Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 17 views

    SMA 2304 - ODE - Tutorial 1

    Uploaded by

    xtnnjr
    This document contains tutorial problems on ordinary differential equations including: 1) Deriving a differential equation to model the propagation of a rumor over time. 2) Determining if equations are exact and solving exact equations. 3) Finding integrating factors to make equations exact and solve them. 4) Solving initial value problems and separable differential equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    SMA 2304 - ODE - Tutorial 1

    Uploaded by

    xtnnjr
    17 views3 pages
    This document contains tutorial problems on ordinary differential equations including: 1) Deriving a differential equation to model the propagation of a rumor over time. 2) Determining if equations are exact and solving exact equations. 3) Finding integrating factors to make equations exact and solve them. 4) Solving initial value problems and separable differential equations.

    Original Description:

    Ordinary differential equations 1

    Original Title

    SMA 2304_ODE_Tutorial 1

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document contains tutorial problems on ordinary differential equations including: 1) Deriving a differential equation to model the propagation of a rumor over time. 2) Determining if equations are exact and solving exact equations. 3) Finding integrating factors to make equations exact and solve them. 4) Solving initial value problems and separable differential equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    17 views3 pages

    SMA 2304 - ODE - Tutorial 1

    Uploaded by

    xtnnjr
    This document contains tutorial problems on ordinary differential equations including: 1) Deriving a differential equation to model the propagation of a rumor over time. 2) Determining if equations are exact and solving exact equations. 3) Finding integrating factors to make equations exact and solve them. 4) Solving initial value problems and separable differential equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    SMA 2304: ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS I

    TUTORIAL ONE
    May 15, 2022.

    a. The number N t  of individuals in JKUAT who have heard a rumor at time t is given by

    N t   ce 2e
    0.5 t
    obtain a differential equation for the rate of the propagation of the rumor.
    b. Show that the following equations are exact hence determine their solutions
    i) 3x 2
     
     4 xy dx  2 x 2  2 y dy  0 
    ii) (2 x cos y  3x 2 y )dx  ( x3  x 2 sin y  y )dy  0

    iii)  3x  2 y  dx  (2 x  y)dy  0
    iv)  3x 2
     
    y 2  4 x 3 y 2 dx  2 x 3 y  3x 4 y 2 dy
    3 y  y 2  2x 
    v)  2 dx   dy  0
     x 
    2
     xy 
    c. In each of the following equations determine the constants A such that the equation is exact
    hence solve the resulting equation.
    i) x 2
     
     3xy dx   Ax 2  4 y dy  0 
     1 1   Ax  1 
    ii)  2  2  dx   2  dy  0
    x y   y 
    d. Consider the differential equation

     4 x  3 y  dx  2 xydy  0
    2

    i) Show that this equation is not exact.


    ii) Find an integrating factor of form x n where n is a positive integer.
    iii) Multiply the given equation through by the integrating factor found in b and solve
    the resulting equation.
    e. The number of words N per minute a first year Actuarial student can type using a computer
    increases with practice. If the rate of change of N is proportional to the difference between
    N and an upper limit of 100 words, assuming that at the start of the year the student could
    not type at all and after 10 days of practice the student can type 25 words.
    a. How many words can the student type after 15 days of practice?
    b. How many days must a student practice to be able to type 50 words?
    NB: (Take note of the concept below and transfer it to your notebooks after the second lecture.
    It will assist you to solve part d above)
    INTEGRATING FACTORS
    Consider the equation M ( x, y)dx  N ( x, y)dy  0
    M xy  N xy 
    If  then the equation is exact, the solution of which is one parameter family of
    y dx
    M xy  N xy 
    solutions. If  the equation is not exact thus the above method cannot be applied
    y dx
    to solve the equation.
    Perhaps this equation can be multiplied by an expression which will transform it to an exact one
    e.g. consider the equation
    ydx  2 xdy  0 , this equation is not exact but if multiplied by y it is transformed to an exact

    one y 2 dx  2 xydy  0 . Since this equation is integrable y is called the integrating factor.
    Definition- if the equation M ( x, y)dx  N ( x, y)dy  0 is not exact in domain D but the differential

    equation   xy  M ( xy )dx   ( xy ) N ( xy )dy  0 is exact in D then  ( xy ) is called an integrating

    factor of the given equation.


    Example: Consider the differential equation  3 y  4 xy 2  dx   2 x  3x 2 y  dy  0 .

    M N
    Now  3  8 xy and  2  6 xy . This equation is not exact. Let  ( xy )  x 2 y then multiply
    y dx

    the given equation by  ( xy ) we have  3x 2 y 2  4 x 3 y 2  dx   2 x 3 y  3x 4 y 2  dy which is exact since

    M
    ( xy)   6 x 2 y  12 x3 y 2
    y
    N
     ( xy)  6 x2 y  12 x3 y 2 hence  ( xy ) is the integrating factor of this equation.
    x

    End of note.
    f. Solve the initial value problems

     
    i) y  x 2  y 2 dx  xdy  0 y(1)  0

    ii)  2 xy  3 y 2  dx   2 xy  x 2  dy  0 y (1)  2

    g. Solve the following equations


    dy  2 x  1  2 x
    i)  ye
    dx  x 

    ii) x 2

     1 dy
    dx
     4 xy  x

    iii) x 4 dy  2 x3 y  1
    dx

    iv) dy  y  xy3
    dx
    2
    v) dy y y
    dx x x
    dy y x
    vi)   3
    dx 2 x y

    You might also like