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    Signal Sampling and Quantization - 1

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    Lana Alakhras
    The Nyquist sampling rate for this signal is 10,000 samples/second. Since the highest frequency component is 5000 Hz, according to Nyquist theorem the minimum sampling rate should be at least 2 * 5000 = 10,000 samples/second.

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    Signal Sampling and Quantization - 1

    Uploaded by

    Lana Alakhras
    64 views20 pages
    The Nyquist sampling rate for this signal is 10,000 samples/second. Since the highest frequency component is 5000 Hz, according to Nyquist theorem the minimum sampling rate should be at least 2 * 5000 = 10,000 samples/second.

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    Medical signal processing lecture

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    Signal Sampling and Quantization_1

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    The Nyquist sampling rate for this signal is 10,000 samples/second. Since the highest frequency component is 5000 Hz, according to Nyquist theorem the minimum sampling rate should be at least 2 * 5000 = 10,000 samples/second.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views20 pages

    Signal Sampling and Quantization - 1

    Uploaded by

    Lana Alakhras
    The Nyquist sampling rate for this signal is 10,000 samples/second. Since the highest frequency component is 5000 Hz, according to Nyquist theorem the minimum sampling rate should be at least 2 * 5000 = 10,000 samples/second.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 20

    Signal Sampling

    and Quantization

    10/22/2023 1
    Overview
    • Digital Signal Processing System
    • Analog to Digital Conversion
    • Nyquist–Shannon Sampling Theorem
    • Aliasing
    • Sampling Effect in Time Domain
    • Sampling Effect in Frequency Domain
    • Anti Aliasing Filter
    • Under-sampling
    • Sampling of Band Limited Signals
    • Over-sampling
    • Digital to Analog Conversion

    2
    Analog vs. Digital Signal Processing

    Analog input Analog Analog output


    Signal x(t) Signal Processor Signal y(t)

    Analog Signal Processing

    Analog Analog
    input output
    Signal x(t) Signal y(t)
    A/D Digital D/A
    converter Signal Processor converter

    Digital Signal Processing

    3 3
    Typical Digital Signal Processing System

    4 4
    Analog to Digital Conversion
    A/D conversion can be viewed as a three-step process

    5 5
    Analog to Digital Conversion

    6 6
    Analog to Digital Conversion
    Sample & Hold (Sampler)

    • Analog signal is continuous in time and continuous in


    amplitude.

    • It means that it carries infinite information of time and


    infinite information of amplitude.

    • Analog (continuous-time) signal has some value defined at


    every time instant, so it has infinite number of sample
    points.

    7 7
    Analog to Digital Conversion
    Sample & Hold (Sampler)

    • It is impossible to digitize an infinite number of points.

    • The infinite points cannot be processed by the digital signal


    (DS) processor or computer, since they require an infinite
    amount of memory and infinite amount of processing power
    for computations.

    • Sampling is the process to reduce the time information or


    sample points.

    8 8
    Analog to Digital Conversion
    Sample & Hold (Sampler)

    • The first essential step in analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion is


    to sample an analog signal.

    • This step is performed by a sample and hold circuit, which


    samples at regular intervals called sampling intervals.

    • Sampling can take samples at a fixed time interval.

    • The length of the sampling interval is the same as the


    sampling period, and the reciprocal of the sampling period is
    the sampling frequency fs.

    9 9
    Analog to Digital Conversion
    Sample & Hold (Sampler)

    10
    Analog to Digital Conversion
    Sample & Hold (Sampler)

    • After a brief acquisition time, during which a sample is


    acquired, the sample and hold circuit holds the sample
    steady for the remainder of the sampling interval.
    • The hold time is needed to allow time for an A/D converter to
    generate a digital code that best corresponds to the analog
    sample.
    • If x(t) is the input to the sampler, the output is x(nT), where T
    is called the sampling interval or sampling period.
    • After the sampling, the signal is called “discrete time
    continuous signal” which is discrete in time and continuous in
    amplitude.

    1111
    Analog to Digital Conversion
    Sample & Hold (Sampler)

    1212
    Analog to Digital Conversion
    Sample & Hold (Sampler)
    Figure below shows an analog (continuous-time) signal (solid
    line) defined at every point over the time axis (horizontal line)
    and amplitude axis (vertical line).
    Hence, the analog signal contains an infinite number of points.

    1313
    Analog to Digital Conversion
    Sample & Hold (Sampler)
    • Each sample maintains its voltage level during the sampling
    interval to give the ADC enough time to convert it.
    • This process is called sample and hold.

    1414
    Nyquist–Shannon Sampling Theorem
    The sampling theorem guarantees that an analogue signal
    can be perfectly recovered as long as the sampling rate is at
    least twice as large as the highest-frequency component of
    the analogue signal to be sampled.

    1515
    Nyquist–Shannon Sampling Theorem

    1616
    Nyquist–Shannon Sampling Theorem
    Examples

    1717
    Nyquist–Shannon Sampling Theorem
    Example: For the following analog signal, find the Nyquist sampling rate,
    also determine the digital signal frequency and the digital signal

    1818
    Nyquist–Shannon Sampling Theorem
    Example: Find the sampling frequency of the following signal.

    So sampling frequency should be

    1919
    Nyquist–Shannon Sampling Theorem

    Exercise

    Determine the Nyquist sampling rate of a signal


    x(t) = 3sin(5000t + 17o)

    2020

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