
bi. wesdebis damtkicebis garda, Tanaxmad maSindeli wesisa, Tbilisis
fexburTelTa gundis “kometis” Seqmnis Sesaxeb guberniis kancelari-
is marTvelobam senatis kancelariasa da gazeT “kavkazis” redaqcias 9
marts oficialuri mimarTviT gadaugzavna presaSi gamosaqveyneblad
gancxadebis teqsti, romelic sazogadoebas auwyebda axali sportuli
organizaciis Camoyalibebas.
amrigad, mTel rig zemdgom organizaciebSi vrceli procedurebis
Semdeg, rogorc iqna 1907 wlis 23 Tebervals dakanonda “kometa” da am
dRidan TbilisSi gaCnda fexburTis pirveli oficialuri gundi, ro-
melsac hqonda Tavisi forma, saxsrebi, moedani da wesdeba.
“kometam” xalxSi ver gaidga fesvebi da ver SeZlo sportis moyvar-
ulTa mizidva, imitom rom 1906 _ 1908 wlebSi TbilisSi es erTaderTi
gundi arsebobda. ai ras wers 1908 wels Jurnali “sporti”: “unda gam-

13
 ovTqva sinanuli, rom tanvarjiSuli sazogadoeba “sokoli” ar ayalibebs
Tavis fexburTelTa gunds, maSin SesaZlebloba iqneboda “sokolisa” da
“kometas” Soris matCis mowyoba. aseTi sajaro Sejibrebebi Tbilisis
sportisaTvis da kerZod am mimzidveli da sasargeblo TamaSSi, dauy-
ovnebliv moaxdenda zegavlenas axali moTamaSeebis mizidvaze.”
“sokolis” xelmZRvanelobam uyuradRebod ar datova sportul pre-
saSi dabeWdili safuZvliani sayveduri. erTi wlis Semdeg sazogadoeba
`kometam~ TamaSis wesebi gamosca da bolos 1912 wels sazogadoeba `Se-
vardenis~ wevr g. mosovis TaosnobiT `dezertirebis~ mindorze qalaqis
pirveli Cempionati Catarda.
Tbilisis Cempionatebi mas Semdeg 1918 wlamde yovelwliurad
imarTeboda. maSindeli erT-erTi Jurnali werda: `saerTod, fexbur-
Ti tfilisSi gafurCqvnis gzazea: mowafeTa gundebi bevria, magram
samwuxarod yvelas rodi SeeZlo pirvelobaSi moanwileobis miReba.
sakmaod Zlieria sazogadoeba `Sevardenis~ gundi, romelic amJamad in-
gliselebTan Sesaxvedrad emzadeba~.
`dezertiris~ garda im wlebSi Sexvedrebi imarTeboda samxedro sas-
wavleblis moedanze,(yofili saartilerio saswavlebeli) rusuli gim-
naziis maxlobel mindvrebze (Semdeg iq sasoflo-sameurneo institutis
korpusebi aSenda).
baqos navTobiT kapitalisturi saxelmwifoebis dainteresebam is
gamoiwvia, rom baTumis navsadgurSi xSirad Semodiodnen evropis tan-
kerebi, maT Soris ingliselebic bevri iyvnen. baTumelebmac am gemebis
mezRvaurebisgan iswavles TamaSi.
1913 wels baTumelebma pirveli saqalaqTSoriso matCebi gamarTes
foTSi. aWarelma fexburTelebma 2-8 waages, magram am gakveTils fuWad
ar Cauvlia. Semdeg Casvlisas baTumelebma daamarcxes foTelebi 1-0.
ufro mogvianebiT Seiqmna uCveulo saxelwodebis gundi _ `22~, romel-
ic male uZlieresi gaxda. mis SemadgenlobaSi TamaSobdnen: s. iokamidi;
i. bogdanovi; n. kalandariSvili; r. poRosovi; g. manosi; papaskiri; ka-
landaZe; m. darCia da sxvebi.
imave wlebSi erT zRvispira qalaqSi, soxumSi, fexburTma mtkiced
moikida fexi. cota mogvianebiT afxazeTSi gamoCnda axalgazrda niWi-
eri moTamaSeebis pleada: i. marRania; k. miqaZe; s. aCba; i. ratiani; Zmebi
i. da d. comaiebi; i. da v. Turqiebi; l. arCaia da sxvebi. afxazeTis fiz-
kulturulma organizaciebma daiwyes muSaoba Wabuk fexburTelebTan
_ Seiqmna gundebi soxumis ganaTlebis ganyofilebasTan. am gundebSi
bevri gamoCenili fexburTeli gaizarda: a. RoRoberiZe, v. marRania, n.
simoniani, n. ZiaSpa, a. tyebuCava, J. sanaia, i. vardimiadi, g. bondarenko,
v. barqaia da sxva.
1925 wels sportsazogadoeba `dinamos~ Tbilisis sabWosTan Seiqm-
na gundi, romelic qalaqis pirvelobaze meore jgufSi gamodioda.
maT male miaRwies warmatebas da pirvel jgufSi daimkvidres adgili.
Tbilisis dinamoSi Cairicxnen axalgazrda niWieri fexburTelebi: a.

14
foCxua, n. qorCilava, a. galperini, a. Jordania, v. ambokaZe, a. goneli,
v. comaia da sxva.
1928-36 wlebSi saqarTvelos nakrebi gundi zedized igebda amierka-
vkasiis respublikebis fexburTelTa turnirebs. amierkavkasiis respub-
likebis safexburTo cxovrebaSi didi movlena iyo amierkavkasiis nakre-
bis warmateba sabWoTa kavSiris 1932 wlis pirvelobaze (meore adgili).
1935 wels amierkavkasiis nakrebi gundi, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Ta-
maSobdnen a. doroxovi, S. SavguliZe, m. berZeniSvili, g. WumburiZe, m.
ankini, i. panini, m. bolotini, g. afridoniZe da sxvebi, skandinaviaSi
gaemgzavrnen. gundi ise dabrunda samSobloSi, rom arcerTi Sexvedra
ar waugia. maT 4 Sexvedra moiges da 3 fred daamTavres.
1936 weli niSandoblivia qarTuli fexburTis istoriisaTvis. gazaf-
xulze mwyobrSi Cadga `dinamos~ axali stadioni SesaniSnavi balaxis
safariTa da savarjiSo moednebiT. manamde cota xniT adre TbilisSi
moewyo amierkavkasiis safexburTo gundebis mwvrTnelTa seminarebi.
1936 weli qarTuli fexburTis istoriaSi Sevida, rogorc axali
tradiciis _ saqarTvelos Tasis gaTamaSebis dabadebis weli. axali Se-
jibreba iqca kidev erT stimulad fexburTis ganviTarebisa da popu-
larizaciis saqmeSi.
1936 wlidan saqarTvelos fexburTelebi yvela udidesi sakavSiro
Sejibrebebis ucvleli monawileebi xdebian. saklubo gundebis pirvel
sakavSiro CempionatSi (1936 wlis gazafxuli) Tbilisis dinamoelebi
Cinebulad gamovidnen meore jgufSi da moipoves ufleba, rom ukve Se-
modgomaze uZlieresTa Soris eTamaSaT. debiuti warmatebuli gamodga:
maT mxolod erTi matCi waages da mesame sapatio adgili daikaves.
1936 wlis martSi ssr kavSiris centralur aRmasrulebel komitet-
Tan arsebulma fizkulturis umaRlesma sabWom miiRo istoriuli gad-
awyvetileba sabWoTa fexburTis istoriaSi: qalaqTa nakrebi gundebis
samatCo Sexvedrebi da maTi monawileobiT gamarTuli turnirebi Secva-
les nebayoflobiTi sportul sazogadoebaTa gundebis Sejibrebebma,
romelic safuZvlad daedo sruliad sakavSiro asparezobebs _ ssr kav-
Siris pirvelobasa da sabWoTa kavSiris Tasis gaTamaSebas.
1938 wels qarTul fexburTs moevlina erT-erTi uniWieresi cen-
traluri Tavdamsxmeli boris paiWaZe, romelsac hqoda Tavis ganumeo-
rebeli xelwera, TamaSis Taviseburi gageba, taqtikur evoluciaze Ta-
viseburi Sexedulebani. im wlebSi TbiliselTa winaaRmdeg yvela gunds
gadasawyveti hqonda e. w. `paiWaZis neitralizaciis~ problema.
Tbilisis dinamoelebma 1939 wels pirvelad sakavSiro pirvelobaze
meore adgili daikaves, igive ganmeorda 1940 welsac.
1941 wels sakavSiro Cempionati sul 2 Tves gagrZelda. daiwyo meore
samamulo omi germaniasTan. omma Seaferxa sportuli cxovrebis ritmi.
1945 wels faSizmze gamarjvebidan meoTxe dRes _ 13 maiss stadioneb-
ze kvlav ganaxlda sakavSiro Cempionati. 1952 wels qveyanaSi Seiqm-
na erovnuli olimpiuri komiteti, rac imas niSnavda, rom yvelaferi

15
 olimpiuri gundebis momzadebas daeqvemdebareboda. sabWoTa kavSiris
olimpiuri nakrebi gundis SemadgenlobaSi Sevidnen: a. RoRoberiZe, a.
Wkuaseli, v. marRania da g. anTaZe. 1956 wels sabWoTa kavSiris xalxTa
spartakiadaze saqarTvelos fexburTelTa nakrebma meore adgili dai-
kava.
1957 wlidan moyolebuli axalgazrda fexburTelTa pleada gabedu-
lad Semodis da ikavebs adgils gundis ZiriTad SemadgenlobaSi. eseni
iyvnen: s. kotrikaZe, g. Coxeli, v. barqaia, m. mesxi, S. iamaniZe, m. xur-
cilava, g. siWinava, z. kaloevi, i. daTunaSvili, j. zeinkliSvili, T.
melaSvili, k. asaTiani, Zmebi nodiebi, r. ZoZuaSvili, g. petriaSvili, v.
qoriZe, v. rexviaSvili, r. uruSaZe, z. ebraliZe, f. kanTelaZe, S. xinCa-
gaSvili, v. WeliZe, d. gogia, r. CelebaZe, v. kopaleiSvili, b. mWedliS-
vili, T. stefania. v. cxovrebovi, k. ToraZe. da sxvebi. gundma sezoni
warmatebiT daiwyo, Canda, rom axalgazrdoba Tavis wvlils Seitanda
gundis warmatebaSi.
1960 wels sabWoTa kavSiris nakrebma, romlis SemadgenlobaSi ga-
modiodnen givi Coxeli, mixeil mesxi da slava metreveli, pirvelma
daisakuTra evropis Tasi. es iyo udidesi warmateba, romlis miRwevaSi
qarTvelma fexburTelebma udidesi wvlili Seitanes. aqve unda aRiniS-
nos rom qarTveli fexburTelebi sistematiurad gamodiodnen sabWoTa
nakrebis SemadgenlobaSi da warmatebiT icavdnen mis Rirsebas.
Tbilisis `dinamo~ TiTqmis 60 wlis ganmavlobaSi Rirseulad icavda
qarTuli fexburTis Rirsebas. rogorc sakavSiro aseve saerTaSoriso
sarbielzec igi orjer gaxda sabWoTa kavSiris Cempioni(1964 da 1978w),
vercxlis medlebis mflobeli (1939,1940, 1951, 1953, 1977w), brinjaos
priziori(1938, 1947, 1950, 1959, 1962, 1967, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1976wlis
gazafxuli, 1976 wlis Semodgoma, 1981w). orjer daeufla sabWoTa ka-
vSiris Tass(1976, 1979w), kidev 7jer iTamaSa sabWoTa kavSiris Tasis
gaTamaSebis finalSi(1936, 1937, 1946, 1960, 1970, 1980w). am warmatebaTa
gvirgvini iyo evropis qveynebis Tasis mflobelTa Tasis mopoveba 1981
wels diuseldorfSi (germania) `karl ceis~-Tan (gdr) gamarTul fi-
nalur matCSi (angariSi 2-1). am gamarjvebis sulis Camdgmelebi iyvnen:
ufrosi mwvrTneli n. axalkaci (ufrosi), mwvrTneli s. kutivaZe da gun-
dis ufrosi k. asaTiani. fexburTelebi: o. gabelia, n. xizaniSvili, a.
CivaZe (gundis kapitani), T. sulaqveliZe, T. kostava, d. yifiani, v. da-
raselia, n. kakilaSvili, v. gucaevi, r. Semgelia, z. svanaZe, g. Wilaia, v.
Jvania, z. TavaZe, d. mujiri.
aseve aRsaniSnavia g. ketaSvilis mier olimpiuri oqros medlis
mopoveba(1988w. seuli). r. ZoZuaSvili, m. xurcilava (1972 w. miunhen-
Si, brinjao). a.CivaZe, T. sulaqveliZe, r. CelebaZe (1980 w. moskovi,
brinjao). udidesi miRwevaa qarTuli fexburTisaTvis k. kalaZis mier
evropis CempionTa Tasis mopoveba italiis `milanis~ SemadgenlobaSi
(2002-2003, 2006-2007w).
80-iani wlebidan gundSi modis da mkvidrdeba axalgazrda Taoba,

16
eseni arian: m. mesxi (umcrosi), v. caava, k. cxadaZe, o. korRaliZe, a.
cveiba, k. gogiCaiSvili, v. qecbaia. k. kaWarava, a.minaSvili, g.guruli, m.
abuseriZe, n. fanculaiai, g. tyebuCava, g. fircxalava, g. joxaZe da sx-
vebi. Tbilisis `dinamos~ miRwevebi marto dinamos damsaxureba ar yofi-
la. es iyo mTeli qarTuli fexburTis gamarjvebebi imdenad ramdenadac
mis SemadgenlobaSi Tavs iyrida regionebidan Camosuli fexburTelebi,
romlebic mTlianobaSi Cveni fexburTis flagmans warmoadgenda. aseve
aRsaniSnavia quTaisis `torpedos~ da lanCxuTis `guriis~ monawileoba
sakavSiro pirvelobis umaRles ligaSi.
1990 wlis 15 Tebervali mniSvnelovani TariRia _ es aris qarTuli
fexburTis ganviTarebisa da damoukideblobis axali etapis dasawyisi.
am dros asparezze gamodis qarTuli fexburTis niWieri Taoba. eseni
arian: g. qinqlaZe, k. kalaZe, g. nemsaZe, Zmebi arvelaZeebi, g. jamarau-
li. S. yavelaSvili, g. gaxokiZe, l. kobiaSvili, m. asaTiani, g. kiknaZe, z.
xizaniSvili, a. devaZe, l. cqitiSvili, r. aleqsiZe, m. aSveTia, m. Selia,
g. anCabaZe da sxvebi. ssr kavSiris fexburTis federaciidan gamosvli-
sa da sakavSiro SejibrebaSi monawileobaze uaris Semdeg, saqarTve-
los fexburTis damoukidebeli federaciis SeqmnasTan erTad wamoiWra
evropisa(uefa) da saerTaSoriso(fifa) organizaciebis mier misi aRi-
arebis sakiTxi, ris gareSec Cveni gundebis saerTaSoriso Sexvedreb-
Si monawileobaze fiqric ki ar SeiZleboda. saqarTvelos Cempionatis
Catarebis winaSec mravali problema warmoiSva. TviT es Sejibreba, ro-
melic ganvlili saukunis 30ian wlebSi iRebs saTaves, erTgvarad unda
ganaxlebuliyo da axali statusi SeeZina, vinaidan maT Soris unda yo-
filiyo sakavSiro pirvelobaSi monawile gundebic.
99-ma gundma Seitana CempionatSi monawileobis ganacxadi, romelT-
aganac sportuli principiT umaRles jgufSi 18 SeirCa. 1990 wels 30
marts qveynis udides sportul arenaze, romlis tribunebic mayureb-
els ver itevda, sazeimod gaixsna saqarTvelos pirveli Cempionati _
maspinZlebma dinamoelebma (`imJamad iberia~) miiRes foTis `kolxeTi _
1913~.
saqarTvelos fexburTis federaciis moRvaweoba(prezidenti n. ax-
alkaci) qveyanaSi Seqmnili politikuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareobidan
gamomdinare rTuli da winaaRmdegobrivi iyo. miuxedavad yvelafrisa
saqarTvelso Cempionati Zalas ikrebda, grZeldeboda brZola fifasa
da uefaSi gasawevrianeblad, romelic warmatebiT dagvirgvinda.
1992 wlis ivlisSi, ciurixSi fexburTis saerTaSoriso federaciis
aRmasrulebeli komitetis sxdomaze dadginda: fexburTis saerTaSori-
so federaciis wevrad miiRon saqarTvelos fexburTis federacia.
1994 weli mniSvnelovani iyo qarTuli fexburTisaTvis _ 100 weli
Seusrulda qarTul fexburTs. es saukunovani iubile daemTxva damou-
kidebeli saqarTvelos fexburTis federaciis mesame yrilobas.

17
 infrastruqtura, sportuli inventari

saswavlo-sawvrTno procesis materialur-teqnikuri uzrunvelyo-

fa Wabuk fexburTelTa momzadebis intensifikaciis amaRlebis erT-er-
Ti mniSvnelovani pirobaa. is saSualebas gvaZlevs gamoviyenoT swav-
lebisada wvrTnis efeqturi saSualebebi, mravalferovani meTodebi.
materialur-teqnikuri uzrunvelyofa moicavs saswavlo-sawvrTno
bazis keTilmowyobas, agreTve swavlebis, wvrTnisa da kontrolis te-
qnikur saSualebebs.
saswavlo-sawvrTno baza _ pirvel rigSi esaa marTxkuTxedis formis
safexburTo moedani (105 m _ 68 m); romelzec ganlagebulia saTamaSo
moedani da mis garSemo ki usafrTxoebis zona. SeZlebisdagvarad saT-
amaSo moedani SeiZleba iyos balaxis safariT, gruntis an sinTetikuri
masalis.
safexburTo moedanze mowyobilia karebi (7,32 x 2,44) zomis, kuTx-
uris da gverdiTi almebiT.
saswavlo-sawvrTno procesSi fexburTelTa teqnikuri ostatobis
amaRlebis mizniT farTod iyeneben damxmare mowyobilobas. srulyofi-
li mowyobilobis gamoCenam efeqturi gaxada swavlebis individualuri
da wriuli formebis gamoyenebis organizacia. damxmare mowyobiloba
varjiSis mravaljeradi gameorebis principis, rTuli da intensiurad
Sesasrulebeli moZraobebis regulirebis saSualebas iZleva.
damxmare mowyobilobiT aRWurvilia sawvrTneli moednebi da spor-
tuli darbazebi. cnobilia maTi ori saxe: stacionaluri da gadasatani.
stacionalur mowyobilobas miekuTvnebian: batuti, sawvrTneli
kedeli, Camokidebuli burTebis kronSteini da a.

1. sawvrTneli kedeli (Tokis an kapronis) montaJdeba darbazSi.

badeze feradi qsoviliT aRniSnaven normalur da Semcirebul
karebs.

burTebis Camosakidebeli kronSteini

2. tumbo burTebis Camosakideblad.

18
aramdgradi dgarebi gadasatani batuti dgarebis saxeebi

gadasatani mowyobiloba konstruqciis mixedviT rTuli ar aris da

maTi arc transportirebaa Zneli. gadasatani SeiZleba iyos batuti,
safexburTo karebi
(standartuli da Semcirebuli zomiT) dgari kronSteini Camok-
idebuli burTebiT, dgarebi burTis tarebis teqnikis asaTviseblad.

gadasatani normaluri karebi gadasatanipatara karebi

moTamaSeTa fizikuri da funqconaluri momzadebulobis dadgena

xdeba specialuri mowyobilobebis daxmarebiT.
cnobilia registraciis Semdegi xelsawyoebi:
eleqtrowammzomi sxvadasxva monakveTebze siCqaris gasazomad.
dartymis Zalis registraciis dinamometri; moZrav obieqtze sis-
wrafisa da sizustis reaqciis gazomvis xelsawyo;
fexebis moZraobis maqsimaluri sixSiris registraciis mowyobiloba;
Jangbadis maqsimaluri moTxovnilebis gansazRvris gazoanalizato-
ri.

19
 gadasatani dgari kro-
nSteinze Camokidebu-
safexburTo qalaqi
li burTiT

1-2 karebis aRniSvna qalaqis kedlebze.

3. stacionaluri batuti.
4. dgari Camokidebuli tomrebiT.
5.kronSteini Camokidebuli burTebiT.
6. sarbeni biliki.
7-8. wreebis moniSvna.
9. kvadratebis moniSvna.
10. gadasatani batutebi.

20
 msajobis wesebi

wesi 1-saTamaSo moedani, moednis safari

matCebi SeiZleba gaimarTos bunebriv, an xelovnur safarze TamaSis
wesebis Sesabamisad.
zomebi:
saTamaSo moedani unda iyos sworkuTxovani. gverdiTi xazi ufro
grZelia, vidre karis xazi.
sigrZe: 90 m _ 120 m; sigane: 45 m _ 90 m; saerTaSoriso matCebi zomebi:
minimum 100 m _ 64 m; maqsimum 110 m _ 75 m.
kari
kari ganTavsebuli unda iyos TiToeuli karis xazis centrSi. isini
Sedgebian ori vertikaluri Zelisgan, romlebic kuTxuris droSidan
Tanabari manZiliT arian daSorebuli da zemodan horizonaluri xarix-
iT aris SeerTebuli.
Zelebs Soris manZili 7,32 m-ia, simaRle miwis zedapiridan xarixis
qveda konturamde _ 2,44 m.

orive Zelisa da xarixis kveTis radiusi erTnairia da ar aRemateba

12 sm-s. karis xazis sigane tolia Zelebisa da xarixis siganisa. badeebi
karebze saimedod unda iyos damagrebuli da xels ar unda uSlides
mekares.
karis Zelebi da xarixa unda iyos TeTri feris.

21
 wesi 2 _ burTi
burTi damzadebulia tyavisgan, an sxva am miznisTvis miRebuli ma-
salisagan.
• misi garSemoweriloba aris araumetes 70 sm da aranakleb 68 sm ;
• matCis dawyebisas iwonis araumetes 450 gr. da aranakleb 410 gr;

wesi 3 _ moTamaSeTa raodenoba

matCi tardeba ori gundis monawileobiT, TiToeulSi TerTmeti
moTamaSis SemadgenlobiT, maT Soris erTi mekarea. matCi ar SeiZleba
daiwyos, Tu romelime gundSi Svidze naklebi fexburTelia.
mekaris Secvla
nebismier moTamaSes aqvs ufleba gaucvalos adgili mekares im piro-
biT, Tu:
• msajs amis Sesaxeb ecnobeba cvlilebis moxdenamde;
• Secvla xdeba TamaSis gaCerebis momentSi.

22
 wesi 4 _ moTamaSeTa Cacmuloba:
maisuri; trusi;windebi; wvivsafari; gamaSebi(getrebi); fexsacmeli(-
bucebi);
mekaris Cacmuloba
TiToeuli mekaris tansacmlis feri unda gansxvavdebodes sxva
moTamaSeebisa da msajebis tansacmlis ferisgan.

wesi 5 _ arbitri misi uflebamosilebani

yvela TamaSi kontroldeba msajis (arbitris) mier, romelsac aqvs
yvela uflebamosileba TamaSis wesebis dasacavad im matCSi, romelzec
igi aris daniSnuli.
arbitri:
• uzrunvelyofs TamaSis wesebis dacvas;
• akontrolebs TamaSis msvlelobas Tavis damxmareebTan (asisten-
tebTan) erTad
• awarmoebs TamaSis qronometraJs da matCis Canawers. Tavisi Sexed-
ulebiT aCerebs, droebiT SeaCerebs an Sewyvets TamaSs wesebis
nebismieri darRvevisas.
• aCerebs TamaSs, Tu misi azriT moTamaSem miiRo seriozuli tramva
da uzrunvelyofs mis gayvanas moednis farglebidan. moTamaSe,
romelmac miiRo tramva, moedanze brundeba mxolod TamaSis ga-
naxlebis Semdeg;
• uzrunvelyofs, rom moTamaSem Wrilobidan sisxldenis SemTxveva-
Si datovos moedani. moTamaSes moedanze dabruneba SeuZlia mx-
olod arbitris signalis Semdeg.
• roca moTamaSe erTdroulad Caidens erTze met darRvevas, is
daisjeba ufro seriozuli darRvevis CadenisaTvis;
• iyenebs disciplinaruli zemoqmedebis zomebs im moTamaSeebis
mimarT, romlebic damnaSave iqnebian darRvevisaTvis da imsaxure-
ben gafrTxilebas, an gaZevebas.
• moqmedebs arbitris asistentebis rekomendaciebis safuZvelze im
situaciebis mimarT, romlebic Tavad ver naxa.
• ganaaxlebs TamaSs misi gaCerebis Semdeg.

wesi 6 _ arbitris asistentebi ( gverdiTi msajebi),

iniSneba arbitris ori asistenti, maT movaleobaSi Sedis aniSnos
mTavar msajs:
• roca burTi mTlianad gava moednis farglebidan;
• romel gunds aqvs ufleba moawodos kuTxuri, gverdiTi xazidan
Semoitanos burTi, an Seasrulos karidan dartyma;
• daafiqsiros `TamaSgare~ mdgomareoba;

23
 • msajs moedanze aniSnos im darRvevis Sesaxeb, romelsac SeiZleba
adgili hqondes 11-metriani sajarimo dartymis Sesrulebisas.

wesi 7 _ TamaSis xangrZlivoba _ ori Tanabari taimi, 45-45 wuTi. nebi-

smieri SeTanxmeba saTamaSo drois Secvlis Sesaxeb miRweuli unda iyos
TamaSis dawyebamde da unda Seesabamebodes Sejibrebis reglaments.

Sesveneba taimebs Soris.

taimebs Soris Sesveneba ar unda aRematebodes 15 wuTs. Sejibrebis
reglamentSi miTiTebuli unda iyos taimebs Soris Sesvenebis xangr-
Zlivoba.
damatebuli dro
orive taimis xangrZlivobas emateba dro, rac daikarga:
• Secvlebze;
• moTamaSeTa tramvebis SemTxvevaSi;
• trmvirebuli fexburTelebis transportirebaze daxmarebis aR-
mosaCenad;
• TamaSis drois ganzrax gayvanaze;
• nebismieri sxva mizeziT damatebuli drois xangrZlivobas mxolod
arbitri gansazRvravs.

wesi 8 _ TamaSis dawyeba da ganaxleba

winaswari pirobebi
TamaSis dawyebis win tardeba kenWisyra da gunds, romelsac Sex-
vdeba kenWi, ufleba aqvs airCios kari. mowinaaRmdege gundi asrulebs
sawyis dartymas matCis meore naxevarSi gundebi cvlian karebs.
sawyisi dartyma sruldeba TamaSis dawyebis an golis gatanis Semdeg:
aseve damatebiTi drois TiToeuli taimis dawyebisas, Tu aseTi dainiS-
na. uSualod sawyis dartymidan gatanili goli iTvleba.

procedura
• yvela moTamaSe imyofeba moednis Tavis naxevarze;
• sawyisi dartymis Semsrulebeli gundis mowinaaRmdegeebi imyofe-
bian burTisgan aranakleb 9,15 m-is (10 iardis) manZilze, sanam bur-
Ti ar Seva TamaSSi;
• burTi uZravad imyofeba centrSi;
• msaji aZlevs niSans;
• burTi TamaSSia, roca masze moxdeba dartyma fexiT da igi moZ-
raobs win;
• sawyisi dartymis Semsrulebel fexburTels ufleba ar aaqvs xe-
lmeored Seexos burTs manamde, vidre mas ar Seexeba sxva moTamaSe.

24
 sadavo burTi
`sadavo burTi~ _ es aris TamaSis ganaxlebis meTodi misi droebiTi
gaCerebis Semdeg.

wesi 9 _ burTi TamaSSia da ar aris TamaSSi.

burTi TamaSSia
burTi TamaSSia, roca:
• mas aisxletavs karis Zeli, xarixa, an kuTxuris alami da darCeba
saTamaSo moedaze;
• burTi xvdeba arbitrs, an arbitris asistents, roca isini imyofe-
bian moednis farglebSi.

burTi ar aris TamaSSi, Tu:

• man mTlianad gadakveTa karis, an gverdiTi xazi miwaze an haerSi;
• TamaSi gaCerebuli iqna arbitris mier.

wesi 10 _ karis aRebis gansazRvra. burTi iTvleba gatanilad, Tu man

mTlianad gadakveTa karis xazi Zelebs Soris da xarixis qvemoT, im piro-
biT, rom amis win golis gamtanma gundma ar daarRvia TamaSis wesebi.
gamarjvebuli gundi
TamaSis Sedegad meti golis gamtani gundi iTvleba gamarjvebulad.
Tu orive gundma gaitana golebis Tanabari raodenoba, an ar gaitana
arc erTi, maSin TamaSi fred mTavrdeba.

wesi 11 – `TamaSgare~ mdgomareoba

moTamaSe imyofeba `TamaSgare~ mdgomareobaSi, Tu:

25
 • igi ufro axlos imyofeba metoqis karTan, vidre burTi da mowi-
naaRmdege gundis boloswina moTamaSe.
• moTamaSe ar imyofeba `TamaSgare~ mdgomareobaSi, Tu:
• igi imyofeba moednis Tavis naxevarze, an
• igi erT xazze imyofeba boloswina metoqesTan, an
• igi erT xazzea or ukanasknel metoqesTan erTad.
• ar aris wesis darRveva
• ar aris `TamaSgare~ mdgomareobis wesis darRveva, Tu moTamaSe
burTs iRebs uSualod:
• karidan dartymis Semdeg, an
• gverdiTi xazidan burTis Semogdebis Semdeg, an
• kuTxuri dartymis Semdeg.

wesi 12 _ wesebis darRveva da udisciplino saqcieli

sajarimo dartyma
sajarimo dartyma iniSneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu erTi gundis moTamaSe
Cidens eqvsi darRvevidan erT-erTs, romelSic msajma dainaxa zedmetad
agresiuli moqmedeba:
• metoqeze fexiT dartyma, an dartymis mcdeloba;
• metoqeze fexis gamodeba, an mcdeloba;
• metoqeze Sextoma;
• metoqeze Tavdasxma;
• metoqeze xelis dartyma, an amis mcdeloba;
• metoqeze biZgi;
aseve mowinaaRmdege gunds eZleva sajarimo dartymis Sesrulebis
ufleba, Tu moTamaSe Caidens Semdeg nebismier oTx darRvevas:
• fexebSi vardniT burTis dauflebis mcdelobisas Seva kontaqtSi
metoqesTan manam, vidre Seexeba burTs;
• Seakavebs (daiWers) metoqes;
• SeafurTxebs metoqes;
• ganzrax iTamaSebs burTze xeliT Tavis sajarimo moedanSi (mekaris
garda).

11-metriani dartyma
11-metriani dartyma dainiSneba:
Tu nebismieri zemoT CamoTvlili aTi darRveva moTamaSis mier mox-
deba sajarimo moednis farglebSi, miuxedavad imisa, Tu sad imyofebo-
da burTi im pirobiT, rom burTi TamaSSia.
Tavisufali dartyma
Tavisufali dartymis Sesrulebis ufleba mieniWeba mowinaaRmdege

26
gunds, Tu mekare, romelic imyofeba Tavisi sajarimo moednis far-
glebSi, Caidens nebismier oTx darRvevas:
• akontrolebs burTs xelebiT 6 wamze met xans, vidre gauSvebs mas
xelidan;
• isev Seexeba burTs xelebiT, roca gauSvebs mas xelidan da burTs
ar Seexeba nebismieri sxva moTamaSe;
• Seexeba burTs xelebiT mas Semdeg, rac misi Tanagundeli ganzrax
gaakeTebs gadacemas fexiT;
• Seexeba burTs xelebiT uSualod partnioris mier gverdiTa xaz-
idan burTis Semogdebis Semdeg.
garda amisa, Tavisufali dartyma aseve iniSneba Tu moTamaSe msajis azriT:
• iTamaSebs saxifaTod;
• axdens metoqis moZraobis blokirebas;
• xels uSlis mekares burTis TamaSSi Seyvanisas.

wesi 13 _ sajarimo da Tavisufali dartymebi

dartymis saxeebi
dartyma SeiZleba iyos sajarimo da Tavisufali.
rogorc sajarimo, aseve Tavisufali dartymisas burTi unda iyos
uZravi, xolo dartymis Semsrulbel moTamaSes ufleba ar aaqvs xe-
lmeored Seexos burTs vidre mas ar Seexeba sxva moTamaSe.

sajarimo dartyma
• Tu sajarimo dartymidan burTi uSualod gava metoqis karSi _
goli iTvleba;
Tu sajarimo dartmidan burTi uSualod gava sakuTar karSi, mowi-
naaRmdegis gundi miiRebs kuTxuris Camowodebis uflebas.

Tavisufali dartyma
Tavisufali dartymis Sesaxeb msaji iZleva niSans Tavs zemoT aweu-
li xeliT. mas aseT mdgomareobaSi xeli uWiravs manam, sanam ar Sesrul-
deba dartyma da burTi ar Seexeba sxva moTamaSes, an ar gava TamaSidan.
• Tu Tavisufali dartymis Semdeg burTi uSualod gava sakuTar
karSi, mowinaaRmdege gundi miiRebs kuTxuris mowodebis uflebas.
• Tu Tavisufali dartymis Semdeg burTi pirdapir gadis mowinaaRm-
dege gundis karSi _ iniSneba karidan dartyma.

wesi 14- 11 metriani dartyma

11-metriani dartyma iniSneba, roca moTamaSeebis Tavis sajarimo
moednis farglebSi Caidenen erT-erT darRvevas aTidan, risTvisac
iniSneba sajarimo dartyma maSin, roca burTi TamaSSia.

27
 11-metrianidan gatanili goli iTvleba.
ZiriTadi an damatebiTi drois TiToeul taims emateba 11-metriani
dartymis SesrulebisaTvis saWiro dro.

burTisa da moTamaSeebis ganlageba

burTi
• moTavsebulia 11-metrianis niSnulze.
• damcveli gundis mekare:
• rCeba karis xazze, saxiT dartymis Semsrulebeli moTamaSisaken,
karis Zelebs Soris manam, sanam ar Sesruldeba burTze dartyma;
• mekares ar aqvs dartymis Sesrulebamde win gamosvlis ufleba;
dartymis Semsrulebeli moTamaSis garda yvela sxva moTamaSe imy-
ofeba:
• saTamaSo moednis farglebSi;
• sajarimo moednis farglebs gareT;
• 11-metriani niSnulis ukan;
• 11-metriani niSnulidan 9.15 m-is moSorebiT.

wesi 15-burTis mowodeba (auti)

burTis Semogdeba iTvleba TamaSi ganaxlebis meTodad.
burTi ar CaiTvleba, Tu gverdiTi xazidan Semogdebis Semdeg gava
karSi ise, rom mas arcerTi moTamaSe ar Seexeba.
burTis mowodeba dainiSneba:
• roca burTi mTlianad gadakveTs gverdiT xazs- miwaze an haerSi;
• im adgilidan, sadac burTma gadakveTa gverdiTi xazi;
• im gundis mowinaaRmdegis mier, romlis moTamaSec bolos Seexo burTs.

wesi 16 _ karidan dartyma

karidan dartyma TamaSis ganaxlebis xerxia. uSualod karidan darty-
mis Semdeg gatanili goli iTvleba, oRond im SemTxvevaSi, Tu goli
metoqis karSi gavida.
karidan dartyma iniSneba, roca:
• burTi mTlianad gadakveTs karis xazs miwaze, an haerSi Semtevi
gundis fexburTelisgan.

wesi 17 _ kuTxuri dartyma

kuTxuri dartyma iTvleba TamaSis ganaxlebis meTodad. uSualod
kuTxuridan metoqis karSi gatanili goli iTvleba.
kuTxuri dartyma dainiSneba, maSin, roca:
• burTi mTlianad gadakveTs karis xazs miwaze an haerSi, roca
burTs bolos exeba damcveli gundis moTamaSe.

28
 Sejibrebis organizacia da Catareba
Sejibreba fexburTSi saswavlo-sawvrTno procesis Semadgeneli
ZiriTadi nawilia. turnirebSi fexburTelis regularulad monawileo-
bis gareSe SeuZlebelia maRli sportuli Sedegebis miRweva. Sejibrebis
procesSi xdeba calkeuli moTamaSis da mTlianad gundis fizikuri,
teqnikuri, taqtikuri da nebelobiTi momzadebis xarisxis gamovline-
ba, saswavlo-sawvrTno procesis mdgomareobis Sefaseba da misi Semd-
gomi srulyofis mimarTulebis gansazRvra. Sejibrebis Sedegebi saswav-
lo-sawvrTno muSaobis Sefasebis obieqturi saSualebaa.
Sejibreba xels uwyobs nebisyofis aRzrdas, pasuxismgeblobis
grZnobis gamovlinebas. TamaSebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli emocionaluri
foni fexburTelTa fsiqikuri Tvisebebis demonstrirebis saSualebas
warmoadgens.
sufTa haerze Sejibrebis Catareba gamajansaRebeli mniSvnelobisaa
da fizikuri Tvisebebis ganviTarebis funqciis matarebelicaa. Seji-
breba, romelsac mayurebelTa didi raodenoba eswreba, fexburTis
propagandisa da popularizaciis mZlavri saSualebaa.
Zalian didia fexburTis msajis, rogorc aRmzrdel pedagogisa da
TamaSis xelmZRvanelis roli. kvalificiuri msajoba, uxeSobasTan da
fexburTelTa udisciplinobasTan brZola Sejibrebis maRal teqnikur
da taqtikur doneze warmarTvis aucilebeli pirobaa.

Sejibrebis saxeebi
Sejibrebis amocanebidan gamomdinare isini or ZiriTad da damxmare
jgufad iyofian.
ZiriTad Sejibrebas miekuTvneba sportul RonisZiebaTa kalendar-
iT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela Sejibreba, romelic Sejibrebis debulebis
Sesabamisad tardeba. aseTi Sejibrebebia:
pirveloba anu Cempionati;
Tasis gaTamaSeba;
SesarCevi Sejibreba.
pirveloba, anu Cempionati _ yvelaze sapasuxismgeblo Sejibre-
baa, romlis Sedegebis mixedviTac gamarjvebul gunds eniWeba Cempi-
onis wodeba. aseTi Sejibreba mocemul periodSi obieqturad asaxavs
monawile gundebs Soris ZalTa Sefardebas da iZleva mimdinare saswav-
lo-sawvrTno muSaobis Sefasebis SesaZleblobas. Tasis gaTamaSeba tar-
deba SejibrebaSi gundebis maqsimaluri raodenobiT monawileobisa da
SedarebiT drois mokle monakveTSi gamarjvebulis gamovlenis mizniT.
SesarCevi Sejibrebis mizania turnirebis Semdgom etapze monawile-
obisaTvis uZlieresi gundebis SerCeva.
damxmare Sejibrebebs miekuTvneba:
sakontrolo Sexvedrebi;

29
 amxanaguri Sexvedrebi;
saCvenebeli Sexvedrebi;
Semoklebuli Sejibrebebi;
sakontrolo Sexvedrebi tardeba momavali SejibrebisaTvis gundis
momzadebisa da momzadebulobis Semowmebis mizniT.
amxanaguri Sexvedra tardeba saswavlo-sawvrTno miznebis, an tradi-
ciuli Sejibrebebis gegmis Sesabamisad.
saCvenebeli Sexvedrebi emsaxureba fexburTis popularizacias da
sportuli ostatobis demonstrirebas.
Semoklebuli Sejibrebebi tardeba ramdenime saTis ganmavlobaSi,
gansakuTrebiT ki sadResaswaulo dReebSi, an axali sportuli sezo-
nis gaxsnisas an daxurvisas. imisTvis rom daCqardes aseTi Sejibrebis
Catareba, mcirdeba TamaSis dro.

gaTamaSebis sistemebi
praqtikaSi cnobilia Sejibrebis Catarebis Semdegi sitemebi: wri-
uli, gamoTiSviTi(olimpiuri) da Sereuli.

wriuli sistema
Tu Sejibreba tardeba erT wred, maSin, monawile gundebi erTmaneTs
erTjer Sexvdebian im SemTxvevaSi Tu turniris reglamenti ori wrea,
maSin monawile gundebi erTmaneTs orjer Sexvdeba _ sakuTar da mow-
inaaRmdegis moedanze. Sejibrebis aseTi sistemiT Catareba saSualebas
gvaZlevs obieqturad SevafasoT gundebis Zalebi da amave dros gam-
ovavlinoT ara marto gamarjvebuli, aramed yvela gundis mier daka-
vebuli adgili. Sejibrebis wriuli sistema maqsimalurad gamoricxavs
SemTxveviTobis faqtors. yvelaze obieqturia am sistemiT Sejibrebis
or wred Catareba. TamaSebis rigiTobas gansazRvravs rigiToba, rom-
lis Sedegebis Sesabamisad dgeba gaTamaSebis kalendari. Tu turniri
erT wred tardeba, maSin Sexvedra Sedgeba im gundis moedanze, romel-
ic wyvilSi pirvelia. wriuli sistemiT gaTamaSebis kalendris Sedgena
SeiZleba sami xerxiT.
pirveli xerxi
SejibrebaSi monawile gundebis saerTo raodenobidan viRebT uax-
loes nakleb kent ricxvs da Sesabamisad vavlebT vertikalur xazebs. ase
mag. monawile 6 gundisaTvis uaxloesi kenti ricxvia 5. es imas niSnavs,
rom gveqneba xuTi vertikaluri xazi, 10 gundis SemTxvevaSi uaxloesi
kenti ricxvia 9, eseigi miviRebT 9 vertikalur xazs da a.S. es nomrebi
saorientacioa momdedvno nomrebis grafikulad gamosaxvisaTvis. gaT-
amaSebis pirveli dRis kalendris Sesadgenlad saWiroa vertikaluri

30
xazis garSemo pirveli nomridan dawyebuli saaTis isris sawinaaRmde-
god danarCeni nomrebis TandaTanobiT matebis rigiTobis principiT
dafiqsireba. sxva saTamaSo dReebis ganrigis Sesadgenad yvela nomeri
unda dafiqsirdes vertikalur xazebs Soris `zmeikis~ msgavsad, adre
vertikaluri xazebis Tavsa da boloSi ganlagebuli nomrebis gaTval-
iswinebiT. nomrebis Cawera xdeba TanmimdevrobiT xazebis marjvena naw-
ilidan maTi zrdis mixedviT.
Semgdom, meore da momdevno kalendaruli dReebis wyvilebis dasa-
dgenad TiToeuli vertikaluri xazis marcxena nawilidan sarkiseburi
meTodiT gadmotanil unda iqnas wina kalendaruli dRis mezobeli yve-
la nomeri.

TamaSebis kalendari 10 gundisaTvis

(uaxloesi naklebi kenti ricxvia _ 9)

6 7 8 9
6-5 5-7 7-6 6-8 8-7 7-9 9-8 8-1 1-9
7-4 4-8 8-5 5-9 9-6 6-1 1-7 7-2 2-8
8-3 3-9 9-4 4-1 1-5 5-2 2-6 6-3 3-7
9-2 2-1 1-3 3-2 2-4 4-3 3-5 5-4 4-6
1 2 3 4 5

TamaSebi turebis mixedviT

1turi 2turi 3turi 4turi 5turi 6turi 7turi 8turi 9turi
1-10 10-6 2-10 10-7 3-10 10-8 4-10 10-9 5-10
2-9 1-2 3-1 2-3 4-2 3-4 5-3 4-5 6-4
3-8 9-3 4-9 1-4 5-1 2-5 6-2 3-6 7-3
4-7 8-4 5-8 9-5 6-9 1-6 7-1 2-7 8-2
5-6 7-5 6-7 8-6 9-7 7-8 9-7 1-8 9-1

mas Semdeg rac Seivso yvela grafa, xdeba TamaSebis kalendaris

Sedgena. amisaTvis wyvildebian is nomrebi, romlebic ganlagebuli ari-
an Sesabamisad vertikaluri xazebis orive mxares. im SemTxvevaSi, roca
monawile gundebis raodenoba kentia, vertikaluri xazebis zemoT da
qvemoT naCvenebi nomrebi, miuTiTeben gundze, romelic ar TamaSobs
mocemul kalendarul dRes(turSi). gundebis wyvili raodenobisas (mag.
10 gundi) miTiTebuli nomrebi (gundebi) TamaSoben ukanasknel(meaTe)
nomerTan.
turebis mixedviT TamaSebis ganrigis Sedgena xdeba Tavisufali
(vertikaluri xazebis qvemoT da zemoT nomrebi) da ukanaskneli gun-
debis (Cven SemTxvevaSi 1-10; 6-10 da a.S.) erTmaneTTan Sexvedrebis gaT-
valiswinebiT.
saerTod miRebulia, rom moednis maspinZlad iTvleba is gundi ro-
melic turis ganrigSi ganlagebul wyvilebSi pirveli dgas. amitom, ken-

31
 Wisyris Sedegad ukanaskneli nomris mqone (aT monawile gunds Soris
me10 nomeri)gundi yoveli turis Semdeg TanmimdevrobiT icvlis adg-
ils. yoveli turis Semdeg sxva wyvilebis Sedgena xdeba vertikaluri
xazis marjvena nawilSi moTavsebuli nomridan. gaTamaSebis aseTi xerx-
is gamoyenebisas gundebis mier yoveli turis Semdeg mkacradaa daculi
moednis cvlis (maspinZeli-stumari) wesi.
gaTamaSebis meore xerxi _ ufro martivia da gamoiyeneba maSin, roca
Sejibrebis procesSi moednis cvlas araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs,
eseigi turniri tardeba erT adgilas.
am xerxiT TamaSebis kalendaris Sedgena xdeba uSualod turebis
mixedviT. nomrebi, romlebic Seesabameba monawile gundebis raodeno-
bas,(gundebis wyvili ricxvi) Camoiwereba or rigad dawyebuli pirveli
nomriT, romelic iwereba marcxena rigis TavSi, Semged meore nomeri
pirvelis gaswvriv marcxena rigSi da aseTive TanmimdevrobiT sxva nom-
rebi saaTis isris moZraobis Sesabamisad. sxva turebis Sedgenisas pir-
veli nomeri rCeba adgilze, xolo danarCenebi gadaadgildebian saaTis
isris moZraobis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT
.
TamaSebis ganrigi turebis mixedviT 10 gundisTvis
1turi2turi3turi4turi5turi6turi7turi8turi9turi
1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-7 1-8 1-9 1-10
10-3 2-4 3-5 4-6 5-7 6-8 7-9 8-10 9-2
9-4 10-5 2-6 3-7 4-8 5-9 6-10 7-2 8-3
8-5 9-6 10-7 2-8 3-9 4-10 5-2 6-3 7-4
7-6 8-7 9-8 10-9 2-10 3-2 4-3 5-4 6-5

Tu SejibrebaSi monawileobs gundebis kenti raodenoba, maSin Semd-

gomi cifris nacvlad svamen `nuls~, danarCeni yvelaferi rCeba ucvle-
lad: gundi, romelic dawyvildeba `nulTan~, mocemul turSi isvenebs.
1turi2turi3turi4turi5turi6turi7turi
1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-7 1-10
0-3 2-4 3-5 4-6 5-7 6-0 7-2
7-4 0-5 2-6 3-7 4-0 5-2 6-3
6-5 7-6 0-7 2-0 3-2 4-3 5-4

imisTvis, rom ganvsazRvroT wriuli sistemiT erT wred Sejibrebis

CatarebisaTvis saWiro dro aucilebelia davadginoT TamaSebis raode-
noba. es SesaZlebelia Semdegi formulis gamoyenebiT:
T=g(g-1)/2
sadac `T~ aris TamaSis raodenoba;
`g~ SejibrebaSi monawile gundebis raodenoba
mag: g=20. maSin,
T = 20(20-1)/2=190;

32
 gaTamaSebis gamoTiSviTi sistema(olimpiuri)
gamoTiSviTi sistemas, rogorc wesi, iyeneben im SemTxvevaSi, roca
SejibrebaSi monawile gundebis raodenoba Zalian didia da amave dros
aseTi RonisZieba umokles droSi unda damTavrdes.
TamaSebis Tanmimdevrobis gansazRvrisaTvis aucilebelia Sedges ga-
TamaSebis bade masSi monawile gundebis raodenobis mixedviT da mere
Catardes kenWisyra. miRebuli nomrebis Sesabamisad gundebi Caiwere-
bian gaTamaSebis badeSi. amgvarad, moTamaSe wyvilebis dadgena xdeba
kenWisyris Sedegad. Tu gundebis raodenoba udris 2s n-xarisxSi (22=4;
23=8; 24=16; 25=32da a.S.), maSin yvela gundi gaTamaSebaSi Caebmeba pirve-
live turidanve.
Tu monawile gundebis ricxvi ar aris toli 2n-is, maSin bade iseT-
nairad unda Sedges, rom meore turisTvis gundebis ricxvi iyos 2n-i.
Sesabamisad, gundebis erTi nawili Sejibrebas daiwyebs meore turidan,
nawili ki pirveli dRidanve.

imisaTvis, rom davadginoT im gundebis raodenoba, romlebic pirve-

live turidan iwyeben SejibrebaSi monawileobas, saWiroa Semdegi for-
mulis gamoyeneba:
g1=(g0-2n)2
sadac: g1 _ aris SejibrebaSi monawile gundebis raodenoba, rom-
lebic pirvelive turidan iwyeben Sejibrebas;
g0- aris SejibrebaSi monawile gundebis raodenoba;
2n- aris SejibrebaSi monawile gundebis saerTo raodenobasTan uax-
loesi dabali ricxvi;
n-xarisxis maCvenebeli (mTeli ricxvi), romlis SerCevac damok-
idebulia gundebis saerTo ricxvze(n=2,3,4,5 da a.S.).
magaliTad: SejibrebaSi monawileobs 12 gundi, am ricxvisaTvis unda
Sedges bade ricxvi 12 an warmoadgens 2-is xarisxs, amitom gundebis

33
 erTma nawilma unda iTamaSos pirvel turSi, rom meore turisaTvis
gundebis raodenoba gautoldes 2ns. pirvel turSi monawile gundebis
raodenobas davadgenT qvemoT mocemuli formuliT:
g1 = (g0-2n)2=(12-23)2=(12-8)2=8; anu g1=8

Tu gundebis raodenoba wyvili ricxvia, maSin, meore turidan monaw-

ile gundebi Tanabrad nawildebian badis zemoT da qvemoT. gundebis
kenti ricxvis SemTxvevaSi ki badis qvemoT erTi gundiT meti, vidre
badis zemoT.

ase warmoiSva sistema, romelsac xSirad iyeneben saerTaSoriso

turnirebSi gansakuTrebiT ki evropisa da msoflio pirvelobebis fi-
nalur etapze. mag: 16 gundi am sistemis mixedviT nawildeba 4 jgufSi.
(4 gundi jgufSi), jgufebSi Sejibreba tardeba wriuli sistemiT erT
an or wred. jgufebSi gundebis ganawilebisaTvis kenWisyras SeiZle-
ba sxvadasxva piroba daedos safuZvlad, romelic winaswar mocemulia
Sejibrebis debulebaSi(teritoriuli principi, Zlierebi, sxvadasxva
jgufebSi ganTesva da a.S.) jgufebSi pirvel, an or pirvel agdilze
gasuli gundi gadis gaTamaSebis Semdeg epatze. im pirobiT, rom erTi
jgufis gundebi pirvel or turSi erTmaneTs ar unda Sexvdnen.
qvemoT mocemulia Sejibrebis Catarebis orive nawilis sqema, rom-
lebis kenWisyramde unda iyos dadgenili.
Sejibrebis pirveli nawilis sqema
1_li jgufi: # 1,2,3,4
me-2 jgufi: # 5,6,7,8
me-3 jgufi: # 9,10,11,12
me-4 jgufi: # 13,14,15,16

34
 Sejibrebis meore nawilis sqema

mocemuli sistemis upiratesoba aSkaraa: SemTxveviTobis faqtoris

maqsimalurad Semcireba Sejibrebis pirvel nawilSi, turnirebis mniS-
vnelovnad mokle droSi Catareba.
momaval turSi iyeneben gamoTiSviTi sistemis ramdenadme Secvlil
variants: pirveli turis Semdeg wvilebidan gamarjvebulTaTvis tar-
deba kenWisyra axali wyvilebis gamosavlenad da ase grZeldeba naxevar-
finalamde.

Sereuli sistema
Sereuli sistema wriuli da gamoTiSviTi sistemebis kombinacias war-
moadgens. gaTamaSebis am sistemis gamoyenebisas Sejibrebis (winaswari
an daskvniTi) erTi nawili wriuli, xolo meore gamoTiSviTi sistemiT
tardeba. zogierT SemTxvevaSi gamoTiSviT sistemas Sejibrebis sawy-
iss etapze iyeneben, roca gundebi qvejgufebadaa dayofili. Semdeg ki
darCenili gundebi ukve daskvniT etapze wriuli sistemiT agrZeleben
Sejibrebas.
SemTxveviTobis faqtoris Semcirebis survili Sejibrebis organi-
zatorebs aiZulebs eZebon sul axali sistemebi, romlebic sabolood
gaTamaSebis Sereuli xerxiT Catarebas ukavSirdeba.
gamoTiSviTi sistemis upiratesoba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom miuxeda-
var monawile gundebi didi raodenobisa, gamarjvebulis gamovlineba
mokle droSi xdeba. ase mag. 19 gundis monawileobiT Sejibrebis dasas-
ruleblad sul xuTi turia saWiro.

35
 gamoTiSviTi sitemis seriozul naklad SeiZleba CaiTvalos is gare-
moeba, rom gundebis dawyvileba xdeba kenWisyris Sedegad, rasac Seji-
brebaSi Seaqvs SemTxveviTobis elementebi. SeiZleba isec moxdes, rom
Zlieri gundebi badis erT naxevarSi aRmoCndnen da finalamde datovon
gaTamaSeba. aseT pirobebSi SedarebiT sust gunds eZleva warmatebis
miRwevis SesaZlebloba. amis Tavidan asacileblad xSirad mimarTaven
Zlieri gundebis xelovnur ganTesvas badis sxvadasxva naxevarSi da Sem-
deg ki darCenili gundebisaTvis tardeba kenWisyra Tavisufali nomre-
bis misaRebad.

Sejibrebis debuleba
oficialuri Sejibrebisas, roca xdeba saprizo adgilebis, an Sei-
Zleba yvela adgilis gamovlineba, aucilebelia Sejibrebis debulebis
Sedgena, romelsac amtkicebs RonisZiebis Camtarebeli organizacia.
Sejibrebis debulebas iuridiuli dokumentaciis daniSnuleba aqvs,
romelSic mocemulia sportuli RonisZiebebis Catarebis ZiriTadi
organizaciuli da teqnikuri pirobebi. debuleba gansazRvravs saswav-
lo-sawvrTno muSaobis Sinaarss, radgan gundebis organizaciul-meTo-
duri momzadeba Sejibrebebis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda
xdebodes. debulebis damtkiceba da maTi gagzavna monawile gundebi-
saTvis minimum 1 TviT adre unda gagrZeldes, raTa gundebis momza-
debisaTvis sakmarisi dro hqondes.
Sejibrebebis msvlelobis periodSi araviTari gadaxveva debulebidan

36
ar SeiZleba, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi amas mohyveba Camtarebele organi-
zaciis avtoritetis dacema da arasasurveli konfliqtebi.
Sejibrebis debulebaSi gaSuqebuli unda iyos Semdegi sakiTxebi:
1. Sejibrebis mizani da amocanebi;
2. Sejibrebis Camtarebeli organizacia(federacia, org komiteti da
a.S.)
3. Sejibrebis Catarebis dro, adgili da pirobebi;
4. gundebis raodenoba da dasaxeleba;
5. gaTamaSebis sistema, (wriuli, gamoTiSviTi, Sereuli);
6. CaTvlis sistema da dakavebuli adgilebis gansazRvra;
7. Sejibrebis gansakuTrebuli pirobebi(ra SemTxvevaSi iniSneba
damatebiTi dro da misi xangrZlivoba, gamarjvebulis gamovle-
nis pirobebi TamaSis yaimi damTavrebisas, an erTnairi raodenobis
qulebis dagrovebis SemTxvevaSi da a.S)
8. ganacxadis forma, misi wardgenis vadebi, damatebiTi ganacxadi;
9. msajTa kolegia, romelsac evaleba Sejibrebis momsaxureba;
10.protestis wardgena da misi ganxilvis reglamenti, disciplinaru-
li sakiTxebis garCeva;
11.SejibrebaSi monawile gundebis warmomadgenlobisa da stadionis
administraciis pasuxismgebloba;
12.gamarjvebulis dajildoveba;
debulebaSi SeiZleba Setanili iqnas nebismieri sakiTxi, Tu ki amas
saWirod CaTvlis Sejibrebis Camtarebeli organizacia.

37
 pirveli done

TamaSis teqnika
fexburTelis teqnikuri ostatoba pirdapiraa damokidebuli fi­
zikur momzadebasa da im specialuri Tvisebebis ganviTarebaze, rom-
lebic uzrunvelyofen teqnikuri xerxebis ufro swrafad srulyofas.
sportuli teqnikis gaumjobeseba SesaZlebelia mxolod Sesabamisi
saerTo da specialuri momzadebis pirobebSi.
nebismieri srulyofili teqnika upirveles yovlisa xasiaTdeba imiT,
rom yovelgvari moZraoba mizanmimarTuli da racionaluria. teqnikuri xe-
rxebis Sesrulebis siswrafe TamaSis mniSvnelovani faqtoria, magram marto
siswrafe sizustis gareSe ar iZleva sasurvel Sedegs. arazusti dartyma
karSi TiTqmis nulamde amcirebs kargad Cafiqrebul kombinacias da a.S.
teqnikuri ostatoba xasiaTdeba teqnikuri xerxebis didi moc-
ulobiT, saTamaSo pirobebSi am xerxebis efeqturad Sesrulebis un-
ariT. imdenad, ramdenadac fexburTelis teqnika warmoadgens burTTan
mimarTebaSi xerxebisa da SesaZleblobebis didi jgufis erTobliobas,
misi Seswavlac rTuli da xangrZlivi procesia. am amocanebis gadasaW-
relad did mniSvnelobas iZens Sesaswavli masalis sistematizacia da
teqnikis swavlebis racionaluri Tanmimdevrobis sworad gansazRvra.
programuli masalis sistematizacia gvexmareba mravalwliuri
momzadebis TiToeuli etapis sworad dagegmvaSi.
teqnikuri xerxebi – es aris TamaSis warmarTvis ZiriTadi saSualeba.
imaze, Tu ramdenad srulyofilad flobs fexburTeli am saSualebas,
ramdenad efeqturad iyenebs mas TamaSis variantul pirobebSi, mow-
inaaRmdegesTan orTabrZolisas da daRlilobis ganviTarebis fonze,
bevrad aris damokidebuli sportuli moRvaweobis warmateba.
Tanamedrove fexburTSi teqnikuri xerxebisaTvis damaxasiaTebe-
lia moZraobis biomeqanikuri sistemis gamoyenebis mcdeloba, risi sa-
SualebiTac SesaZlebeli gaxda saTamaSo moqmedebebis ekonomiurad,
swrafad da zustad Sesruleba. teqnikisadmi ZiriTadi moTxovnileba
– esaa Sesrulebis ubralooba da efeqturoba.

fexburTelTa swavlebis struqtura

fexburTelTa momzadebis procesSi xdeba unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibe-
ba. pirobiTad momzadebis procesi SeiZleba daiyos swavlebisa da wvrT-
nis or Semadgenel nawilad.
amjerad Cven SevexebiT swavlebis procesis struqturas.
fexburTelTa momzadebis sawyis etapze, swavlebaSi igulisxme-
ba codnis, Cvevebisa da unaris daufleba. swavlebis Sinaarsia – te-
qnikis elementebis umartivesi xrxebis aTviseba, moZraobiTi Cvevebis
formireba.

38
 swavleba unda ganvixiloT, rogorc specialurad organizebuli,
mravalwliani, erTiani pedagogiuri procesi. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom
swavleba da wvrTna erTianobaSia da isini erTmaneTs avseben. magram
imis gamo, rom swavlebis amocanebi specifikuria, saWiro xdeba am er-
Tiani procesis gancalkeveba.

swavlebis winaSe Semdegi konkretuli amocanebi dgas:

1. moZraobiTi Cvevebisa da nebelobiTi Tvisebebis Camoyalibeba;
2. fexburTelebis funqcionalur SesaZleblobaTa gafarToeba;
3. sportuli Sromis unarebis Semdgomi amaRleba.
swavlebis am ZiriTadi amocanebis praqtikulad realizacia Ses-
aZlebels xdis srulad gamovavlinoT da gamoviyenoT adamianis or-
ganizmis kolosaluri SesaZleblobani (sportuli Sromisunarianobis
maqsimaluri done).

swavlebis procesis struqtura da misi etapebis Taviseburebani

fexburTSi calkeuli teqnikuri xerxis swavlebis procesSi arCeven

sam etaps (safexurs):
1. pirveldawyebiTi Seswavla – am etapze xdeba moZraobis Sesrulebis
formireba mis ZiriTad variantSi;
2. gaRrmavebuli swavleba – moZraobiTi moqmedebebis elementebis
(detalebis) zustad da daxvewilad Sesruleba;
3. moZraobiTi moqmedebebis Sesrulebis ganmtkiceba da srulyofa –
dakavSirebulia moZraobiTi Cvevis CamoyalibebasTan da mis sxvadasxva
pirobebSi gamovlinebis SesaZleblobasTan.

axla ganvixiloT TiToeuli etapi, maTi mizani da Sinaarsi.

pirveldawyebiTi Seswavla. swavlebis am etapis uSualo mizans war-
moadgens ama Tu im moZraobiTi moqmedebis Sesruleba mis ZiriTad vari-
antSi, anu momecadinem unda aiTvisos axali moZraobis Sesrulebis te-
qnikis safuZveli.
am etapis fiziologiuri meqanizmi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Tavis
tvinis qerqSi iqmneba dinamiuri stereotipis safuZveli. misi specifi-
kuri safuZvlebia: a) sivrcesa da droSi moZraobis Sesrulebis kunTu-
ri SegrZnebebis dabali sizuste; b) Sesrulebis ritmis aramdgradoba;
g) arasaWiro damatebiTi moZraobebi; d) rTuli moZraobis fazebs Soris
organuli kavSiris ararseboba.
fexburTelTa swavlebis meTodika am etapze xasiaTdeba didaqtiku-
ri principebis, meTodebisa da formebis garkveuli TaviseburebebiT.
moZraobis Seswavlis sawyis momentad iTvleba moZraobis winaswari
gacnoba – misi mniSvnelobisa da Taviseburebebis, Sesrulebis teqnikis
Sesaxeb mokle da ZiriTadi informaciis mowodeba.

39
 moZraobis naturaluri demonstrireba xdeba ori formiT: pirveli
– Sesaswavli moZraobiTi moqmedeba sruldeba srulyofilad; meore –
atarebs swavlebis xasiaTs da misi mizania is, rom momecadineebma maqsi-
malurad kargad, sworad aRiqvan moZraobis teqnikis safuZvlebi.
TvalsaCinoebis principi am etapze xorcieldeba iseTi meTodebiTa
da xerxebiT, romlebic iZleva warmodgenas moZraobis ZiriTadi fazebis
Sesaxeb. es SesaZlebelia sityvis saSualebiT, mxedvelobiTi orientire-
bis gamoyenebiT, xmovani signalebiT, moZraobis SegrZnebebiT da a.S.
davalebis misawvdomoba xorcieldeba: a) momecadinis moZraobi-
Ti gamocdilebiT; b) Sesaswavli moZraobis struqturis sirTuliT; g)
momecadineTa fizikuri momzadebis doniT.
pirveldawyebiTi Seswavlis etapze sistematiurobis principis re-
alizaciisaTvis aucilebelia varjiSebis gameorebaTa optimaluri
ricxvis da maT Soris intervalis sididis gansazRvra. fexburTels
varjiSis ramdenjerme Sesrulebis SesaZlebloba unda hqondes iseTi
intervalebiT, rom SeZlos mwvrTnelis SeniSvnebis gaazreba da mis sa-
fuZvelze moZraobis SesrulebaSi koreqtivis Setana. aucilebelia im
garemoebis gaTvaliswinebac, rom erTi mecadineobis ganmavlobaSi ax-
ali, koordinaciulad rTuli varjiSis mravaljeradi gameoreba ner-
vuli centrebis swrafad daRlas iwvevs. daRlas Tan axlavs Secdomebi
da aseT viTarebaSi moZraobis gameoreba ar aris mizanSewonili, radgan
meordeba Secdomebic da xdeba maTi CvevaSi gadasvla (pirobiTi refle-
qsis gamomuSavebis meqanizmi).

gaRrmavebuli Seswavla
swavlebis procesis am etapis amocanebia: moZraobiTi moqmedebebis
zustad Sesruleba, teqnikis Semadgeneli elementebis daxvewa da mis sa-
fuZvelze moZraobis Cvevad CamoyalibebisTvis aucilebeli pirobebis
Seqmna. etapis xangrZlivoba SeiZleba damokidebuli iyos imaze, Tu ram-
denad rTulia koordinaciulad Sesaswavli moZraoba da rogoria fex-
burTelebis momzadebulobis done mocemul konkretul SemTxvevaSi.

swavlebis am etapis amocanebia:

1. Sesaswavli moZraobiTi moqmedebis Sesaxeb codnis gaRrmaveba.
2. Sesaswavli moZraobis teqnikis detalebis daufleba da daxvewa.
3. moZraobiTi moqmedebis mTlianobaSi zustad Sesruleba.
swavlebis meTodika xasiaTdeba Semdegi TaviseburebebiT: izrdeba
Segnebulobisa da aqtiurobis principis roli da mniSvneloba. aucile-
belia fexburTelebs SevuqmnaT srulyofili warmodgena moZraobis
Sesaxeb, raTa moaxerxon moZraobis struqturisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
calkeul elementebs Soris kavSiris dadgena.
~swrafi informaciis” meTodi momecadines aZlevs SesaZleblobas
Seitanos koreqtivi uSualod moZraobiTi moqmedebis demonstrirebis

40
momentSi.
gaRrmavebuli Seswavlis etapze sul ufro meti da meti dro eTmo-
ba varjiSTa mTlianobaSi Sesrulebas da maTi Semadgeneli calkeuli
elementebis gamoyofas. elementebis daufleba xdeba moZraobis mTlia-
nobaSi Sesrulebis fonze. sistematiurobis principis realizaciis Ta-
visebureba am etapze kidev imaSi mdgomareobs, rom varjiSis gameore-
baTa raodenoba TiToeul sesiaSi TandaTan matulobs. aseT dros unda
veridoT daRlis ganviTarebas.

moZraobis moqmedebebis ganmtkiceba da Semdgomi srulyofa

am etapis ZiriTadi amocanaa – moZraobis Sesaxeb miRebuli codna
vaqcioT Cvevad da SevZloT misi sxvadasxva pirobebSi gamoyeneba.
swavlebis procesi moicavs Cvevis Camoyalibebis or stadias:
1. Cvevis ganmtkiceba mis ZiriTad variantSi;
2. Cvevisa da unaris formireba sxvadasxva variantSi (pirobebSi).
pirvel stadiaze xdeba ukve Camoyalibebuli dinamiuri stereotipis
ganmtkiceba, rac Seesabameba Sesaswavli moZraobis teqnikis ZiriTad
variants, xolo meore stadiaze am ZiriTad dinamiur stereotipTan
erTad aucilebelia damatebiTi moZraobiTi reaqciis gamomuSaveba da
ganmtkiceba, rac Seesabameba moZraobis teqnikis sxvadasxva variants.
swavlebis am etapze kerZo amocanebia:
1. asaTvisebeli moZraobiTi moqmedebis teqnikis ZiriTadi da Semad-
geneli elementebis dazusteba da ganmtkiceba;
2. teqnikis individualuri niSnebis srulyofa;
3. aTvisebuli moZraobiTi moqmedebebis sxvadasxva pirobebSi da sxva
moqmedebebTan monacvleobiT Sesrulebis srulyofa;
4. moZraobiTi moqmedebebis srulyofilad Sesruleba fizikuri
datvirTvis fonze.
swavlebis meTodika am etapze iTvaliswinebs specifikur amocanebs
da maTi ganxorcielebis pirobebs.
swavlebis principebs Soris Segnebulobisa da aqtiurobis real-
izaciis dros mxedvelobaSi unda viqonioT Semdegi garemoeba: roca
unari CvevaSi gadadis, yuradRebis xelovnuri koncentracia moZrao-
bis elementebze zogierT SemTxvevaSi araTu xels uwyobs mis avtoma-
tizacias, aramed piriqiT, xelsac ki uSlis. yuradRebis koncentracia
moZraobiTi moqmedebis calkeul momentebze ar aris gamarTlebuli im
SemTxvevaSi, roca saWiroa ukve Camoyalibebuli avtomatizaciis Senar-
Cuneba da piriqiT gamarTlebulia, Tuki saWiroa misi darRveva.
bevri amocanis gadawyvetisas Segnebuloba wamyvan rols TamaSobs.
igi mimarTuli unda iyos Sesaswavli moZraobis teqnikis, misi Ses-
rulebis kanonzomierebebisa da Sedegebis Rrmad gaazrebisken.
swavlebis am etapisTvis damaxasiaTebelia miswrafeba SemoqmedebiTi
azrovnebisken, ris gareSec SeuZlebelia maRali ostatobis miRweva.

41
 moZraobiTi Cvevis ganmtkicebis procesSi TvalsaCinoebis principi
am etapze sxva formebs Rebulobs. minimumamde mcirdeba damatebiTi
saSualebebisa da meTodebis roli. Cvevis ganmtkicebasTan erTad did
mniSvnelobas iZens moZraobiTi analizatori, xolo mxedvelobisa da
smenis analizatorebi Tavisufldebian moZraobis kontrolisagan da
gadaerTvebian saTamaSo xasiaTis situaciebis Sefasebaze.
etapis dasawyisSi, roca dinamiuri stereotipi jer kidev ar aris
mtkiced Camoyalibebuli, upiratesoba eniWeba standartul pirobebSi
varjiSs. moZraobiTi Cvevis ganmtkicebis Sesabamisad swavlebis garemo
pirobebi mravalferovani xdeba.
yvela adamians ganviTarebis mocemul safexurze gaaCnia Sesa-
ZleblobaTa garkveuli zRvari, e.i. roca mas fizikuri da fsiqologi-
uri Zalebis mobilizaciis Sedegad SeuZlia ama Tu im sirTulis moZ-
raobiTi amocanis gadaWra. Tu fexburTeli amas ver akeTebs, es niSnavs,
rom mocemuli davalebis daZleva mis SesaZleblobebs aRemateba, anu ar
aris daculi misawvdomobis zoma.
datvirTvisa da dasvenebis urTierTmonacvleobis sistema damok-
idebulia imaze, Tu moZraobis rogori xarisxis srulyofas gvsurs mi-
vaRwioT.
swavlebis mesame etapze aucilebelia progresirebis principis moTx-
ovnebis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba. cikluri struqturis mqone moZraobiTi
moqmedebebisas Cvevis ganmtkiceba da srulyofa SedarebiT advilia da
amis miRweva SeiZleba moZraobaTa gameorebis gansakuTrebuli organi-
zaciiT. fexburTSi moZraobaTa absoluturi umetesoba acikluri xasi-
aTisaa, rac Cvevis Camoyalibebisas did sirTuleebTanaa dakavSirebuli.
kerZod ki, fexburTSi moZraobiTi Cvevis srulyofis pirobebi siste-
maturad icvleba, adgili aqvs moZraobiTi amocanis mudmiv cvalebado-
bas. am da sxva sirTuleebis daZleva moiTxovs fizikuri da fsiqikuri
Tvisebebis yovelmxriv ganviTarebas, organizmis funqcionaluri Sesa-
Zleblobebis ganuxrelad amaRlebas.

teqnikuri xerxebis klasifikacia

fexburTis TamaSis teqnikis klasifikacia gulisxmobs teqnikuri xe-
rxebis ganawilebas jgufebad saerTo specifikuri niSnebis mixedviT.
saTamaSo moqmedebebis xasiaTiT fexburTis TamaSSi arCeven or Zir-
iTad ganayofs:
1. moedanze gadaadgilebis teqnika;
2. burTis flobis teqnika.
TiToeuli ganayofi Sedgeba konkretuli teqnikuri xerxebisagan.
gadaadgilebis teqnikur xerxebs iyeneben mindvris moTamaSeebic da me-
kareebic – inarCuneben ra moqmedebaTa saerTo da ZiriTad meqanizms.
teqnikuri xerxebi gansxvavdebian Sesrulebis detalebiT.
burTiT TamaSis teqnikur xerxebs miekuTvneba: burTis dartyma,

42
burTis gaCereba, burTis tareba, burTis warTmeva, cru moZraobebi
(fintebi), burTis mowodeba (auti), mekaris teqnika, moedanze gadaadg-
ilebis teqnika.
teqnikis Sesaxeb garkveuli warmodgenis Seqmnis Semdeg Cven Sevec-
debiT gagacnoT ZiriTadi teqnikuri xerxebi, rogor xdeba maTi Ses-
ruleba da ra saxis varjiSebia saWiro swavlebis procesSi.
terfis wveriT dartyma. davdoT burTi gazonze da gadavwyvitoT,
romeli fexiT vapirebT dartymas. Tu marjvenaTi, maSin davdgeT bur-
Tis ukan 10-15 sm-is manZilze ise, rom fexi imyofebodes burTis sa-
pirispirod, xolo Tu marcxenaTi, maSin imave manZilze da odnav marcx-
niv. marcxena fexi sayrdenia.
dartymis Sesrulebisas marjvena fexi gavitanoT ukan, Semdeg mov-
iqnioT da mivmarToT burTisken ise, rom terfis wveri Seexos burTis
centrs. yuradReba mivaqcioT, rom terfis wveri mimarTuli iyos win.
damrtymeli fexis moZraobisas, romelic axlos unda iyos sayrdeni
fexTan, saWiroa misi myisieri gamarTva, Tumca burTTan Sexebis momen-
tSi is odnav ixreba. dartymis mimarTuleba damokidebulia imaze, Tu
ra ZaliT da rogori kuTxiT sruldeba dartyma. (nax. 1)

nax. 1.

gamorbeniT dartymisas ramdenime nabijiT davixioT ukan ise, rom

marcxena fexi davdgaT marcxniv da burTis odnav ukan. terfis wveriT
dartyma rTuli Sesasrulebelia, radganac burTs exeba terfis mcire
monakveTi, rac xSirad iwvevs burTis aWras. Tumca terfis wveriT darty-
mas aqvs Tavisi dadebiTi mxareebic: maRalia burTis moZraobis siCqare,
dartyma SeiZleba Sesruldes mokle gamorbeniT da fexis SeumCneveli
moZraobiT. mekareebs Zalian uWirT aseTi dartymebis mogerieba.

43
 varjiSebi

SevexoT burTis centrs terfis wveriT

davdgeT burTTan ise, rogorc zemoT aRvwereT. mTeli yuradRe-
ba mivaqcioT, rom terfis wveri Seexos burTis centrs. jer nu da-
vartyamT, mxolod burTs SevexoT, raTa SeveCvioT mis centrTan kon-
taqts. gavimeoroT es varjiSi 20-30-jer.

uZrav burTze adgilidan dartyma

davdgeT savarjiSo kedlidan ramdenime nabijze da daartyiT mar-
jvena fexiT uZrav burTze (25-jer).
gavimeoroT igive varjiSi gamorbeniT savarjiSo kedelTan.
savaraudo Secdomebi:
1. sayrdeni fexi Sorsaa burTisgan. amis gamo damrtymeli fexi ver
wvdeba burTs da igi SeiZleba gamarTul mdgomareobaSi Seexos mas.
terfis wveriT dartyma mouxerxebelia. (nax. 2)
2. am SemTxvevaSi sayrdeni fexi burTisgan saTanado manZilzea, ma-
gram terfis wveri gareTaa mibrunebuli. dartymis Sesruleba am SemTx-
vevaSic gaZnelebulia.
3. Secdoma imaSi mdgomareobs, rom fexis wveri ar Seexo burTis cen-
trs da burTic ganze wavida.

nax. 2.

terfis SemaRlebiT dartyma

burTze dartyma SeiZleba terfis Sua SemaRlebiT, terfis Sida naw-
iliT.
axla gavaanalizoT Sua SemaRlebiT dartymis Sesruleba.
marjvena fexis Sua SemaRlebiT dartymis Sesrulebisas, marcxe-
na fexis wveri burTis gverdiT an odnav winaa, marjvena fexi burTis
mopirdapired da odnav ukan.
axla movxaroT marjvena da gavitanoT ukan, Semdeg mkveTri moZrao-
biT SevecadoT Sua SemaRlebiT SevexoT burTis centrs.

44
 dartymis momentSi marcxena fexi (sayrdeni) moxrili iqneba, burTze
Sexebisas TiTqos mxolod miyveba burTs (acilebs) da muxli imarTeba.
gamorbeniT dartymisas unda SevinarCunoT fexebis iseTive mdgomareo-
ba, rogorc es gavakeTeT adgilidan dartymisas. es erT-erTi ZiriTa-
di dartymaa. burTis traeqtoria damokidebulia imaze, Tu dartymis
momentSi ramdenad CamorCeba burTs sayrdeni fexi. Sua SemaRlebiT
SesaZlebelia burTis sxvadaxva ZaliTa da sizustiT nebismieri mimar-
TulebiT gagzavna. (nax. 3)

nax. 3.

varjiSebi

1. Sua SemaRlebiT dartyma

davdgeT burTis win da SevecadoT marjvena fexis Sua SemaRlebiT
daartyas. magram jer davkmayofildeT mxolod fexis burTTan SexebiT.
yuradReba mivaqcioT sayrdeni fexis mdgomareobas, rom burTTan Sexebi-
sas koW-wvivis saxsari iyos gamagrebuli, raTa Sua SemaRlebiT dartyma
ganxorcieldes burTis centrSi. SevasruloT es varjiSi 25-30-jer.

2. savarjiSo kedelTan
davdgeT kedelidan aTi nabijis manZilze. am adgilidan Sevasru-
loT^ marjvena fexis Sua SemaRlebiT 50 dartyma. yuradReba mivaqcioT
ara dartymis Zalas, aramed mis sworxazovnad Sesrulebas. winaswar mo-
viniSnoT daxazul kedelze adgili, saiTac vgzavniT burTs.

3. gamorbeniT uZrav burze dartyma

TxuTmeti nabijis manZilidan gamorbeniT SevasruloT 50 dartyma
terfis Sua SemaRlebiT.

4. sagani kedlis win

davdgeT kedelTan 10-15 nabijis daSorebiT. kedlis SuaSi davdoT

45
 nebismieri sagani. SevasruloT 30 dartyma gamorbeniT da SevecadoT,
movartyaT burTi sagans.

5. varjiSi xesTan
davdgeT erTmaneTis mopirdapired xisgan 10-15 nabijis daSorebiT.
gamorbeniT rigrigobiT SevasruloT dartymebi (Sua SemaRlebiT) da
SevecadoT movaxvedroT burTi xes. (nax. 4)

nax. 4.
dadgaT nebismieri sagani (vTqvaT, vedro) moednis SuagulSi. gan-
vlagdeT sagnis sxvadasxva mxares da SevejibroT erTmaneTs _ vin ufro
metjer moaxvedrebs burTs sagans (vedros), an Seucvlis mas adgils.
dartyma sruldeba adgilidan, an gamorbeniT, Tanabari manZilidan. mo-
vilaparakoT da daviweroT 1 qula, Tu burTi sagans mxolod moxvdeba,
da 2 qula – Tu vedro gadaadgildeba. (nax. 5)

nax. 5.

ori mekare
gavakeToT ori kari erTmaneTisgan TxuTmeti nabijis daSorebiT.
Zelebi moniSneT qvebiT an aguriT. terfis Sua SemaRlebiT rigrigobiT
gavartyaT karSi rogorc adgilidan, ise gamorbeniT.
erTi urtyams – meore mekarea.

46
 savaraudo Secdomebi:
1. dartymis momentSi sayrdeni fexi Sorsaa burTisgan, damrtymeli
fexi Zlivs wvdeba burTs. (nax. 6).

nax.6.

2. gamorbeni sruldeba ara sworxazovnad, aramed gverdidan. amitom

orive fexi aRmoCnda iseT mdgomareobaSi, rom dartyma mouxerxebelia.
3. dartyma ar Sesrulda burTis centrSi – burTi moiWra. (nax. 7)

nax. 7

4. dartymis momzadeba swori iyo, magram burTTan Sexebisas fexis

wveri aRmoCnda Sebrunebuli sayrdeni fexisken. amitom fexis ufro
didi farTobiT burTTan kontaqti ar moxerxda.
5. igive Secdoma, oRond fexi gareTaa Sebrunebuli.

dartyma SemaRlebis Sida nawiliT

sruldeba iseve, rogorc Sua SemaRlebiT, magram ukanasknel momen-
tSi damrtymeli fexis wveri mibrunebulia gareTa mxares. Tu gvina ase-
Ti dartymis Sesruleba, maSin marjvena fexi davdgaT ara win, aramed
gverdze, moednis im mxares, saiTac vapirebT burTis gagzavnas, xolo

47
 naxevradmoxrili marcxena fexi burTisgan odnav ukan da marcxniv unda
darCes. damrtymeli fexi gavitanoT ukan.
Tu damrtymeli fexis muxls gavitanT win, burTi wava dabla.
imisaTvis, rom burTi maRla wavides, saWiroa muxli ar mivitanoT
burTamde da dartyma SevasruloT burTis qveda nawilSi. (nax. 8)

nax. 8.

varjiSebi
burTTan misvla
davdgeT burTis ukan im kuTxiT, saiTac vapirebT burTis gagzavnas.
SevasruloT yvelaferi ise, rogorc aRwerilia marjvena fexiT darty-
mis SemTxvevaSi. jer mxolod SevexoT burTs da gavimeoroT es 20-jer
ise, rom burTTan Sexebis momentSi marjvena fexis muxli gavitanoT win.

varjiSo kedelTan
davdgeT kedelTan marjvena mxriT. davartyaT burTs SemaRlebis
Sida nawiliT. movaxvedroT burTi kedlis zeda nawils 20-jer, Semdeg
centrSi, da a.S. (nax. 9)

nax. 9.

48
 wridan wreSi
2-3-metriani diametris wreSi 15-20 nabijis distanciidan SevecadoT
gavgzavnoT burTi mowinaaRmdegis wreSi. dartyma sruldeba terfis
SemaRlebiT nax. 10)

nax. 10.

xazidan xazis gadacilebiT

igive varjiSi, rac iyo wridan wreSi, oRond amjerad gadavaciloT
burTi xazs. (nax. 11)

nax. 11.

savaraudo Secdomebi:
1. sayrdeni fexi Zalian axlosaa burTTan da gverdze dartyma gar-
Tulebulia (nax. 12);

nax. 12.

49
 2. sayrdeni fexi Zalian Sorsaa burTisgan da damrtymeli fexi exeba
ara burTis centrs, aramed mis uaxloes nawils. am SemTxvevaSi burTi
midis ara damrtymeli fexisgan marcxniv, aramed iWreba marjvniv. es
Secdoma xSirad xdeba arazusti gadacemebis mizezi.

terfis SemaRlebis gareTa nawiliT dartyma

aseTi dartymis Sesasruleblad saWiroa sayrdeni fexi davdgaT
burTisgan gverdiT da ukan, 10-15 sm-is daSorebiT. damrtymeli fexis
wveri Setrialebulia SigniT. fexis moqnevis momentSi, is exeba burTis
qveda nawils. fexi gamagrebulia koW-wvivis saxsarSi, xolo tani gadax-
rilia win. (nax. 13)

nax. 13.

SemaRlebis gareTa nawilis dartymis Sesaswavlad rekomendirebu-

lia igive varjiSebi, rasac viyenebdiT Sua SemaRlebis dros.

savaraudo Secdomebi
1. sayrdeni fexi araa saTanado manZilze
daSorebuli burTisgan. (nax. 14.)

2. sayrdeni fexi Sorsaa burTisgan. darty-

ma sustia da burTi migoravs mindorze.
(nax. 15)

nax. 14.

nax. 15.

50
 meore done

teqnikuri momzadeba
TamaSis teqnika – esaa burTis flobis xelovneba, romelic gulisx-
mobs sxvadasxva dartymebs fexiT da TaviT, gaCerebebs, burTis tarebas,
cru moZraobebs da sxva.
teqnikuri ostatobis zrdaze pirdapir moqmedebs Tanamedrove fex-
burTis ganviTarebis tendenciebi. iseT pirobebSi, roca fexburTelTa
individualuri orTabrZola Setevis warmatebis gadamwyveti faqtori
xdeba, teqnikuri xerxebis Sesrulebis roli mniSvnelovnad matulobs.
fexburTelTa sportuli momzadebis procesi mWidrodaa dakavSirebu-
li TamaSis teqnikis srulyofasTan.
teqnikuri xerxebis Sesrulebis xarisxi mudmivad unda maRldebodes.
teqnikuri zrdis wyaroa bavSvTa da mozardTa fexburTis organizaci-
uli ganviTareba, saswavlo-sawvrTno muSaobis moculobisa da xarisxis
zrda. aranakleb mniSvnelovania wvrTnis individualuri meTodis gam-
oyeneba. misi praqtikuli danergva xels uwyobs fexburTelTa mxridan
teqnikaSi mecadineobis mimarT seriozuli damokidebulebis Camoyal-
ibebas.
teqnikuri xerxebis swrafad dauflebis xelSemwyobi saSualebaa
swavlebisa da wvrTnis procesSi specialuri mowyobilobebis (damxmare
inventaris), teqnikuri xerxebis ukeT demonstrirebisTvis saswavlo ki-
no-filmebisa da sxva video-masalis gamoyeneba.
teqnikuri xerxis Seswavla da misi aTviseba araa sakmarisi. aucile-
belia misi zustad da swrafad gamoyeneba sxvadsxva, mudmivad cvale-
bad situaciebSi. rogorc vxedavT, teqnikuri xerxebis Sesrulebis
siswrafes udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs. aseve didi mniSvneloba eniWeba
teqnikuri xerxis ~SeniRbvas”. dRes warmatebas aRweven is fexburTele-
bi, romlebic moZraobebiT axerxeben ZiriTadi Canafiqris dafarvas. am-
itom, ~SeniRbva” fexburTelTa teqnikuri ostatobis ganuyofeli naw-
ilia.
teqnikuri xerxis swavlebisas pirvel rigSi aucilebelia Sesaswav-
li xerxis ZiriTadi elementebis daufleba. ase magaliTad: dartymisas
mTavaria kargad SeviswavloT sayrdeni fexis mdgomareoba da Semdeg
gadavideT teqnikuri xerxis detalur dauflebaze.
swavlebis dawyebisas kargad unda gvqondes warmodgenili Sesaswav-
li teqnikuri xerxis Sesrulebis Taviseburebani, rogor unda Sesrul-
des sworad esa Tu is teqnikuri xerxi.
mniSvnelovania Tavdapirvelad kargad daveufloT martivi te-
qnikuri xerxebis Sesrulebas. swavlis procesSi Zalian mniSvnelova-
nia davafiqsiroT da davadginoT teqnikuri xerxis Sesrulebis dros
daSvebuli Secdomebi.
xSirad Secdomebis mizezi susti fizikuri momzadebis donea. amis
dadgena mniSvnelovani momentia momecadinisaTvis.

51
 swavlebisa da wvrTnis erT-erTi mTavaria amocanaa fexburTis te-
qnikis srulyofilad daufleba. mocemuli amocanis Sesasruleblad
aucilebelia:
1. TamaSis Tanamedrove teqnikuri xerxebis daufleba da sxvadasxva
pirobebSi maTi srulyofilad Sesruleba;
2. teqnikuri xerxebis sxvadasxva TanmimdevrobiT Sesruleba;
3. teqnikuri xerxebis im kompleqsebis daufleba, romelTa gamoyene-
ba fexburTels xSirad uxdeba Tavisi saTamaSo funqciidan gamomdinare;
4. teqnikuri xerxebis Sesrulebis xarisxis mudmivad amaRleba.

teqnika, romlis srulyofac martiv pirobebSi moxda, ar aris maRa-

li Sedegebis miRwevis garantia. Sesaswavli moZraobis Sesrulebis
pirobebSi gamudmebiT unda icvlebodes, raTa gamomuSavebul iqnas
Cvevebis variatuloba rogorc dartymebisa da gadacemebis, ise sxva
tenikuri xerxebis Sesrulebis dros. Sesaswavli xerxebis ganmtkiceba
xdeba saswavlo TamaSebsa da SejibrebebSi monawileobiT.

terfis gareTa nawiliT dartyma

ufro xSirad terfis gareTa nawiliT dartyma sruldeba, rode-
sac burTi mogoravs Cvenken. aseTi dartymis Sesrulebisas marjvena
fexi davdgaT Cvengan marjvniv, marcxena ki burTidan naxevari nabijiT
marcxniv da odnav ukan. aseTi dartyma sakmaod iSviaTad gvxdeba Tama-
Sis procesSi. (nax. 16)

nax. 16.

qusliT dartyma
Tu gvinda burTze dartyma marjvena fexis qusliT, maSin unda da-
vdgeT burTis marcxena mxares ise, rom marjvena imyofebodes bur-
Tidan terfis sigrZeze. orive fexis wverebi mimarTulia win. am md-
gomareobidan gadavataroT fexi burTs da Semdeg, mkveTri moZraobiT
ukan – qusliT SevasruloT dartyma burTis qveda nawilSi. (nax. 17)

52
 nax. 17.

varjiSebi

gavakeToT ori nabijis siganis kari, davdoT burTi 5 metris daSo-

rebiT. davdgeT zurgiT burTisken da quslis dartymiT gadavgzavnoT
burTi karSi. warmatebis SemTxvevaSi gavzardoT manZili karidan.
davdgeT patara karis orive mxares da SevejibroT erTmaneTs – vin
ufro met burTs gaitans.

savaraudo Secdomebi
1. damrtymeli fexi gavitanoT ukan im momentSi, roca sayrdeni fexi
ukve burTis ukanaa. (nax. 18)

nax. 18.

2. ver movaxerxeT qusliT SevxebodiT burTis centrs da amitom

dartyma moiWra. (nax. 19)

53
 nax. 19.

3. qusliT gverdze dartyma ar moxerxda imitom, rom dartymis

momentSi sayrdeni fexi ar gavitaneT win saWiro manZilze da man gza
gadauRoba burTs. (nax. 20)

nax. 20.

moWrili dartyma terfis gareTa SemaRlebiT

dartymis momzadeba iseve xdeba, rogorc gareTa SemaRlebiT darty-
misas. magram burTma rom itrialos gareTa mxares, saWiroa dartyma ara
burTis centrSi, aramed burTis im nawilSi, romelic ufro axlosaa
sayrden fexTan. jer vexebiT burTs terfis SemaRlebis nawiliT, ro-
melic ufro axlosaa fexis TiTebTan, Semdeg vasrulebT moZraobas
sayrdeni fexis mxares da burTs vaSorebT fexs im momentSi, roca is
aRmoCndeba centrSi, an axlos quslTan. (nax. 21)

54
 nax. 21.

savaraudo Secdomebi:
1. terfis SemaRlebis gareTa nawiliT moWrisas SevexeT burTis im
nawils, romelic Zalian axlosaa mis centrTan da amitom burTi brun-
viT moZraobas ver iZens.
2. burTma ver SeZlo brunviTi moZraoba imitom, rom damrtymeli fex-
is moZraoba mimarTuli iyo ara sayrdeni fexis mxares, aramed mxolod
win, rogorc xdeboda SemaRlebis am nawiliT Cveulebrivi dartymisas.

moWrili dartyma SemaRlebis Sida nawiliT

Tu dartyma xorcieldeba marjvena fexiT, maSin gamorbeni sruldeba
burTis marcxena mxridan. sayrdeni fexi gverdze da burTis odnav uka-
naa. SemaRlebis Sida nawiliT dartyma sruldeba burTis im monakveTSi,
romelic Sorsaa sayrdeni fexisgan. fexi TiTqos miyveba burTs da uz-
runvelyofs mis brunviT moZraobas sakuTari RerZis garSemo. (nax. 22)

nax. 22.

55
 dartyma burTze, romelic moZraobs moTamaSis win
Tu gvinda davartyaT burTze, romelic moTamaSis moZraobis mimar-
TulebiT mogoravs, maSin unda davewioT burTs, davdgaT sayrdeni fexi
burTis win da dartyma SevasruloT im momentSi, roca burTi migoravs
sayrdeni fexis siaxloves.

varjiSebi
1. davdgeT burTis odnav ukan. terfis nebismieri nawiliT davartyaT
ise, rom burTi moZraobdes win. gavimeoroT es 20-30-jer.
2. mivyvebiT mgorav burTs da susti dartymebiT vagzavniT patara
karSi. gavimeoroT es varjiSi 25-jer.
3. 3-4 nabijis siganis karSi 15 nabijis manZilidan vinc met burTs
gaitans isaa gamarjvebuli.
4. momecadineebi iyofian or jgufad da 25-30 nabijis daSorebiT
moniSnuli xazebidan gzavnian burTs win. Semdeg ewevian burTs da ga-
dascemen partniors, romelic Tavis mxriv igives akeTebs. (nax. 23)

nax. 23

dartyma burTze, romelic moZraobs moTamaSisken

TamaSis procesSi Cvensken mgorav burTze dartyma xorcieldeba
karis aRebis mizniT, burTis mogeriebisas da sxvadasxva gadacemebis
Sesrulebisas.
burTze, romelic moZraobs moTamaSisken, dartyma xdeba iseve, ro-
gorc uZrav burTze. unda gaviTvaliswinoT, ra SemTxvevaSi midis bur-
Ti maRla. misTvis dabali traeqtoriis misacemad dartymisas saWiroa
damrtymeli fexi ufro didxans iyos moxrili. (nax. 24)

nax. 24.

56
 varjiSebi
1. burTis dartymebi savarjiSo kedelTan. jer miznad visaxavT Se-
darebiT advili amocanis gadaWras: burTi movaxvedroT kedlis nebi-
smier nawilSi. Semdeg movniSnoT kedelze gansazRvruli adgilebi da
vcadoT maTi mizanSi amoReba.
2. erTi fexburTeli dgas karSi, meore sxvadasxva xerxiT asrulebs
dartymebs. mekare eufleba burTs da ubrunebs partniors. periodu-
lad icvlian adgilebs.
3. movawyoT dabali kari da davikavoT adgili mis orive mxares.
Semxvedr burTs rigrigobiT davartyaT sxvadasxva xerxiT da vecadoT
mis karSi gatanas.
4. davdgeT erTmaneTis sapirispirod 10 metris daSorebiT. Semovx-
azoT 2 nabijis diametris wreebi da SevecadoT sakuTari wridan burTi
partnioris wreSi gadavgzavnoT. unda gaviTvaliswinoT dartymis Zala
da sizuste.

SesaZlebeli Secdomebi
1. ar davelodeT im moments, roca burTi aRmoCndeba sayrdeni fex-
is gaswvriv. es gvaiZulebs dartyma SevasruloT TiTqmis gamarTuli
fexiT. amasTan erTad, burTi agordeba SemaRlebis maRal wertilze da
misi frenis traeqtoriac Zalian maRali iqneba. (nax. 25)

nax. 25.

2. burTisken moZraobisas avcdiT misi moZraobis xazs, amitom fexi

ver movaxvedreT burTis centrs da misi frenis traeqtoriac aras-
worxazovania. (nax. 26)

57
 nax. 26.

Tavszemodan dartyma
TamaSisas am dartymas viyenebT maSin, roca ufro martivi xerxis
gamoyeneba SeuZlebelia. mas ZiriTadad mcvelebi asruleben.

Tavszemodan dartymisas sayrdeni fexi unda imyofebodes burTis-

gan odnav ukan. roca burTi mxris simaRlezea, aucilebelia tanis ukan
gatana; avwioT damrtymeli fexi maRla da davartyaT burTs qveda naw-
ilSi ise, rom burTis traeqtoria mimarTuli iyos ara maRla, aramed
ukan. burTs unda SevexoT maSin, roca fexis wveri maRla iqneba mimar-
Tuli. sayrdeni fexi movxaroT da aviwioT fexis wverze, raTa burTis
moZraobis traeqtoria iyos dabali. aq saWiroa burTs dartyma mivay-
enoT maqsimalurad dabal wertilSi. es SesaZlebelia zurgze dacemis
SemTxvevaSi. (nax. 27)

nax. 27

varjiSebi

1. davdgeT zurgiT erTmaneTisgan ramdenime nabijis daSorebiT,

avagdoT burTi xeliT da SevasruloT Tavs zemodan dartyma.
2. movniSnoT 4-5 nabijis diametris ori wre. TiToeuli Tqvengani
dgeba Tavis wreSi, erTmaneTisken zurgSeqceviT. Semdeg vurtyamT Tav-
szemodan ise, rom burTi wreSi daeSvas. (nax. 28)

58
 nax. 28

3. ramdenime nabijis diametris wreSi dgeba erTi fexburTeli. da-

narCenebi nawildebian wyvilebSi sxvadasxva mxares. wris gareT mdgari
mewyvileebi erTmaneTs rig-rigobiT ugdeben burTs Tavszemodan darty-
mis Sesasruleblad. dartymis Semsrulebeli wrisken zurgiT dgas da
unda ecados, burTi wreSi mdgom partniors moaxvedros, is ki Tavis
mxriv burTs Semdeg wyvils gadascems. (nax. 29)

nax. 29.

savaraudo Secdomebi:
1. fexis wveri mimarTulia ara maRla, aramed win. burTTan Sexeba
moxda burTis qveda nawilSi, amitom burTi wavida maRla. (nax. 30)

nax. 30

59
 2. ar iqna gaTvaliswinebuli dartymis momenti da burTi acda fexs.
(nax. 31)

nax. 31

naxtomSi TaviT dartyma

naxtomSi TaviT dartyma SeiZleba Sesruldes Tavis gverdiTi naw-
ilebiT (nax. 32) da SubliT naxtomSi (nax. 33). gamorbeniT naxtomSi um-
jobesia cal fexze arekni, xolo adgilidan – orive fexze. gamorbeniT
dartyma ufro Zlieria. TaviT TamaSi ukeT exerxebaT maRali tanis
fexburTelebs.

varjiSebi
1. kedlidan dabrunebul burTs isev vurtyamT kedlisken. dartyme-
bi naxtomSi da naxtomis gareSe erTmaneTs enacvleba.
2. partniorebi ramdenime nabijze imyofebian erTmaneTisgan. erTi
awvdis meores burTs TaviT dasartymelad da Semdeg erTmaneTs enacv-
lebian.
3. davdgeT erTmaneTisgan 15 nabijis daSorebiT. erTi awvdis burTs
meores, rom man SeZlos naxtomSi TaviT dartyma. varjiSi SeiZleba Ses-
ruldes kedelTanac. partniorebi periodulad icvlebian.

60
 nax. 32 nax. 33

savaraudo Secdomebi
1. adgilidan SubliT dartymamde erTi fexi davdgiT meores win,
ramac gaaZnela tanis ukan gatana. dartyma susti gamodga. (nax. 34)

nax. 34

2. naxtomi adre Sesrulda da burTi Tavs acda. (nax. 35)

nax. 35

61
 mesame done

teqnikis srulyofis xerxebi

burTis flobis teqnikis srulyofis meTodebi specialuri xasiaTi-
saa. isini mowodebulni arian gadaWran ara martivi moZraobiTi Cvevebis
formirebis sakiTxebi, aramed xeli Seuwyon maT ganmtkicebas da aamaR-
lon saTamaSo pirobebSi maTi gamoyenebis saimedoba.
moZraobiTi Cvevebis mdgradobis asamaRleblad iyeneben mravalmx-
rivi momzadebis, mosamzadebeli varjiSis, moZraobiTi Cvevebis Sinagan
da garegan pirobebTan Seguebis, axali ritmebis da analizatorebis
srulyofis meTodebs.

mravalmxrivi momzadebis meTodi. fexburTelTa teqnikuri momza-

debis safuZvels mravalmxrivi fizikuri da teqnikuri moZraoba war-
moadgens. Zalzed mniSvnelovania, rom yvela varjiSi Tavisi struqtu-
riTa da xasiaTiT maqsimalurad uaxlovdebodes ZiriTad moZraobiT
Cvevebs. ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom moZraobis xarisxs, romelic moZ-
raobiTi Cvevis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis, mravalmxrivi fizikuri momzade-
ba uzrunvelyofs. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos simarjvis, rogorc
fizikuri Tvisebis, ganviTarebis didi mniSvneloba, romelic garemos
cvalebadi pirobebisa da sportuli brZolis mimarT maRali Semgueb-
lobiTi unariT xasiaTdeba.
moZraoba sruldeba sxva moZraobebTan kavSirSi, sxvadasxva saTamaSo
situaciebSi da fexburTelTa sxvadasxvagvari mdgomareobis pirobeb-
Si. Zalzed mniSvnelovania, SevuqmnaT moTamaSes damatebiTi, e.w. ~saTa-
darigo” pirobiTi kavSirebi. amisaTvis unda gamoviyenoT burTis Jan-
glireba, nebismieri varjiSi da sxva xerxebi. yuradReba unda mivaqcioT
moZraobis sizustes (Zalis dozirebas, saxsrebis moZravunarianobas,
simarjves).
burTis flobis teqnikis asaTviseblad gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelo-
ba eniWeba statikuri Zalis zemoqmedebas, ama Tu im saxsris swrafad
da droulad gamagrebas. simZimeebiT varjiSi am miznis ganxorcielebis
upirvelesi saSualebaa.

mosamzadebeli varjiSebis meTodebi. isini xels uwyoben nervul-kun-

Turi aparatis mzadyofnaSi moyvanas teqnikuri xerxis Sesasruleblad.
es SesaZlebelia gamartivebul da standartul pirobebSi teqnikuri xe-
rxis mTlianobaSi Sesrulebis damxmare varjiSebis sworad gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi.

moZraobiTi Cvevebis ganmtkicebis meTodebi. moZraobiTi Cvevebis

ganmtkicebis ZiriTadi meTodia moZraobis mravaljeradi gameoreba.
moZraobisaTvis aucilebeli efeqtis uzrunvelsayofad saWiroa gameo-

62
rebaTa Soris Sesvenebebis optimaluri reJimis dadgena. amave mizniT
iyeneben iseT varjiSebze gadarTvas, romlebic xels uwyoben dadebiTi
emocionaluri mdgomareobis SenarCunebas. organizmSi fiziologiuri
procesebis inertulobis gaTvaliswinebiT, varjiSebis garTulebisas
aucilebelia swori Tanmimdevrobis dacva.

moZraobiTi Cvevebis ganviTarebis meTodebi. rogorc viciT, kunTebi

Zalis wyaroa da roca isini asruleben samuSaos, adgili aqvs kunTur
Zalisxmevasa da gareSe Zalebs Soris urTierTqmedebebs. igulisxme-
ba simZimis Zala, xaxunis Zala, metoqis winaaRmdegoba da a.S.. amitom
aucilebelia gareSe Zalebis faqtorebis zusti diferencireba, anu
kunTur Zalasa da gareSe Zalebis faqtorebs Soris urTierTmoqmedeba.
amasTan dakavSirebiT, fexburTelisaTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania
moZraobisa da Zalisxmevis parametrebis drosa da sivrceSi diferen-
cirebis unaris arseboba, radgan ~sivrcis aRqmis gareSe ar arsebobs
moZraobis sizuste, xolo drois aRqmis gareSe araa gansazRvruli moZ-
raobis siCqare, SeuZlebelia moZraobis siCqaris saTanadod Secvla”
(v.s. farfeli).
Sesabamisad, saWiroa zusti SegrZnebebis aRzrda, amisTvis ki
aucilebelia: 1. droisa da sivrcis zusti aRqma da Sefaseba, sivrceSi
koordinaciis xarisxis Sefaseba; 2. burTis frenis manZilis, misi tare-
bisas nabijis sigrZisa da sixSiris gansazRvris da a.S. SesaZleblobebis
gamomuSaveba.
moZraobiTi Cvevebis Sinagan da garegan pirobebTan Seguebis meTodi.
teqnikuri xerxebis Sesruleba cvlad saTamaSo situaciebSi garegan da
Sinagan pirobebTan adaptaciis ZiriTadi meTodia. amitom, aucilebelia
sawvrTno procesis pirobebis gamravalferovneba (varjiSis xasiaTis,
datvirTvis sididis, mecadineobis adgilis cvla).
rekomendirebulia varjiSebis Tanmimdevrobisa da pirobebis mo-
nacvleoba. aseve cvlian standartul pirobebs axali orientirebis,
damatebiTi sagnebis Semotanis saSualebiT.
didi mniSvneloba aqvs fexburTelTa mier moZraobis formisa da
Sesrulebis xasiaTis varirebas moZraobiTi amocanis Sesabamisad, anu
erTi saxis moZraobidan meoreze gadarTvas, acikluri moZraobis daw-
yebidan mis dasrulebamde, rogorc erT mTlianobaSi aRqmas. amis miR-
weva SeiZleba sxvadasxva xerxebis Sesrulebisas maTi Tanmimdevrobis
varirebis gziT. teqnikuri xerxebis variatulobis gamomuSaveba xdeba
mecadineobisa da Sejibrebebis pirobebis cvlilebis fonze.
formirebuli Cveva SeiZleba advilad dairRves sxvadasxva saxis xe-
lSemSleli faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT (gadaRla, moZraobiTi amocanis
mudmivad da gadaWarbebiT garTuleba da a.S.)
axali ritmebis aTvisebis meTodebi. ritmi Cvevis formirebis proce-
sis gaumjobesebis mTavari pirobaa. kunTebis SekumSvis dinamikisa da
ritmis marTva – moZraobiTi Cvevis marTvis erT-erTi amocanaa. fex-

63
 burTels unda SeeZlos moZraobis tempisa da Sefasebis regulireba.
am SemTxvevaSi did rols TamaSobs TviTSefaseba, TviTkontroli, rom-
lebic mdgradi reaqciebis gamomuSavebis ZiriTadi saSualebebia.
varjiSis dros erTi tempidan meoreze gadasvla xels uwyobs axali
ritmebis aTvisebas. aseT varjiSebs miekuTvneba varjiSebi, romlebic
mocemul distanciaze mocemuli siCqariT sruldeba. aqve unda aRiniS-
nos, rom garbenebis gameorebaTa Soris xdeba siCqaris regulireba. ms-
gavsi varjiSebi fexburTels saSualebas aZlevs garTulebul pirobeb-
Si SeinarCunos moZraobis mudmivi tempi, rac yovelTvis mniSvnelovania
metoqesTan orTabrZolis dros.

analizatorebis srulyofis meTodebi. moZraobiTi moqmedebebis

efeqturobis asamaRleblad fexburTels unda SeeZlos sxvadasxva
analizatoris gamoyeneba. pirvel rigSi es exeba mxedvelobiT da smeniT
analizatorebs da maTi saSualebiT mopovebuli informaciebis Sefase-
bas. aseTi unaris gamomuSaveba SesaZlebelia specialuri varjiSebis sa-
SualebiT. amave mizans emsaxureba informacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogori
Sefardebaa muSaobis tempsa da moZraobis Sesrulebaze daxarjul dros
Soris.

burTis gaCereba terfis Sida nawiliT

burTi, romelic moTamaSisaken mogoravs, xel-
sayrelia gavaCeroT terfis Sida nawiliT. burT-
Tan Sexebamde sayrdeni fexis terfi burTis moZ-
raobis paralelurad unda idges. fexi, romliTac
burTis gaCerebas vapirebT, sayrden fexze odnav
ukan unda iyos gatanili (nax. 36). Tu terfi pirda-
piri kuTxiT exeba burTs, burTi moTamaSis pirda-
pir gagordeba, xolo Tu gverdiT, maSin – marcxniv
an marjvniv. rac ufro rbilia gaCereba, miT nak-
lebia fexidan arekni.

nax. 36

moZravi burTis terfis ZiriT gaCereba

terfis ZiriT burTis gaCerebisas saWiroa odnav moxrili fexi gavi-
tanoT burTis Sesaxvedrad. am dros terfis wveri mimarTulia maRla
(nax. 37). gaCerebis sirbile damokidebulia fexis ukan gatanaze burT-
Tan Sexebis momentSi. am dros tani odnav moxrilia.

64
 nax. 37

varjiSebi
1. davdgeT erTmaneTis sapirispirod ramdenime nabijis daSorebiT.
rigrigobiT gadavceT burTi erTmaneTs da gavaCeroT xan terfis Zir-
iT, xan terfis Sida nawiliT. dartymebi sxvadasxva siZlierisaa, manZi-
li partniorebs Soris mudmivad icvleba.
2. davxazoT ori nabijis diametris mqone oTxi wre. davdgeT nebi-
smier wreSi da vagzavnoT burTi partniorisagan Tavisufal wreSi.
partniori cdilobs burTis wreSi gaCerebas. Tu ver axerxebs, maSin
mowinaaRmdeges qula ewereba. (nax. 38)

nax. 38

savaraudo Secdomebi
1. terfis Sida nawiliT burTis gaCerebisas sayrdeni fexis wveri
mibrunebulia gareT. mouxerxebelia terfis Semobruneba pirdapiri
kuTxiT burTis moZraobis mimarT. (nax. 39)

65
 nax. 39

2. terfis ZiriT burTis gaCerebisas fexis wveri mimarTulia win da

ara maRla. amitom burTi gacda fexs. (nax. 40)

nax. 40

zemodan qvemoT moZrabvi burTis terfis Sida nawiliT gaCereba

burTi, romelic maRlidan dabla eS-
veba, SeiZleba terfis Sida nawiliT iseve
gavaCeroT, rogorc terfis ZiriT. bur-
Tis gaCerebamde orive fexis wveri mimar-
Tulia win. ganvsazRvroT burTis mi-
wasTan Sexebis momenti, odnav gavitanoT
fexi ukan da amavdroulad fexiswveri
movatrialoT gareT ise, rom terfebma
Seqmnan pirdapiri kuTxe burTis moZrao-
bis mimarT. burTis mindorTan Sexebisas,
fexs vwevT odnav maRla da terfis Sina
nawils vafarebT burTs. (nax. 41) nax. 41

66
 varjiSebi
1. visroloT burTi kedlisken xeliT da areknis Semdeg ganvsazRv-
roT misi miwasTan Sexebis adgili, raTa gavaCeroT terfis ZiriT an
terfis Sida nawiliT.
2. erT-erTi Tqvengani mekarea, romelic burTs sxvadasxva simaRleze
gigdebT. gaaCereT burTi terfis ZiriT an terfis Sida nawiliT da
daartyiT karSi. periodulad SecvaleT adgilebi.

savaraudo Secdomebi
1. ver gansazRvreT burTis miwasTan Sexebis momenti, fexi adre avwi-
eT da burTi gaZvra fexqveS, e.i. ar moeswro burTis dafarva.
2. ar movaduneT terfis kunTebi da Zalian Zlierad davaweqiT
burTs, amitom burTi win gavarda. (nax. 42)

nax. 42

terfis SemaRlebis Sida nawiliT burTis gaCereba

da misi gverdiT gatana
am xerxis Sesasruleblad saWiroa burTis
daSvebis adgilis gansazRvra, raTa ar mivceT
burTs miwidan areknis saSualeba da moxerxdes
misi romelime mxares tareba. es moqmedebebi unda
sruldebodes erTmaneTis miyolebiT pauzis ga-
reSe. (nax. 43)

nax. 43

burTis TaviT gaCereba

iseve, rogorc fexiT gaCerebis yvela varianti, TaviT gaCerebac
damokidebulia damTmob moZraobaze. roca burTi gviaxlovdeba, gave-
SuroT mis Sesaxvedrad, aviwioT fexis wverebze, ukanasknel momentSi
movixaroT muxlebSi, erTi fexi davdgaT meores win da Tavi CavrgoT
mxrebSi. aseT dros burTi TiTqmis ar airekneba Tavidan. (nax. 44)

67
 nax. 44

burTis mkerdiT gaCereba

burTis daxvedrisas mkerdi gazneqilia win, xolo masTan Sexebis mo-
mentSi, myisierad vixrebiT win ise, rom burTi darCes moTamaSes. (nax. 45)

nax. 45

burTis tareba
burTis tareba TamaSis mniSvnelovani xerxia. xSirad aucilebelia
burTiT gadaadgileba ukeTes poziciaze gasasvlelad. yovelTvis araa
SesaZlebeli gadacemis gakeTeba, an karSi dartyma, magram burTis tare-

68
ba saWiroa ise, rom mowinaaRmdegem ver moaxerxos misi CaWra. tareba
sruldeba sirbilis dros burTze fexis dartymebiT. es dartymebi unda
iyos iseTi, rom burTi fexidan aireknos saWiro manZilze. roca mowi-
naaRmdege Sens siaxlovesaa, aucilebelia burTis kontroli, zogierT
SemTxvevaSi siCqaris cvlac. burTis tarebis dros Tavi maRlaa aweuli,
raTa SegveZlos situaciis Sefaseba. Tu burTi sworxazovnad moZraobs,
maSin masze dartymebi xdeba SemaRlebis gareTa nawiliT. sxva SemTxveva-
Si ki SemaRlebis SigniTa nawiliT. tareba mizanSewonilia orive fexiT,
sxvadasxva TanmimdevrobiT.

varjiSebi
1. davxazoT wre da SevecadoT wris garSemo burTis tarebas ise,
rom man xazi ar gadakveTos. marjvena fexiT tarebisas fexburTeli
moZraobs saaTis isris sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT, xolo marcxena
fexiT tarebisas – saaTis isris mimarTulebiT. tareba sruldeba ter-
fis SemaRlebis Sida nawiliT. (nax. 46)

nax. 46

2. davxazoT 20-25 nabijis sigrZis ori paraleluri xazi erTmaneTis-

gan sami nabijis daSorebiT. ~derefnis” bolos davdoT raime sagani,
romelic mudmivad xedvis areSia. vataroT burTi ise, rom is ar gavides
~derefnidan”. (nax. 47)

nax. 47

69
 cru moZraobebi (fintebi)
finti – es aris cru moZraoba taniT an fexebiT. moTamaSe, romelsac
utevs mowinaaRmdege, cdilobs tani gadaxaros marjvniv an marcxniv,
amavdroulad igive mimarTulebiT asrulebs moZraobas fexiT, raTa
SecdomaSi Seiyvanos mowinaaRmdege. misi Canafiqris mizania Seacdinos
metoqe da aiZulos igi, imave mimarTulebiT daiwyos moZraoba. aseT
SemTxvevaSi fexburTeli Seecdeba burTianad wavides sapirispiro mx-
ares. es xdeba ise swrafad, rom raRac momentSi metoqes aRar rCeba
burTis warTmevis Sansi. (nax. 48)

nax. 48.

fintebi uamravia. aris fintebi, romelTac esa Tu is fexburTeli

imdenad srulyofilad asrulebs, rom igi misi ~safirmo niSani” xdeba.
cru moZraobebis srulyofilad daufleba maRali teqnikuri ostato-
bis maniSnebelia. (nax. 49)

nax. 49

70
 swrafad moZraobisas vadgamT fexs
burTs, TiTqos misi gaCereba gvinda, Sem-
deg ki uceb vacilebT fexs da isev ganva-
grZobT moZraobas win. (nax. 50)

nax. 50

varjiSebi
1. burTis nel tempSi tarebisas SevecadoT moZraobis mkveTrad da-
muxruWebas da mimarTulebis cvlas marcxniv, marjvniv, 180º-iT da a.S.
2. gavirbinoT swrafad 15-20 nabiji, Semdeg mkveTrad davamuxruWoT
da ukusvliT gaviqceT sawinaaRmdego mxares. gavimeoroT es varjiSi
5-10-jer.
3. gavirbinoT ramdenime metri moZraobis mimarTulebis diagonal-
ze, marjvniv, marcxniv, a.S.
4. burTis tarebisas gavCerdeT, viTom vasrulebT gadacemas war-
mosaxviTi partnioris misamarTiT. mere gadavataroT burTs fexi,
movbrundeT 180º-iT da gavagrZeloT burTis tareba sawinaaRmdego mx-
ares.

burTis mowodeba autidan

burTs awvdian ori xeliT, roca is gadakveTs gverdiT xazs da datovebs
moedans. burTis mowodeba sruldeba Tavs zemodan. sasurvelia, rom am
dros cera TiTebi erTmaneTs exebodnen. xelebi moxrilia idayvebSi. mox-
rili fexebidan erT-erTi meoreze winaa, tani ukanaa gadaxrili. ukana
fexi energiulad gavasworoT, tanis simZime gadavitanoT win da bolo
momentSi xelebis moZraobiT mivawodoT burTi partniors. mowodebis Ses-
ruleba SeiZleba gamorbeniTac. mowodebisas fexebis miwidan mocileba,
wesebis Tanaxmad, aakrZalulia, vidre burTs xelebi exeba. (nax. 51)

nax. 51

71
 varjiSebi
1. davdgeT kedelTan da mowodeba SevasruloT wesebis sruli
dacviT. ramdenime nabijis manZilidan ara Zlierad gavgzavnoT burTi
kedlisken. yuradReba eqceva fexebis mdgomareobas. manZils kedlamde
TandaTan vzrdiT.
2. vdgebiT 8-10 nabijis manZilze wyvilebSi da vasrulebT mowodebas
wesebis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.

savaraudo Secdomebi
1. burTi jer kidev xelSi gvaqvs, Cven ki fexi movacileT miwas.
2. burTi avwieT Tavs zemoT da ar gavitaneT Tavs ukan.
3. mowodebisas fexi davabijeT xazs.
4. movawodeT burTi erTi xeliT.

72
 (pirveli done)

fizikuri momzadeba

fizikuri momzadeba saswavlo-sawvrTno procesis mniSvnelovani ga-

nayofia. fizikuri momzadeba aris fizikuri unar-Tvisebebis aRzrdis
procesi, romelic mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli organizmis saerTo fun-
qcionalur SesaZleblobaTa amaRlebasTan, fizikur ganviTarebasTan da
janmrTelobis yovelmxriv ganmtkicebasTan. fizikuri momzadeba piro-
biTad iyofa _ saerTo da specialur momzadebad. saswavlo-sawvrTno
procesSi fizikuri momzadebis es ori mxare mWidro urTierTkavSirSia.
faxburTelis saerTo fizikuri momzadebis amocanaa _ fizikuri
Sromisunarianobis SesaZleblobebis yovelmxrivi aRzrda. am mizniT
ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba saerTo donis amaRlebis ganmaviTarebeli var-
jiSebi da varjiSebi sportis sxva saxeobebidan, romlebic saerTo zemo-
qmedebas axdenen momecadineTa organizmze. garda amisa, adgili aqvs
sayrdeni aparatis ganviTarebasa da ganmtkicebas, Sinagani organoebisa
da sistemebis srulyofas _ umjobesdeba moZraobis koordinacia, Cqar-
deba moZraobiTi Tvisebebis ganviTarebis tempi.
varjiSTa umravlesoba, romlebic saerTo fizikuri momzadebis am-
aRlebis mizniT gamoiyeneba, mravalmxriv zemoqmedebas axdens orga-
nizmze, magram yoveli maTgani amave dros mimarTulia ama Tu im Tvise-
bis ganviTarebisaken. ase mag: xangrZlivi sirbili ZiriTadad xels
uwyobs gamZleobis ganviTarebas, aCqarebebi mokle manZilze aviTarebs
siswrafes, xolo tanvarjiSuli varjiSebi ki _ moqnilobas da a.S.
specialuri fizikuri momzadebis mizania fexburTelisaTvis damax-
asiaTebeli fizikuri Tvisebebisa da funqcionaluri SesaZleblobebis
ganviTareba-srulyofa. fexburTelis mier gamoyenebuli moZraobiTi
moqmedebebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mudmivad cvladi intensioba. maRa-
li intensiobis kunTur muSaobas xSirad cvlis dabali aqtivoba da
zogierT SemTxvevaSi SedarebiTi dasvenebis mdgomareobis periodebi.
aCqarebebs, adgilidan swrafad moZraobis dawyebas, xtomebs mosdevs
zomieri msubuqi sirbili, siaruli da gaCerebebi moZraobis mimar-
Tulebis, ritmisa da tempis cvalebadobiT. yvelaferi es dakavSire-
bulia garkveul fizikur datvirTvebTan, mniSvnelovan funqcionalur
ZvrebTan vegetatiuri procesebis mimdinareobasTan, pirvel rigSi ki _
nivTierebaTa cvlasTan da sisxlis mimoqcevis sistemebis moqmedebas-
Tan.
unda aRiniSnos, rom fexburTelTa saTamaSo moqmedebebi marto
xtomebiT, sirbiliTa da siaruliT ar Semoifargleba. fexburTelTa
moZraobebi gacilebiT rTulia. moqmedebs ra gansazRvruli siCqariT
drois xangrZliv monakveTSi da Tanac orTabrZolis pirobebSi, fexbur-
Telma unda SeZlos sruliad warmoudgenel sawyis poziciebSi (vard-
na, xtoma, erTi sayrdenis mdgomareoba) burTis aramarto efeqturad

73
 floba, aramed unda gadaWras rTuli taqtikuri amocanebi. rac ufro
kargad floben fexburTelebi burTs, azrovneben da gadaadgildebian
moedanze, miT ufro sainteresoa fexburTi, rogorc sanaxaoba. swored
amitom, fexburTelis fizikuri momzadeba unda xdebodes fexburTel-
Ta saTamaSo moqmedebebis xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT.
specialuri varjiSebiT, romlebic xels uwyoben fizikuri Tvise-
bebis ganviTarebas, paralellurad SeiZleba calkeuli teqnikuri xe-
rxebis srulyofac.
fizikuri momzadebisaTvis ufro xSirad gamoiyeneba gameorebiTi in-
tervaluri, cvalebadi, saTamaSo da saSejibro meTodebi.
fexburTSi mravalwliuri momzadebis procesSi saerTo da speci-
lur fizikur momzadebas Soris Sefardeba mudmivad icvleba sportu-
li ostatobis srulyofasTan erTad. sawvrTnel procesSi ganuxrelad
matulobs specialuri fizikuri momzadebis xvedriTi wili.
fexburTelis saerTo da specialur fizikur momzadebulobaSi ZiriT-
ad rols TamaSobs iseTi fizikuri Tvisebebi, rogoricaa: Zala, gamZleo-
ba, siswrafe, moqniloba da simarjve. swored es fizikuri Tvisebebi gan-
sazRvraven fexburTelis moZraobiTi SesaZleblobebis dones. fizikuri
Tvisebebis ganviTareba _ erTiani sawvrTneli procesis nawilia.
swavlebis dawyebiT etapze fizikuri momzadeba aucilebelia orga-
nizmis yovelmxrivi ganviTarebisa da ZiriTadi moZraobiTi funqciebis
sworad CamoyalibebisaTis. eqsperimentalurad dadasturebulia: bur-
Tis flobis ZiriTadi xerxebis dauflebis simtkice bevradaa damok-
idebuli fizikuri Tvisebebis saerTo doneze. moswavleTa asakobrivi
Taviseburebani saSualebas gvaZlevs gamiznulad viqmedoT iseTi Tvise-
bebis ganviTarebaze, rogoricaa: moqniloba, simarjve, siswrafe da
swraf-Zalismieri Tvisebebi.
specializaciis etapze fizikuri momzadeba mimarTulia siswarfis,
simarjvis, swraf-Zalismieri Tvisebebis, Zalis da gamZleobis ganvi-
Tarebisaken. mozardis organizmi erTis mxriv gvaZlevs fizikuri dat-
virTvebis gazrdis saSualebas da meores mxriv moiTxovs aRdgenisaTis
sakmaod xangrZliv dros. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva Zalismieri
SesaZleblobebisa da gamZleobis ganviTarebis srulyofis varjiSebs.
sportuli srulyofis etapze fizikuri momzadeba ufro metad
aSkarad gamoxatuli specialuri mimarTulebisaa, vidre amas adg-
ili hqonda dawyebiTi da specializaciis etapebis dros. organizmis
formirebis dasasruls momzadeba sul ufro uaxlovdeba didebis
maRal kvalifikacias, magram WabukTa funqcionaluri SesaZleblobebi
didebis mxolod 70-80%-s aRwevs. amitom, Wabuk fexburTelTa momza-
deba aucileblad unda kontrolirdebodes. organizmis funqciaTa da
sistemebis ganviTarebis maRali done saSualebas iZleva aqcenti gakeT-
des fizikuri momzadebis iseTi Tvisebebis ganviTarebaze, rogoricaa
gamZleoba da Zala. amasTan erTad imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom Wabuk fex-
burTelTa siswrafis, simarjvis da moqnilobis maCveneblebi TandaTan

74
uaresdeba, aucilebelia am Tvisebebis srulyofis gagrZeleba adekva-
turi saSualebebis gamoyenebis xarjze.

simarjvis ganviTareba
simarjve _ rTuli kompleqsuri Tvisebaa, romelsac gaaCnia Se-
fasebis erTiani kriteriumi. simarjvis Sefaseba Semdegi maCveneblebis
mixedviT xdeba: moZraobis koordinaciuli sirTule, misi Sesrulebis
sizuste da Sesrulebis dro (fexburTSi esaa minimaluri dro situaci-
is Secvlis momentidan sapasuxo moqmedebebis dawyebamde).
fexburTelis simarjvis realizacia upirveles yovlisa mimdinare-
obs mudmivad cvalebadi situaciebis pirobebSi burTiT da uburToT
moqmedebebis Sesrulebisas.
moedanze gadaadgileba, sxvadasxva saxis teqnikur-taqtikuri moq-
medebebi, burTze dartymebi _ yvelaferi es fexburTelisagan moiTx-
ovs koordinaciuli SesaZleblobebis mravalmxriv gamovlinebas. Tu
aRniSnuls imasac davumatebT, rom fexburTelis moZraobiTi da te-
qnikuri moqmedebebi sruldeba orTabrZolis pirobebSi da sxvadasxva
sawyisi poziciebidan, mudmivad cvalebad situaciebsa da gansxvavve-
bul klimatur pirobebSi, gasagebi iqneba, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba aqvs
fexburTelisaTvis simarjvis, rogorc Tvisebis, ganviTarebis maRal
dones. imaze, Tu ramdenad srulyofilad flobs fexburTeli saku-
Tar moZraobiT aparats da ra donezea ganviTarebuli moZraobiTi
SesaZleblobani, bevrad aris damokidebuli siswrafis, sizustis gam-
ovlineba da xerxebis droulad Sesruleba.
simarjvis srulyofisaTvis aucilebelia axali moZraobebis dau-
fleba. am SemTxvevaSi nacnobi Cvevebis bazaze ufro advilia axali
Cvevebis formireba.
sportis TeoriaSi kargadaa cnobili `eqstrapoliaciis~ cneba, rac
nacnobi moZraobiTi Cvevebis bazaze axali sapasuxo moqmedebebis swra-
fad formirebis unars niSnavs. TamaSis dros fexburTels uxdeba ise-
Ti moZraobiTi moqmedebebis Sesruleba, romelTac wvrTnis procesSi,
rogorc wesi, naklebi yuradReba eqceva. magram saTamaSo situaciaSi,
roca sxva gamosavali araa, fexburTeli xSirad iyenebs ucnob moZ-
raobas. es SesaZlebeli xdeba imitom, rom fexburTeli kargad flobs
mravalferovan moZraobiT Cvevebs da konkretul saTamaSo situaciaSi
axerxebs `axali xerxis~ gamoyeenebas.
rac ufro mdidaria fexburTelis koordinaciuli SesaZleblobani,
miT ufro maRalia eqstrapoliacia. bunebrivia, koordinaciul Sesa-
Zleblobebs safuZveli eyreba bavSvobisa da Wabukobis asakSi. rasak-
virvelia, es ar niSnavs imas, rom kvalificirebuli fexburTeli araa
valdebuli mudmivad cdilobdes am Tvisebis ganviTarebas da sruly-
ofas. piriqiT, nebismieri kvalifikaciis fexburTeli valdebulia
valdebulia mudmivad cdilobdes am mniSvnelovani fizikuri Tvisebis

75
 ganviTarebas da srulyofas. amrigad unda gvaxsovdes, rom simarjve
specifikuri Tvisebaa da misi `gadatana~ TamaSSi sakmaod SezRudulia.
xSiria SemTxveva, roca fexburTeli wvrTnis procesSi kargad flobs
sakuTar saxeuls, axerxebs rTuli koordinaciuli moZraobebis Ses-
rulebas, magram TamaSis dros elementarul situaciebSi uWirs igives
gakeTeba. amasTan dakavSirebiT, simarjvis ganviTareba mizanSewonil-
ia im saSualebebis daxmarebiT, rac xels Seuwyobs `SeZenili~ Cvevebis
TamaSis procesSi gamoyenebas.
koordinaciuli SesaZleblobebis gaumjobesebaze dadebiT zemoq-
medebas axdens akrobatikis, batutze xtomebis, moZravi da sportuli
TamaSebis gamoyeneba. simarjvis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia iseTi
varjiSebiT mecadineoba, romelTa ZiriTadi mimarTuleba teqnikuri
ostatobis srulyofaa, gansakuTrebiT ki mudmivad cvalebadi situa-
ciebisa da drois deficitis pirobebSi.
simarjvis _ Tvisebis srulyofisaTvis rekomendirebulia iseTi var-
jiSebi, romlebic erTdroulad zemoqmedeben rogorc moZraobiT da
vestibularul, aseve mxedvelobiT analizatorebze.
moZraobebi, romlebic damaxasiaTebelia simarjvisaTvis, fexbur-
Telisagan moiTxoven drosa da sivrceSi am moZraobebis Sesrulebi-
saTvis aucilebel Zalisxmevis `diferencirebas~. mokled, simarjviseu-
li moZraobis Sesruleba moiTxovs swraf Zalas, romlis gamovlinebac
drois gansazRvrul monakveTSi unda moxdes, imisaTis, rom sivrceSi
absoluturad zustad Sesruldes. simarjve aris Tviseba, romelic
aerTianebs Zalas da siswrafes.
simarjvis, iseve, rogorc Zalis da siswrafis ganviTarebisas, swra-
fad viTardeba daRla. amasTan erTad simarjvis ganviTarebis varjiSebis
Sesruleba moiTxovs kunTuri SegrZnebebis maRal sizustes da daRl-
is SemTxvevaSi misi efeqti dabalia, amitom, aucilebelia dasvenebis in-
tervalebis imdagvarad regulireba, romelic sakmarisi iqneba TiTqmis
srulyofili aRdgenisaTvis, xolo TviTon varjiSebi Sesruldeba maSin,
roca gaqreba wina datvirTvisagan ganviTarebuli daRlilobis kvali.
fexburTelis mier `feTqebadi~ Zalis, siswrafis da simarjvis SeZena
sakmaod rTuli procesia da amitom masze muSaoba mTeli sportuli cx-
ovrebis manZilze unda mimdinareobdes. maTi ganviTarebis mimarT gansa-
kuTrebuli yuradRebis gamoCenaa saWiro imdenad, ramdenadac es Tvise-
bebi gansazRvraven fexburTelTa saTamaSo moqmedebebis efeqturobas.
Wabuk fexburTelebSi simarjvis ganviTarebisas unda gvaxsovdes:
rac met moZraobiT moqmedebebs euflebian fexburTelebi momzadebis
dawyebiT etapze, miT ufro advilad xdeba axali moZraobebis formire-
ba, miT ufro mravalferovania teqnikuri arsenali. simarjvis varjiSe-
bis dagegmva ukeTesia gakveTilis mosamzadebel da ZiriTadi nawilis
dasawyisSi, roca momecadineebs jer kdiev ar ganuviTardaT daRla.

76
 dawyebiTi sawavlebis etapze simarjvis ganviTarebis ZiriTad sa-
Sualebas warmoadgens varjiSebi fexburTidan, tanvarjiSidan, akro-
batikidan, moZravi da sportuli TamaSebidan. varjiSebi fexburTidan
mimarTulia specialuri simarjvis ganviTarebisaken, romlebic saSuale-
bas aZlevs mozardebs daeuflos burTis flobis teqnikur xerxebs da
Sesabamisad gamoiyenos isini TamaSSi. varjiSebi sportis sxva saxeo-
bebidan xels uwyobs zogadad simarjvis ganviTarebas, mravalferovani
moZraobiTi Cvevebis aTvisebas, rac aucilebelia fexburTelisaTvis,
amasTan dakavSirebiT sportis sxva saxeobebidan varjiSebis gamoyeneba
araTu sasurvelia, aramed xSir SemTxvevaSi aucilebelicaa.
specializaciis etapze simarjvis ganviTarebis ZiriTad saSuale-
bebad rCeba varjiSebi fexburTidan da tanvarjiSidan, akrobatikidan
da mZleosnobidan, moZravi da sportuli TamaSebidan. organizmis sul
ufro mzardi funqcionaluri SesaZleblobebi moiTxovs varjiSebis
mudmivad garTulebas axali elementebis CarTviT.
sportuli srulyofis etapze simarjvis ganviTarebis saSualebebad
zemoTaRniSnuli saSualebebi rCeba, Tumca am varjiSebis Sesrulebisas
sirTule matulobs, xolo Sinaarsi mudmivad icvleba axali elemen-
tebis Semotanis xarjze.
simarjvis ganviTarebisaTis rekomendirebulia:
- specialuri varjiSebi fexburTidan: fexiT dartyma uZrav burTze,
dartyma burTze, romelic migoravs da dartyma haerSi moZrav burTze:
aseve moWrili dartymebi sizusteze; naxtomSi da moZraobaSi TaviT
dartyma; burTis tareba mimarTulebis cvliT, cru moZraobebi mowi-
naaRmdegesTan orTabrZolisas; varjiSebi da TamaSebi individualuri
da jgufuri teqnikuri moqmedebebis dros; burTis gadacemebi sxva-
dasxva xerxiT da traeqtoriiT; saTamaSo xasiaTis varjiSebi wyvilebSi
da sameulebSi: varjiSebi `kvadratSi~ 2×1, 3×1, 5×2, 4×2, da a.S.; erTi
SexebiT TamaSi:; TamaSi 3×3, 4×4, 5×5, 6×6-ze patara moedanze.
_ akrobatuli varjiSebi: sxvadasxva saxis kotrialebi; kotrialebis
seriebi; maTi cvalebadoba sxva saxis moqmedebebTan da a.S.
_ tanvarjiSuli varjiSebi: varjiSTa kombinaciebi; xtomebis kombi-
naciebi _ brunebi _ 180 da 360 gradusze; dabali startebi 5-10 metris
manZilze da maTi kombinaciebi sxva moqmedebebTan erTad.
_ mZleosnuri varjiSebi: xtomebi cali da orive fexis arekniT;
gadaadgileba sirbilis da xtomebis SenacvlebiT: sirbilis dros brun-
vebi 180 da 360 gradusiT.; barierebze xtomebi sirbilTan monacvle-
obiT; gamorbeniT sigrZeze da simaRleze xtomebi; sammagi xtomebi;
xtomebisa da sirbilis kombinaciebi.
_ moZravi TamaSebi: SerCeva mecadineobis amocanebis Sesabamisad.
_ sportuli TamaSebi: kalaTburTi, xelburTi, frenburTi da sxva.

77
 siswrafis ganviTareba
cnobilia, rom moZraobis siswrafe damokidebulia nervuli pro-
cesebis xarisxze, kunTebis elastiurobaze, Zalaze da saxsrebis moZ-
ravunarianobaze.
rac ufro elastiuria kunTi, miT ufro metia misi `gawelvis~ unari.
optimalurad `gawelili~ kunTi didi ZaliT da swrafad ikumSeba. Zli-
er kunTs SeuZlia iolad daZlios garegani winaaRmdegoba. saxsrebis
maRali moZravunarianoba ganapirobebs moZraobis maRali amplitudiT
Sesrulebas.
siswrafis ganviTarebis ZiriTad meTods moZraobis maqsimaluri siC-
qariT gameoreba warmoadgens.
fexburTelTa sawvrTnel procesSi siswrafis ganviTarebisaTvis re-
komendirebulia specialuri varjiSebi, romlebic aumjobeseben kun-
Tebis SekumSvis unars, maT elastiurobasa da Zalas, saxsrebis moZ-
ravunarianobas.
siswrafis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi saSualebaa gameorebiTi sirbili
maqsimaluri siCqariT mokle manZilze, romelic sxvadasxva sastarto
poziciidan sruldeba.
siswrafis ganviTarebaze muSaobisas aucilebelia Semdegi moTx-
ovnis Sesruleba: yoveli Semdgomi varjiSi fexburTelma unda Seasru-
los misTvis SesaZlebeli maqsimaluri siCqariT. varjiSis ganmeorebiT
Sesrulebisas siCqaris dacema imas migvaniSnebs, rom mizanSewonili ar
aris misi gagrZeleba, radganac moZraobis siswrafis klebasTan erTad
mcirdeba specialuri wvrTnis efeqturoba. Tu fexburTeli ver axerx-
ebs Sesvenebis gareSe distanciis Semdgomi monakveTebis imave siCqariT
dafarvas, romelsac adgili hqonda wina garebenebSi, maSin saWiroa aR-
dgenisaTvis aucilebeli dasvenebis micema. es fexburTels saSualebas
aZlevs gaimeoros varjiSi ara marto imave siCqariT, aramed sakmaod
xSirad ufro maRali siCqariTac.
Sesvenebis intervalebis gansazRvra xdeba fexburTelis subieqturi
SegrZnebebis safuZvelze, xolo varjiSTa gameorebis raodenoba damok-
idebulia maTi Sesrulebis xangrZlivobaze, mecadineobis miznebze da
sxva.
specialistebi gvTavazoben Semdeg rekomendaciebs: 5-10 wm-is xangr-
Zlivobis specialuri varjiSis 2-3 jer gameorebas; 10-dan 60 metram-
de distanciis monakveTebis 2-4 jer gameorebas. `siCqaris~ gamovlineba
didadaa damokidebuli fexburTelis sxeulis konstituciaze. siste-
maturi muSaobis Sedegad SesaZlebelia misi maRal doneze ganviTareba
da xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi SenarCuneba. amasTan erTad iTvleba,
rom siswrafis ganviTarebisaTvis saukeTeso saSualebaa 5-dan 60 me-
tramde distanciis burTiT da uburToT gameorebiTi sirbiliT da-
farva.
imisaTvis, rom Tavidan aviciloT varjiSis gameorebiTi Sesrulebi-
sas siswrafis stabilizacia, rekomendirebulia ukve `Camoyalibebul~

78
siswrafeze ufro swrafad Sesruleba _ imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mok-
le distanciaze moZraobis tempis `ganmtkicebis~ SemTxvevaSi adgili
aRar aqvs Sedegebis zrdas.
siswrafis ganviTarebaze muSaobisas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba daZab-
ulobisa da modunebis urTierTmonacvleobas. rogorc wesi, modunebis
unaris daufleba xdeba moZraobis mTeli ZaliT Sesrulebis procesSi.
varjiSis maqsimaluri siCqariT gameoreba dakavSirebulia nebelobiTi
Tvisebebis ganviTarebasTan. amitom am Tvisebis ganviTarebis procesSi
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva nebisyofis aRzrdas.
imis gamo, rom maqsimaluri intensiobiT muSaoba maRal moTxovnebs
uyenebs fexburTelis organizms da mis nervul-kunTur sistemas, siC-
qarze muSaoba moiTxovs safuZvlian saerTo da specialur fizikur
momzadebas. unda aRiniSnos, rom mokle distanciaze siCqaris mateba
damokidebulia sastarto siswrafis reaqciaze da nabijis sixSireze,
rac aucilebelia sxeulis masis inerciis gadasalaxavad, ganviTarebuli
maRali siCqaris SesanarCuneblad mTeli distanciis bolomde. swored
amitom, siswrafis ganviTarebisaTis fexburTelebi iyeneben simZimee-
biT varjiSebs, iaraRis tyorcnas, cvalebad rbenas da a.S. Tavis mxriv
siswrafis ganviTareba dadebiT gavlenas axdens fexburTelis Zalis,
gamZleobis da simarjvis ganviTarebaze.
siswrafis ganviTarebas win unda uswrebdes saerTo gamZleobis gan-
viTareba. mravalwliuri gamocdileba da specialuri gamokvlevebi
gviCveneben, rom zamTarSi da gazafxulis dasaswisSi gamarTlebulia
Zalaze da gamZleobaze muSaoba. siswrafeze muSaobis moculoba SesamC-
nevad matulobs maissa da ivlisis TveebSi.
TamaSi da saTamaSo xasiaTis varjiSebi wvrTnis procesSi im saxiT,
rasac adgili aqvs praqtikaSi, umetes wilad warmoadgenen simarjveze
(moZraobis koordinacia) da gamZleobaze (cvalebadi intensiobiT
Sesvenebis gareSe gadaadgileba) muSaobas, SedarebiT naklebad _ sis-
wrafeze (maqsimaluri intensiobiT muSaobis elementebi) da kidev ufro
naklebad _ Zalaze. (dartymebi, orTabrZola da a.S).
fiziologiuri gamokvlevebis safuZvelze rekomendirebulia iseTi
varjiSebi, romlebic uSualod siswrafis, rogorc fizikuri Tvisebis,
ganviTarebas uwyobs xels.

am mizniT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT Semdegi saxis varjiSebi:

- ganmeorebiTi sirbili maqsimaluri siCqariT mokle distanciebze
(20-dan 150 metramde) sxvadasxva sastarto mdgomareobidan;
- cvalebadi sirbili 800-dan _ 1500 metramde;
- sirbili xtomebiT;
- maqoseburi sirbili;
- sirbili burTiT da Semdeg karSi dartyma, an gadacema partnioris
misamarTiT;

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 -sirbili winaaRmdegobebis gverdis avliT;
- sirbili moZraobis mimarTulebis cvliT;
- estafetebi (2×40m; 3×40m; 2×60m; 3×100)
_ sigrZeze xtomebi;
- sportuli TamaSebi: kalaTburTi, xelburTi da sxva.
specialuri momzadebis amocanebis gadasaWrelad rekomendirebu-
lia varjiSTa Semdegi jgufebi:
fexis kunTebis ganmaviTarebeli varjiSebi _ Cajdomebi simZimeebiT,
Cajdomebi cal fexze, xtomebi fexebis monacvleobiT, burTis warTmeva
fexiT, burTze dartymebi, varjiSebi partniorTan erTad winaaRmdego-
bis daZleviT.
varjiSebi moqnilobaze: ZiriTadi dgomidan `xidze~ gadasvla, wels
zemoT tanis triali _ `borbali~, sxvadasxva saxis akrobatuli var-
jiSebi.
daZabulobisa da modunebis varjiSTa monacvleoba: cru moZraobebi
(fintebi), burTis dartymebi vardnaSi, kotriali burTiT da uburToT,
sxvadasxva saxis zneqebi da a.S.
mecadineobis procesSi mizanSewonilia fexis kunTebis ganmaviTare-
beli 3-5 varjiSis Catareba, 3-5-jer gameorebiTi sirbili uburTod da
maqsimaluri siCqariT mokle distanciebze 8-10 _ jer burTiT.
unda aRiniSnos, rom gameorebiTi sirbili burTiT, siswrafis gan-
viTarebis TvalsazrisiT nakleb efeqturia vidre uburToT, radgan
burTTan erTad fexburTels ar SeuZlia maqsimaluri siCqariT moZ-
raoba. amave dros fexburTelisaTis mniSvnelovania ara marto sir-
bilis siCqare, aramed burTis damuSavebis siswrafec, orientireba da
reaqcia, teqnikuri xerxebis Sesrulebisas siCqaris varireba. amitom,
burTis flobis teqnikaze varjiSebs (tareba, gaCerebebi, cru moZrao-
bebi da a.S.) wvrTnis procesSi bevrad meti dro unda daeTmos, vidre
sirbilis siCqaris ganviTarebis xelSemwyob varjiSebs.
gamZleobaze muSaobis Semdeg gaZnelebulia organizmis Segueba Cqa-
rosnuli varjiSebis mimarT. imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom igi moiTxovs
nervul-moZraobiTi aparatis nervul-reguliatoruli (sisxlis mimo-
qceva, sunTqva da organizmis sxva sistemebi) meqanizmebis swraf CarT-
vas.
fexburTelis siswrafis ganviTarebisa da SenarCunebisas didi mniS-
vneloba eniWeba muSaobisa da dasvenebis Sefardebas.
yoveli varjiSis Semdeg, romelic sruldeba maqsimaluri siCqariT
aucilebelia dasveneba manamde, vidre fexburTeli ar darwmundeba,
rom varjiSis gameorebis SemTxvevaSi siCqare ufro dabali ar iqneba.
siCqaris Tvisebebis srulyofisaTvis rekomendirebulia rbeniTi da
saTamaSo varjiSebis sistematiurad gamoyeneba.

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 martiv situaciaSi sastarto siCqaris amaRlebis varjiSebia:
- mxedvelobiT niSanze tanis sxvadasxva mdgomareobidan sastarto
aCqarebebi;
- xtomebi sxvadasxva sawyisi mdgomareobidan;
- varjiSebi fexburTidan: mxedvelobiT niSanze aCqarebebi burTiT
tarebis Semdeg; dgarebs Soris moZraoba da aCqareba; aCqareba kedlidan
asxletili burTis dasaufleblad; aCqareba karSi gadamwyveti darty-
mis Sesasruleblad; xtomebi maRali gadacemis karSi dasartymelad da
msgavsi varjiSebi.

rTul situaciaSi sastarto siCqaris asamaRleblad rekomendirebu-

lia varjiSebi:
- sirbili sakuTar `CrdilTan~ erTad. ori moTamaSe nebismieri tem-
piT moZraobs. pirveli maTgani asrulebs sxvadasxva seriul moZrao-
bebs: axtoma maRla, brunebi haerSi, aCqarebebi 5-7 metrze _ meore im-
eorebs pirvelis moZraobebs da. a.S.

startebi sxvadasxva niSanze.

varianti 1. fexburTelebi nel tempSi moZraoben burTTan erTad.
pedagogis mxedvelobiT niSanze swrafad iReben starts marcxnidan mar-
jvniv, aCereben burTs, 1800-iT brundebian da asruleben aCqarebas win.
2 varianti. moTamaSeebi 2-3 metris intervaliT moZraoben erTmane-
Tis ukan. pedagogis niSanze iwyeben aCqarebas, marcxena mxridan Caur-
benen rigs da xdebian liderebi. mxedvelobiTi da xmovani signalebi
erTmaneTs enacvleba.
msgavsi varjiSebis mofiqreba mravlad SeiZleba. yvelaferi damok-
idebulia pedagogis kvalifikaciaze.
saTamaSo varjiSebi sruldeba moTamaSeTa Semdegi raodenobiT: 2×1,
3×1, 4×1, 5×2, 4×2-ze da a.S.

81
 meore done

moqnilobis ganviTareba
moqniloba _ es aris fizikuri Tviseba, romlis arsic moZraobis
didi amplitudiT SesrulebaSi mdgomareobs. moqnilobis xarisxi damok-
idebulia ama Tu im saxsarSi gamavali kunTebis da saxsrebis elasti-
urobaze. kunTis elastiuroba icvleba centraluri nervuli sistemis
zemoqmedebiT (maRali emocionalurobis fonze moqniloba izrdeba),
garemos temperaturis cvalebadobiT (temperaturis zrdasTan erTad
matulobs elastiuroba), dReRamis ganmavlobaSi (diliT dabalia, vidre
saRamos) da asakis Sesabamisad.
fexburTelis saxsrebis arasakmarisi moZravunarianobis SemTxvevaSi
garkveul problemebs aqvs adgili:
a) qveiTdeba moZraobiTi Cvevebis dauflebis tempi;
b) ufro xSiria dazianebebi;
g) gaZnelebulia moZraobiTi Tvisebebis ganviTarebis garkveuli do-
nis srulad gamoyeneba;
d) moZraobis SezRuduli amplituda aqveiTebs moqmedebis Ses-
rulebis siswrafes, rasac Tan sdevs kunTebSi daZabulobis mateba.
arCeven ori saxis moqnilobas: aqtiurs da pasiurs. pasiur moqnilo-
bas adgili aqvs garegani Zalebis gamoyenebisas, rogoricaa: partniori,
savarjiSo iaraRi da sxva. aqtiur moqnilobaSi gulisxmoben saxsrebSi
maqsimalurad SesaZlebel moZraobas, romlis gamovlinebac fexbur-
Tels uxdeba damoukideblad, mxolod sakuTari kunTebis Zalis gamoy-
enebiT. pasiuri moZraobebi sruldeba kunTebis gaSliT, aqtiuri ki _
SekumSviT. arsebobs mosazreba, rom moqnilobis ganviTarebis xarisxi
pirvel rigSi damokidebulia kunTebis `gawelvis~ unarze. amitom, wvrT-
nis procesSi iyeneben varjiSebs simZimeebiT. gamokvlevebi ki gviCven-
eben, rom kunTebis erTi jgufis maqsimalurad SekumSva da moZraobis
maRali amplitudis didxans SenarCuneba uzrunvelyofs antagonisturi
kunTebis ufro metad `gawelvisaTvis~ aucilebeli pirobebis Seqmnas.
moqnilobis ganviTarebis optimalur meTods aqtiuri moZraobis
kompleqsuri gamoyeneba warmoadgens, romlebic antagonistur kunTebs
Soris normalur koordinaciul urTierTobebs uzrunvelyofs. amasTan
erTad kunTebis erTi jgufis `damoklebisa~ da meore jgufis `gawel-
vis~ amplitudebs Soris gansxvaveba minimaluria. aseTi Sefardeba kun-
Tebs Soris uzrunvelyofs saxsrebis mdgradobas da mniSvnelovnad am-
cirebs kunTebis dazianebis SemTxvevaTa ricxvs.
moqnilobis mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
gansxvavebiT sxva fizikuri Tvisebebisgan, asakis matebasTan erTad is
ki ar viTardeba, aramed regress ganicdis, radgan 13-16 wlis asakSi
mTavrdeba saxsrebis formireba da mniSvnelovnad izrdeba maTi mdgra-
doba.
saxsrebi naklebad elastiuria, moZraobis amplituda mcirdeba ami-

82
tom, moqnilobis ganviTareba efeqturia dawyebiTi da specializaciis
etapebze. sportuli srulyofis etapze mniSvnelovania adre miRweuli
Sedegebis SenarCuneba. aucilebeli efeqti miiRweva varjiSis mraval-
jeradi gameorebisa da moZraobis amplitudis TandaTanobiT gazrdis
xarjze. moqnilobis ganviTarebaze varjiSisas aucilebelia TiToeuli
momecadinesadmi individualuri midgoma. eqsperimentalurad damt-
kicebulia, rom erTi da igive varjiSebiT bavSvebSi moqnilobis ganvi-
Tarebis done araTanabaria, amitom saxsrebSi SezRuduli moZravunari-
anobis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa aseT fexburTelebs movTxovoT varjiSTa
gameorebis ricxvisa da moculobis gazrda.
moqnilobis ganviTarebis mTavari saSualeba pirvel rigSi var-
jiSebia, esenia: usagnod varjiSebi, partniorTan erTad, tanvarjiSul
kedelTan, tanvarjiSuli joxiT, saxtunelebiT, burTebiT da a.S
safexburTo varjiSebidan: dartymebis imitacia; burTis warTmeva
sxvadasxva xerxiT; TaviT dartymebi moZraobaSi; burTis mowodebam,
cru moZraobebi da sxva.
warmatebis miRweva SesaZlebelia mxolod varjiSTa sxvadasxva
jgufebis swori kombinaciebis gamoyenebiT. calkeuli varjiSi moqni-
lobaze mxolod calmxrivad, SezRudulad zemoqmedebs, maSin, roca
sportuli praqtika am fizikur Tvisebas mravalferovan moTxovnebs
uyenebs.
bunebrivia, iseve rogorc sxva fizikuri Tvisebebis SemTxvevaSi,
aqac varjiSebis SerCeva ganpirobebulia fexburTelisaTvis damaxasi-
aTebeli moZraobiTi moqmedebebis TaviseburebebiT.

moqnilobis ganmaviTarebeli varjiSebi

(nimuSi)
1. terfis Sida nawiliT dartymis imitacia, swrafi moZraobebi adg-
ilze
orive fexiT;
2. orive fexis terfis Sida nawiliT Jonglirebis imitacia;
3. orive fexis terfis gareTa nawiliT Jonglirebis imitacia;
4. welis doneze `mfrinavi~ burTis dartymis imitacia;
5. vardnaSi (1800) marcxena da marjvena fexiT burTze dartymis im-
itacia;
6. marcxena da marjvena fexiT brunviTi moZraobebi menj-barZayis
saxsarSi, fexi moxrilia muxlis saxsarSi 900-mde;
7. tanis brunviTi moZraobebi menj-barZayis saxsarSi;
8. zneqebi marcxena da marjvena fexisken tanvarjiSul kedelTan,
skamTan da a.S.
9. mjdomare mdgomareobidan TaviT muxlebis Sexeba.

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 Zalis ganviTareba
Cveulebrivad saubarSi sityva `Zala~-s sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT xma-
roben, aucilebelia SesaZleblobebis farglbSi misi, rogorc cnebis
gansazRvra.
unda gavarCioT:
1. Zala, rogorc moZraobis meqanikuri daxasiTeba;
2. Zala,rogorc unari _ adamianis Tviseba.
pirvel SemTxvevaSi Zala moZraobis sxva maxasiaTeblebTan erTad
warmoadgens meqanikis Seswavlis obieqts, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi _
fizikuri aRzrdis Teoriis, fiziologiis da antropoligiis sagania.
amgvarad, Zala es aris adamianis Tviseba – gadalaxos winaaRmdegoba,
an win aRudges mas kunTuri ZalisxmeviT.
fexburTels saqme aqvs sakuTari sxeulisa da burTis wonasTan.
amasTan dakavSirebiT, mas ZiriTadad uxdeba Zalis gamoyeneba sakuTari
sxeulisa da burTis inerciis dasaZlevad. moZraobis dawyeba, aCqareba,
gaCereba, moZraobis mimarTulebis Secvla, xtomebi, burTzedartyme-
bi – ai, is moqmedebebi, romlebSic vlindeba fexburTelis Zala. yvela
zemoT aRniSnul SemTxvevaSiZala dinamiur xasiaTs atarebs. amgvarad,
saTamaSo xasiaTi gansazRvravs TamaSSi Zalis ganviTarebis donisa da
misi gamovlinebis specifikas.
fexburTels sWirdeba garkveuli donis Zala, romlis realizaciac
SesaZlebeli iqneba drois monakveTSi, e. i. ,, dinamiuri Zala~.
cnobilia, rom Zalis mateba SeasZlebelia ori faqtoris xarjze:kun-
Turi masis zrdiTa da nervul – kunTuri regulaciis gaumjobesebiT.
axla ganvixiloT am poziciidan Zalis matebis mizanSewoniloba.
yvela kunTi morfologiuri TvalsazrisiT kompleqsuri warmonaqm-
nia, romelic konebisagan Sedgeba da TiToeuli maTgani didi raodenobiT
boWkoebs Seicavs. calkeuli boWkos nervireba nervuli wanazardis akso-
nis saSualebiT xdeba, rac e.w. moZraobiT erTeuls qmnis. es morfologi-
uri Tavisebureb aramartomTlianad kunTis, aramed,boWkoebis calkeuli
jgufebis SekumSvasac ganapirobebs. kunTis SesaZlebloba – SeikumSos
ara mTlianad, aramed moZraobiTi erTeulis garkveuli raodenobis xar-
jze _ kunTuri sistemis umniSvnelovanes unars warmoadgens, rac ase
aucilebelia moZraobis koordinaciisaTvis. rac ufro diferencirebu-
lad axorcielebs fexburTeli kunTTaSoris da kunTs SigniT kordina-
cias, miT ufro kargad flobs igi Tavis sxeuls da burTs.
fexburTis praqtikaSi, rogorc wesi, simZimeebiT Zalis ganviTareba
araumetes 1 – 1,5 Tvis ganmavlobaSi maqsimaluridan 40– 50 procen-
tis wonebiT mimdinareobs, rac praqtikulad ar iwvevs Zalis zrdas da
amasTan erTad auaresebs kunTTa Soris koordinacias. aseT SemTxvevaSi
adgili eqneba absoluturi Zalis zrdas da zogierT negatiur molenas.
pirvel rigSi moimatebs fexburTelis wona, rac TavisTavad arasasur-
velia da, garda amisa, gauaresdeba kunTTaSorisi da kunTis SigniTa
koordinacia. ganicdis ra mudmivad garegan gavlenas im TvalsazrisiT,

84
rom simZimeebiT varjiSis dros SeiZleba adgili hqondes morfologiur
zemoqmedebas, kunTis boWkoebi Tavis mxriv cdiloben mis ganeitrale-
bas. amitom, erTis mxriv adgili aqvs boWkoebis jgufebad `Sekvras~
da, meores mxriv, xangrZlivi wvrTnis zemoqmedebis Sedegad calkeuli
boWkoebi cdiloben garegan gamaRizianebelze erToblivad reagirebas.
amgvarad, ikargeba fexburTelisaTvis aucilebeli sapasuxo moq-
medebebis diferencirebis unari.
warmovidginoT, rom gvaqvs SesaZlebloba zustad davafiqsiroT
moZraobis erTeulis (m.e.) raodenoba ama Tu im moqmedebis Sesrulebi-
sas. Zalismieri varjiSis dawyebamde fexburTels SevTavazoT romelime
teqnikuri xerxis Sesruleba. vafiqsirebT, rom teqnikuri xerxis ide-
alurad SesrulebaSi monawileobs fexis kunTebis 50% moZraobis er-
Teuli. xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi simZimeebiT varjiSis Semdeg,
fexburTels movTxovoT imave teqnikuri xerxis Sesruleba. aRmoCndeba,
rom ukve teqnikuri xerxis SesrulebaSi monawileobs 50%-ze meti te-
qnikuri erTeuli. amis gamo TviTon teqnikuri xerxi sruldeba uxeSad,
ixarjeba meti energia. maSasadame, Zalis matebasTan erTad, uaresdeba
burTis flobis teqnika, e.i. erT-erTi mTavari komponenti.
dabolos, Zalis matebam SeiZleba ar iqonios dadebiTi gavlena
specifikuri moqmedebebis Sesrulebis siCqareze. amitom, Zalismieri
momzadebis saSualebebis SerCevisas naTlad warmovidginoT, Tu rogo-
ria Zalis gamovlenis specifika da pirobebi im moZraobaSi, risTvisac-
gvsurs Zalis ganviTraeba.
gamokvlevebi gviCveneben, romkunTi Sedgeba `swrafi~ da `neli~ moZ-
raobiTi erTeulebisagan. amitom, wvrTnis mimarTulebam SeiZleba arse-
biTi gavlena iqonios boWkoTa ama Tu im jgufis aqtivobaze.
SefardebiTi Zalis maRali done efeqturia swrafi moZraobebis Ses-
rulebisas mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca adamians SeuZlia misi gamovle-
na drois minimalur monakveTSi. fexburTis praqtikaSi es gansakuTre-
biT naTlad vlindeba burTze dartymisas.
amrigad, imisaTvis, rom mivaRwioT fexbrTelis Zalisa da siswraf-
is organul Sefardebas, ise, rom ar gauaresdeskoordinaciuli Sesa-
Zleblobani da ar daqveiTdes gamZleoba, aucilebelia wvrTnis iseTi
saSualebebisa da meTodebis gamoyeneba, romlebic Seesabameba fexbur-
TisaTvis damaxasiaTebel moZraobiTi momedebebis moTxovnebs. fexbur-
TelebSi Zalisa da siswrafis ganviTarebis yvelaze racionalur sa-
Sualebad iTvleba dinamiuri muSaoba.
saTamaSo moqmedebebis procesSi xSirad saWiroa drois mokle mon-
akveTSi Zalis gamovlineba. swored mravalferovani xtomiTi vrjiSebi
(gamorbeniT da adgilidan sigrZeze xtoma, klasikuri sammagi xtoma,
simaRleze xtoma da gansakuTrebiT 70–100 sm simaRlidan Camoxtoma da
Semdgomi moqmedebis Sesruleba) warmoadgens specialuri ,,feTqebadi~
Zalis matebis efeqtur saSualebas.
wrTvnis procesSi siRrmeze xtomis dros ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom

85
 simaRlis mateba TandaTan unda xdebodes da ar unda aRematebodes 110
sm–s. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gaizrdeba amortizaciis faza, rac Tavs
mxriv uaryofiTad imoqmedebs Zalis maqsimaluri sididis gamovlenaze.
gamokvlevebiT damtkicebulia, romspecialuri varjiSebi ufro metad
uwyobs xels dinamiuri Zalis matebas, vidre statikuri Zalisas. am
SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs kunTebis muSaobis iseT reJims, romelic Ta-
visi struqturiT saSejibro xasiaTisaa. amasTan erTad matulobs ara
marto Zalis potenciali, aramed uzrunvelyofilia fexburTisaTvis
damaxasaTebeli specifikuri specialuri morfologiuri da bioqimiu-
ri adaptacia.
Zala da swraf-Zalismieri Tvisebebi aucilebelia fexburTelisaT-
vis sportli da SromiTi miRwevebis procesSi, maT gamovlenas uzrun-
velyofs kunTTa yvela jgufis harmoniuli ganviTareba. saSualebaTa
SerCevisas yuradReba eqceva swraf-Zalismieri Tvisebebis aRzrdas da
maT srulyofas.
Zalismieri SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebisaTvis rekomendirebuli-
aiseTi varjiSebi, romlTa Sesrulebisas didi winaaRmdegobis daZlevaa
saWiro. Wabuk fexburTelTa Zalis sistemur zrdas SeiZleba mivaRwioT
kunTuri daZabulobis pirobebSi varjiSebis Sedegad.

gamZleobis ganviTreba
fexburTelis gamZleobis qveS igulisxmeba iseTi unari, romelic
uzrunvelyofs mTeli matCis ganmavlobaSi saTamaSo moqmedebebis maRa-
li efeqtianobiT Sesrulebas. SeiZleba asec iTqvas, rom gamZleoba
aris unari mimarTuli daRlis ganviTarebis winaaRmdeg.
sportul praqtikaSi cnobilia daRlis oTxi tipi: gonebrivi, sen-
soruli, emocionaluri da fizikuri. yoveli maTgani damaxasiTebelia
fexburTelisaTvis. bunebrivia, maT Soris mniSvnelovani fizikuri
daRla.
imisaTvis, rom sworad ganvsazRvroT fexburTelTa gamZleobis gan-
viTarebis meTodika, aucilbelia, gaviTvaliswinoT saTamaSo moqmedebis
xasiaTi da datvirTva, rasac adgili aqvs matCis ganmavlobaSi. cnobi-
lia, rom fexburTelis moqmedebebi mimdinareobs polarul zonebSi:
erTis mxriv, xanmokle, 5-8 wamis manZilze maqsimaluri intensiobiT (aC-
qarebebi, xtomebi, orTabrZola da a.S.) da meores mxriv – is faqti, rom
TamaSi grZeldeba 90 wuTis, an ufro metis ganmavlobaSi, rac zomieri
intensiobis muSaobas miekuTvneba. Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom
zomieri intensiobis muSaoba uaryofiTad moqmedebs maqsimaluri in-
tensiobis muSaobaze, gasagebi xdeba im siZneleebis arseboba, rac fex-
burTSi gamZleobis ganviTarebis problemisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.
fexburTSi gamZleobis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli meTodebis
gansazRvrisas saWiroa erTmaneTisagan pirobiTad ganvacalkevoT saer-
To da specialuri gamZleoba. saerTo gamZleobaSi, rogorc wesi, ig-

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ulisxmeba xangrZlivi drois manZilze sxvadasxva saxis erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavebuli muSaobis Sesrulebis unari zomieri da dabali intensio-
bis datvirTvebis fonze. specialuri gamZleoba vlindeba fexburTelis
unarSi – mTeli matCis ganmavlobaSi SeinarCunos TamaSis maRali tempi.
saerTo gamZleobis ganviTarebisaTvis iyeneben iseT varjiSebs, rom-
lebic drois xangrZliv monakveTSi sruldeba. ase magaliTad: swra-
fi siaruli, sirbili (800–2000 m, krosi 3–5 km, irbili TxilamurebiT,
curva da sxva). es varjiSebi sruldeba saSualo tempSi mosamzadebeli
periodis etapze.
fexburTelebi, imis mixedviT, Tu ra funqcias asruleben gund-
Si, TamaSis msvlelobisas saSualod 5,5–dan 10,5 km–mde manZils far-
aven. aqedan, intensuri muSaoba 5 wuTamdea da am droSi 1500 metrs
15-25 metris monakveTebiT darbian. 25–35 wuTi neli tempiT da 45 –dan
47 wuTamde nabijiT gadaadgilebaze modis. erTi SexedviT Cans, rom
fexburTelebi drois did nawils dabali intensiobiT gadaadgilebas
andomeben, magram es aris im energiiskompensacia, rasac fexburTeli
xuTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi xarjavs. aRniSnuli monacemebi pedagogiuri
dakvirvebis safuZvelzea miRebuli.
cnobilia, rom fexburTelis moRvaweoba maRali fsiqikuri daZab-
ulobisa da emocionalur idatvirTvebis pirobebSi mimdinareobs da
amitom naTelia _ ramdenad maRali iqneba energodanakargebi. saTama-
So moqmedebaTa registraciis analizi gviCvenebs, rom intensiur mo-
qmedebebs Soris pauza sakmarisia aRdgenisaTvis. wvrTnis xarisxobriv
maCveneblad xSirad Sesrulebuli muSaobis moculobas miiCneven, rac
sruliad arasworia.muSaobis maRali moculoba ar unda iyos TviTmi-
zani da gamZleobis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi maCvenebeli. Tanamedrove
fexburTSi vizualuradac kargad Cans, rom mniSvnelovnad imata Tama-
Sis tempma. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom analogiuri pedagogiuri dak-
virvebebis Catarebis SemTxvevaSi intensiur muSaobaze daxarjuli dro
bevrad meti iqneba. aseTi prognozis safuZvels wamyvani evropuli gun-
debis fexburTelTa maRali funqcionaluri momzadeba iZleva.
fexburTi – sportis acikluri xasiaTis saxeobaa Sesrulebuli mo-
qmedebebis mudmivad cvladi intensiobiT, rac Tavis mxriv adekvatur
momzadebas moiTxovs. muSaobis intensiobis xSiri cvla dakavSirebu-
lia gacilebiT did energodanakargebTan, vidre erTferovani, zomieri
intensiobiT muSaobis pirobebSi. es momenti aucileblad unda iqnas
gaTvaliswinebuli gamZleobaze muSaobisas. unda aRiniSnos, iseTi veg-
etaturi funqcia, rogoricaa sunTqva, kargad egueba Sesrulebuli
muSoabis formasa da xasiaTs. amasTan erTad SesunTqva da amosunTq-
va organulad Sedis moZraobiTi aqtis struqturaSi. fexburTeli ar
sunTqavs ise, rogorc moTxilamure an staieri.
gamZleobis aRzrdaSi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs nebelobiTi
Tvisebebi. uwyveti, xangrZlivi sunTqviTi muSaoba fexburTelisagan
Sinagani da garegani siZneleebis gadasalaxavad nebisyofis mdgradobas

87
 moiTxovs. acikluri xasiaTis moZraobebis dros fexburTels uxdeba
SedarebiT xanmokle, magram xSiri da maRali intensiobis datvirTvebis
daZleva. fexburTelisaTvis kargad nacnobia iseTi mdgomareoba, roca
ramdenime aCqarebis Semdeg saTamaSo situaciidan gamomdinare, igi iZu-
lebulia Rrma daRlilobis fonze kidev erTxel Seasrulos romelime
intensiuri moqmedeba.
fexburTelTa gamZleobis ganviTarebisas ZiriTadad upiratesobas
aniWeben feTqebadi xasiaTis xanmokle datvirTvebs anaerobuli Sesa-
Zleblobebis xarjze. Jangbadis davalianeba ifareba intensiur muSao-
bebs Soris Sesvenebis saSualebiT.
specialuri funqcionaluri momzadebis amocanebi yvelaze
efeqturad saTamaSo xasiaTis varjiSebis SesrulebiT wydeba. Tavis xa-
siaTiT da emocionaluri foniT isini TiTqmis TamaSis adekvaturia.
aseve saWiroa saTamaSo varjiSebis optimaluri Sefardeba uburTod
varjiSebTan.
gamZleobaze mecadneobebis Catarebisas aucilebelia datvirTvebis
xuTi ZiriTadi komponentis gaTvaliswineba da dacva:
1. muSaobis dro; 2. muSaobis simZlavre; 3. dasvenebis dro; 4. dasven-
ebis xasiaTi; 5. gameorebaTa raodenoba.
romelime am komponentis cvlileba Tavis mxriv gavlenas axdens
wvrTnis mimarTulebazec.
TamaSis dros fexburTelis moqmedebaTa efeqturoba damokidebu-
lia imaze, Tu ramdenad sakmarisia organizmis mier miRebuli Jangbadis
raodenoba. es SesaZlebelia im SemTxvevaSi, roca aqtiuri moZraobiTi
moqmedebebi, g.S.s. da s.m. (gulis SekumSvaTa sixSire; sistoluri moc-
uloba), Tavis optimalur sidides aRwevs. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom
g.S.s. wuTSi 180–190 dartymis sazRvrebSia, maSin Jangbadis miwodeba
bevradaa damokidebuli sistemur moculobaze. aqedan ki gamomdinare-
obs daskvna, rom gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa iseTi meTodis gamoyeneba,
romelic uzrunvelyofs sistoluri moculobis gazrdas. mecnieru-
li gamokvlevebis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT, sayovelTad aRiarebulia,
rom anaerobuli muSaoba yvelaze did efeqts iZleva varjiSebis dros
mcire monakveTebSi da gameorebaTa Soris dasvenebis xanmokle pauze-
biT Sesrulebisas. am dros anaerobuli daSlis produqtebi sunTqvi-
Ti procesebi mZlavr stimuliators warmoadgenen. amasTan erTad sm-
is maRal dones adgili aqvs ara muSaobis procesSi, aramed xanmokle
pauzis dros, roca gSs ecema da matulobs Jangbadze moTxovnileba.
wvrTnis meTods, roca datvirTvebis moculobisa da dasvenebis dro
mkacrad reglamentirebulia – wvrTnis intervaluri meTodi ewodeba.
am meTodis gamoyenebisas gSs 180–200 dartymas aRwevs wuTSi, xolo
pauzis dasasruls 120–140 dartymas ar unda aRematebodes. muSaobisa
da dasvenebis dro damokidebulia mecadineobis amocanebis Sinaarsze.
saerTo gamZleobis ganviTarebis meTodebi yvela specializaciis-
sportmenisaTvis saerToa da maTi SerCeva ar aris damokidebuli arc

88
kvalifikaciaze, arc fexburTelTa individulur Tvisebebze. fexbur-
TelTa sportuli SesaZleblobebis ganviTrebis procesSi maRldeba
Jangbadis maqsimaluri moxmarebis done.
wvrTnis saSualebebad gamoiyeneba mravalferovani varjiSebi saerTo
SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebisaTvis rekomendirebulia araspecifire-
buli varjiSebi: xangrZlivi, dabali intensiobis sirbili da agreTve
cikluri sportis saxeobebi (curva, TxilamurebiT sirbili da a.S.
11–12 wlis fexburTelebisaTvis saerTo gamZleobis ganviTarebis
ZiriTadi saSualebaa– mSvidi xangrZlivi sirbili. misi xangrZlivo-
ba grZeldeba 10–dan 30 wuTamde. (gulis SekumSvaTa sixSire 140–150
dartyma wuTSi).
datvirTvebi varjiSebis Sesrulebisas unda iyos individualuri.
Sesrulebis siCqre 80–85 procenti maqsimaluridan. datvirTvebze kon-
trolisaTvis pulsis sixSiris mixedviT arCeven sami saxis intensiobis
datvirTvas: dabali, saSualo da maRali.
dabali intensiobis datvirTvas miekuTvneba varjiSi, romlis Ses-
rulebisas pulsis sixSire 120–130 dartymas aRwevs wuTSi. aseTi var-
jiSebis Sesrulebis siCqare maqsimaluridan 50–65 procentia.
saSualo intensiobisas (pulsi 130–165 dartyma wuTSi) Sesrulebis
siCqare maqsimaluridan 70–80 procentia.
maRali intensiobis (pulsi 170–190 dartyma wuTSi) Sesrulebis siC-
qare maqsimaluria.
15–16 wlis fexburTelebisaTvis maRali intensiobis mecdineoba
SeiZleba Catardes kviraSi erTxel, xolo 17–18 wlis mozardebisaTvis
kviraSi orjer.
gamZleobis ganmaviTarebeli varjiSebi seriozul moTxovnebs
ayenebs sunTqviTi sistemis organoebis winaSe. sunTqviTi aparatis Ses-
aZleblobebis srulyofisaTvis aucilebelia sunTqviTi varjiSebis
farTod gamoyeneba.

89
 mesame done

datvirTvisa da dasvenebis regulireba

fizikuri Tvisebebis ganviTarebaze da srulyofaze muSaobisas Zal-
zed mniSvnelovania fizikuri varjiSebiT datvirTvebisa da dasvenebis
sworad regulireba. rogorc cnobilia, wvrTnis ZiriTad saSualebas
fizikuri varjiSi warmodgens. maTi zemoqmedeba fexburTelis orga-
nizmze sxvadasxvagvaria. amitom, wvrTnis ZiriTadi sakiTxia sawvrTneli
datvirTvebis dagegmvis regulireba. im SemTxevavSi, Tu datvirTvebi-
sa da dasvenebis urTierTmonacvleobisas ar iqneba gaTvaliswinebu-
li dasaxuli amocanebis specifika da fexburTelis realuri Sesa-
Zleblobebi, maSin gawvrTnilobis amaRleba naklebad savaraudoa. ufro
metic SeiZleba ganviTardes gadawvrTnilobis mdgomareoba.
fizikuri datvirTvebis Sefaseba xdeba ori urTierTdakavSirebuli
parametris– moculobisa da intensiobis gansazRvris saSualebiT.
moculoba – es aris gaweuli muSaobis jami (saTamaSo xerxebis ra-
odenoba, da faruli manZili da a. S. ), am muSaobis Semadgeneli nawilebi
sruldeba sxvadasxva intensiobiT.
intensioba– ganisazRvreba moZraobiTi moqmedebebis Sesrulebis
siswrafiT, distanciaze moZraobis siCqariT, saswavlo da kalendaruli
TamaSebis raodenobiT, mecadineobaTa simkvriviT da a.S.
moculobisa da intensiobis zrda paralelurad mxolod raRac
zRvramdea SesaZlebeli. wvrTnis konkretul etapze aucilebeli xdeba
romelime maTganis Semcireba, radganac sawvrTneli mecadineobis moc-
ulobis sidides intensiobis garkveuli xasiTis gareSe azri ar aqvs.
aqedan gamomdinareobs daskvna, rom sportuli momzadebis romeliRac
etapze SeiZleba laparaki datvirTvis romelime parametris upirateso-
baze imis Sesabamisad, Tu ra xasiaTis amocanebia gadasaWreli.
fizikuri datvirTvebis xarisxs moculobasTan da intensiobasTan
erTad gansazRvravs datvirTvis saerTo sidide da masze fexburTelis
organizmis reaqcia. bunebrivia, yovelgvari fizikuri muSaoba raRac
momentisaTvis iwvevs daRlis ganviTrebas, rac imis maniSnebelia, rom
organizmi saWiroebs dasvenebas, daxarjuli energiis aRdgenas. SeiZle-
ba iTqvas, rom dasvenebis, anu aRdgenis procesis sworad regulireba
wvrTnis procesis umniSvnelovanesi amocanaa.
pedagogs unda SeeZlos konkretuli amocanebis Sesabamisad dat-
virTvebis sididisa da mimarTulebis regulireba. maRali datirTvebis
Semdeg aRdgeniTi procesebi ufro swrafad mimdinareobs, Tu maT So-
ris pasiuri dasvenebis nacvlad: saSualo da dabali intensiobis dat-
virTvebs gamoviyenebT. dabali intensiobis datvirTva mizanSewonilia
gamoviyenoT kalendaruli Sexvedris dawyebamde 4–6 saaTiT adre. es
saSulebas aZlevs fexburTels, TamaSi daiwyos maSin, roca orgnizmis
sportuli Sromisunarianobis mdgomareoba optimaluria. garda amisa
aseTi datvirTva xsnis fsiqikur daZabulobas (e.w. `sastarto ciebcx-

90
eleba~). maRali datvirTvebi efeqturia, magram maTi usistemod gam-
oyeneba SeiZleba gadawvrTnis mizezi gaxdes . maRali datvirTvebiT
mecadinobisas aucilebelia specifikuri momentebis gaTvaliswineba.
sxvadsxva mimarTulebis datvirTvis dros aRdgenis procesis droiT
maCvenebeli erTnairi ar aris. aRdgena organizmis sxvdasxva siste-
maSi erTdroulad ar mTavrdeba. yoveli varjiSi zemoqmedbas axdens
fexburTelis specifiur funqciaze. ase magaliTad, saerTo gamZle-
obisganviTarebis winapirobaa yvela sistemis da organos gamarTuli
muSaoba.es SesaZlebelia im SemTxvevaSi, roca organizmi Seuferxeb-
lad maragdeba JanagbadiT da Tavisufldeba daSlis produqtebisagan.
swraf-gamZlobis ganviTrebisas ki sxva xasiaTis procesebs aqvs adgi-
li. kerZod, muSaoba mimdinareobs organizmis Sinagani rezervebis ga-
moyenebis xarjze, romelTa aRdgenac Sesvenebis intervalSi Jangbadis
,,davalianebis’’ dafarvis Sedegad xdeba.
teqnikuri xerxebis dauflebisaTvis saWiroa axali refleqtoruli
kavSirebis mudmivi ganaxleba da a.S. amrigad, aRdgeniTi procesebi mim-
dinareobs im sistemaSi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen muSaobas. wvrTnis
procesSi pedagogis mier swored am kanonzomierebis codna da maTi
praqtikul saqmianobaSi gamoyenebaa saWiro.
kviris ganmavlobaSi 4-5 sawvrTneli mecadineobidan 2-3-is Catareba
rekomendirebulia maRali datvirTvebiT. es datvirTvebi ar unda iyos
erTnairi mimarTulebis, radgan SeiZleba ganviTarades gadawvrTna. ase
magaliTad: Tu samSabaTs Catardeba mecadineoba Zalis ganviTarebaze,
xuTSabaTisaTvis sasurveli iqneboda imave intensiobis mecadineobis
Catareba swraf-gamZleobze.
maRali klasis gundebSi xSirad iyeneben dRis ganmavlobaSi maRali
intensiobis orjerad varjiSebs da es gamarTlebulia, Tu maTi mimar-
Tuleba msgavsi ar aris. didi yurdReba eniWeba varjiSTa Soris dasven-
ebis xangrZlivobas, mecdineobebsa da TviT calkeul varjiSTa Soris
optimaluri pauzis dadgena mTeli sawvrTno procesis efeqturobis
aucilebeli pirobaa.
rogorc cnobilia, gamZleoba aris fizikuri Tviseba-uari _ win
aRudges daRlas. am Tvisebis ganviTareba Cqardeba daRlilobis fonze
datvirTvebs micemis gziT. aq daculi unda iyos Semdegi meToduri
xerxi: varjiSebi meordeba mcire intrvlebiT, roca jer kidev ar aris
dasrulebuli aRdgenis procesi. siswrafis ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi
varjiSebs Soris intervalebi unda iZleodes sruli aRdgenis saSuale-
bas, radgan am Tvisebis ganviTareba Zalebisa da energiis srul mobili-
zacias moiTxovs. analogiur situacias aqvs adgili Zalaze da simar-
jveze muSaobisas.
amgvarad, mniSvnelovania ara marto datvirTvebis dagegmva, aramed
mecadineobaTa da varjiSebs Soris meToduri TvalsazrisiT gamarTle-
buli intervalebis (dasvenebis, pauzis) dadgenac.

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 fizikuri momzadeba da Wabuk fexburTelTa
asakobrivi Taviseburebani
TavisTavad cxadia, rom fizikuri momzadeba mWidro kavSirSia mo-
zardTa da Wabuk fexburTelTa asakobrivi Taviseburebebis codnas-
Tan. roca vexebiT asakobriv periodizciis sakiTxs aucleblad unda
ganvmartoT _ ras niSnavs e.w. ,, biologiuri asaki~. cnobilia aseTi
ganmarteba: ,,biologiuri asaki~ niSnavs garkveuli momentisaTvis orga-
nizmis morfologiuri da funqcionluri donis gansazRvras.
sayovelTaod miRebuli asakobrivi kanonzomierebidan gamoirCeva
mozardTa is jgufi, romelTa fizikuri ganviTarebis maCveneblebi Ses-
amCnevad maRalia. am movlenas aqseleracias, xolo maT warmomadgenlo-
bas aqselerantebs uwodeben.
organizmis funqciebis ganviTrebis saqmeSi wamyvan rols centra-
luri nervuli sistema (cns) asrulebs, pirvel rigSi ki Tavis tvinis
qerqi.
Tavis tvinis didi naxevarsferoebis qerqis funqciebis gadaxalise-
ba specifikur gamoxatulebas bavSvebis fsiqikaSi poulobs. mozardTa
asakSi gansakuTrebiT mkveTrad icvleba fsiqikuri saxe – mozardebs
ama Tu im saqmianobaSi sakuTari SesaZleblobebis gamocdis survili
uCndebaT. maTi interesebis sfero mravalferovania da amave dros na-
klebad mdgradia.
8-12w. asakSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi mimdinareobs azrovnebasa
da maxsovrobaSi. fexburTSi swavlebis procesSi viTardeba logiku-
ri msjelobisa da abstraqtuli azrovnebis unari. cvlilebebi maxsov-
robaSi Semdegi saxiT vlindeba: raimes gaxseneba iwyeba ara konkret-
uli movlenebis ganzogadoebidan, rogorc amas adgili aqvs umcros
asakSi, aramed saerTo warmodgenidan calkeuli detalebis gaxsenebiT.
amitom, teqnikuri xerxebis swavleba mizanSewonilia ZiriTadad mTlia-
nobaSi xdebodes, Tumca saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia moZraobis
Semadgeneli zogierTi detalis mimarT yuradRebis koncentracia. moZ-
raobis damaxsovrebis unari asakTan erTad icvleba, rogorc raodeno-
brivi, aseve xarisxobrivi TvalsazrisiTac.
7-12w. bavSvebSi damaxsovrebis unari piks aRwevs. am periodisaTvis
mkveTrad umjobesdeba koordinacia. zogadad, moZraobiTi moqmedebebi
sruldeba ufro zustad da swrafad, naklebi energiis xarjviT.
9-10 wlis biWebi advilad euflebian martiv teqnikur xerxebs. 13-
14 wlis mozardebSi koordinaciulad rTuli moZraobebis Seswavlisas
SeiniSneba hubertatiuli (sqesobrivi mowifeeba) periodis Semakavebeli
gavlena. swavlebis sworad SerCeuli meTodikiT mecadineoba dadebiT
gavlenas axdens organizmis formirebaze, rac ormxrivad viTardeba;
morfologiuri cvlilebebi-andropometriuli niSnebisa da funqcio-
naluri Sromisunarianobis zrdis saxiT.
bavSvebisa da mozardTa organizmi zrdisa da ganviTarebis proces-
Si imyofeba. zrdisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia raodenobrivi, xolo ganvi-

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TarebisaTvis xarisxobrivi cvlilebebi. orive es mxare organul urT-
ierTkavSirSia. organizmis am Taviseburebebis gauTvaliswineblobas
swavlebis procesSi mZime Sedegebamde mivyavarT.
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan gavlenas fizikuri varjiSi sayrden–
moZraobiTi aparatis ganviTarebaze axdens, romelic bavSvobis asakSi
jer kidev Rrma cvlilebebs ganicdis.
mravali gamokvleva adasturebs im faqts, ro mozardis xerxemali
Zalian damyolia da statikuri datvirTvis SemTxvevaSi mosalodnelia
misi gamrudeba. gansakuTrebiT moZravia xerxemali 8-9 wlis asakSi. gam-
rudebis yvelaze met SemTxvevas 11-15 wlis asakSi aqvs adgili, amitom,
am periodSi rekomendirebulia iseTi varjiSebis gamoyeneba, romlebic
xels uwyoben xerxemlis kunTebis gamagrebas, rac Tavis mxriv uzrunve-
lyofs xerxemlis svetis ganviTarebas normis farglebSi.
bavSvobis asakSi gaZvalebis procesi Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT mim-
dinareobs. 9-11 w. _ mTavrdeba TiTebis falangebis, 10-13w. _ majisa da
idayvis gaZvaleba, xolo 20w. _ adgili aqvs menjis Zvlebis SeZvalebas.
laviwis, beWis da winamxris gaZvaleba 20-25 wlisaTvis mTavrdeba.
mozardis asakSi aRiniSneba simaRlisa da wonis swrafi tempiT mate-
ba. amitom, mkveTri biZgebi xtomebis dros, moZraobis moulodneli
`damuxruWeba~, mkveTri brunebi, araTanabari datvirTva marjvena da
marcxena fexebis kidurebze arasasurvelia. yovelime aman SeiZleba ga-
moiwvios mxris sartyelisa da menjis Zvlebis gadaadgileba, maTi aras-
wori Sezrda. qveda kidurebze maRali datvirTvebi xSirad brtyelter-
fianobis ganviTarebis mizezi xdeba.
bavSvTa da mozardTa sayrden-moZraobiTi aparatis (ConCxi) ganvi-
Tareba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli kunTebis, myesebis, iogebis da saxs-
rebis ganviTarebasTan.
gamokvlevebiT dadgenilia, rom 8 wlis bavSvis kunTebis wona sxe-
ulis saerTo wonis 27%-s Seadgens, 12 wlis 24 %-s, 15 wlis _ 32,6%;
18 wlis _ 44,2%-s. kunTebis masis zrdasTan erTad umjobesdeba maTi
funqcionaluri Tvisebebic. icvleba maTi moculoba da funqcia. 14-15
w. mozardis kunTebis funqcionaluri mdgomareoba TiTqmis arafriT
gansxvavdeba zrdasruli adamianisagan. fexburTelTa kunTebis Zalis
zrda 11-dan 19 wlamde araTanabrad mimdinareobs. kunTis Zalis gansa-
kuTrebuli mateba SeiniSneba 13-15 wlis asakSi, rac Seexeba kunTis ab-
solutur Zalas, igi SedarebiT neli tempiT icvleba da mxolod 16–20
wlis asakSi aRwevs mozrdili adamianis dones. welis kunTebis Zalis
zrdis saSualo maCvenebeli yovelwliurad 12 kg-iT matulobs.
siswrafis ganviTarebis dinamika mTeli rigi TaviseburebebiT xasi-
aTdeba, moZraobis tempi 7-11 wlis asakSi intensiurad matulobs, 14-15w.
_ ki moZraobis sixSire Sesabamisad matulobs siswrafe da moZraobis ma-
qsimaluri tempiT Sesruleba Tavis zRvars aRwevs. mag. fexburTelebs
60 metrze sirbilSi Sedegebis zrda aReniSnebaT 12-15 wlis asakSi. 15
wlidan adgili aqvs stabilizaciis tendencias, romlis safuZvelzec

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 mosalodnelia e.w. `siCqaris barieris~ ganviTareba. gamokvlevebis Se-
degad 11-18 wlis asakSi 60 metrze sirbilis maCvenebeli 1,4 wm-iT um-
jobesdeba, ufro mogvianebiT 0,24 wm-s Seadgens.
8-15 w. yvelaze kargi periodia siswrafisa da moZraobis siCqaris
matebis TvalsazrisiT. asakis matebasTan erTad viTardeba swraf-Zal-
ismieri Tvisebebi. es gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia 13-16 wlis asakSi. ase
mag. adgilidan simaRleze xtomebSi mateba saSualod 3,7 sm-dan 6,2 sm-
mde meryeobs, xolo 11-18 wlisaTvis 24 sm-s aRwevs.
bavSvebSi fizikuri Tvisebis _ simarjvis ganviTareba 10 wlamde in-
tensiurd mimdinareobs, Semdgom wlebSi misi progresireba ZiriTadad
xdeba moZraobiTi aparatis funqcionalur SesaZleblobaTa zrdis xar-
jze.
moqnilobis ganviTareba yvelaze metad 7-11 wlis asakSia optimal-
uri swored am periodisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli sasurveli Sefardeba
saxsrebis moZraobis unarianobasa da kunTebis winaaRmdegobebs Soris.
rac Seexeba gamZleobis zrdas maqsimaluridan 75%-is siCqariT sir-
bilis dros, SeiniSneba 13-14 wlis asakSi. 15-16 wlisaTvis gamZleoba
ecema, rac maqsimaluri siswrafisa da Sesabamisad muSaobis simZlavris
matebiT aixsneba. 17 wlisaTis isev aRiniSneba gamZleobis maCveneblebis
zrda.
unda aRiniSnos, rom mozard fexburTelTa fizikuri ganviTarebis
biologiuri kanonzomierebani fizikuri varjiSebis gavleniT ar icv-
leba. didi xniT umoqmedoba bavSvebSi anelebs interess varjiSisadmi
da uaryofiT gavlenas axdens swavlebis procesze. mokle Sesvenebe-
bi mecadineobis dros gamarTlebulia fiziologiuri TvalsazrisiT,
radgan daRlis SemTxvevaSi aRdgenis periodi biWebSi gacilebiT nelia,
vidre didebSi. aRdgenis yvelaze xanmokle Sualedi aRiniSneba 11-12
wlis asakSi.
gulsisZarRvTa sistemasTan mWidrod funqcionirebs sunTqvis or-
ganoebi. sunTqvis aparatis zomebi da funqcionaluri SesaZleblobe-
bi asakTan erTad matulobs. sunTqviTi varjiSebis Sedegad mkerdis
garSemoweriloba da zomebi progresulad izrdeba. 7-dan 12 wlamde es
maCvenebeli 59,9 sm-dan 67,8 sm-mde izrdeba, xolo filtvebis sasicocx-
lo tevadoba _ 1400 ml-dan 2200 ml-mde.
sunTqvaSi monawile kunTebis Zalis ganviTareba uzrunvelyofs
sunTqvis siRrmis, filtvebis ventilaciis SesaZleblobebis zrdas, rac
ase aucilebelia intensiuri kunTuri muSaobis dros.
sunTqvis kunTebis Zala asakTan erTad matulobs. es gansakuTre-
biT SeimCneva 8-11 wlis asakSi. bavSvebi kunTuri muSaobis dros sxe-
ulis 1 kg. wonaze ufro met Jangbads xarjaven, vidre mozrdilebi.
amasTan dakavSirebiT fexburTSi rekomendirebulia Ria moedanze meca-
dineoba, rac sunTqvis organoebis muSaobisa da mTeli organizmis Ses-
aZleblobebis ganuxrelad zrdis saSualebaa.

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 p i r v e l id o n e

TamaSis taqtika

taqtikis qveS igulisxmeba moTamaSeTa individualur da koleqtiur

moqmedebaTa organizacia, e.i. fexburTelTa urTierTmoqmedeba gansaz-
Rvruli gegmis mixedviT, romelic mocemul konkretul SemTxxvevaSi
uzrunvelyofs dasaxuli miznis miRwevas.
taqtikaSi mTavaria Tavdasxmasa da dacvaSi TamaSis optimalur sa-
SualebaTa, xerxebisa da formebis gansazRvra, romelTa praqtikuli
realizacia nebismieri konkretuli amocanebis gadaWris aucilebeli
pirobaa.
taqtikis SerCeva yovel calkeeul SemTxvevaSi damokidebulia gun-
dis winaSe mdgar amocanaTa xasiaTze, dapirispirebul moTamaSeTa Sesa-
Zleblobebze, moednis mdgomareobaze, klimatur pirobebze da a.S.
taqtika gansazRvravs saTamaSo moqmedebebis Sinaars, aregulirebs
gundis rgolebsa da calkeul fexburTelebs Soris urTierTobas.
sworad SerCeuli saTamaSo taqtika gunds warmatebis SesaZleblobas
aZlevs da piriqiT, arasworad SerCeuli taqtika marcxis ZiriTadi da
sakmaod xSirad erTaderTi mizezi xdeba.
mowinaaRmdegis neitralizaciisa da SetevaSi sakuTari Sesa-
Zleblobebis warmatebiT gamoyenebis unari mTlianad gundis da
calkeuli fexburTelebis taqtikuri momzadebis maRali donisTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli. gundma warmatebas SeiZleba miaRwios Setevasa da
dacvaSi yvela fexburTelis aqtiuri moqmedebebis sworad organizaci-
is SemTxvevaSi.
rogoric ar unda iyos mwvrTnelis mier SemuSavebuli TamaSis taq-
tikuri gegma, maTi ganxorcieleba TiToeuli fexburTelis moqmedeba-
zea damokidebuli. sworedac amitom, individualuri taqtikuri momza-
debis srulyofis gareSe SeuZlebelia gunduri taqtikuri moqmedebebis
praqtikulad Sesruleba.
TamaSis procesSi taqtikasa da teqnikas Soris mWidro organuli
kavSiria. ase magaliTad: fexburTelis gadawyvetileba – visi misamar-
TiT da rogori gadacema Seasrulos, rodis daartyas karSi, gamoiyenos
Tu ara cru moZraoba da a.S. – aqedan optimaluri variantis SerCeva
taqtikuri azrovnebis produqtia, xolo gadawyvetilebis sisruleSi
moyvana teqnikur ostatobazea damokidebuli. zemoT aRniSnulidan ga-
momdinare moTamaSis taqtikuri Canafiqris realizacias teqnika emsax-
ureba. TavisTavad cxadia, rom mxolod maRali taqtikuri momzadebis
safuZvelzea SesaZlebeli mravalferovani teqnikuri moqmedebebis Ses-
ruleba.
xSirad, Tanabari Zalis gundebs Soris erT–erTis damarcxebas dab-
ali fizikuri, an teqnikuri momzadebiT xsnian, magram ufro xSirad
gundis gamarjvebas swored SerCeuli taqtikuri Canafiqri da misi

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 moedanze praqtikuli ganxorcieleba ganapirobebs. taqtika – is mniS-
vnelovani faqtoria, romelic momzadebulobis sxva mxareebis metnak-
lebad Tanabari donis SemTxvevaSi uzrunvelyofs erTi gundis meoreze
gamarjvebas. amas mravalricxovani da didi masStabis Sejibrebebis mag-
aliTebic adasturebs.
warmatebis mopoveba mxolod moqnili saTamaSo taqtikis gamoyenebiT
SeiZleba. roca gundebi erTmaneTis winaaRmdeg erTi da igive taqtikur
variantebs iyeneben, Sexvedra kargavs mizidulobas. aseTi taqtikuri
Sabloni xels uSlis ostatobis Semdgom zrdas. maRali klasis gunds
unda SeeZlos mravalferovani taqtikuri gegmis realizacia, winaaRm-
deg SemTxvevaSi calkeuli warmatebebis miuxedavad, seriozuli gamar-
jvebebis mopoveba praqtikulad TiTqmis SeuZlebelia.
saswavlo–sawvrTno procesSi taqtikur momzadebas mniSvnelovani
adgili uWiravs.
TamaSis taqtika Tavdasxmasa da dacvas Soris mudmivi dapirispire-
bebis pirobebSi sul ufro srulyofili xdeba. swored esaa fexburTe-
lis taqtikis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli faqtori.

moTamaSeTa funqciebi
gundis moqmedebaTa organizacia TavisTavad gulisxmobs calkeul
moTamaSeebs Soris funqciebis ganawilebas. fexburTelebis funqciebis
mixedviT ganawilebis (saTamaSo specializacia) safuZvels maTi momza-
debis universaluroba warmoadgens. rasakvirvelia, es ar niSnavs imas,
rom yvelas yvelafris Sesruleba erTnairad kargad SeuZlia. magram
erTi ram cxadia: TiToeuli fexburTeli valdebulia flobdes teqni-
kuri xerxebis farTo arsenals da SeeZlos Setevasa da dacvaSi gaaz-
rebulad moqmedeba. amasTan erTad calkeuli saTamaSo moqmedebis Ses-
ruleba fexburTels gansakuTrebiT srulyofilad unda exerxebodes
da swored es ~gansakuTrebuloba” ganapirobebs fexburTelis funqcias
gundSi.
amis mixedviT gundSi gamokveTilia Semdegi ZiriTadi funqciebi: me-
karis, mcvelebis, Sua xazis moTamaSeebis da Tavdamsxmelebis.
axla gavarCioT is moTxovnebi, romlis Sesrulebac ganpirobebulia
ama Tu im funqciiT.

mekare
Tanamedrove fexburTSi mekaris TamaSi mravalferovania da Sesabam-
isad rTuli, es ki moiTxovs misi fizikuri, teqnikuri, taqtikuri da
fsiqologiuri momzadebis maRal dones.
rogorc wesi, mekares unda axasiaTebdes brwyinvale aTleturi
momzadeba, reaqciis siswrafe da maRali sastarto siCqare. unda iyos
gabeduli da SeeZlos rTuli saTamaSo situaciis sworad Sefaseba da

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Sesabamisad swrafad moqmedeba. kargi mxtomeloba, moqniloba da simar-
jve, moZraobis maRali koordinacia, orientaciis da mowinaaRmdegis
moqmedebis prognozireba, Setevis ganviTarebis mimarTulebis, burTis
dartymis siCqarisa da traeqtoriis gansazRvra, mcvelebis TamaSis or-
ganizacia – ai, is ZiriTadi unar–Cvevebi, romelTa maRal doneze flo-
ba mekarisaTvis aucilebelia.
mekaris mier TamaSis teqnikuri xerxebis srulyofilad floba, maTi
zustad da saimedod Sesruleba eqstremalur situaciebSi. karSi da
gamosvlebze warmatebuli moqmedeba, gaazrebuli urTierToba part-
niorebTan da Setevis organizacia–yovelive es is ZiriTadi teqnikur–
taqtikuri moqmedebebia, romelTa Sesrulebis maRali efeqturobac
TavisTavad mekaris moTamaSis maRali klasis maCvenebelicaa.

dacvis xazis moTamaSeebi

Tanamedrove fexburTSi mcvelebis movaleobani da maTi moqmede-
bebis diapazoni gafarTovda. Tuki adre mcvelis ZiriTadi amocana mow-
inaaRmdegis Setevis ~CaSla” iyo, amJamad dacvaSi karg TamaSs sakuTari
gundis SetevebSi aqtiuri CarTva da mis sxvadasxva fazaSi monawileo-
bac daemata. didi moculobis samuSaosa da mravalferovani taqtiku-
ri moqmedebebis Sesrulebis aucileblobam kidev ufro mniSvnelovani
gaxada mcvelTa aTleturi momzadebis roli. Zalis, gamZleobis, sis-
wrafis, moqnilobis, mxtomelobis, saTanado sastarto siCqaris gan-
viTarebis maRali donis gareSe Tanamedrove fexburTSi ramdenadme
seriozul warmatebaze fiqric ki warmoudgenelia. moZraobis maRali
koordinacia, teqnikuri xerxebis srulyofilad floba, dacvasa da
SetevaSi partniorebTan urTierTSeTanxmebuli moqmedebebi mcvelebis
momzadebis aucilebeli winapirobaa.
dacvaSi TamaSisas mcvelebisaTvis ZiriTadi teqnikur–taqtikuri
moTxovnebia:
1. zonaSi gaazrebuli moqmedeba;
2. mowinaaRmdegis karTan moaxloebisas mWidro meurveobaze gadasvla;
3. maRali burTisaTvis brZola;
4. partniorebisa da aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi mekaris dazRveva;
5. drouli moqmedebebi mowinaaRmdegis gadacemis da dartymebis
gasaneitraleblad.
Setevis organizaciis dros mcvelebis TamaSi Semdegi saxis ZiriTad
moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes;
1. burTis dauflebis Semdeg partnioris misamarTiT drouli da
zusti gadacemis Sesruleba;
2. flangze gaxsna, roca burTs daeufleba mekare, an partniori da
maTgan gadacemis miReba;
3. SetevaSi moulodnelad CarTva da TamaSis gamwvaveba.
fexburTelebs, romlebic dacvis centralur zonaSi moqmedeben,
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gansakuTebuli misia akisriaT, imdenad, ramdenad-

97
 ac maT uxdebaT sakuTari karis win yvelaze saxifaTo zonaSi mowinaaRm-
degis moqmedebaTa ganeitraleba.
fizikur da teqnikur momzadebasTan erTad mcveli unda iyos maRa-
li, gamoirCeodes mxtomelobis gamoxatuli unariT, rac gansakuTre-
biT mniSvnelovani Tvisebaa mowinaaRmdegesTan maRali burTisaTvis
brZolaSi.
mcvels unda SeeZlos personaluri meurveoba da davalebiT moce-
mul zonaSi TamaSisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli taqtikuri moqmedebebis Se-
Tavseba. aqedan pirveli da ZiriTadi movaloebaa – mimagrebuli fex-
burTelis moqmedebaTa kontroli da meore – zonaSi TamaSi.
dacvaSi TamaSisas mcvelis movaleobaa xeli SeuSalos mowinaaRmde-
gis Tavdamsxmels Canafiqris ganxorcielebaSi. Setevis dros burTis
dauflebis Semdeg mcveli swrafad miiwevs win, erTveba SeteviT moqmede-
baSi an asrulebs gadacemas, igi kargad unda afasebdes pizicias, unda
moaxerxos amoicnos mowinaaRmdegis taqtikuri svlebi, daikavos pozi-
cia dacvaSi burTis dasaufleblad da dasazRvevad. SetevaSi CarTvisas
mcveli ikavebs xelsayrel pozicias mekaris mimarT an partniorisagan
burTis misaRebad da Semdeg mravalferovani gadacemebis saSualebiT
agrZelebs Setevis ganviTarebas. epizodurad TviTon monawileobs
Setevis damamTavrebel fazaSi, amwvavebs situacias mowinaaRmdegis sa-
jarimo moednis siaxloves moulodneli da efeqturi gadacemiT an uSu-
alod TviTon amTavrebs Setevas karSi dartymiT. mcvelTa funqciebis
ganviTarebaSi SeiniSneba TamaSi universalizaciisaken miswrafeba. maTi
saTamaSo moqmedebebi xSirad Zalian hgavs naxevarmcvelebisa da Tav-
damsxmelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel taqtikur moqmedebebs.

Sua xazis moTamaSeebi

Tanamedrove fexburTSi Sua xazis moTamaSeebis moqmedebebi gun-
dis warmatebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgens. am xaz-
is fexburTelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia sanimuSo funqcionaluri
SesaZleblobani, rac mTeli TamaSi ganmavlobaSi uzrunvelyofs maRa-
li Sromisunarianobis gamovlinebas. isini aqtiurad unda moqmedebd-
nen Setevasa da dacvaSi da rac mTavaria unda SeeZloT TamaSis maRal
tempSi warmarTva. taqtikuri momzadebulobis TvalsazrisiT Sua xa-
zis moTamaSeebis moqmedebebi unda iyos moqnili, xasiaTdebodes gun-
duri TamaSis warmarTvisas gamoyenebuli saSualebebisa da meTodebis
mravalferovnebiT. amis safuZvels qmnis maRali saSemsruleblo os-
tatoba. maTTvis konkretulad damaxasiaTebelia mravalferovani gad-
acemebis srulyofilad da zogadad ki – teqnikuri xerxebis nebismier
saTamaSo situaciaSi gamoyenebis unari.
Setevis Suaxazis moTamaSeebis ZiriTadi moqmedebebia:
1. dacvidan TavdasxmaSi gadasvlis organizacia da Setevis Semdgomi
ganviTareba;
2. Sua moednis kontroli da gundis mier xangrZlivi drois manZil-

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ze burTis da Sesabamisad iniciativis floba;
3. monawileoba Setevis damTavrebul fazaSi;
4. urTierTmoqmedeba uaxloes da Soreul partniorebTan;
5. Setevis ganviTarebisas flangidan flangze gadacemis saSualebiT
moulodnelobis efeqtis Seqmna:
6. moednis siganeze da siRrmeSi swori ganlagebis saSualebiT mowi-
naaRmdegis mier swrafi Setevis ganviTarebis neitralizacia;
7. moednis mocemul zonaSi uaxloesi mowinaaRmdegis moqmedebaTa
kontrolis uzrunvelyofa an misi personaluri meurveoba;
8. gadacemebisa da karSi dartymebis sawinaaRmdego moqmedebebi.
9. partniorebis dazRveva da maTTan urTierTmoqmedebebis orga-
nizacia. gundis Sua xazi, rogorc wesi, kompleqtdeba iseTi fexbur-
TelebiT, romlebsac SeswevT unari, imoqmedon sxvadasxva taqtikuri
gegmis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.

Tavdasxmis xazis moTamaSeebi

rogorc Setevis xazis nebismieri moTamaSe, Tavdamsxmelic unda
iyos swrafi, gabeduli da maRali gamZleobis mqone. TavdamsxmelisaT-
vis aucilebelia Tvisebebia: moqmedebaTa tempisa da sistemis cvlis
unari, mowinaaRmdegisaTvis moulodnelad ~afeTqeba”, Zalisa da mx-
tomelobis Tvisebis floba orTabrZolis efeqturad warmarTvisaTvis.
mis moqmedebaTa arsenalSi Sedis – uburTod manevrireba da teqnikuri
xerxebis maRali siswrafiT Sesruleba. Tavdamsxmelebi valdebulni ar-
ian gabedulad da damoukideblad imoqmedon Setevis damagvirgvinebel
fazaSi. unda SeeZloT partniorebTan urTierToba kombinaciuri Tama-
Sis dros da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi improvizaciis demonstrireba.
SetevaSi Tavdamsxmelis moqmedebebia:
1. `TamaSgare~ mdgomareobis zRvarze poziciis SerCeva da saWiroe-
bis dros ukan daxeva partniorisgan gadacemis misaRebad;
2. flangze swrafi manevrireba da ~gamWoli” an nebismieri sxva saxis
gadacema mowinaaRmdegis sajarimo moedanSi;
3. Setevis xazis partniorebTan, an SetevaSi mcvelebisa da Sua xazis
moTamaSeebis CarTvisas maTTan urTierTSeTanxmebuli moqmedeba;
4. Setevis damamTavrebel fazaSi monawileoba. Tavdamsxmels Setevis
CaSlis SemTxvevaSi dacvaSi gadasvlisas evaleba mowinaRmdegis moqmede-
baTa neitralizacia da Seqmnili situaciidan gamomdinare zogierT epi-
zodSi orTabrZolaSi CarTva im fexburTelTan, romelic burTs flobs.
dacviT moqmedebaSi Tavdamsxmeli epizodurad, magram aqtiurad moq-
medebs da amave dros inaxavs Zalebs SetevaSi monawileobisaTvis.
Tavdamsxmelis movaleobaa Setevis mwvaved gagrZelebis Sesa-
Zleblobebis mudmivi Zieba, mTeli gundis moqmedebaSi aqtiurad monaw-
ileoba da misi Sedegianad dasruleba. Tavdamsxmeli bevrs moZraobs
da moednis mTel sigrZeze ~ixsneba” gadacemis misaRebad da cdilobs
umoklesi gziT gavides dasartymel poziciaze. mas unda SeeZlos Sete-

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 vis mTel frontz swrafad gadaadgileba xSir SemTxvevaSi ramdenime
mowinaaRmdegesTan orTabrZolis epizodebSi gadacemebisa da karSi
dartymebis Sesruleba. gadamwyvet situaciebSi ara Sablonuri moq-
medeba, Tavganwirva burTisaTvis brZolaSi – yvela es da sxva Tvisebebi
damaxasiaTebelia maRali klasis TavdamsxmelebisaTvis.
faqtiurad Tavdamsxmels iSviaTad ekisreba dacvaSi raime konkret-
uli movaleobis Sesruleba, maTi aqtivoba aiZulebs mcvelebs naklebad
ifiqron SetevaSi CarTvaze, radgan ver bedaven zurgs ukan swrafi da
teqnikuri Tavdamsxmelebis datovebas.
Tavdamsxmels sxvebisgan gamoarCevs individualur da jgufur mo-
qmedebaTa optimaluri Tanafardoba, poziciis sworad SerCeva, da-
mamTavrebeli moqmedebebis an teqnikuri xerxebis drois deficitis
pirobebSi efeqturad Sesruleba.

Tavdasxmis TamaSis taqtika

taqtikaSi igulisxmeba im gundis moqmedebaTa organizacia, rome-
lic flobs burTs, Tavdasxmis warmarTvis mravalferovani formebi,
Setevis ganviTarebisas tempis cvla, orTabrZolisas gamoyenebuli te-
qnikuri xerxebi– yvelaferi es did siZneleebs uqmnis dacvas, romelic
cdilobs CaSalos Seteva.
cnobilia TavdasxmaSi moqmedebis individualuri, jgufuri da gun-
duri taqtika.

individualuri taqtika
Tavdasxmis individualuri taqtika – es aris fexburTelis mizan-
dasaxuli moqmedeba, unari, SeZlos saTamaSo situaciaSi ramdenime Ses-
aZlebeli gadawyvetilebidan yvelaze sworis SerCeva da im SemTxveva-
Si, roca sakuTari gundi flobs burTs, Tavi daaRwios mowinaaRmdegis
kontrols, Seqmnas saTamaSo sivrce TavisTvis da partniorisaTvis,
aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi uSualod Caebas orTabrZolaSi.

individualuri moqmedebebi uburTod da burTiT

fexburTelTa uburTod moqmedebebs miekuTvneba: gaxsna, manevrireba
Setevis xazze, moednis garkveul zonaSi ricxobrivi upiratesobis Seqmna.
moqmedebebi burTiT _ fexburTelis ZiriTadi moqmedebebia: tareba,
cru moZraobebi, dartymebi, gadacemebi da gaCereba.

jgufuri taqtika
safexburTo matCis msvlelobisas warmoSobil taqtikur amocanaTa
umravlesobis gadaWris saSualeba – kombinaciaa.
kombinacia, es aris ori an meti fexburTelis urTierTmoqmedeba,
romlebic monawileoben konkretuli taqtikuri amocanis gadawyveta-

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Si. mTeli TamaSi Sedgeba kombinaciebisagan. kombinacia SeiZleba iyos
wvrTnis procesSi winaswar momzadebuli, misi mravaljer gameorebis
Sedegi, an fexburTelTa SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis produqti.
gundi Sedgeba rgolebisagan, anu taqtikuri erTeulebisagan, rom-
lebic TamaSis garkveul momentSi erToblivad cdiloben taqtikuri
amocanis gadaWras. cxadia, rom kombinaciaSi monawile fexburTelebis
urTierTSeTanxmebul moqmedebebzea damokidebuli warmateba. amitom
did mniSvnelobas iZens urTierTgageba, anu ~partnioris grZnoba” kom-
binaciis ganxorcielebisas. mxolod am SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli kombi-
naciis warmatebiT dasruleba.
cnobilia kombinaciis ori ZiriTadi saxe: standartuli mdgomare-
obis gaTamaSeba da matCis msvlelobisas Seqmnili saTamaSo epizodebi:.
kombinaciebi standartuli mdgomareobebis gaTamaSebisas Semde-
gia: burTis miwodeba gverdiTi xazidan (auti), sajarimo dartyma, Ta-
visufali dartyma, kuTxuri datyma, karidan burTis TamaSSi Seyvana.
standartuli mdgomareobebi saSualebas iZleva winaswar xelsayrel
poziciebze moxdes fexburTelebis ganlageba. TamaSis procesSi kombi-
naciis gaTamaSebis sxvadasxva varianti arsebobs.
kombinaciebis Catarebis SesaZlebloba saTamaSo epizodebSi: – war-
moiqmneba im SemTxvevaSi, roca gundi burTs daeufleba. cxadia, rom im
gundis moTamaSeebi, romlebic burTs floben, aucileblad gadaadg-
ildebian moedanze da amitom, am saxis kombinaciebs yovelTvis aqvs
improvizaciis elferi.
nebismieri kombinaciis Catareba da maTi logikur dasasrulamde mi-
yvana bevrad aris damokidebuli ara marto momzadebulobis doneze,
aramed fexburTelis taqtikur azrovnebaze. amitom calkeuli moTama-
Seebis da mTlianad gundis taqtikuri momzadeba imiTacaa ganpirobebu-
li, Tu ramdenad SeswevT maT unari – SemoqmedebiTad gaiazron mwvrT-
nelis davaleba.
saTamaSo epizodebSi jgufur urTierTmoqmedebebs adgili aqvs
wyvilebSi, sameulebSi da a.S.
kombinacia xorcieldeba manevrebis (gadaadgileba) saSualebiT. ma-
gram manevrebis SemakavSirebeli mudam iyo da iqneba burTis gadacemebi.
kombinacia wyvilebSi – cnobilia ori partnioris urTierTmoqmede-
bebis kombinaciebis Semdegi saxeebi: ~kedlis gaTamaSeba”, ~gadajvared-
ineba” da ~burTis gadacema”.
kombinaciebi sameulebSi – sam partniors Soris urTierTmoqmede-
baTa kombinaciebs miekuTvneba: ~burTis gatareba”, ~adgilis cvla”, da
~erTi SexebiT TamaSi”.

gunduri taqtika
gunduri teqnika es aris konkretul saTamaSo situaciaSi mTeli
gundis koleqtiur moqmedebaTa organizacia. Tavdasxmisa da dacviTi
moqmedebebis swori organizaciis gareSe gundis TamaSi qaosur xasiaTs

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 atarebs, ar Cans mizanmimarTuleba da gaurkvevelia calkeul moTama-
SeTa funqciebi.
mTeli Tavisi istoriis manZilze fexburTSi iqmneboda sxvadasxva
taqtikuri sistemebi, romelTa mixedviTac naTeli iyo moTamaSeTa gan-
lageba da maT Soris funqciebis ganawileba.
nebismieri taqtikuri sistemiT TamaSis dros gunduri taqtika xor-
cieldeba moqmedebaTa ori saxis saSualebiT, esenia: swrafi da TandaT-
anobiT Tavdasxma.

swrafi Tavdasxma
gundis SeteviT moqmedebaTa Soris swrafi Tavdasxma yvelaze efeq-
turia. misi arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom ori – sami gadacemiT xdeba
Setevis wamowyeba Seteva. es aris gundis moqmedebaTa organizacia, rom-
lis saboloo mizania mowinaaRmdegis karis aReba. swrafi Tavdasxmis
upiratesoba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mowinaaRmdege ver aswrebs dacvaSi
Zalebis gadanawilebas. SetevaSi monawile fexburTelTa moqmedebebi
moulodnelia da mimdinarobs swraf tempSi. fexburTelebi drois maq-
simalurad mcire monakveTSi gadacemaTa naklebi raodenobiT cdilo-
ben partnioris xelsayrel poziciaSi gayvanas.
Tanamedrove fexburTSi, mas Semdeg, rac gundi daeufleba burTs,
saTamaSo epizodis msvlelobisas gamoyofen Setevis or fazas.
pirveli faza – ~gadasvla”, anu dacvidan swrafi Tavdasxmis xerxiT
Setevaze gadasvlis moqmedebaTa organizacia.
meore faza – ~Setevaze” – mowinaaRmdegis dacvis garRveva manamde,
sanam is SeZlebs Setevis neitralizaciis moqmedebaTa organizacias.

TandaTanobiTi Tavdasxma
TandaTanobiTi Tavdasxmis dros Setevis organizacia xdeba gad-
acemaTa didi raodenobis saSualebiT. drois xangrZlivi monakveTis
ganmavlobaSi xorcieldeba burTis kontroli, kombinaciebis Catareba
mimdinaeobs mokle da saSualo gadacemebiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom gada-
cemaTa nawili sruldeba moednis gaswvriv, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca
SetevaSi erTvebian dacvis xazis moTamaSeebi. miuxedavad burTis didi
drois ganmavlobaSi flobisa, TandaTanobiTi Tavdasxmis efeqturoba
SedarebiT dabalia. Setevis organizebaze daxarjuli dro mowinaaRm-
deges aZlevs saSualebas gadaajgufos sakuTari Zalebi da saimedod
gaamagros karis misadgomebi. organizebuli Seteva Tavdamsxmelebisa-
gan moiTxovs kombinaciaTa garkveuli raodenobiT Catarebas manamde,
sanam Secdomis Sedegad SesaZlebeli ar iqneba dacvis zonis garRve-
va. masirebuli dacvis daZleva mcire ZalebiT iSviaTad xdeba. amitom,
Setevis gaZliereba mxolod masSi monawile fexburTelTa ricxvis gaz-
rdis Semdegaa SesaZlebeli. TandaTanobiTi Tavdasxmis aseTnairad or-

102
ganizeba qmnis mowinaaRmdegis naxevris zonaSi ricxobrivi upirateso-
bis Seqmnis Sanss.

dacvaSi TamaSis taqtika

dacvis taqtika gulisxmobs gundis moqmedebaTa organizacias, roca
burTs mowinaaRmdege flobs.
dacvaSi TamaSis saerTo gunduri meTodi SeiZleba iyos personal-
uri, zonuri da kombinirebuli. dacvaSi TamaSis meTodis SerCevisas
aucilebelia mcvelTa individualuri Tvisebebisa da SesaZleblobebis
gaTvaliswineba.
dacvaSi TamaSis taqtikuri ostatoba imaSi mdgomareobs – roca
mcvelma kargad icis – rodisaa mizanSewonili mowinaaRmdegis ~daWera”,
rodisaa saWiro misi partniorze ~gadabareba” da rodisaa gamarTle-
buli zonaSi TamaSi. kargad organizebuli dacva SemdgomSi SeteviTi
moqmedebebis organizaciis aucilebeli pirobaa.
dacvaSi TamaSi mravalferovania da mimarTulia sakuTari karis da-
sacavad, rogorc TavdasxmaSi, aseve dacvaSi TamaSis drosac adgili
aqvs individualur, gjufur da gundur taqtikur moqmedebebs.

individualuri taqtika
dacvaSi TamaSis warmateba damokidebulia ara marto swor daz-
Rvevaze, moTamaSeTa jgufis urTierTSenacvlebasa da SeTanxmebul mo-
qmedebebze, aramed maT unarze – sworad SearCios pozicia da konkret-
ul situaciaSi, gansazRvros rodis, ra momentSi Caebas orTabrZolaSi,
ra SemTxvevaSi daixios ukan da a.S. anu, imoqmedos individualurad
partnioris uSualo daxmarebis gareSe.
dacvaSi individualuri taqtikuri moqmedebebi gansxvavdebian erT-
maneTisgan imisda mixedviT, mowinaaRmdege gadaadgildeba uburTod Tu
flobs burTs.
es ori ZiriTadi momenti dacvis xazis moTamaSeebisagan moiTxovs
sxvadasxva saxis individualur taqtikur moqmedebebs.
mowinaaRmdege ar flobs burTs – aseT SemTxvevaSi mcveli cdilobs:
a) SeuSalos xeli mowinaaRmdeges burTis miRebaSi, e.i. ~aiyvanos”
igi:
b) CaWras ~gadacema”, romlis adresatic misi uaxloesi mowinaaRmde-
gea e.i. daaswros metoqes da daeuflos burTs.
mowinaaRmdege flobs burTs – aseT SemTxvevaSi mcvelis brZolaSi
Cabma uxdeba maSin, rodesac metoqe iRebs burTs, an ukve akontrolebs
mas. orTabrZolis warmateba, an warumatebloba damokidebulia mcv-
elis gamocdilebaze – ramdenad sworad da droulad gamoiyenebs im
xerxebs, romlebmac unda uzrunvelyos taqtikuri amocanis gadaWra
– waarTvas burTi mowinaaRmdeges, an ar misces mas Tavisuflad moq-
medebis saSualeba.

103
 mcveli unda cdilobdes burTis warTmevas misi miRebis momentSi,
roca metoqis yuradRebis moculobis didi nawili teqnikuri xerxis
Sesrulebazea gadatanili.
aseT dros mcveli cdilobs:
a) waarTvas burTi;
b) xeli SeuSalos gadacemis SesrulebaSi;
g) ar misces burTis tarebis saSualeba;
d) xeli SeuSalos dartymis ganxorcielebaSi.
es aris dacvaSi TamaSis is ZiriTadi individualuri taqtikuri moq-
medebebi, romlebsac mcveli iyenebs maSin, roca metoqe burTs flobs.

jgufuri taqtika
dacvaSi TamaSis jgufuri taqtikis ZiriTad Sinaarss dacvis xazis
moTamaSeTa moqmedebaTa organizacia warmoadgens, romelic mimarTu-
lia SetevaSi monawile fexburTelebis winaaRmdeg. yvela mcveli mzadaa
daexmaros, an exmareba partniors, romelic metoqesTan orTabrZolaSi
Caeba. amgvarad, uSualo daxmrebis garda adgili aqvs partnioris daz-
Rvevas, amas xels uwyobs poziciis sworad SerCeva.
jgufuri taqtika dacvaSi niSnavs jgufur moqmedebebs nebismieri
mowinaaRmdegis mimarT, romelTa TamaSic xifaTs uqmnis sakuTar kars.
dacvaSi ori moTamaSis urTierTmoqmedebis xerxs miekuTvneba:
a) dazRveva;
b) kombinaciebis ~kedlisa” da ~gadajvaredinebis” winaaRmdeg kon-
trTamaSis organizacia;
g) kombinacia burTis ~gatarebis” sawinaaRmdego moqmedebebi;
d) xelovnuri ~TamaSgare” mdgomareobis Seqmna;
e) ~kedlis” dayeneba.

gunduri taqtika
dacvaSi gunduri TamaSis safuZvels warmoadgens taqtikuri moq-
medebebis organizacia, romelic warmatebiT xorcieldeba Setevisas da
iZleva dacvidan SetevaSi gadasvlis saSualebas. dacviTi funqciebis
Sesrulebis dros adgili aqvs Zalebis koncentracias yvelaze saxifa-
To zonaSi, mcvelTa gadaadgilebas da urTierTmonacvleobas Seqmnili
saTamaSo situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT.
dacvaSi moqmedebis taqtikuri amocanebidan gamomdinare gun-
dur TamaSSi iyeneben personaluri, zonuri da kombinirebuli dacvis
meTodebs.
personaluri dacva – es aris dacvis iseTi organizacia, roca yve-
la mcveli personalurad meurveobs metoqes im mizniT, rom SezRu-
dos misi moqmedebebi da gaagrZelos partniorebTan kontaqti. amitom,
mcveli maqsimalurad axlos eTamaSeba da akontrolebs mowinaaRmdegis
moqmedebas.

104
 personaluri dacva moiTxovs TamaSis taqtikur gagebas, swraf moq-
medebas da sxvadasxva funqciebis Sesrulebis unars.
zonuri dacva – es aris dacvaSi TamaSi taqtikuri xerxi, romlis
gamoyenebis drosac dacvis xazis yvela moTamaSe akontrolebs moednis
garkveul zonas da ebmeba orTabrZolaSi mowinaaRmdegis nebismier fex-
burTelTan, vinc ki am zonis farglebSi moxvdeba. garda amisa, adgili
aqvs urTierTdaxmarebis momentebsac dazRvevis saxiT.
dacvaSi TamaSis aucilebeli elementebia metoqis erTmaneTze ~gad-
abareba”, aseTi ~gadabareba” unda xdebodes Setevis dawyebamde, an uSu-
alod Setevis dawyebisas. metoqis ~gadabareba” sakuTari karis siax-
loves da Setevis damamTavrebel fazaSi ar aris rekomendirebuli.
zonuri dacvis upiratesoba personalurTan SedarebiT imaSi mdgo-
mareobs, rom moednis arc erTi monakveTi kontrolis gareSe ar rCeba.
magram am sistemasac aqvs uaryofiTi mxareebi. Tavdamsxmelebs Sedare-
biT Tavisuflad SeuZliaT gadaadgileba, naklebi winaaRmdegoba xvde-
baT burTis miRebis momentSi, xSirad axerxeben ricxobrivi upirateso-
bis Seqmnas da a.S.
kombinirebuli dacva – Tanamedrove fexburTSi yvelaze ufro
gavrcelebuli da racionaluri taqtikuri xerxia. am SemTxvevaSi har-
moniuladaa Serwymuli personaluri da zonuri dacvis principebi:
moTamaSeTa erTi jgufi personalurad meurveobis metoqes, meore ki,
ZiriTadad zonaSi TamaSobs.
am ori meTodidan erT-erTis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva epizodSi Tama-
Sis msvlelobidan gamomdinare SeuZlia erT fexburTelsac. aseTi un-
ari afarToebs gundis dacviT SesaZleblobebs, mravalferovans xdis
dacvaSi TamaSs.

105
 meore done

TamaSis evolucia
taqtikuri sistema – es aris gundis saTamaSo moqmedebaTa orga-
nizacia, sadac gansazRvrulia yvela moTamaSis funqcia da ganlageba
safexburTo moedanze.
yovel taqtikur sistemas aqvs misTvis met–naklebad damaxasiaTebe-
li niSnebi, romlebsac miekuTvneba moTamaSeTa ganlageba, TamaSis warm-
arTvis xerxebi da formebi, moTamaSeTa funqciebi.
ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT yvelaze ufro moZravia individualu-
ri taqtika. Cndeba axali teqnikuri xerxebi, icvleba adre cnobili
teqnikuri xerxebis Sesrulebis manera da diapazoni. yovelive es in-
dividualuri TamaSis ZiriTad saSualebad iqceva. aq taqtikuri gad-
awyvetilebebis cvla ufro xSiria. rogorc ki SesaZlebeli xdeba Sete-
vis warmarTvis axali gzis migneba, amas maSinve mohyveba dacvis mxridan
sapasuxo reaqcia, anu iwyeba neitralizaciis gzebisa da saSualebebis
Zieba, rac garkveuli drois Semdeg warmatebiT mTavrdeba.
sxva situacias aqvs adgili gunduri TamaSis organizaciis dros,
romlis gamoxatulebasac taqtikuri sistema warmoadgens. rogorc
wesi, TamaSi maSin mimdinareobs sainteresod, roca ZalTa Sefardeba
Tavdasxmasa da dacvas Soris balansirebulia. siaxle dacvaSi garkveu-
li periodis Semdeg aucileblad ganapirobebs kontr-RonisZiebebs
SeteviT moqmedebaTa organizaciaSi. amgvarad, erT taqtikur sistemas
cvlis meore–ufro progresuli taqtikuri sistema. TamaSis taqtikuri
sistemebis cvla mTlianad damokidebulia zogadad TamaSis ganviTare-
bis procesze da drois sakmaod mniSvnelovan periods moicavs.
fexburTis matCSi nebismier taqtikur kombinacias axorcielebs
moTamaSeTa jgufi. saTamaSo rgolebi mcvlebisagan, naxevarmcvelebi-
sagan da Tavdamsxmelebisagan Sedgeba. yvela gundSi ramdenime rgolia,
romelTa moTamaSeebi mWidrod urTierTmoqmedeben erTmaneTTan da me-
karesTan.
fexburTma Tavisi istoriuli ganviTarebis manZilze gaiara gza in-
dividualuri moqmedebebidan TamaSis koleqtiur moqmedebaTa organi-
zaciamde. iyo dro, roca primitiuli sistemis mixedviT (1–1–9) SetevaSi
cxra moTamaSe moqmedebda, xolo dacvaSi ori fexburTeli TamaSobda
(mekare da mcveli) da araviTar rgolebze miniSnebasac ki ar hqonda
adgili. burTis gadacemebi Teoriis obieqti iyo da ara praqtikaSi ga-
moyenebuli taqtikuri xerxi. fexburTelis TamaSis Sefasebisas xSirad
ismoda: ~kargad atarebs burTs–e.i. kargad TamaSobs”. maSindeli mat-
Cebi ar gamoirCeoda gaazrebuli TamaSiT – xasiaTdeboda burTis dau-
flebisTvis uazro sirbiliT. elementaruli kombinaciis gamoyenebis
mcdelobasac ki ar hqonda adgili. xSir SemTxvevaSi TamaSi orive gun-
dis karTan ~zedaxoras” emsgavseboda.
magram dro Tavisas iRebda. fexburTelTa ganlageba imis mixedviT

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– vis ra SeuZlia _ ar SeiZleboda ar Secvliliyo. TviTon fexbur-
Telebic xvdebodnen, rom ase gagrZeleba aRar SeiZleboda.
am mimarTulebiT pirveli nabiji erTi Tavdamsxmelis naxevardacva-
Si daxeva iyo. amjerad, fexburTelTa ganlagebam aseTi saxe miiRo:
1–1–1–8, mcveli da naxevarmcveli erTmaneTis ukan ganlagdnen, xolo
Tavdamsxmels ar SeeZlo uburTod emoZrava naxevarmcvelis zurgsukan,
maSin is ~TamaSgare” mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndeboda, TamaSis maSindeli
wesebiT Tavdamsxmelebis win, Tu isini burTs ar flobdnen, sami mowi-
naaRmdege unda yofiliyo nacvlad orisa, rogorc es dResaa. Semdgom-
Si Sua xazSi kidev erTi Tavdamsxmeli aRmoCnda da moTamaSeTa ganlage-
bam Semdegi sqemis saxe miiRo: 1–1–2–7. magram fexburTelTa moedanze
poziciebis Secvlam ver SeZlo taqtikuri TvalsazrisiT raime siaxlis
Semotana TamaSis organizaciaSi.
samwuxarod, aseTi ganlageba didxans arsebobda fexburTSi. mogvi-
anebiT kidev erTma moTamaSem daikava adgili mekaresa da eqvsi Tav-
damsxmelis ukan (1–2–2–6), ramac kidev ufro gaaZliera dacvis xazi.
fexburTelTa ganlageba jer kidev ar iyo efeqturi me–19 saukunis
80–ian wlebSi ingliselebma Seqmnes e.w. piramiduli sistema (CvenSi amas
uwodeben ~xuTni xazze”) romelic ase gamoiyureboda: 1–2–3–5. mekaris
win ori mcveli da sami naxevarmcveli uzrunvelyofdnen karis usa-
frTxoebas. aseTi ganlagebis safuZveli iyo ~TamaSgare” mdgomareobis
dafiqsirebis wesi.
gundis meore xazSi centraluri naxevarmcveli Tavisuflad Ta-
maSobda danarCeni ori naxevarcmveli da ixevda ukan mxolod im SemTx-
vevaSi, roca gunds xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi uxdeboda dacva-
Si TamaSi. ganapira naxevarmcvelebis movaleoba iyo mowinaaRmdegis
ganapira Tavdamsxmelebis neitralizacia.
Setevis xazi pirvel rigSi xasiaTdeboda centraluri Tavdamsxme-
lis TamaSiT, romelsac ekisreboda e.w. ~diriJoris” roli da xSirad
ixevda ukan. Semdgom Suamarbebi odnav rCebodnen ukan burTis dasau-
fleblad. ganapira forvardebi gadaadgildebodnen moednis gverdiTi
xazis gaswvriv. aseT pirobebSi martiv taqtikur figuras, romelSic
kargad iyo gamoxatuli sxvadasxva xazis erToblivi moqmedebebi dacva-
sa da TavdasxmaSi, samkuTxedi warmoadgenda.

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 nax. 1

ZiriTad samkuTxedebs, rogorc es maCvenebia nax.1 warmoadgenen

mekare–mcveli–mcveli;
mcveli–ganapira naxevarmcveli–centraluri naxevarmcveli;
mcveli–mcveli–centraluri naxevarmcveli;
ganapira naxevarmcveli–ganapira Tavdamsxmeli–naxevarSuamarbi (in-
saidi);
centraluri naxevarmcveli–ganapira naxevarmcveli–naxevarSuamar-
bi;
centraluri naxevarmcveli–naxevarmcveli–centraluri Tavdamsx-
meli–naxevarSuamarbi.
samkuTxedebis fexburTelebs Soris sruli SeTamaSeba koleqtiuri
TamaSis warmatebis aucilebeli piroba iyo.
amgvarad, inglisis klub ~notingem forest”–is mier Camoyalibebu-
li iqna pirveli taqtikuri sistema ~xuTni xazze”.

sistema ~xuTni xazze”

am sistemis mixedviT dacva Sedgeboda ori mcvelisagan, sami naxe-
varmcvelisa da xuTi Tavdamsxmelisagan (nax.2) sakvanZo pozicia ekava
centralur naxevarmcvels, romelic erTmaneTTan akavSirebda dacvasa
da Tavdasxmas. igi warmoadgenda gundis TamaSis organizators.
1925 wels fexburTis saerTaSoriso federaciis gadawyvetilebiT
moxda cvlileba ~TamaSgare mdgomareobis” gansazRvris wesSi: SetevaSi
moTamaSis win burTis gadacemis momentSi Tu imyofeboda metoqe gundis
ori fexburTeli, maSin igi ~TamaSgare mdgomareobaSi” aRar iTvleboda.
pirvel wlebSi am cvlilebis Semdgom aSkara iyo Tavdasxmis upi-
ratesoba dacvaze. gaizarda Setevis siRrme–Tavdamsxmelebi advilad
Sediodnen metoqis sajarimoSi da imata Sedegianobamac. aucilebeli
gaxda dacvaSi efeqturi saSualebis Zebna. isev inglisSi gamoCnda axali
taqtikuri sistema.

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 nax. 2

sistema ~dubl-ve” anu ~sami damcvelis” sistema

30–wlebis dasawyisSi popularuli safexburTo klub ~arsenalis”

mwvrTneloba Cempenma karis yvelaze saxifaTo zonis gamagrebis mizniT
ukan dawia centraluri naxevarmcveli, romelic faqtiurad central-
uri mcveli gaxda. aman rasakvirvelia gamoiwvia cvlilebebi moTamaSeTa
ganlagebaSi da axali taqtikuri sistemis ~dubl–ve”–s Camoyalibebas
Seuwyo xeli. (nax.3)

nax. 3

am sistemis mixedviT ganapira mcvelebi gadaadgildebodnen gver-

diTi xazis siaxloves da maTi funqcia garemarbebis meurveoba iyo.
ganapira naxevarmcvelebma ki wamoiwies win moednis Sua xazisken. cen-
tralrma da orma Suamarbma wamoiwia win da Seqmnes Setevis wina xazi,
xolo Suamarbebma daixies ukan da or naxevarmcvelebTan erTad war-
moSva e.w `magiuri kvadrati”. swored es oTxeuli gaxda is ZriTadi
rgoli, romlis mavaleobaSic Sedioda rogor SeteviTi, aseve dacviTi
moqmedebebis organizaciac.
garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi Setevis da dacvis xazebs Soris
damyarda balansirebuli urTierToba. imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom Sete-
vis CaSla ufro advilia, vidre misi organizeba, upiratesoba dacvis
mxares aRmoCnda, ramac ganapiroba Sedegianobis Semcireba da Sesabami-
sad mayurebelTa ricxvis klebac.
aqedan gamomdinare, kvlav daiwyo Setevis gaZlierebis gzebis Zieba.

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 sistema 1_4_2_4
1958 wels SveciaSi Catarebul msoflio CempionatSi damajerebeli
gamarjveba moipova braziliis erovnulma nakrebma. am warmatebis Zir-
iTadi winapiroba iyo axali taqtikuri sistema romelic mTel msofli-
oSi gaxda popularuli.
braziliis nakrebis fexburTelebi moedanze ganlagebis mixedviT
hqmnidnen sam xazs: oTxi moTamaSe TamaSobda dacvaSi. ori naxevardacva-
Si da oTxi TavdasxmaSi.

nax.4

axali taqtikuri sistemis upiratesoba imaSi mdgomareobda, rom

moxda moTamaSeTa koncentracia dacvaSi, rac zonuri principiT dacvis
saSualebas iZleoda. centraluri damcveli sami mcvelis odnav ukan
ikavebda pozicias da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gadioda dazRvevaze. es
SesaZlebeli gaxda imitom, rom mowinaaRmdegis sami Tavdamsxmelis sa-
pirispirod oTxi mcveli moqmedebda. naxevardacvis xazi ricxobrivad
ucvleli darCa. Tavdasxmis xazis ricxobrivad Semcireba kompensirde-
boda operatiuli sivrcis gafarToebiT, amave dros mxedvelobaSi unda
miviRoT is garemoebac, rom braziliis erovnul nakrebSi, rogorc wesi,
yvela Tavdamsxmeli maRali klasis fexburTeli iyo.
darwmundnen ra, axali taqtikuri sistemis upiratesobaSi, msofli-
os wamyvanma safexburTo klubebma daiwyes misi aTviseba da msoflios
1962 wels pirvelobaze CileSi TiTqmis yvela maTgani aRWurvili iyo
e.w. ~braziliuri sistemiT”, yvela gundi, garda TviT braziliis nakre-
bisa.

sistema 1_4_3_3
msoflios axali CempionatisaTvis brazilielebma arsebiTad Secva-
les taqtikuri sistema. SenarCunebul iqna dacvis xazis ganlageba,
xolo Tavdamsxmelebisagan erTi maTgani gadayvanil iqna naxevardacva-
Si. (nax 5)

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 nax. 5

brazilielebma sworad Seafases Suaxazis mniSvneloba, rogorc

SeteviTi, aseve dacviTi moqmedebebis organizaciaSi da gaamagres moed-
nis es zona. miuxedavad dacviTi xazebis moTamaSeTa ricxobrivi upi-
ratesobisa, es sistema mainc ar aris dacviTi varianti. sami naxevar-
mcvelidan ors sistematiurad SeeZlo SetevaSi CarTva. garda amisa,
ganapira mcvelebis SetevaSi monawileobis dros centraluri mcvelebi
swrafad gadadiodnen dazRvevaze da ikavebdnen pozicias droebiT ga-
monTavisuflebul zonebSi. amas emateboda isic, rom erT–erTi cen-
traluri mcvelic dacvisaTvis umtkivneulod erTveboda TavdasxmaSi
da ricxobrivad aZlierebda Setevis xazs. swored am garemoebebma ga-
napirobes Tanamedrove fexburTSi am taqtikuri sistemis upiratesoba.

sistema 1_4_4_2
es sistema praqtikaSi cnobilia, rogorc, ~oTxi mcvelis” sistemis
erT–erTi varianti (nax.6)

nax. 6

SetevaSi Tavisufal zonas avsebdnen Suaxazis moTamaSeebi, romlebic

gamudmebiT cvlidnen Setevis mimarTulebas da aZnelebdnen dacvis organi-

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 zacias. aseve SetevaSi morigeobiT erTvebodnen ganapira mcvlebi da erT–
erTi centraluri mcveli, rac mniSvnelovnad zrdida Setevis potencials.

Tanamedrove taqtikuri sistemebi

TamaSis Tanamedrove taqtika fexburTelisagan teqnikur ostatoba-
sa da taqtikur azrovnebasTan erTad moiTxovs maRal funqcionalur
momzadebas. Tanamedrove fexburTis ganviTarebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi
mimarTuleba fexburTelTa universalizaciisa da TamaSis organizaci-
is xarjze gundis SeteviTi pontecialis gaZlierebis tendencia gaxda.
fexburTelTa maRali aqtivoba Tavdasxmasa da dacvaSi gunduri
TamaSis damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba gaxda.
momzadebis universalizacia dRevandeli da momavali fexburTis
erT–erTi damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebaa.
dRes warmoudgenilia ramdenadme mniSnvelovani warmatebis miRwe-
va safexburTo moedanze ganuwyveteli moZraobis, improvizaciis, mou-
lodneli da swrafi moqmedebebis gareSe.
maRali Cqarosnuli teqnika TamaSis ritmisa da tempis regulireba,
manevrireba moednis mTel siRrmeSi moTamaSeTa individualuri, teqni-
kuri da taqtikuri Tvisebebi sxvadasxva poziciaze TamaSis unari, fex-
burTelTa urTierTSenacvleba–ai, is ZiriTadi moTxovnebi, romelTa
arsebobac ganapirobebs fexburTelTa universalur momzadebas.
dRevandel fexburTSi Setevasa da dacvaSi arsebuli moqmedebebis
xasiaTi kargad Seesabameba TamaSis warmarTvis individualur meTodebs
sxvadasxva xazis fexburTelTa sworad organizebuli urTierTSenacv-
leba mcvelebsac da naxevarmcvelebsac saSualebas aZlevs aqtiurad
CaerTon SetevaSi da amave dros garantirebuli hqondeT sakuTari
karis usafrTxoeba.
calkeuli ~varskvlavebis” moqmedebebi sul ufro da ufro emor-
Cileba koleqtiuri TamaSis principebs. rasakvirvelia, es garemoeba
srulebiTac ar niSnavs imdividualurad Zlieri moTamaSeebis rolis
uaryofas. improvizacia, rac adre mxolod individualuri moqmede-
bebisaTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli, amJamad jgufuri moqmedebebisaTvisac
aucilebeli Tviseba xdeba. aseTi ~jgufuri” improvizacia moulod-
nelia mowinaaRmdegisaTvis, rac Tavis mxriv iwvevs dacvaSi TamaSis
dezorganizacias. es SesaZlebelia maSin, roca gunds hyavs Sesabamisi
Semsruleblebi.
TamaSis stilSi igulisxmeba saerTo, an ganmasxvavebeli niSnebis er-
Toblioba, rac damaxasiaTebelia rogorc calkeuli fexburTelisa da
gundisaTvis, aseve mTlianobaSi – nacionaluri fexburTisaTvisac.
stili – es aris moTamaSeTa fsiqikuri da fizikuri Tvisebebis, Tama-
Sis warmarTvis teqnikur-taqtikuri kulturis gamoxatuleba. ase mag-
aliTad qarTuli fexburTis stilis ZiriTadi niSnebia: maRali teqni-
kuri ostatoba, improvizacia, moulodneli, araordinaluri taqtikuri
moqmedebebi, romelTa amocnoba xSir SemTxvevaSi mowinaaRmdeges uWirs.

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 taqtika, sistema da stili erTmaneTs avseben da organulad erTi-
anni arian. TamaSis warmarTvis dRes arsebuli meTodebi da taqtikuri
sqemebi TamaSis universaluri sistemis Seqmnis iseT pirobas qmnian, ro-
melTa saxecvlileba SesaZlebelia TamaSis procesSi.
moTamaSeTa axleburad ganlagebam SesaZlebeli gaxada gundis rgo-
lebs Soris axali taqtikuri kavSirebis damyareba. kavSirebi moednis
siganesa da siRrmeSi gafarTovda. marTalia, axal sistemas didi gav-
lena ar mouxdenia ganapira mcvelebis TamaSze magram sxva moTamaSe-
Ta fuqnciebi da amocanebi mniSvnelovnad Seicvala. dacvis centris
gakontroleba daekisra or centralur mcvels, romlebic ganapira
mcvelebis msgavsad iyeneben zonuri dacvis princips.
Sua xazis moTamaSeTa ZiriTad amocanas, dacvas da Tavdasxmas So-
ris kavSiris uzrunvelyofa da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi maTi funqciebis
Sesruleba warmoadgens.
Setevis xazze ori Tavdamsxmeli ZiriTadad flangebze moqmedebs.
Setevis CaSlisas isini swrafad ixeven ukan. centraluri Tavdamsxmele-
bi xSirad icvlian adgils, manevrireben moednis siganeze da aqtiur
monawileobas iReben Setebis damamTavrebel fazaSi.
taqtikis Semdgomma evoluciam warmoSva axali taqtikuri sistema
1–4–4–2.
am sistemis Tavisebureba imaS mdgomareobs, rom naxevardacvaSi
moTamaSeTa raodenoba oTxamde gaizarda, Sesabamisad moxda moTamaSeTa
koncentracia moednis Sua zonaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom Tavdamsxmel-
Ta raodenoba Semcirda _ SetevaSi monawileTa ricxvi naxevarmcvel-
Ta da mcvelTa aqtiurobis xarjze 5–6–mde gaizarda. gundis ZiriTad
rgols moednis Sua xazi warmoadgens. aq xdeba moTamaSeTa koncentri-
reba da maTi moqmedebaTa organizacia dacvasa da SetevaSi warmoSobi-
li konkretuli amocanebis Sesabamisad. bunebrivia konstruqciuli
roli am sistemis mixedviT Sua xazis fexburTelebs miekuTvneba. isini,
rogorc wesi, universaluri momzadebis moTamaSeebi arian, romlebTac
SeuZliaT moedanze nebismieri funqciis Sesruleba, isini didxans flo-
ben burTs, TamaSoben kombinaciurad, saSualo da grZeli gadacemebiT
cvlian Setevis mimarTulebas.
TavdasxmaSi moqmed or fexburTels warmatebiT SeuZlia TamaSi
flangebze da centrSi. maTi swrafi gadaadgilebebi Setevis zonaSi
bevr problemas uqmnis mowinaaRmdegis dacvas.
taqtikuri sistemis 1–4–2–4 Setevis dros rgolebi, rogorc wesi,
Semdeg saxes iRebs:
ganapira Tavdamsxmeli – naxevarmcveli – centraluri Tavdamsxmeli;
naxevarmcveli(dispeCeri)–centraluri Tavdamsxmeli–centraluri
Tavda–msxmeli;
naxevarmcveli– centraluri Tavdamsxmeli – naxevarmcveli (dispet-
Ceri);
centraluri Tavdamsxmeli–centraluri Tavdamsxmeli–ganapira Ta-

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 vda–msxmeli da sxva rgolebi dacvaSi Cveulebisamebr aseTi iyo:
centraluri mcveli (stopperi) –centraluri mcveli– naxevarmcveli;
centraluri mcveli–ganapira mcveli– naxevarmcveli (dispetCeri);
mekare – centraluri mcveli – centraluri mcveli (stoppereri);
mekare– centraluri mcveli–naxevarmcveli;
mekare–naxevarmcveli (dispetCeri) naxevarmcveli.
axali sistema, romelmac sayovelTao aRiareba hpova, axal gar-
daqmnebs moiTxovda da sistema 1–4–2–4 axali sistemad 1–4–3–3-ad
Camoyalibda. fexburTelTa aseTma ganlagebam axali taqtikuri Sesa-
Zleblobebi warmoSva.
msoflio Cempionatebze 1970 wels meqsikaSi, 1974– frg–Si da 1978
argentinaSi gundebis umravlesoba Semdegi sqemiT TamaSobda 1–1–3–3–3.
am siaxlem daadastura: Tu gundi eufleboda burTs, maSin mTeli gun-
di Setevaze gadadioda, xolo Tu metoqe flobda burTs– mTeli gundi
dacvaSi TamaSobda.
espaneTisa(1982w) da meqsikis (1986) CempionatebSi axal globalur
taqtikur ideebs adgili ar hqonia. taqtikis ganviTarebaSi xarisxo-
brivi winsvla Seferxda. TamaSi grZeldeboda totaluri fexburTis
farglebSi, TiTqmis yvela gundSi amaRlda koleqtiuri TamaSis mniS-
vneloba.
ukanasknel wlebSi SeiniSneba naxevarmcvelTa Sedegiani TamaSis mkve-
Tri zrda da arc Tu usafuZvlod. efeqturi Seteva metwilad damok-
idebulia Suaxazis moTamaSeTa moqmedebebze.
am tendenciam asaxva hpova evropis VII Cempionatze 1984 w. safrangeT-
Si, sadac rva gundidan eqvsi TamaSobda xuTi naxevarmcveliT sistemiT
1–3–5–2, an (safrangeTi, dania, espaneTi) 1–4–5–1 (portugalia, rumine-
Ti, iugoslavia) Tumca cifri xuTi pirobiTia, rameTu aseTi siaxlis
arsi moTamaSeTa funqciebis cvalebadobaSi da TviT yvela ampluis
fexburTelTa TamaSis mravalferovnebaSi mdgomareobs.
dRes gundebis absoluturi umravlesoba ori forvadiT TamaSobs
oTxi mcvelis TamaSi ori Tavdamsxmelis winanaaRmdeg didi fufune-
baa. amitom mwvrTnelebma erTi mcveli Sua xazSi gaamweses. mcvelTa
klasikurma ganlagebam praqtikuli mniSvneloba dakarga. fexburTelTa
koncentraciam Sua xazSi gaaadvila saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi dacvidan
SetevaSi da Setevidan dacvaSi fexburTelTa gadarTva. naxevarmcveleb-
ma, romlebic Wkvianurad icaven karis misadgomebs, saSualeba misca
mcvelebs ukanmouxedavad CaerTon SetevaSi. garda amisa, TviT naxe-
varmcvelebi gabedulad axerxeben moednis nebismier zonaSi Tavisi po-
tencialis realizebas. aseTi sistemiT TamaSma uzrunvelyo aramarto
gansazRvrul zonaSi situaciis Sesabamisad moTamaSeTa koncentracia,
aramed xeli Seuwyo gundis SigniT datvirTvebis metnaklebad reguli-
rebas. axla matCebSi iseTi maRali datvirTvebia, rom maTi or–sam fex-
burTelze ganawileba praqtikulad SeuZlebelia isini ubralod aseT
datvirTvebs ver gauZleben.

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 Tanamedrove TamaSis struqtura ara marto moTamaSeTa ganlage-
bas iTvaliswinebs, aramed imasac, rom datvirTva Tanabari iyos, aseve
mniSvnelovania dacvisa da Setevis erTianoba maTi gamovlinebis sxvad-
sasxva situaciebSi. amitom, dRevandel pirobebSi safexburTo klubebi
dabejiTebiT aCveneben, rom moTamaSeTa nomrebi zurgze yovelTvis ar
emTxveva moedanze maT funqcias – roca mcvelTa moqmedebebi enacvleba
naxevarmcvelebisas, naxevarmcvelebis Tavdamsxmelebisas da a.S.
amgvarad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom fexburTelTa nomrebi ukve ar asaxavs
maT ganlagebas moedanze. maTi daniSnuleba mxolod isaa – gavarCioT
moTamaSeebi erTmaneTisagan. praqtikaSi yvelaferi bevrad rTulia.
imisTvis, rom aCvenon maRali klasi, moTamaSeebi valdebulni arian
hqondeT teqnikuri momzadebis maRali done, taqtikuri azrovneba da
Sesabamisi unar–Cvevebi. fexburTelebis funqciebi moedanze xSirad
icvleba. amitom, aucilebelia, fexburTelTa movaleobis gansazRva sx-
vadasxva saTamaSo situaciebSi.

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 mesame done

burTis gadacemaTa klasifikacia

burTis gadacemas samarTlianad uwodeben fexburTis enas. is unda
iyos iseTi, rom daiwyos, an ganaviTaros Seteva. amitom, siCqares, rom-
liTac moZraobs burTi gadacemisas, didi mniSvneloba aqvs. adre Tu
fexburTelTa gadaadgileba umTavresad erTi xazis moTamaSeebs Soris
xdeboda, axla ki – erTi rgolidan meoreSi da am mimarTulebiT gan-
sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba SeiZina burTis gadacemam. gansakuTrebulad
mniSvnelovani, gadamwyveti Tanamedrove fexburTSi gaxda gadacemis
teqnikis faqtori. amitom, aucilebelia fexburTSi miRebuli gadace-
mebis klasificireba maTi Sinaarsidan gamomdinare.
1.daniSnulebis mixedviT burTis gadacema SeiZleba: fexSi, moZrao-
baSi, Tavisufal adgilze mowinaaRmdegis zurgsukan, dartymaze da a.S.
2. distanciis mixedviT gadacemebi iyofa: mokle (5–10 m), saSualo
(10–25 m) da grZeli (25 metrze meti).
3. gadacemebi mimarTulebis mixedviT SeiZleba iyos: pirdapiri, gas-
wvrivi da diagonaluri.
Tu burTis moZraobis mimarTuleba emTxveva moednis vertikalur
RerZs, an moZraobs mis paralelurad, (nax.7) aseT gadacemas pirdapirs
(A) uwodeben. xolo Tu burTi moZraobs da qmnis nebismieri gradusis
kuTxes mis mimarT, maSin aseTi gadacema (B) gaswvrivia. pirdapiri gad-
acema sruldeba mxolod win, an ukan, gaswvrivi ki gverdiT, an diago-
nalze win da ukan.

nax. 7
4. gadacemebi traeqtoriis mixedviT SeiZleba iyos: dabali; maRali
da Cakidebuli. dabalia gadacema, romelic moZraobs muxlis simaRleze
(A); Tu burTi moZraobs moTamaSis Tavis simaRleze an SeiZleba misi
naxtomSi CaWra, maSin aseTi gadacema maRalia. (B) Tu burTi kidev ufro
maRali traeqtoriiT
(B) moZraobs partniorisaken is ase vTqvaT – ~dakidebulia”. (nax.8)

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 nax. 8

5. gadacemebi Sesrulebis xerxis mixedviT: rbili–plasirebuli,

moWrili.
6. drois mixedviT: a) drouli b) dagvianebuli g) naadrevi. nebismieri
gadacemis mizanSewoniloba gamomdinareobs konkretuli situaciidan
da admokidebulia fexburTelTa teqnikur da taqtikur ostatobaze.
gadacemis Sesrulebisas aucilebelia metoqisagan burTis CaWris
SesaZleblobis gaTvaliswineba;
manZilis gansazRvra, romelzec unda Sesruldes gadacema;
mdgomareobis Sesabamisad gadacemis saxis SerCeva;
teqnikurad gadacemis sworad Sesruleba.
ramdenadac gadacema Tama-
Sis warmarTvis ZiriTadi teqni-
kur–taqtikuri xerxia, rogorc
statistikuri monacemebi adas-
tureben, maTze modis teqnikuri
moqmedebebis naxevarze meti.
sameulebSi martivi kombinaci-
is magaliTi SeiZleba iyos burTis
gadacema erTi moTamaSis mier meo-
reze, rogorc es naCvenebia (nax.9)

nax.9

moTamaSe (A), romelic imyofeba partniorisgan (B) 8–10 metris daS-

orebiT, terfis Sina nawiliT plasirebuli dartymiT asrulebs gadace-
mas – Tavis mxriv agzavnis burTs (B) partniorTan. erTi SexedviT, aseTi
martivi davalebis Sesruleba fexburTelisagan moiTxovs moTamaSeTa
urTierTSeTanxmebul moqmedebebs da burTis gadacemisa da miRebis
maRal teqnikas.
axla vnaxoT (nax.10) sameulSi kombinaciis ganviTarebis erT–erTi
varianti.

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 moTamaSeebi
(A) da (B) 8–10
metris manZil-
ze ganlagdnen
erTmaneTisagan
da erTdroulad
iwyeben sirbils
adgilebis cvlis
gareSe. moTa-
maSe (A) terfis
Sida nawiliT aw-
vdis burTs win gasul moTamaSes, iRebs burTs ukanve da saswrafod
asrulebs grZel diagonalur gadacemas (B) partniorze. moTamaSe (B)
aseve swrafad ubrunebs partniors (B), isic Tavis mxriv isev ubrunebs
(B), da a.S. rogorc me–10 nax. aRniSnuli
naxazebze 11 da 12 naCvenebia kombinaciebi, romlebic SeiZleba gamov-
iyenoT dacvaSic da SetevaSi TamaSisas. radgan am kombinaciebSi monaw-
ile fexburTelebisgan aucilebelia urTierTSeTanxmebuli moqmede-
bebis ganxorcieleba, saWiroa swrafad, zustad da sinqronulad maTi
Sesruleba. yvela gadacema Setevis ganviTarebis principis Sesabamisad
unda sruldebodes es principi ki moTxovs gadacemaTa maqsimalur ra-
odenobas, rom gaviyvanoT partniori xelsayrel poziciaSi. (nax. 11).

nax. 11 nax. 12

msgavsi kombinaciebis mofiqreba mravlad SeiZleba. Cven mxolod ni-

muSis saxiT ramdenime maTgani SevarCieT.
kombinaciebis sameulSi TamaSis warmarTvis erT–erTi efeqturi sa-
Sualebaa. isini wvrTnis procesSi aramarto taqtikis TvalsazrisiT ga-
moiyeneba, aramed teqnikuri ostatobis srulyofis saSualebacaa.
burTis gadacemebis sxvadasxva variantebi xels uwyobs fexburTel-
Ta taqtikuri azrovnebisa da maT Soris TamaSis procesSi urTierT-

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gagebisa da Sesabamisad mizandasaxul urTierTSeTanxmebuli moqmede-
bebis srulyofas, rac ara marto rgolebis, am SemTxvevaSi sameulis
SeTamaSebis ZiriTadi saSualebaa, aramed mTlianobaSi TamaSis kombi-
naciurad, gaazrebulad warmarTvis pirobacaa.

taqtikis swavleba da srulyofa

taqtikis swavlebis da srulyofis procesi wvrTnis yvelaze mniS-
vnelovani da rTuli mxarea. igi Tanamedrove fexburTSi warmatebis
mopovebis aucilebeli pirobaa. progresuli taqtikuri meTodebis
daufleba da fexburTelTa mier taqtikuri ostatobis srulyofa mTe-
li sawvrTneli procesis qvakuTxedia.
taqtikuri momzadeba pirobiTad or – saerTo da specialur naw-
ilebad iyofa. sarTo taqtikuri momzadeba gulisxmobs sportuli
TamaSebis taqtikis saerTo Teoriuli safuZvlebis codnas, sxvadasxva
pirobebSi misi gamoyenebis praqtikul xerxebs da fexburTelis taqti-
kuri azrovnebis ganviTarebas.
specialuri taqtikuri momzadeba uSualod dakavSirebulia fex-
burTTan da mimarTulia taqtikuri unaris, Cvevebis da xerxebis gaRr-
mavebis srulyofisaken.
fexburTelis taqtikuri momzadeba xorcieldeba Teoriuli da
praqtikuli mecadineobebis daxmarebiT, romlebic mWidro urTierTka-
vSirSi arian erTmaneTTan.
taqtikis Sesaxeb Teoriuli codnis moculobis gasafarToeblad
saWiroa literaturuli wyaroebis gacnoba, kino da video masalebis
gamoyeneba, saswavlo–sawvrTno procesebze dakvirveba, TamaSis wesebis
Seswavla da a.S.

taqtikuri momzadebis procesSi wydeba Semdegi amocanebi:

1.taqtikuri azrovnebis ganviTareba,moedanze orientireba, sxva-
dasxva saTamaSo situaciebSi SemoqmedebiTi iniciativis demonstrireba.
2. individualuri moqmedebebis da partniorebTan martivi urT-
ierTmoqmedebebis Seswavla, calkeuli teqnikuri da taqtikuri xerx-
ebis efeqturad gamoyeneba;
3. iseTi unaris ganviTareba, romelic SesaZleblobas miscems fex-
burTels, saTamaSo mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, swrafad gadaerTos
erTi saxis gunduri moqmedebebidan meore saxis gundur moqmedebebze.
taqtikis swavlebasa da wvrTnis ZiriTad meTods aTvisebuli Ses-
wavlili varjiSebis mravaljeradi gameoreba warmoadgens, romlebic
fexburTelTa taqtikuri unar–Cvevebis srulyofazea orientirebuli.
aseTi wvrTnis Sedegad xdeba saTamaSo stereotipebis Camoyalibeba,
rac faqtiurad taqtikuri momzadebis mTavari moTxovnaa.
taqtikuri momzadeba gulisxmobs individualuri, jgufuri da gun-
duri taqtikis moqmedebebis aTvisebas. ZiriTadi taqtikuri xerxebis

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 daufleba da maTi srulyofa xorcieldeba TamaSebis, saTamaSo da spe-
cialuri varjiSebis daxmarebiT.
taqtikis srulyofis varjiSebi umravles SemTxvevaSi imavdroulad
TamaSis teqnikuri srulyofasac uwyobs xels. imisTvis, rom ama Tu
im varjiSs mivceT taqtikuri xasiaTi, sakmarisia SevcvaloT misi Ses-
rulebis meTodi. ase mag:gadacemebze varjiSisas yuradReba eqceva ara
dartymebis teqnikas, aramed gadacemebis mimarTulebas da mis drou-
lad Sesrulebas.
Zalian mniSvnelovania taqtikuri gegmis mixedviT TamaSis unaris
daufleba da taqtikuri amocanis Sesabamisad swori gadawyvetilebis
miReba. amasTan dakavSirebiT, specialur saTamaSo varjiSebis parale-
lurad tardeba ormxrivi TamaSebi, romelTa msvlelobisas wydeba gan-
sazRvruli gunduri taqtikuri amocanebi. fexburTelebma unda SeZlon
aTvisebuli kombinaciebis gamoyeneba, rogorc nacnobi, aseve ucnobi
gundebis winaaRmdeg.
TamaSis procesSi fexburTelebis winaSe ori ZiriTadi amocanaa ga-
dasaWreli: rac SeiZleba meti burTi gaitanon mowinaaRmdegis karSi da
naklebi miiRon sakuTarSi. amisaTvis fexburTeli partniorebis dax-
marebiT da TamaSis wesebiT nebadarTuli moqmedebebiT or–dacviT da
SeteviT funqcias asrulebs. TiToeuli am funqciis realizeba fexbur-
Telisagan moiTxovs specifikuri taqtikuri moqmedebebis Sesrulebi-
saTvis aucilebel unar–Cvevebs.
garkveuli TanmimdevrobiT varjiSebis mravaljeradi gameorebis Se-
degad xdeba taqtikuri moqmedebebis da kombinaciebis srulyofa, myar-
deba mWidro kontaqti, rogorc fexburTelebs, aseve gundis calkeul
rgolebs Soris.
fexburTelebis taqtikuri momzadebis ZiriTad amocanebs warmoad-
gens:
a) SejibrebebSi Zalebis gadanawilebis unari;
b) burTis flobis teqnikis mizandasaxulad gamoyeneba;
g) gundis yvela rgolis urTierTmoqmedebaTa srulyofa;
d) Sejibrebis procesSi saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi taqtikuri kombina-
ciebisa da TamaSis sistemis cvla.
SejibrebebSi Zalebis sworad ganawilebis mizniT iyeneben Semdeg
meTodur xerxebs:
1.mecadineobis dros fexburTelebs eZlevaT davaleba–imoqmedon
zustad gansazRvrul tempSi. aseTi davalebis Sedegad viTardeba temp-
is grZnoba, mocemuli drois ganmavlobaSi SevinarCunoT aRebuli tempi
da TamaSis procesSi SevZloT misi regulireba – saWiroebis mixedviT
gavzardoT, an piriqiT SevamciroT;
2. gamoviyenoT TamaSSi ~Sualeduri finiSi” – TamaSis msvlelobisas
gamocxaddes, rom mis damTavrebamde darCa minimaluri dro, angariSi
ki sayaimoa, an erT–erTi gundi marcxdeba. aseTi situacia aiZulebs
fexburTelebs mkveTrad gazardon aqtivoba da moqmedebaTa intensioba;

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 3. fexburTelisaTvis moulodnelad xdeba cnobili, rom TamaSi-
saTvis gankuTvnili dro xangrZlivdeba. aseTive mizani aqvs saswavlo
TamaSebs, roca gandikapis arsi gasaidumloebulia da fexburTelebi
iZulebulni arian iTamaSon maqsimaluri mondomebiT, miuxedavad ukve
miRweuli upiratesobisa;
4. Tu erTi gundi iolad miRweuli upiratesobis Semdeg mniS-
vnelovnad aqveiTebs moqmedebaTa intensivobas, maSin im gundis Semad-
genlobaSi, romelic marcxdeba, xdeba dasvenebuli fexburTelebis
CarTva, rasac mohyveba sportuli brZolis gamwvaveba.
burTis flobis teqnikis srulyofisa da misi mzandasaxuli gamoy-
enebisaTvis rekomendirebulia Semdegi meToduri xerxebis gamoyeneba:
1.varjiSebis garTulebul pirobebSi Sesruleba da teqnikuri xe-
rxebis sworad SerCeva rTul garemo pirobebSi. igulisxmeba aramarto
sveli moedani, Zlieri qari, haeris dabali temperatura da a.S., aramed
fexburTelze mayureblis uaryofiTi reaqcia, safexburTo moedanze
mxedvelobiTi orientirebis gaZnelebiT da Sejibrebis Sedegis gansa-
kuTrebuli mniSvnelobiT ganpirobebuli zemoqmedebac;
2. taqtikaSi mecadineobisas varjiSebis Sesrulebisas iseTi winaaRm-
degobrivi momentebis CarTva, romlebic maqsimalurad axlosaa Seji-
brebis pirobebTan. winaaRmdegoba SeiZleba iyos pasiuri da aqtiuric,
magram maTi realizaciis xerxebi maqsimalurad misawvdomi. aqtiuri wi-
naaRmdegobis momenti dgeba maSin, roca fexburTelTa moqmedebebisas
adgili aRar aqvs ZiriTadi xasiaTis Secdomebs. aqtiuri winaaRmdego-
bis intensioba, rogorc wesi, saTamaSoze dabalia;
3. saswavlo TamaSebis Catareba iseT gundebTan, romlebic potenci-
uri mowinaaRmdegis msgavs taqtikur gegmasa da sistemas iyenebs. es Ses-
aZlebels xdis, rom rekomendirebuli taqtikuri xerxebi da sistemebi
gamoyenebul iqnas iseT saTamaSo pirobebSi, romlebic maqsimalurad
miaxloebulia SejibrebasTan
4. iseTi pirobebis Seqmna, romelic saSualebas miscems fexburTels,
taqtikuri amocanis Sesabamisad damoukideblad miiRos gadawyvetile-
ba. Sejibrebis msvlelobisas xSiria iseTi momentebi, roca garemoeba
fexburTelisgan moiTxovs SemoqmedebiTi unaris gamovlinebas im moq-
medebebis Catarebisas, romlebic srulebiTac araa gansazRvruli Tama-
Sis konkretuli taqtikuri sqemiT.
SemoqmedebiTi iniciativis ganviTarebis mizniT mizanSewonilia taq-
tikuri amocanebis raRaca nawilis ganxorcielebis saSualeba TviTon
fexburTels mivceT.
urTierTmoqmedebebis srulyofisaTvis saWiroa Semdegi meToduri
xerxebis gamoyeneba:
1.garemo pirobebis garTuleba, kerZod ki, droisa da sivrcis Sez-
Rudva. ase mag: taqtikuri kombinaciis Casatareblad drois Semcire-
ba. sivcris SezRudva niSnavs moqmedebas moednis raRac nawilSi (Sem-
cirebuli), romlis farglebSic urTierTmoqmedeben fexburTelebi.

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 samoqmedo radiusis Semcireba aZnelebs saTamaSo situaciebSi orient-
acias da maT Sefasebas. aseTi eqstremaluri pirobebi fexburTelisgan
moiTxovs damatebiT SesaZleblobebis da unar–Cvevebis mobilizebas.
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces urTierTmoqmedebaTa
srulyofas daRlilobis ganviTarebis fonze;
1. periodulad saWiroa gundis ZiriTad SemadgenlobaSi saTadari-
go fexburTelebis Seyvana da taqtikuri gegmis Sesabamisad maTi part-
niorebTan urTierTqmedebis regulireba. ZiriTad SemadgenlobaSi sa-
TadarigoTa umtkivneulod CarTvisTvis aucilebelia mosamzadebel
periodSi ormxriv da amxanagur SexvedrebSi maTi perioduli gamoyene-
ba;
2. axali taqtikuri moqmedebebis, kombinaciebis da TamaSis sisteme-
bis aTviseba.
taqtikuri moqmedebebi da kombinaciebi organulad unda iyos daka-
vSirebuli gundis mier SerCeul taqtikur sistemebTan.
konkretuli sistemis CarCoebSi fexburTelTa mier aTvisebul urT-
ierTmoqmedebaTa safuZvelze Tanmimdevrulad da gamudmebiT mimdin-
areobs taqtikuri unar–Cvevebis arsenalis gafarToeba.
axal sistemaze gadasvlisas xdeba taqtikuri xerxebisa da kombina-
ciebis gadaxaliseba da fexburTelTa urTierTmoqmedebiT axal moTx-
ovnaTa Sesabamisad mowesrigeba.
Sejibrebis procesSi TamaSis erTi sistemidan meoreze umtkivneu-
lod gadasvlisaTvis iyeneben Semdegi saxis meTodur xerxebs:
1. fexburTelTa mier erTi sxis taqtikuri davalebebidan sxva saxis
davalebebze gadarTva winaswardaTqmuli signalebis saSualebiT xdeba.
Sejibrebis procesSi xSirad Carevis Tavidan asacileblad erTi saxis
taqtikuri moqmedebebidan meoreze gadasvla mizanSewonilia xorciel-
debodes winaswari SeTanxmebis safuZvelze TamaSis mimdinareobis gan-
sazRvrul momentSi;
2. TamaSSi taqtikuri moqmedebebis Secvlisas moulodnelobis ele-
mentebis realizacia garkveuli Tanmimdevrobis dacvas moiTxovs:
a) taqtikuri gegmidan gadaxveviT TamaSSi moulodnelad axali
sistemebisa da variantebis gamoyeneba;
b) axlad aTvisebuli taqtikuri moqmedebebis, kombinaciebis, an
TamaSis sistemebis moulodnelad gamoyeneba;
g) TamaSSi, saerTod ucnobi taqtikuri kombinaciis, an sistemis ga-
moyeneba;
3. saswavlo da amxanaguri Sexvedrebis Catareba iseT gundebTan,
romlebic mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan stiliT da
TamaSis warmarTvis xerxebiT. taqtikuri momzadebis dros aucilebe-
lia Sejibreba iseT metoqeebTan, romlebic TamaSis sxvadasxva taqti-
kur sistemebs iyeneben. es ki fexburTelebs uviTarebT gansxvavebul
mowinaaRmdegesTan sabrZolvelad axali taqtikuri moqmedebebis aT-
visebas da Sesabamisi Cvevebis srulyofis unars.

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 rogorc vnaxeT, fexburTis TamaSSi teqnikis roli ganuzomlad di-
dia–SeiZleba iTqvas, rom istoriulad teqnika TamaSis safuZvelia.
rogoricaa teqnika, iseTivea fexburTic. arc teqnika arc fizikuri
momzadeba, arc nebisyofa, rac ar unda maRali iyos maTi ostatoba, Tu
teqnikuri momzadeba nulis tolia, maSin moTamaSeebi saSualo donis
fexburTsac ki ver iTamaSeben.
rogor urTierTkavSirSia TamaSis teqnika taqtikasTan, riTia gan-
pirobebuli maTi urTierTkavSiri?
fexburTis ganviTarebis sawyis etapze TamaSis teqnika mcire raode-
nobis taqtikuri xerxebisagan Sedgeboda, rac sruliad Seesabameboda
maSindel teqnikur momzadebas.
teqnikuri ostatobis zrdasTan erTad matulobda taqtikuri xe-
rxebis ricxvic, romelTa Sesruleba swrafi tempis gamo ufro rTul-
deboda. Tanamedrove fexburTSi teqnikuri momzadebis done imdenad
amaRlda, rom TiTqmis yvela gunds mieca TamaSis mravalferovnad
warmarTvis SesaZlebloba.
xSirad xdeba, rom teqnikurad kargad momzadebuli gundi taqtiku-
rad sustad TamaSobs da piriqiT.
imis SesaZlebloba, rom raRac teqnikur doneze nebismier gunds Seu-
Zlia taqtikuri TvalsazrisiT gansxvavebulad iTamaSos, hqmnis STabe-
Wdilebas, rom TiTqos taqtika damokidebulia teqnikasTan mimarTe-
baSi. magram ase ar aris. SeiZleba, rogorc gvinda, ise ganvalagoT
moTamaSeebi moedanze da nebismieri saxis davaleba mivceT maT, magram
gundi verasodes ver iTamaSebs imaze zustad, swrafad da efeqturad,
vidre amis saSualebas fexburTelTa teqnikuri momzadeba iZleva. aseve
veranairi axali taqtikuri idea ver ganxorcieldeba praqtikaSi, Tuki
misi realizacia moiTxovs imaze mets, risi gakeTebac SeuZliaT burTiT
fexburTelebs da mTlianad gunds mocemul konkretul situaciaSi.
SeiZleba taqtikis gamdidreba TamaSis iseTi momentebis xarjze, rom-
lebic teqnikur ostatobaze araa damokidebuli. magaliTad, poziciu-
ri taqtika, romlis ganxorcielebac moiTxovs ara specialur teqnikur
unar–Cvevebs, aramed warmoadgens taqtikuri azrovnebis rezultats.
imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom taqtikis efeqturobis aucilebeli
pirobaa moqmedebaTa moulodneloba, romlis safuZvelic siswrafea,
taqtikuri Canafiqris realizacia pirdapiraa damokidebuli teqnikuri
xerxis swrafi tempiT da maRali siCqariT Sesrulebaze.
mxolod siswrafe aZlevs saSualebas fexburTels–ganTavisufldes
meurvisagan, mxolod siswrafe uzrunvelyofs ramdenime wamiT SetevaSi
ricxobrivi upiratesobis mopovebas.
siswrafes SetevaSi upirispirdeba swrafi moqmedebebi mcvelTa mx-
ridan. siswrafe TamaSis mTavari faqtori gaxda. Tumca siswrafe sizus-
tis gareSe ar iZleva sasurvel Sedegs.
TamaSis swrafi tempis SenarCuneba ganviTarebuli daRlis fonze
maRali teqnikuri ostatobis Sedegia da radgan siswrafe da sizuste

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 nebismier TamaSSi aucilebelia, gasagebia, rogori pirdapiri urTierT-
damokidebulebaa teqnikasa da taqtikas Soris.
taqtikurad sworia swrafad TamaSi da rac metia siswrafe, miT
ukeTesi. arasdros siswrafe ar iqneba sakmarisi. rac ufro maRalia
teqnika, miT ufro swraf tempSi mimdinareobs TamaSis gadamwyveti mo-
mentebi.
maRal siCqareze da mwvave situaciebSi burTis floba moiTxovs
saimedo teqnikuri xerxebis gamovlenas, rasac minimumde dahyavs Sec-
domaTa raodenoba.
fexburTels sWirdeba universaluri teqnikuri momzadeba, rac yve-
la situaciaSi uzrunvelyofs mowodebis simaRleze yofnas. magaliTad,
fexburTeli, romelic ver flobs Sor manZilze dartymas, ver SeZlebs
moednis erTi flangidan meoreze burTis gadacemas da Sesabamisad
Setevis mimarTulebis Secvlas, e.i. misi TamaSis taqtika SezRudulia
teqnikuri momzadebis sisustis gamo.
gundis taqtikuri TamaSi – esa taqtikuri ideebi da gegma moqmede-
baSi, isaa brZolis taqtika da am mxriv fexburTis taqtika ganuyofelia
teqnikisagan. Tu gundi praqtikulad ver axerxebs taqtikuri Canafiqris
realizebas, maSin, ver vityviT, rom arCeuli taqtika sworia. sworia mx-
olod iseTi taqtika, romelic Seesabameba gundis teqnikur momzadebas.
ase magaliTad: Tu gundi TamaSobs agebs swraf tempze da teqnikuri wu-
nis gamo ar SeuZlia misi praqtikulad gadaWra–aseT taqtika arasworia.
amrigad, taqtikis xarisxobrivi damokidebuleba TamaSis teqni-
kasTan, sruliad naTelia. nebismieri taqtika moiTxovs karg teqnikur
Sesrulebas–maRali teqnika TviTon gvkarnaxobs taqtikur svlebs. ro-
goric r unda iyos fexburTis taqtikis ganviTarebis gzebi, misi moTx-
ovnebi teqnikis mimarT yovelTvis iyo, aris da iqneba ucvleli: meti
sizuste, meti siswrafe da maRali saSemsrulebo ostatoba.
ra ras emsaxureba–taqtika teqnikas, Tu teqnika taqtikas? calkeul
SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba asec iyos da isec, magram sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, ra
gavakeToT da rogor – wydeba organul erTianobaSi. magaliTad, Tama-
Sis msvlelobisas moulodnelad Seiqmna mokle taqtikuri kombinaciis
Catarebis SesaZlebloba, romelic burTis ori gadacemis, moTamaSeebis
uburTod gadaadgilebisa da karSi dartymisagan Sedgeba. am kombinaci-
is warmatebiTb Catareba damokidebulia masSi monawile fexburTelebis
mier teqnikuri xerxebis zustad da swrafad Sesrulebaze. kombinaciis
Semadgeneli svlebisa da moqmedebebis Catarebis aucilebloba saTa-
maSo logikis safuZvelze warmoiSva fexburTelTa SemoqmedebiTi az-
rovnebis Sedegad. teqnika am SemTxvevaSi moemsaxura taqtikas.
magram, arsebobs teqnikasa da taqtikas Soris sxva saxis urTierT-
damo–kidebulebac. davuSvaT, gundis erT–erTi fexburTeli gamor-
Ceulad, TiTqmis srulyofilad flobs romelime teqnikur xerxs. es
SeiZleba iqces TamaSis taqtikuri gegmis agebis sawyis momentad, es
niSnavs, rom taqtikuri saSualebebis daxmarebiT aseT moTamaSes gun-

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dis interesebidan gamomdinare SevuqmnaT Tavisi ostatobis srulad
gamovlinebis SesaZlebloba. axla ukve taqtika moemsaxura teqnikas.
rac srulyofilad floben fexburTelebi teqnikur xerxebs, rac ufro
gaazrebulia TamaSi, rac ufro maRalia fexburTelis momzadebis yvela
mxare da maT Soris pirvel rigSi teqnikuri da taqtikuri ostatoba,
miT ufro saintereso, Sedegiani da lamazi sanaxaobaa fexburTi.
virtuozuli teqnika, romelsac Tan ar axlavs mizanmimarTuli taq-
tikuri azrovneba, TviTmizani xdeba, rac Zirfesvianad ewinaaRmdegeba
sportuli paeqrobis principebs.
meores mxriv, taqtikuri ideebi ver dagvexmarebian TamaSis gonivru-
lad warmarTvaSi, Tu ver SevZlebT Canafiqris realizaciisaTvis aucile-
beli teqnikuri xerxebis swrafad, zustad da efeqturad Sesrulebas.
aseT situaciaSi taqtikuri Canafiqri mxolod keTil survilad rCeba.
taqtikaze saubrisas mniSvnelovania TamaSis win yvela saxis infor-
maciis Tavmoyra da mis safuZvelze gundis mier saTamaSo moqmede-
bebis gegmis SemuSaveba. ramdenad sworad iqneba aseTi gegma agebuli
da praqtikulad ganxorcielebuli, bevradaa damokidebuli Sexvedris
saboloo Sedegi.
winasaTamaSo darigeba mwvrTnel–pedagogisgan moiTxovs rogorc
sakuTari gundis moTamaSeebisa da mTlianad gundis SesaZleblobaTa
codnas, aseve sruli informaciis flobas mowinaaRmdegis Sesaxeb. yove-
live amis gaTvaliswinebis safuZvelze dgeba TamaSis taqtikuri gegma.
rogorc wesi, winasaTamaSo darigeba iwyeba imis aRniSvniT, Tu ram-
denad mniSvnelovania TamaSis Sedegi da ra TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba mow-
inaaRmdege (rogor warmarTavs TamaSs, Setevis ZiriTadi mimarTuleba,
gadacemebis xasiaTi da mravali sxva) mwvrTneli miuTiTebs fexbur-
Telebs, rogor unda ganxorcieldes praqtikulad TamaSis taqtikuri
gegma da ra moeTxoveba TiToeul maTgans.
mwvrTneli gamoTqvams Tavis mosazrebebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor
unda imoqmedos gundma, roca TamaSis Sefaseba mcdaria, an mowinaaRm-
dege moulodnel svlebs gvTavazobs.
winasaTamaSo darigebis sqemis Sinaarsi SemdegSi mdgomareobs:
1. TamaSis mniSvneloba;
2. mowinaaRmdege gundis daxasiaTeba;
3. TamaSis taqtikuri gegmis Sedgena;
4. davalebebis ganawileba moTamaSeebze.
TamaSis win mwvrTnelma zedmetad ar unda gadatvirTos fexburTele-
bi meorexarisxovan detalebze yuradRebis aqcentirebiT. aseT SemTx-
vevaSi, meorexarisxovan detalebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT, ikargeba
taqtikuri gegmis mTavari idea. moTamaSeebi sportuli paeqrobis pro-
cesSi ver axerxeben mravalferovani rCevebis gaxsenebas da praqtiku-
lad yovelgvari rCevebis gareSe TamaSoben. mwvrTnelma unda gaacnos
gunds saerTo saTamaSo gegma da fexburTelebis winaSe mdgari saerTo
moTxovnebis Sinaarsi. yvelaferi gamomdinareobs metoqis SesaZleblo-

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 baTa detaluri analizidan da amave dros fexburTelebs rCebaT ufle-
ba TamaSis msvlelobisas miiRon damoukidebeli gadawyvetileba. winasa-
TamaSo darigeba matCamde erTi dRiT adre unda Catardes.
taimebs Soris Sesvenebaze mwvrTnels saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gundis
taqtikur moqmedebebSi Seaqvs aucilebeli Sesworebebi vidre amas gaa-
keTebdes moTamaSeebs dasamSvideblad eZleva (2–3 wT). Semdeg saerTo
xasiaTis SeniSvnebisa da Sesworebebis dro dgeba, rac mTel gunds exe-
ba. darCenil dros ki mwvrTneli calkeuli moTamaSeebis mimarT SeniS-
vnebs andomebs.
Catarebuli TamaSis garCeva TamaSis saerTo SefasebiT iwyeba. Sem-
deg unda aRiniSnos, ganxorcielda Tu ara TamaSis taqtikuri gegma.
Tu es ar moxerxda, maSin yuradReba unda gamaxvildes im mizezebze,
ramac SeuZlebeli gaxada Canafiqris ganxorcieleba mwvrTneli afasebs
calkeuli rgolebis da moTamaSeebis moqmedebebs. dasasruls akeTebs
daskvnebs, aRniSnavs naklovanebebsa da saxavs RonisZiebebs Secdomebis
gamosasworeblad.

TamaSis garCevis savaraudo sqema aseTia:

1.Catarebuli matCis saerTo Sefaseba;
2. gundis mier TamaSis taqtikuri gegmis Sesrulebis avkargi;
3. TiToeuli fexburTelis moqmedebaTa Sefaseba;
4. saboloo daskvna Catarebuli TamaSis Sesaxeb.
TamaSis garCeva rekomendirebulia momavali praqtikuli mecadineo-
bis win. winasaTamaSo darigebas da rCevas aRmzrdelobiTi da Semecnebi-
Ti mniSvnelobac aqvs. am procesSi mwvrTneli moTamaSeebs awvdis axal
informacias teqnikisa da taqtikis Sesaxeb.fexburTelTa yvela saxis
darRvevas (araeTikuri saqcielis gamovlineba– partniorebis, msajeb-
is, mayureblis mimarT da a.S.) mwvrTneli ara marto afiqsirebs, aramed
msjelobis sagnadac xdis. amitom, gundSi unda Camoyalibdes iseTi jan-
saRi urTierTobebi, romlebic megobruli kritikisa da TviTkritikis
saSualebas iZleva.
momecadineTa aqtivobis asamaRleblad calkeul SemTxvevebSi TviT
fexburTelebs unda daevaloT TamaSis garCeva, rogorc sakuTari, aseve
metoqe gundis moqmedebaTa Sefasebac, es xels iwyobs moTamaSeTa Semo-
qmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebas.
taqtikuri gegmis Sedgenisas mizanSewonilia TvalsaCinoebis teqni-
kuri mowyobilobebisa da sxva saSualebebis gamoyeneba

fsiqologiuri momzadeba
sportis fsiqologia aris fsiqologiuri mecnierebis specialuri
dargi, romelic swavlobs sportuli saqmianobis fsiqologiur Tavise-
burebebs da sportsmenis pirovnebaze misi zemoqmedebis kanonzomier-
ebebs.

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 Tanamedrove sportSi moTxovnebi imdenad maRalia, rom maTi emoci-
uri mdgomareobis dadgena da nebelobiTi momzadeba warmoudgenelia
Sesabamisi fsiqologiuri codnis gareSe. amitom specialistTa mxri-
dan did interess iwvevs sportuli qcevis fsiqologiur-Teoriul sa-
fuZvlebi, Cvevisa da wvrTnis procesis buneba, sportuli Sejibrebebis
fsiqologia, sportsmenis individualur tipologiuri Taviseburebebi
da a.S.,
mwvrTnelebisTvis aucilebelia garkveuli warmodgena im faqtore-
bis Sesaxeb, romelTa gaTvaliswineba uzrunvelyofs, rogorc calkeu-
li sportsmenis, aseve mTlianad gundis warmatebas. aseT faqtorebs
miekuTvneba sportsmenis fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba, lideris faqto-
ri, mcire jgufebisa da jgufebis urTierTmoqmedebebis problema, ma-
yureblis fsiqologia da a.S.
fexburTis ganviTarebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel ZiriTad elementebs
swored fsiqologiuri faqtori warmoadgens, romelic gavlenas ax-
dens rogorc sawvrTneli procesis efeqturobaze, aseve SejibrebaSi
gamosvlis Sedegzec.
fexburTis fsiqologiuri momzadebis Sinaarsi zogadad fsiqolo-
giur da SejibrebisaTvis momzadebas gulisxmobs. aseTi dayofa rasak-
virvelia pirobiTia, radgan maT Soris mWidro urTierTkavSiria da
isini erTmaneTze urTierTmoqmedeben. miuxedavad amisa TiToeuli maT-
gani mowodebulia gadaWras Tavisi specifikuri, mkacrad gansazRvru-
li amocanebi.
fsiqologiuri momzadeba fexburTelis momzadebulobis sxva mx-
areebis (fizikuri, teqnikuri, taqtikuri) paralelurad sportuli
srulyofis mTeli procesis Semadgeneli nawilia.
saerTo fsiqologiuri momzadebis ZiriTadi amocanaa fexburTe-
lis maRali moralur – nebelobiTi Tvisebebis aRzrda da specifikuri
Tvisebebis ganviTareba:
– aRTqmis procesebis, kerZod, specifikuri aRTqmebis formireba
(’’burTis grZnoba”, ~drois SegrZneba”);
– dakvirvebuloba, rTul saTamaSo situaciaSi swrafad da sworad
orientireba;
– maxsovroba da warmodgena, romlebic saTamaSo moqmedebebis Tav-
iseburebisa da Sejibrebis procesSi Seqmnili situaciebis SefasebaSi
mdgomareobs;
– fexburTelis fsiqikis yvela mxaris mudmivad srulyofa, gansa-
kuTebiT ki azrovnebis, maxsovrobis, nebisyofis, yuradRebis, warmod-
genebis da a.S.
fsiqologiuri momzadebis fundamentur safuZvels swored saerTo
fsiqologiuri momzadeba warmoadgens.
mobilizaciis mdgomareoba, anu fexburTelis fsiqologiuri mza-
dyofna TamaSis win xasiaTdeba gamarjvebisaTvis mkveTrad gamoxatuli
miswrafebiT. gamarjvebisadmi swrafvas Tan axlavs sakuTari Zalebi-

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 sadmi rwmena. maSin fexburTelis winasaTamaSo mdgomareoba xasiaTdeba
dadebiTi emociebiT, rac Tavis mxriv ganapirobebs sportuli Sromisu-
narianobis amaRlebas da hqmnis maqsimaluri Sedegis miRwevis winapiro-
bas. fexburTeli advilad umklavdeba Zlier aRgznebas, rasac adgili
aqvs sapasuxismgeblo Sejibrebis win. mobilizebuli erTveba Sejibre-
bis procesSi. aseTi mdgomareobisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia organizmSi
mimdinare fsiqologiuri procesebis maRali done, es ki SesaZleblobas
iZleva srulad iqnas gamoyenebuli is dafaruli rezervebi, romelic
fexburTels gaaCnia, Sejibrebis dros droebiTi warumatebloba ar aqve-
iTebs gamarjvebisadmi swrafvas, piriqiT metad xdeba SesaZleblobebis
mobilizeba da fexburTeli ufro aqtiurad ibrZvis dasaxuli miznis
misaRwevad.
im SemTxvevaSi roca gamarjvebis survils Tan ar axlavs sakuTari
SesaZleblobebisadmi rwmena, warmatebis miRweva Zalzed rTuldeba,
aseT dros Sejibrebis win SeiZleba Tavi iCinos uaryofiTma emocieb-
ma (~winasastarto cieb-cxeleba”), rac fexburTelis aqtivobis daqve-
iTebas gamoiwvevs. zogierT SemTxvevaSi aseTi mdgomareobis daZlevas
TviT maRal doneze ganviTarebuli nebelobiTi Tvisebebis mqone fex-
burTelic ki ver axerxebs. ganicdis astenuri (uaryofiTi) emociebis
zemoqmedebas, ris Sedegadac qveiTdeba Sromisunarianoba.
aseTive movlenas SeiZleba adgili hqondes im SemTxvevaSic, rode-
sac fexburTeli metismetad maRal Sefasebas aZlevs metoqis Sesa-
Zleblobebs.
aqedan gamomdinare, mas eWvi epareba gamarjvebaSi es gansakuTrebiT
TvalSisacemia mniSvnelovani Sejibrebis win, roca Sesabamisad maRalia
pasuxismgebloba SesaZlo Sedegis mimarT. aseTi emociebi iwvevs SiSs
mosalodneli marcxis gamo, ris Sedegadac fexburTeli ver axerxebs
Tavis unar–Cvevebis srulad gamovlenas. msgavsi ram ufro xSirad ga-
moucdel fexburTelebs emarTebaT.
Zlierma agznebam da zedmetma nerviulma daZabulobam TamaSis daw-
yebamdec ki SeiZleba gamoiwvios nerviuli gadaRla. mudmivad TamaSis
Sedegze fiqri maRal emocionalur fons qmnis, rac ganapirobebs fex-
burTelis SegrZnebebis aramdgradobas da xels uSlis mosalodneli
saTamaSo moqmedebebis winaswar gaazrebas.
fexburTelTa metismeti da araswori stimulacia mobilizaciis am-
aRlebis mizniT Zlieri aRgznebis mizezi xdeba. xSirad Sexseneba imis
Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania gamarjvebis mopoveba, fexbur-
Tels aiZulebs ifiqros ara saTamaSo moqmedebebze, aramed matCis Se-
degze. gamarjvebisaken swrafva Zlieri xdeba, magram maRali agznebis
gamo fexburTeli ver axerxebs yuradRebis koncentracias saTamaSo
moqmedebebze. miuxedavad imisa, rom aqtivoba izrdeba, misTvis damaxa-
siaTebelia araorganizebuli qaosuri moqmedebebi. swrafi da araswori
orientireba saTamaSo situaciebSi amcirebs Sesrulebuli moZraobisa
da moqmedebebis kontrols, rac Tavis mxriv teqnikuri da taqtikuri

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Secdomebis zrdis winapirobas warmoadgens.
fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis uaryofiT formas, romelic xasiaT-
deba aqtivobisa da sportuli Sromisunarianobis daqveiTebiT, demobi-
lizaciisa da TviTdajerebulobis momentebi warmoadgens. amas adgili
aqvs sakuTari SesaZleblobebis maRali Sefasebisas maSin, roca mow-
inaaRmdege SedarebiT sustia, aseT SemTxvevaSi qveiTdeba sabrZolo
ganwyoba da amasTan erTad nebelobiTi Tvisebebis mobilizaciisTvis
mzadyofna. aseTi fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba xSirad xdeba warumate-
blobis mizezi.
fsiqologiuri momzadebis procesSi aucilebelia fexburTelis
mier uaryofiTi mdgomareobis albaTobis gaTvaliswineba, maTi gamom-
wvevi pirobebisa da mizezebis dadgena rac saSualebas aZlevs mwvrT-
nels droulad miiRos zomebi maTi Tavidan asacileblad.
gamarjvebisaken swrafvis motivebi mravalferovania maTi xasiaT-
idan gamomdinare. am miswrafebis aqtivobis xarisxi SeiZleba maRalic
iyos da dabalic.
Zalzed mniSvnelovan motivs warmoadgens sazogadoebisa da qveynis
winaSe pasuxismgeblobis SegrZneba, aseve sportuli emociebi, sportu-
li Rirsebis grZnoba. yoveli Sexvedris win aucilebelia TiToeuli
fexburTelis individualuri Tvisebebis gaTvaliswineba.
im SemTxvevaSi, roca Zlieri gundi upirispirdeba sust metoqes fex-
burTelTa fsiqologiuri mzadyofnis ZiriTadi amocanaa TviT dajer-
ebis mdgomareobis neitralizacia. saWiroa, xSirad SevaxsenoT momeca-
dineebs, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba aqvs konkretuli matCis Sedegs unda
ganvumartoT, rom gamarjvebis misaRwevad arasaTanado mobilizaciis
SemTxvevaSi organizmSi mimdinare vegetatiuri funqciebi ver uzrunve-
lyofs maRali sportuli Sromisunarianobis praqtikul realizacias,
ris gamoc, Zlieri gundi sust gundTan marcxdeba.
mizanSewonili ar aris marcxis dramatizireba da gamarjvebis SemTx-
vevaSi ki sxvadasxva saxis dapirebis micema. aseTi midgoma fexburTelTa
azrovnebas erTi mimarTulebiT – matCis Sedegisaken warmarTavs. es ki
iwvevs maRal aRgznebas, rac TavisTavad uaryofiTad moqmedebs moTa-
maSeze. nervuli gadaRlis Tavidan asacileblad saWiroa fexburTelTa
yuradRebis momaval matCze gamudmebuli fiqris nacvlad sxva saxis
moqmedebebze gadatana, am mxriv kargi saSualebaa gaseirneba, gasarTob
RonisZiebebze daswreba (Teatri, kino, koncerti da sxv.)
fsiqologiuri momzadebisas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs mat-
Cis wina dReebSi sakuTari TamaSis gegmis gaazrebas. rac ufro kar-
gad moaxerxebs fexburTeli partniorebTan urTierTSeTanxmebuli
moqmedebebis warmarTvas, naTlad warmoidgens TamaSis msvlelobas da
calkeul momentebs, miT ufro aqtiuri, mizandasaxuli da damajerebe-
li iqneba misi TamaSi.
xSirad SejibrebSi warmatebis mopoveba damokidebulia fsiqolo-
giur faqtorze. fizikuri, teqnikuri da taqtikuri momzadebulobis

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 met–naklebad Tanabari donis SemTxvevaSi warmatebas aRwevs is gundi,
romelic Sejibrebis procesSi maRal moralur-nebelobiT Tvisebebs ga-
moavlens. dadebiTma emocionalurma ganwyobam, gamarjvebisaken swraf-
vam SeiZleba ganapirobos ufro Zlier mowinaaRmdegeze gamarjveba.
fsiqologiuri faqtoris roli gansakuTrebulad mJRavndeba spor-
tul TamaSebSi da bunebrivia – fexburTSic. zogierTi matCebis mou-
lodneli Sedegi swored fsiqologiuri momentebiTaa ganpirobebuli.
maRali fizikuri, teqnikur–taqtikuri momzadebulobis donis miR-
weva mWidro kavSirSia fexburTelis fsiqikuri da pirovnuli Tvise-
bebis ganviTarebasTan. magaliTad: SeuZlebelia gamZleobis, erT–erTi
ZiriTadi fizikuri Tvisebis pirovnebis fsiqikuri Tvisebebisgan da-
moukideblad ganviTareba. ar SeiZleba mivaRwioT amaTuim teqnikuri
xerxis srulyofilad Sesrulebas moZraobiTi gamZleobis, moZraobis
damaxsovrebis, yuradRebisa da sxva specifikuri Tvisebebis saTanado
mdgomareobis gareSe. aseve SeuZlebelia taqtikuri momzadebulobis
srulyofa Tu fexburTels ar gaaCnia dakvirvebulobis, warmosaxvis
unari da azrovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tviseburebebi, rogoricaa:
Sejibrebis pirobebSi taqtikuri amocanebis swrafad da da zustad
gadaWra.
sportis amaTuim saxeobis specifika, sportuli moqmedebebis Si-
naarsi da pirobebi Tavis mxriv garkveulwilad gansazRvravs sportsme-
nis fsiqikis iseTi mxareebis ganviTarebis xasiaTs, rogoricaa: aRqma da
warmodgena, mexsiereba da yuradReba, azrovneba da emocia a.S. fexbur-
Ti moiTxovs yuradRebis did moculobas da misi gadanawilebis unars.
sportul TamaSebSi mniSvnelovania mxedvelobiTi mexsierebis roli sa-
TamaSo situaciebis dasamaxsovreblad.
sportuli moqmedebebis Sesatyvisi fsiqologiuri momzadeba mizan-
dasaxul da gegmazomier muSaobas moiTxovs. amisaTvis saWiroa, rom
saswavlo–sawvrTno procesSi fsiqologiurma momzadebam saTanado
asaxva hpovos.
sportuli TamaSebi, gansakuTrebiT ki fexburTi, maRali intele-
qtiT xasiaTdeba. fexburTelis moqmedebebis fsiqologiur Tavisebu-
rebebs TamaSis pirobebi, saTamaSo moqmedebaTa xasiaTi, Sejibrebebis
mimdinareobis obieqturi da subieqturi faqtorebi gansazRvravs.
fexburTi gunduri TamaSia, romelSic ori mowinaaRmdege jgufi
monawileobs. yvelas erTi mizani aerTianebs _ TamaSis wesebis dacviT
rac SeiZleba meti burTi gaitanos metoqis karSi da naklebi miiRos sa-
kuTarSi. am miznis misaRwevad saWiroa TiToeuli fexburTelis mizan-
mimarTuli, urTierTSeTanxmebuli moqmedeba, romelic ganpirobebu-
lia fexburTelis adgiliT gundSi.
fexburTSi saTamaSo moqmedebebi rTuli da mravalferovania. maTi
efeqturad Sesruleba, garda momzadebulobis sxva mxareebisa, nebelo-
biTi Tvisebebis gamovlenasac moiTxovs.
TamaSis swrafi tempi, orTabrZola metoqesTan, warmatebisa da

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warumateblobis urTierTmonacvleoba, mayureblis reaqcia, klima-
turi pirobebi, msajobis xarisxi–yvelaferi es erTad aRebuli qmnis
maRal emocionalur fons. emociaTa erTi nawili dadebiTad moqmedebs
fexburTelze, meore ki mZime tvirTad awveba sportsmenis fsiqikas.
uaryofiTi emociebiT gamowveuli zemoqmedebis daZleva nebelobiTi
Tvisebebis mobilizebis gareSe SeuZlebeli xdeba.
TamaSi gansakuTrebul moTxovnebs uyenebs organizms, centralur
nervul sistemas, fsiqikis Tvisebebs da a.S.
fexburTisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia moTamaSeTa aqtivoba da kunTuri
muSaobis didi intensioba, romelic ZiriTadad dinamiur xasiaTs at-
arebs. TamaSis procesSi adgili aqvs araTanabar fizikur datvirTvebs
muSaobisa da dasvenebis aritmiul monacvleobas.
fexburTelTa moZraobiTi moqmedebebi Tavisi struqturiT, xasi-
aTiT, Sesrulebis maneriT sxvadasxvanairia. maT Soris ZiriTadia mo-
qmedebebi burTiT (gaCereba, gadacema, dartymebi fexiT, TaviT, cru
moZraobebi, autis mowodeba da moedanze gadaadgileba sirbili da
siaruli). garda zemoT aRniSnulisa fexburTelebs uxdebaT sxvadasxva
saxis xtomebis Sesruleba. Zalismieri xerxebis gamoyeneba orTabrZo-
lis dros.
moZraobiT moqmedebaTa Soris didi adgili ukavia sirbils, ro-
melic moedanze gadaadgilebis ZiriTadi saSualebaa, igi sxvadasxva
pirobebSi, sxvadasxva reJimSi sruldeba (garbenebi, aCqarebebi), maTT-
vis niSandoblivia mimarTulebis cvla, romelTa amocnoba xSir SemTx-
vevaSi TiTqmis SeuZlebelia.
dasarjuli drois mixedviT sirbils sxva moZraobiT aqtebTan Se-
darebiT pirveli adgili ukavia da fizikuri datvirTvis ZiriTad saxes
warmoadgens.
burTiT moqmedebebi TamaSis centraluri movlenaa da saboloo
jamSi swored maTzea damokidebuli Sexvedris Sedegi. gadacemebis sa-
SualebiT xorcieldeba urTierTSeTanxmebuli, mizanmimarTuli moq-
medebebi partniorebTan erTad da maTive monawileobiT xdeba Setevis
organizacia warmoadgenen ra gunduri TamaSis ZiriTad saSualebas, ga-
dacemebi mniSvnelovnad gansazRvraven TamaSis temps, imdenad, ramdena-
dac (gansakuTrebiT ki grZeli da maRali pirdapiri gadacemebi) burTs
SeuZlia swrafad gadalaxos didi manZili, gadacemis Sesrulebaze bev-
rad aris damokidebuli TviTon TamaSis xarisxic, xolo maT xasiaTze
ki gundis TamaSis stili. zusti gadacema fexburTelisgan moiTxovs
burTze datymis Zalis diferencirebisa da manZilis gansazRvris un-
aris mudmiv srulyofas.
fexburTelisaTvis individualuri brZolis ZiriTadi saSualebebia:
– burTis warTmeva da cru moZraobebiT (finti) mowinaaRmdegis Sec-
dena. `mowinaaRmdegesTan orTabrZolis klasikur magaliTs burTis
warTmeva da Semcdeni moZraoba warmoadgens, romelTa SesrulebisT-
vis marto teqnikuri ostatoba ar kmara. mowinaaRmdegesTan uSualo

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 brZolisas imarjvebs is, vinc teqnikur momzadebasTan erTad srulad
gamoavlens moralur–nebelobiT Tvisebebs, imisaTvis, rom metoqes wa-
varTvaT burTi, saWiroa iniciativobis gamoCena, gabeduloba orTa-
brZolisas, yuradRebis maRali intensioba, mowinaaRmdegis moqmedebis
winaswar amocnobis unari, drois swrafi da zusti gansazRvra, pozici-
is sworad SerCeva da Setevis momentis utyuari grZnoba.
burTis warTmevis da metoqis gverdis avlis mniSvneloba marto imiT
ki ar Semoifargleba, rom fexburTeli eufleba burTs, an ar aZlevs
mowinaaRmdeges amis saSualebas, aramed imiTac rom moZraobiTi moq-
medebis warmatebiT Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi igi fsiqologiur zemoq-
medebas axdens masze. burTisaTvis brZolaSi mravaljer damarcxebis
Semdeg, fexburTeli, romelsac amave dros saTanado gamocdilebac ara
aqvs, xSirad ibneva, kargavs sakuTar Tavze kontrols, rac Tavis mxriv
axal Secdomebs iwvevs. warmatebis SemTxvevaSi ki moTamaSes eufleba
dadebiTi emociebi, sakuTari Tavisadmi rwmena da Sesabamisad umjobes-
deba TamaSis xarisxic.
TamaSis kulminaciur moments burTis karSi dartyma warmoadgens.
zusti dartyma SeiZleba karis aRebiT dasruldes. karSi dartymebis
didi raodenoba gundis sabrZolo ganwyobilebis maCvenebelia, karSi
dartymebis fsiqologiuri zemoqmedeba mTeli TamaSis yvelaze mniS-
vnelovani da emociuri momentebia. intensiuri dartymebi aZlierebs
mcvelebisa da mekaris nervul daZabulobas. mowinaaRmdegis karSi gat-
anili burTi fexburTelTa emociebis gamoxatvis kulminaciuri epizo-
dia. dadebiTi da uaryofiTi emociebi Sesabamisad moqmedebs metoqee-
bze.
amrigad, Tavisi mniSvnelobis mixedviT burTiT moqmedebebs fexbur-
TelTa moZraobiT moqmedebaTa Soris wamyvani adgili ukavia, Tumca
maT Sesrulebaze daxarjuli dro sxvebTan SedarebiT bevrad mcirea.
burTiT calkeuli moqmedebebi wamis meaTedebi grZeldeba. amasTan
isini yvelaze sapasuxismgeblo da fsiqologiurad daZabuli moZraobi-
Ti aqtebia: maTi Sesrulebisas xdeba fexburTelis teqnikur–taqtikuri
ostatobis demonstrireba, rac yuradRebis maRal intensiobas, reaqci-
is siswrafes da nebelobiTi Tvisebebis gamovlinebas moiTxovs.
burTiT saTamaSo moqmedebaTa Sinaarsi pirvel rigSi ganpirobebu-
lia moTamaSis adgiliT gundSi, misi funqciebiT. TavisTavad cxadia,
burTiT moZraobiT moqmedebaTa ricxvi fexburTelis aqtivobis xarisx-
ze migvaniSnebs, Tumca maTze faqtobrivad axdens gavlenas: daZabulo-
ba, TamaSis tempi, moTamaSeebis individualuri SesaZleblobani, gundis
momzadebulobis done da bolos fsiqologiuri faqtorebi da fsiqiki-
saTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSan–Tvisebebi.
mekaris moZraobiTi moqmedebebi maTi specifikidan gamomdinare
mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba mindvris moTamaSis moZraobiTi moqmede-
bebisagan. es gansxvavebebi ZiriTadSi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom TamaSis
wesebis mixedviT mekares sajarimo moednis farglebSi xeliT TamaSis

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(burTis xeliT daWera, burTis mogerieba, tareba, xeliT miwodeba da
a.S.) ufleba aqvs. isic unda iTqvas, rom nebismieri teqnikuri elementi
saTamaSo situaciidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba sxvadasxvanairad Sesrul-
des. mTeli TamaSis procesSi mekaris mier Sesrulebuli moZraobiT mo-
qmedebaTa saerTo moculoba mniSvnelovnad naklebia, Tumca uaRresad
Zlier nerviul daZabulobasTanaa dakavSirebuli, imis gamo, rom didi
pasuxismgeblobas grZnobs gundis winaSe. igi xom faqtiurad ukanaskne-
li dabrkolebaa, romelsac SeuZlia win aRudges metoqes da ixsnas kari
xifaTisagan. sxva moTamaSeebTan SedarebiT, mekaris fizikuri datvirT-
va bevrad naklebia.
Cven ganvixileT is ZiriTadi moqmedebebi, romlebsac fexburTelebi
TamaSis procesSi axorcieleben, magram amiT ar amoiwureba moZraobiTi
moqmedebebis Sinaarsi – moTamaSeebi moedanze gadaadgildebian sirbil-
iT da siaruliT, romelTac xSirad enacvleba iseTi moZraobebi, ro-
goricaa: sxvadasxva saxis xtomebi, xtomebi TaviT TamaSisas, Zalismieri
xerxebis gamoyeneba orTabrZolisas da a.S.
maRali aqtivoba, mravalferovani moZraobebi, TamaSis warmarTvis
cvalebadi tempi, teqnikuri xerxebis Sesrulebis sirTule – yvelaferi
es moiTxovs teqnikuri ostatobis realizacias, taqtikuri amocanebis
warmatebiT gadaWras. sportuli Sromisunarianobis amaRleba warmoud-
genelia fizikuri Tvisebebis ganviTarebis saTanado donis gareSe. Zala
did rols TamaSobs moZraobis siswrafis ganviTarebaSi, xtomebis dros,
burTis dartymebisas da a.S.
saerTo gamZleoba fexburTels SesaZleblobas aZlevs SeinarCunos
maRali Sromisunarianoba, xolo specialuri gamZleoba moedanze swra-
fad gadaadgilebisa da moZraobiT moqmedebaTa mravaljeradi gameore-
bis xelSemwyobi Tvisebaa.
moqnilobis, rogorc fizikuri Tvisebis roli Zalzed mniSvnelo-
vania cvalebad situaciebSi, koordinaciulad rTuli moZraobiTi moq-
medebebis srulyofilad da zustad Sesrulebisas.
Tanamedrove fexburTSi siswrafis roli marTlac rom ganuzomlad
maRalia. misi saSualebiT xdeba moedanze gadaadgileba da rac ufro
swrafia igi, miT ufro swrafad unda Sesruldes nebismieri moZraobiTi
moqmedeba.
siswrafis, rogorc fizikuri Tvisebis, analizi SesaZleblobas gva-
Zlevs gamovyoT maTi gamovlinebis sami urTierTkavSirSi myofi momen-
ti:
1. moZraobis siCqare;
2. erTi saxis moZraobidan winaswari momzadebis gareSe meore saxis
moZraobaze gadasvlis gadasvlis siCqare;
3. rTul saTamaSo situaciebSi sxvadasxva orientirze reagire-
bis siCqarisa da taqtikuri amocanebis gadawyvetasTan dakavSirebuli
fsiqikuri procesebis mimdinareoba.
siCqares, anu moZraobis siswrafes, e.i. kunTur muSaobas gansaz-

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 Rvravs mTeli rigi faqtorebi: Tavis tvinis qerqSi mimdinare agznebi-
sa da Sekavebis procesebi, kunTebis Zala da elastiuroba, saxsrebis
moZravunarianoba. aseve mniSvnelovania nebelobiTi Tvisebebis real-
izaciis intensiurobis xarisxi, romelic, didad uwyobs xels siswrafis
SesaZleblobaTa maqsimalurad gamovlinebas.
TamaSis procesSi erTi saxis moZraobiTi moqmedebidan meore saxis
moZraobiT moqmedebaze gadsvlis siCqare siswrafis Semadgeneli erT–
erTi parametria. sxvadasxva saxis moZraobiTi moqmedebebis urTierT-
monacvleoba fexburTisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi Taviseburebaa.
erTi saxis moqmedebis meoreTi Secvlis siswrafe (sirbilis dros
moulodnelad SeCereba, swrafad gadaadgilebisas teqnikuri xerxis
aseve swrafad Sesruleba da a.S.) moTamaSisagan moiTxovs erTi moZrao-
bidan meoreze gadasvlis gansakuTrebul unars, romelic saSualebas
miscems mas, swrafad moaxdinos reagireba situaciis cvlilebaze adek-
vaturi moqmedebis saxiT.
samwuxarod, saTamaSo situaciebi imdenad swrafad icvleba moedanze,
rom fexburTels praqtikulad ar rCeba dro, raTa winaswar Seemzados
axali pirobebis Sesabamisi moqmedebebis Sesasruleblad.
siCqareSi igulisxmeba nebismier gamaRizianebelze (partnioris,
mowinaaRmdegis moqmedeba, burTi, msaji, mayurebeli da a.S.) reagire-
ba da fsiqikuri procesebis (mxedvelobiTi aRqmebi, azrovneba, gad-
awyvetilebis miReba, realizacia da sxva) mimdinareobis siCqare.
amrigad, TamaSis procesSi fexburTelTa moZraobiT moqmedebaTa
Sinaarsi mravalferovania, rac Tavis mxriv maRal moTxovnebs ayenebs
momzadebis procesebis marTvis winaSe.

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 terminTa ganmarteba

programis am nawilSi SevecdebiT mkiTxvels gavacnoT fexburTTan

dakavSirebuli yvela ZiriTadi cnebebis mniSvneloba. xSirad fexbur-
Tze saubrisas specialistebi da moyvarulebic iyeneben iseT sityvebs,
romlebic ucxouri warmoSobisaa da adamianTa did nawils SeiZleba
arc esmodes maTi mniSvneloba an naklebad erkveodes maT SinaarsSi.
terminTa ganmartebaSi, romlebsac aq SexvdebiT, rasakvirvelia, yve-
la maTgani ver moxvdeba, da Cven arc gvaqvs aseTi mizani. yvela sityva,
oficialurad ar aris dakanonebuli. zogierTi maTgani TviTon fex-
burTelebis mieraa Semotanili da xmarebaSi damkvidrebuli. albaT am
sakiTxze enaTmecnierebma da fexburTis specialistebma erTad unda
imuSaon. es momavlis saqmea. Cven aq SevecdebiT ZiriTadi terminebis
ganmartebas da vfiqrobT, rom es amjerad sruliad sakmarisia.

arbitri _ ase uwodeben msajs, romelic xelmZRvanelobs TamaSis

msvlelobas.

auti _ inglisuri sityvaa da niSnavs imas, rom burTma datova

moedani erT-erTi gverdiTi xazidan.
blic-turniri _ turniri, romelic tardeba drois mokle mon-
akveTebSi.
`moTamaSis ayvana~ -gulisxmobs erTi gundis moTamaSis mier meore
gundis moTamaSis mimarT iseTi poziciis SerCevas, roca is mudmivad
akontrolebs mowinaaRmdegis moqmedebas.

`erTi erTze gasvla~ -Tavdamsxmelma ukan Camoitova yvela mcveli da

aRmoCnda mekaresTan pirispir.
sagole momenti _ roca erT-erT gunds eqmneba SesaZlebloba gaita-
nos burTi mowinaaRmdegis karSi.
`cxriani~ _ roca burTi gadis karis maRal kuTxeSi.

dispetCeri _ ase uwodeben moTamaSes, romelic iwyebs Tavisi gundis

sxvadasxva saxis kombinaciebs.
driblingi _ Tu fexburTels uwodeben dribliors, es niSnavs, rom
is srulyofilad flobs cru moZraobebs da SeuZlia gverdi auaros
ramdenime mowinaaRmdeges. TviTon driblingi miekuTvneba individual-
ur da taqtikur moqmedebaTa jgufs.
xelovnuri `TamaSgare~ mdgomareoba -garkveul momentSi, roca Ta-
vdamsxmeli imyofeba mowinaaRmdegis zurgsukan, romliskenac Cafiqre-
bulia gadacemis gakeTeba, damcvelebi droulad gamorbian win da gad-
acemis momentSi toveben tavdamsxmels `TamaSgare~ mdgomareobaSi.

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 lideri _ es sityva fexburTSi or SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba: roca
laparakia gundze, romelic turniris msvlelobisas cxrilis saTave-
Sia, da roca laparakia gundis wamyvan fexburTelze, romelic xasiaT-
deba maRali sportuli ostatobiT da xSir SemTxvevaSi mis TamaSzea
damokidebuli gundis warmateba.
mkvdari burTi -gansakuTrebiT Znelia iseTi burTis daWera, rome-
lic didi siswrafiT moZraobs karis maRali kuTxisaken. amitom fex-
burTelebi da mayureblebi xSirad amboben: `mkvdari burTi gaitana~ an
`mkvdari burTi aiRo~. pirvel SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba iseTi burTi,
romlis mogeriebac SeuZlebelia, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi _ mekaris
warmatebuli moqmedeba, roca man SeZlo karis gadarCena.
gamWoli dartyma -roca burTi sakmaod Zlierad da miwidan dabal
simaRlezea mimarTuli moednis flangidan sajarimo moednisaken.
saxifaTo gadacema _ gadacema saxifaToa, Tu partniori burTis miRe-
bisTanave aRmoCndeba mowinaaRmdegis karTan Setevis dasagvirgvineb-
lad.
sinqronuli moqmedeba _ es fraza gulisxmos fexburTelTa droul
da zust moqmedebas, ramdenadac amas moiTxovs yoveli calkeuli saT-
amaSo momenti. sinqronuli SeiZleba iyos rogorc individualuri, ise
koleqtiuri qmedeba.
sportuli forma _ niSnavs fwxburTelis momzadebis iseT xarisxs,
roca igi mzadaa Tavisi SesaZleblobebis maqsimimis demonstrirebisT-
vis.
stopperi -erT-erTi centraluri mcveli, romelic adgils ikavebs
karis siaxloves. aseT moTamaSes xSirad Tavisufal mcvels uwodeben.
iniciativis daufleba _ roca erT-erTi gundi gamudmebiT utevs
mowinaaRmdeges, akontrolebs burTs didi xnis ganmavlobaSi, utevs
didi ZalebiT da faqtiurad karnaxobs metoqes Tavis pirobebs.
sahaero dueli -maRal burTze mcvelisa da Tavdamsxmelis dapirisp-
ireba.
TamaSSi Sesvla _ roca fexburTeli axerxebs moedanze gamosvlis
Semdeg drois mokle monakveTSi brZolaSi srulad CarTvas.
adgilis SerCeva _ fexburTelis unari _ sworad SearCios pozicia,

Rrma reidi _ roca fexburTeli Tavisi karis siaxloves daeufleba

burTs da iwyebs moZraobas moednis siRrmeSi. zogierT SemTxvevaSi fex-
burTeli Tavisi karidan mowinaaRmdegis karamdec ki aRwevs. aseTi Rrma
reidi SeiZleba Sesruldes burTiT da uburTodac.
saTamaSi disciplina _ yoveli matCis win dgeba TamaSis warmarTvis
gegma, romelSic gansazRvrulia TiToeuli moTamaSis da mTlianad gun-
dis amocanebi am konkretul matCSi. yvela fexburTeli valdebulia
moqmedebdes saerTo gegmis Tanaxmad.saTamaSo disciplinis darRveva
zogierT SemTxvevaSi metoqis winaaRmdeg uxeSi TamaSiT da msajebTan
kamaTiTac xdeba.

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 saTamaSo intuicia -mowinaaRmdegis Canafiqris winaswar gansazRvra.
sayvareli xerxi _ TiTqmis yvela fexburTeli flobs iseT xerxs, ro-
melTa Sesrulebas gansakuTrebiT srulyofilad axerxebs,
kombinaciuri TamaSi _ moTamaSeTa Soris urTierTSeTanxmebuli mo-
qmedebebi.

137
 reziume
winamdebare gzamkvlevi fexburTSi swavlebis sabazo da saSualo
safexurebisTvis Sesrulebulia ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saminis-
tros mier rekomendirebuli moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.
programa gaTvaliswinebulia sajaro skolebis VII – XII klasebis mos-
wavleebisaTvis. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es aris saministros mcdeloba,
sportis saxeobebis saswavlo programebis gansazRvrisa da maTi praq-
tikuli ganxorcielebis ramdenadme misaRebi sistemebis Camoyalibebisa.
proramaze muSaobisas garkveuli uxerxuloba Seqmna sportuli
momzadebis mxareebis (teqnikuri, fizikuri, taqtikuri) swavlebisa da
srulyofis doneebis (sami done) mixedviT ganawilebis moTxovnam. imis
gaTvaliswinebiT, rom momecadineebis, ase vTqvaT, `sastarto~, sawyisi
individualuri da moZraobiTi gamocdilebebi sxvadasxvagvaria, zogi-
erTma maTganma, SeiZleba, rTuli donis moTxovnebic daakmayofilos,
da es bunebrivicaa. amitom, `doneebiT~ gansazRvruli moTxovnebiT ar
unda iyos SezRuduli TiToeuli moswavlis SesaZleblobani. maTi praq-
tikaSi danergva pedagogis codnasa da gamocdilebazea damokidebuli.
saswavlo masalis `doneebis~ mixedviT dayofa ramdenadme pirobiTia da
sulac ar gamoricxavs maT gadanacvlebas an erTmaneTiT Sevsebas.
programaSi ganxilulia sportuli momzadebis (teqnikuri, fizikuri,
taqtikuri da fsiqologiuri) Sinaarsi, rac metnaklebad warmodgenas
Seuqmnis skolis pedagogebs, gaecnos momzadebis TiToeuli mxarisaT-
vis damaxasiaTebel Taviseburebebs, maTi ganviTarebis kanonzomiere-
bebs, swavlebisa da srulyofis meTodur xerxebs. Cven aseve SevecadeT,
gamogveyenebina TvalsaCinoebis masala (naxatebi, sqemebi da sxva), rac
gaaadvilebs swavlebisa da srulyofis process.
Cven mier momzadebuli programa, rasakvirvelia, ver iqneba dazRveu-
li calkeuli xarvezebisgan da momavalSi bevri ram iqneba dasaxvewi da
dasazustebeli. miuxedavad amisa, vimedovnebT, rom pirvel etapze is
mniSvnelovnad daexmareba skolebis fizkulturis maswavleblebsa da
moswavleebs.

138
 gamoyenebuli literatura

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disertacia). Tbilisi, 1962.
2. matveevi l.p. sportuli wvrTnis safuZvlebi. gam. `ganaTleba~,
Tbilisi, 1987.
3. ratiani T., jaSi T. fexburTi. gam. `qarTuli wignis saxli~. Tbili-
si, 2008.
4. uznaZe d. zogadi fsiqologia. mecnierebaTa akademia. Tbilisi,
1964.
5. fizikuri aRzrdis mediko-biologiuri safuZvlebi. meToduri mi-
TiTebebi, 1978.
6. fizikuri aRzrdisa da sportis fiziologiuri safuZvlebi. red.
n.v.zimkinis. gam. `ganaTleba~, Tbilisi, 1982.
7. Zagania g. xelburTi _ saxelmZRvanelo fizikuri kulturis insti-
tutebisaTvis. gam. `ganaTleba~. Tbilisi, 1993.
8. Джармен Дж. Футболь для юных. Москва, Фис, 1982.
9. Зациорский В.М. Физические качества спортсмена. Фис, 1970.
10. Лисенчук Г.А. Управление подготовкой футболистов. Киев, `Олимпийская
литература~, 2003.
11. Озолин Н.Г. Настольная книга тренера. Москва, Аст Астрель, 2004.
12. Романенко А.Н., Джус О.Н., Догадин М.Е. Книга тренера по футболу.
Киев, изд. `Здровя~, 1988.
13. Симаков В.Ч. Футбол. Простые комбинации. Москва, Фис, 1987.
14. Футбол. Правила игры. Изд. `Терра спорт~. Москва, 2007.
15. Футбол. Учебная программа для спортивних школ. Москва, 1977.
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