United States

Department of the Interior

Cafeteria
Modernization

Michael Gorman

Construction
Management

Dr. Reilly

Department of the
Interior Cafeteria
Modernization

1849 C Street NW,

Washington D.C.

October 4, 2010

Technical Report
#1
 Table of
Contents

Executive Summary……………………………1

Project Schedule Summary……………..2

Building Systems Summary………….……4

Project Cost Evaluation…………………7

Site Plan of Existing Conditions…..10

Local Conditions……………………………12

Client Information…………………………14

Project Delivery System……………..…16

Staffing Plan…………………………….……18
 Executive Summary

Technical Assignment 1 is a detailed report that will analyze the existing conditions and all
construction considerations for the Department of Interior Cafeteria Modernization Project. This
report will take a preliminary look into the schedule, cost, and building site plan for this
project. Background information on the building’s systems, local conditions, client information,
project delivery method and staffing plan will be also provided.

The Department of the Interior building is located at 1849 C

Street Northwest in Washington D.C.. It was constructed in 1936
under the New Deal, and featured some of the most state of the
art features in the building industry, such as air conditioning and
fire protection. In the mid 90’s, plans for the modernization of
the Department of the Interior building began coming into
discussion. In 2001, Grunley Construction Company was awarded the contract to the
modernization of Wing 6. The contract for the modernization of each additional wing has been
has added as an amendment or “Option” to the original contract. The cafeteria for the
Department of the Interior is located on the basement level of Wing 3 and Wing 4. It has been
contracted as a change order for the modernization of Wing 3.

The Deparment of Interior Cafeteria Modernization project began construction February 6,

2009. The cafeteria project included the renovation of a multiple spaces all for the purpose of
providing the Department of Interiorand it’s employees with upgrade facilities for their day to
day work. The project renovation scope includes a dining area, post office, Interior Department
Recreation Association Office, credit union, two conference rooms, a barber shop, kitchen area,
servery area, locker room, 3 walk in coolers, mechanical room, electrical room and elevator.
Renovations to the building’s structure (steel frame encased in concrete) would include a new
skylight system for the dining area, and slab replacement in the kitchen. The orginal schedule
had called for completetion in March of 2010, but did not actually occur until July 29th.

Just as with the schedule, the original estimate did not come in on budget either. The original
proposal from the general contractor came to $7,888,275. Although the final cost are still
being comprised, the actual cost is predicted to be between $9 Million to $11 Million dollars..
The cafeteria modernization was given notice to proceed with a Price to be Determined Later
(PDL) agreement. Upon completion, all parties will have a meeting to sort out who is
responsible to pay for areas where the project went over budget. Although time and money may
have exceded expected values, all parties were satisfied with their final product.On August 4,
2010, a grand opening was held where cafeteria modernization had received rave reviews by
the Department of Interior employees.

Michael Gorman -1- Department of the Interior Cafeteria Modernization Project

 Project Schedule Summary

Project Schedule Summary

The Department of the Interior Cafeteria Modernization received the Construction Notice to
Proceed on February 6, 2009. The first actual construction to take place was the abatement of
lead, asbestos, and any other harmful construction material that was present in the site. To
avoid endangering any of the buildings occupants, all abatement took place during night shifts.
After abatement was completed selective demolition began throughout the cafeteria space.
Demolition would run slower than usual due to the preservation of many of the original
construction materials (ie. Ceramic tiles, murals, stone transitions, stone bases, etc.).

A major scheduling obstacle, laid in the completion of the new skylight system. Due to lack of
as-builts, the contractors were unable to approximate the correct scheduling time for the
removal of original roofing membrane. This would not be the last major delay to the schedule.
Perhaps the largest delay came after the completion of demolition in the kitchen area. The
utility trenches under the kitchen were in far worse condition then previously planned for.
Replacing dilapidated utility lines, filling the trench with aggregate, and placing a 4” concrete
slab over the trenches held up the original schedule by more than a month.

After the skylight system was completed and the utility trench sorted out, the framing of walls
and installation of mechanical and electrical systems began. Due to the cafeteria’s tie-in to the
rest of the building’s utilities, coordination was deemed critical to the schedule. BIM modeling
was used to design and coordinate all MEP to prevent conflicts from scheduling delays.

In the construction of spaces like a cafeteria, there is a significant focus on finishes. Not only
did finishes take longer than scheduled, but the punch list process dragged out due to the lack
of quality control and supervision of finish contractors. The cafeteria punch list compiled more
than 1600 items, and even after the occupation of the vendor, over 100 items were still open.
The drawn out punch list process pushed back the LEED Flush out to the point where it could
not be completed prior to vendor occupation and thus loss of that LEED credit.

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The Department of the Interior Cafeteria Modernization Project
Project Schedule Summary

MILESTONE

DURATION
 Building Systems Summary

Yes No Work Scope

X Demolition
X Structural Steel Frame
X Precast Concrete
X Cast In Place Concrete
X Mechanical System
X Electrical System
X Masonry
X Curtain Wall
X Support of Excavation
X LEED Certification

Demolition was the first phase of construction in the modernization of the cafeteria. The
original cafeteria was laden with dilapidated carpet, flooring, equipment etc.. Fortunately, the
cafeteria also had some historic pieces that were to be incorporated with the new design in
order to pay homage to its history. Removing original ceramic tiles, stone flooring transitions,
and stone bases requires a significant amount of time and care. In addition to removing and
refinishing those materials, there were various murals painted in the cafeteria that needed
proper protection. At one a contractor working on the opposite side of a wall mural punctured
the wall and disturbed the mural. Fortunately this was the only incident throughout the
construction. Before any of the above can take place, the site must first be declared free from
hazardous materials.

Abatement of hazardous materials was a concern throughout modernization of the entire

Department of the Interior Building. The cafeteria was no exception. Asbestos could be found
all over the site from the glue on flooring tiles, to the insulation of piping. In addition to
asbestos, lead paint needed to be removed from all surfaces as well. This abatement period was
scheduled to occur during night time shifts. All abatement work was done by the contractor
Aceco, and daily air quality monitoring performed by Mactec.

Before Demolition After Demolition

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 Building Systems Summary

The Department of the Interior Building structure consist of a

steel frame encased in cast in concrete. The building was
designed in the 1930’s to be an example to the rest of the
country by having the most advanced mechanical, electrical,
communication and fire proofing systems. Encasing steel in
concrete was consider the best fire proofing possible at the
time. In addition to fireproofing, encasing steel in concrete led
to greater spacing for columns and thus making wider corridors
and common areas possible. Most of the structure was left
untouched in the modernization of the cafeteria.

Column Layout
The largest structural feature on this project lies in the new skylight
system for the dining room roof. The Dining room roof, lies between
Wing 4 and Wing 3, and is one story above grade. The roof is held up
by eight main girders that span the entire dining area from north to
south. In the original skylight system the roof was completely flat. The
new proposed skylights consist of seven pyramid-like skylights that
rest on a one foot high cast-in-place curb. The new skylight system
adds a significant amount of load to the original roof. After a
structural review by Thornton Tomassetti, it was decided that the
original steel encased in concrete roof structure could support the
load.
New Skylights

The mechanical system was designed under the following circumstances:

o Summer outdoor design conditions: 91°F dry bulb, 77°F wet bulb.
o Winter outdoor design conditions: 17°F dry bulb.
o Indoor design conditions: 75°F, 50%RH cooling; 70F heating
o R-19 Walls
o U-0.95 Windows
o R-12.5 Roof
o ASHRAE 62.1 Ventilation Requirements

The system’s cooling is provided by chilled water cooling coils in each of

the new air handlers. This chilled water comes from the existing base- Mechanical Room
building cooling plant. The system’s heating is provided from multiple
sources. Each air handler receives hot- water from the base-building plant. Reheat coils are
furnished in each VAV box with exterior exposure. In addition, electric baseboard heaters are
located under every tall window. The dining room, kitchen, IDRA, post office, and two
conference rooms each have their own air handling unit that is controlled by individual wall
mounted thermostats. The kitchen’s air handling unit is a Variable Air Volume unit so as to
handle the multiple zones in the kitchen. The entire cafeteria is covered with a dry stand pipe
sprinkler system.

Michael Gorman -5- Department of the Interior Cafeteria Modernization Project

 Building Systems Summary

The cafeteria project contains a complex electrical system.

Between the lighting controls in the dining room, the electric
heating, and the multitude of kitchen equipment the electrical
system has many different loads to account for. The system brings
in power at both 480Y/277 and 208Y/120 due to the different
demands for voltage. All existing panel boards and wiring were
removed during demolition and replaced by new ones. The power
is supplied from the base building’s power system and is also
backed up by the main building’s generator. The IDRA, post office,
credit union, and barber shop all have their own panel.

Electrical Room

The cafeteria modernization project is working towards achieving a Silver Certification for LEED
for Commercial Construction v2.0. The initial design analysis called out 30 “probable” and 17
“possible” points. The construction management process would prove to be vital in this
certification due to a significant focus in points through waste recycling, restoration of original
materials, material selection from local manufacturers, as well as indoor air quality during
construction. A LEED consultant was hired on this project during the design phase and retained
throughout the construction period.

Dining Room
Planter

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 Project Cost Evaluation

Michael Gorman -7- Department of the Interior Cafeteria Modernization Project

 Project Cost Evaluation

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 Project Cost Evaluation

Using meanscostworks.com, a R.S. Means Sq. Foot Estimate was taken. Using the following data a final
estimate price of $4,024,0000 was achieved.

Area: 27,940 SF

Perimeter: 800 LF

Stories: 1 @ 12 ft Story Height

15% Contractor Fee and 3% Architect Fee

Every Additive for Kitchen Equipment was added as well

Michael Gorman -9- Department of the Interior Cafeteria Modernization Project

 Site Plan of Existing Conditions

Concorian
Gallery of 9 Stories
Art

8 Stories 4 St.
Grade Level

US Personnel 6 St. 4 St.

Memorial
Management
1 Story Continental Hall
Office (8 Stories)

es
Stori
9

Memorial Continental
Hall (3 Stories)

Cafeteria Construction Area

The Department of the Interior building is located in the Foggy Bottom Section of Washington
D.C., just east of the Washington Monument and White House. As with building in any city,
parking is at a premium. Two hour limited parking is available on most city streets and while
some parking is available in the parking garages, most workers commute by the Washington
Metro System. 19TH Street is the only access road to the cafeteria entrance. It is a five lane
road that has been reduced to three lanes due to the cafeteria construction (Refer to Site Plan
for pedestrian/traffic/delivery patterns). Need for further lane closure must be schedule
during night shifts, and receive District approval. Delivery schedules must take into account
daytime and rush hour traffic as well as presidential motorcade road blocks.

Michael Gorman -10- Department of the Interior Cafeteria Modernization Project

 Site Plan of Existing Conditions

Wing 5
N

Wing 4

Wing 3

Wing 2

Delivery Existing to be Abandoned Department of

Cones Access
Electric From Central Plant
the Interior
Jersey
Barriers
Pedestrian Cafeteria
Path Hot/Chilled Water from Central Plant Modernization
Construction Cafeteria Site Plan
Gas from City Utility Line
Fence Entrance

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 Local Conditions

Local Conditions

Washington D.C. is one of the largest markets for construction in the world. Between the
building codes, zoning, water table height, population density, and traffic, it is also one of the
most challenging places to build. The following were construction issues that were a result of
the local conditions.

As most experienced in DC construction are aware, concrete is king. This is true due to the
restriction on building height according to the district zoning regulations. DOI was unique in
that its structural system consisted of steel beams encapsulated in concrete, as opposed to the
usual reinforced concrete structures. The cafeteria modernization did not have to take any of
this into account, but there was significant concrete placement on the project. The availability
of concrete and the number of skilled concrete contractors drove down the price and drove up
the quality of placement on this project.

Terrazzo is a popular flooring material used in government

office buildings. The popularity of terrazzo in the DC area made
finding competent contractors and quality materials an easy
task.

Popular throughout the Department of the Interior Building, black quarry

stone is used from flooring transitions, to baseboards, to door trim. This
historic stone was pulled from a quarry in DC in the early 1920’s that is no
longer in use. Somehow, a piece of historic stone that had been taken out for
preservation was lost and needed to be replaced. Unfortunately no such local
stone could match the historic one. In the end a close match was shipped in
from a Tennessee quarry.

A few LEED points were considered easily achievable, such as local material selections and a
sustainable site. Washington, D.C.,, being the construction epicenter that it is, made the
selection of materials from within a 500 mile radius easily achievable. The location of the DOI
Building in regards to public transportation and various shopping facilities also made the
sustainable site selection credits feasible.

There is no on-site parking due to the location of this project. Local parking garages were
available for $15/day. The Metro System is the most popular means of transportation with a
bus station on the block over and the Metrorail being 5 blocks away. There is room for a truck
or two within the construction fence on 18th and 19th street, but only for quick drop on and offs.

Michael Gorman -12- Department of the Interior Cafeteria Modernization Project

 Local Conditions
Any cranes or delivery trucks can only access the site at night, when more than one lane shut
down in possible. All lane closures must be worked out through the District.

One dumpster is available onsite for garbage. It is

sorted for recyclables off site. The typical tipping
fee is $500.

Washington D.C. was built on top of a swamp, and thus has a low water table. One morning, a
half hour thunderstorm overflowed the city sewer system, and flooded every neighboring street
as well as the mechanical and electrical room in the cafeteria. This being said, waterproofing,
rebar coverage, drainage, and structural foundations needed more than normal consideration.

Michael Gorman -13- Department of the Interior Cafeteria Modernization Project

 Client Information

The General Service Administration is an independently run

government organization. Their purpose is to support all of the
government agencies by means of office space, transportation,
communication or whatever means necessary. Those in the
construction industry know GSA as the owner of all government
buildings. In the DC area in particular, GSA is the largest
employer of construction services. Working with GSA as an
owner provides a unique scenario, in that many of their
employee’s actually have engineering and construction degrees.
The GSA representatives on the Department of the Interior
Modernization Project have been acting as an owner on construction project for 20-30 years.

This project is a GSA owned building that has been leased to the Department of the Interior
since the 1920’s. The cafeteria serves both DOI and other government employees working in
neighboring buildings. The existing DOI cafeteria had been last updated in the 1970’s. The
outdated architectural appearance, the closed in ceiling, inefficient mechanical system, and
dilapidated kitchen area were due for modernization. Before the design phase, a feasibility
study was taken to determine the factors that will provide a better cafeteria for DOI employees ,
neighboring government workers, and day-to-day visitors. This feasibility study was critical in
determining a new vendor that would eventually occupy this the cafeteria’s kitchen. In addition
to the cafeteria’s kitchen, there are two conference rooms and four offices spaces. The
occupants of the four offices space will also serve to enhance the quality of life for those who
occupy the Department of Interior Office Building. A new post office will allow government
employees to handle all their mailing needs while at
work. An Interior Department Recreation
Association(IDRA) office will serve as a gift shop for
visitors. In addition, a new credit union, and barber
shop will allow visitors and employees run their
daily errands during work hours. In conclusion, the
mission critical is to provide all those who spend
time in the DOI Building with a better quality,
easier, and more efficient experience.

The cafeteria project creates all kinds of logistical concerns in regards to time to cost, quality,
schedule, safety, and phasing:

The cafeteria is being built under a Price to be Determined Later agreement.

This being said, GSA requested an estimate by the architect, CM, and GC before
any notice to proceed. It expected that Grunley will complete this project within
range of those estimates. A negotiation meeting will be held at the end of
construction, where all parties will come together to sort out cost that have

Michael Gorman -14- Department of the Interior Cafeteria Modernization Project

 Client Information
exceeded original estimation. Grunley agrees to a PDL keeping in mind that GSA
provides them with a large amount of work, both on this project and others.
Jacobs, is responsible for keeping track of Grunley’s construction cost and
watching out for the owner’s best interest.

GSA expects quality in both materials and craftsmanship. It is up to Grunley to

manage their subcontractors’ quality of work. It is Jacobs responsibility to
ensure that all construction is per contract documents. It is Shalom Baranes’
responsibility to ensure that all contract documents are per code, and owner’s
specifications. In the end, the quality of the cafeteria modernization rested in
each party’s hands.

Grunley began abatement in March of 2009. They were expected to have the
cafeteria handed over in February of 2010. Due to unforeseen existing
conditions, Grunley was significantly behind schedule. Conveniently, GSA was
unable to procure a cafeteria vendor by their desired date, and thus Grunley was
allowed to push back completion until August. August was an absolute deadline,
because the vendor’s contract stated that they could occupy the space by then.

Throughout the construction of the cafeteria, neighboring office spaces were

being occupied. It was critical that DOI employees were not affected at all by any
construction processes. Temporary Walls were built to separate the construction
area from the neighboring corridor. Negative air pressure was maintained to
ensure that no construction odors or pollutants could enter occupied space. In
addition to the occupants’ safety, any party that entered the construction area
was forced to abide by the Grunley Construction Safety Plan. Hard hats,
protective eye wears, and steel toed boots were required at a minimum at all
times.

The Department of the Interior building consist of six wings, with a large
corridor running down between them. The Cafeteria lies under Wing 4 and Wing
3. It was decided that the Cafeteria would be included within the Wing 3 phase,
but not begin until halfway through Wing 3 Construction. Originally Wing 3 and
the cafeteria were supposed to be completed at the same time, but delays in the
cafeteria pushed back the completion date as mentioned above.

Michael Gorman -15- Department of the Interior Cafeteria Modernization Project

 Project Delivery Method

As previously stated, the Department of Interior Modernization Project was awarded to Grunley
Construction Company for Wing 6 based on a Design-Bid-Build delivery method in 2001. Each
addition to the original contract (“Option”), has been proceeded upon under a PDL (Price
Determined Later) agreement. The cafeteria is actually a Change Order for the Option 3/Wing 3
contract. Also a PDL, the cafeteria is treated as a Cost Plus Fee contract with room for
negotiation on the cost for construction. Between Grunley already being on-site, prior
knowledge about this building’s construction, and an existing relationship with rest of project
team, this is the best delivery method for the cafeteria. A contract with a PDL requires a lot of
trust between the CM, GC, and owner. A PDL only works in this system because of the potential
for repeat business that comes with working for GSA. Additionally, Grunley holds bonding and
the insurance plan on the rest of the building’s construction and thus providing a cost savings
for the owner.

The original construction management contract was awarded to Tishman Construction. After
the Completion of Wing 5, the owner opted to release Tishman Construction and go with Jacobs
Engineering as the Construction Management Agency. Jacobs is hired under a Lump Sum
contract.

Finally, the architect of the Department of Interior Modernization Project, and particularly the
cafeteria is Shalom Baranes Associates. The architect holds all the contracts with the
engineering and design subcontractors. Shalom Baranes subcontracts engineering and design
services out for whatever they cannot complete in-house.

All design communication runs through Shalom Baranes Associates. Any RFI or submittal will
come through them, and then passed down to the appropriate engineer or designer. All
construction communication runs through Grunley. Grunley must follow government
regulations for contractor selection (minority owned contractors, bidding process, bidding
invitations, etc.). Any communication between the construction team, the design team, and the
owner runs through Jacobs Engineering. Jacobs acts solely for the Owner’s Interest and thus
only holds a contract with the owner despite lines of communication with every party.

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-Cost Plus Fee

-Lump Sum

-Tenant
 Staffing Plan

Project Executive

Project Managers Quality Control Manager Field Superintendants

Administrative Assistant Project Engineers Foremen

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 Staffing Plan

Project Manager

Assistant PM

Inspectors Administrative Assistant

Architectural

Electrical/ Fire Protection

Mechanical/Plumbing

Michael Gorman -19- Department of the Interior Cafeteria Modernization Project

 Staffing Plan

The Cafeteria Modernization presented both the General Contractor and the Construction
Manager with a staffing dilemma. The cafeteria project ran simultaneously with the
modernization of Wing 2 and Wing 3. While it needed enough staff to handle the $10 Million
change order, it was not large enough to allocate personnel solely to the cafeteria. Both Grunley
and Jacobs decided to assign management personnel to strictly handle the cafeteria, while
using the rest of the team to work on both the cafeteria and wing modernizations.

Grunley assigned one project manager and one super-intendant to head up the cafeteria. The
quality control manager, project engineers, administration as well as the field laborers and
foreman split their time between the cafeteria and wing projects. Jacobs on the other hand,
assigned an assistant project manager to lead the construction management, while splitting the
rest of the staff’s time between projects.

Laborer Working On Window Frame

Michael Gorman -20- Department of the Interior Cafeteria Modernization Project