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Chapter
4 Triangle Centres
fdlh Hkh triangle ds fy, yxHkx 6100 centres Intensive
defined gSA Q. Alice the princess is standing on a side AB of
buesa ls 5 Classical centres important gSa ftUgs ge ABC with sides 4, 5 and 6 and jumps on side
bl chapter esa detail ls discuss djsaxsaA BC and again jumps on side CA and finally
1. Orthocentre (yEcdsUnz] H) comes back to his original position. The
2. Incentre (vUr% dsUnz] I) smallest distance Alice could have jumped is?
3. Centroid (dsUnzd] G) jktdqekjh ,fyl] ,d f=Hkqt ABC ftldh Hkqtk,sa 4, 5 vkSj
4. Circumcentre (ifjdsUnz] O) 6 lseh- gS fd ,d Hkqtk AB ij [kM+h gS] ;gk¡ ls og Hkqtk BC
ij rFkk fQj Hkqtk CA ij lh/kh Nykax yxkrs gq, okfil vius
5. Excentre (ckº; dsUnz] J) izkjafHkd fcUnq ij vk tkrh gSA ,fyl }kjk r; dh xbZ U;wure
nwjh Kkr djsaA
Sol.
1. Orthocentre ¼yEcdsUnz] H½ : A
fdlh triangle ds rhuksa altitudes (ÅapkbZ;ksa) dk Alice

intersection point orthocentre dgykrk gSA Stands
fdlh vertex ('kh"kZ fcUnw) ls lkeus okyh Hkqtk ij [khapk x;k F E
perpendicular (yEc) altitude dgykrk gSA
A
B D C
F E Alice smallest distance cover djrs gq, okfil viuh
H original position ij vkrh gS vFkkZr~ og orthic
triangle dh perimeter (ifjeki) ds cjkcj distance
cover djrh gSA
Orthic triangle dh perimeter
B D C acosA + bcosB + c cosC
0
BAC + BHC = 180 a = BC = 4
(Supplementary angles-laiwjd dks.k) b = AC = 5
BAC = side BC ds opposite vertex dk angle
c = AB = 6
BHC = side BC }kjk orthocenter (H) ij cuk;k
x;k angle. b2+c2-a2 3
cosA = = 4
2bc
Proof : a2+c2-b2 9
cosB = = 16
AEHF ,d cyclic quadrilateral ¼ pØh; prqHkqZt ½ gSA 2ac
F = 900, E = 900 a2+b2-c2 1
cosC = =
FAE + EHF = 1800 2ab 8
FAE = BAC 3 9 1 105

Perimeter = 4 4 + 5 16 + 6 8 = 16
cm.
EHF = BHC
(vertically opposite angles - f'k"kkZfHkeq[k dks.k)
BAC + BHC = 1800
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 Orthic triangle 4. Orthic triangle dsoy acute angled triangles esa gh

Triangle ds rhuks altitudes ds feet dks feykus ls cuus possible gS rFkk right angled o obtuse angled
okyk triangle orthic triangle dgykrk gSA ;g (vf/kd dks.k f=Hkqt) ds fy, orthic triangle ugh cuk;k
tk ldrk gSA
triangle orthocentre ds fy, pedal triangle Hkh
gksrk gSA
A  Orthic triangle esa cuus okys cyclic quadrilaterals
(pdzh; prqHkqZt)
 AFHE, BFHD, CEHD
 BCEF, ACDF, ABDE
F E  Orthic triangle DEF dh inradius and
circumradius
H Inradius = 2RcosAcosBcosC
Circumradius = R/2
 Triangle ABC ds vertices ('kh"kZ fcUnw) pedal
B D C
triangle DEF ds excentres gksrs gSaA vFkkZr~ ABC dh
Triangle DEF orthic triangle gSA Hkqtk;sa orthic triangle DEF ds fy, exterior angle
1. Triangle ABC dk orthocentre H, orthic triangle bisectors (cká dks.k lef}Hkktd) gksrh gSA
DEF dk incentre (vUr% dsUnz) gksrk gSA vFkkZr~ original  Vertex A, B rFkk C ls orthic triangle DEF dh Hkqtkvksa
triangle ABC ds altitudes orthic triangle DEF ds ij Mkys x, yEc (perpendiculars) ABC ds
fy, interior angle bisectors gksrs gSa] vFkkZr~ circumcentre (ifjdsUnz) O ij feyrs gSa vFkkZr~ ABC dh
∠BEF = ∠BED, ∠ADE = ∠ADF, ∠CFE = ∠CFD circumradius (ifjo`r dh f=T;k) f=Hkqt DEF dh Hkqtkvksa
ij yEcor~ gksrh gSA
2. Triangle ABC esa inscribed fd, tk ldus okys lHkh
T A
triangles esa lcls de perimeter (ifjeki) orthic
triangle dh gksrh gSA
Orthic triangle dh sides = F E
(i) R Sin2A = a Cos A O Circumcentre

(ii) R Sin2B = b Cos B ¼ifjdsUnz½
(iii) R Sin 2C = c Cos C B D C
vr% orthic triangle dh perimeter =

 Orthocentre and circumcircle ds e/; laca/k &
acosA + bcosB + ccosC. A
abc cosAcosBcosC
Area of orthic triangle DEF = 2R K
R = ABC dh circumradius F E
H
3. Orthic triangle DEF dk circumcircle original
triangle ABC dh Hkqtkvksa ds mid points ls xqtjrk gS
rFkk ;g circumcircle, orthocentre ls vertices dh B C
nwjh ds e/; fcanqvksa ls Hkh xqtjrk gSA ;g bl triangle dk

nine point circle dgykrk gS] tks fd orthic triangle FK, line AB ij orthocentre H dk reflection gSA
DEF ds fy, circumcircle ¼ifjo`r½ gksrk gSA vr% HBKA ,d kite gS rFkk line segment HK dk
midpoint F gSA
Nine point circle dh radius, ABC dh circum
radius dh vk/kh gksrh gSA ∠ABH = ∠ABK
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FE 1 A
Orthic DEF rFkk JKL nksuks similar gS rFkk KJ = 2
A
F E
K J
F
E
H B D C
bl case esa D, E rFkk F altitudes gSaA
B D C
BFC ~ BDA
L (B common gS rFkk ∠F = ∠D = 900, vr% AA property ls)
 AEB ~ AFC ⇨  CDA ~ CEB
 Concurrent Lines BF BC AC AB CD CA
3 ;k 3 ls vf/kd lines tks fdlh ,d point ij intersect vr% BD
= BA
; = ;
AF AC
=
CE BC
djrh gS vFkkZr~ fdlh ,d gh fcanw ij vkdj feyrh gS] bu rhuksa equations dks multiply djus ij]
concurrent lines dgykrh gSA rFkk og fcanw ftl ij ;s BF AE CD BC AB CA
. . = . . =1
BD AF CE BA AC BC
lines vkil esa dkVrh gSa point of concurrency
Left Hand Side dks rearrange djus ij
dgykrk gSA
Line a AF BD CE
Eg.: .
FB DC
. EA
=1
vr% ABC esa rhuksa altitudes ,d single point ij feysaxsa
Line b
m ftls orthocentre (yEcdsUnz) dgrs gSaA
 Incentre ds fy,&
Line c fdlh ABC esa incentre exist djrk gS bldk proof
;gka fcanw m, point of concurrency dgykrk gSA Ceva's theorem dk trigonometric version gS
ftlds vuqlkj AD, BE rFkk CF rHkh concur djsaxh tc&
fdlh triangle ds fy, fofHkUu lines (vyx&vyx
Sin ∠BAD . Sin ∠CBE . Sin ∠ACF =1
concepts ds vuqlkj) fdlh ,d fcanw ij vkil esa dkVrh gSA Sin ∠ABE Sin ∠BCF Sin ∠CAD
bl fcanw dks mu lines ds vuqlkj vyx&vyx centres A
(Eg. orthocentre, incentre, centroid, circumcentre,
θ θ
excentre etc.) ds :Ik esa define fd;k x;k gSA 2 2
F E
Ceva'a theorem fdUgh Hkh rhu lines ds fy,
concurrence crkrh gS vr% ;g orthocentre,
incentre rFkk circumcentre ds fy, Hkh true gS rFkk
Ceva's theorem dh lgk;rk ls ge bu centres dk B D C
existence prove dj ldrs gSaA Incentre ds case esa D, E rFkk F angle bisectors ds
feet gSa vr%
 Proof of existence ∠BAD = ∠CAD, ∠ABE = ∠CBE rFkk ∠ACF = ∠BCF
fdlh Hkh triangle esa orthocentre (yEcdsUnz) exist vr%
Sin ∠BAD
.
Sin ∠ABE
.
Sin ∠ACF
= 1 : 1.1 = 1
Sin ∠CAD Sin ∠CBE Sin ∠BCF
djrk gS bldk lcls simple proof Ceva's theorem gSA
Left Hand Side dks rearrange djus ij]
Ceva's theorem ds vuqlkj]
Sin ∠BAD Sin ∠CBE Sin ∠ACF
Rkhu lines AD, BE rFkk CF rHkh concur gksaxh vFkkZr~ fdlh . . =1
Sin ∠ABE Sin ∠BCF Sin ∠CAD
,d fcanw ij feysaxh tc &
vr% rhuksa angle bisectors ,d point ij feysaxsa ftls
AF BD CE
. . = 1, incentre (vUr%dsUnz) dgrs gSaA
FB DC EA

 Orthocentric System ADB esa

Triangle ABC rFkk bldk orthocentre H feydj ,d AB > AD ......... (i)
orthocentric system cukrs gSa vFkkZr~ fdUgh Hkh rhu  BEC esa
points dks feykus ls cuus okys triangle ds fy, pkSFkk BC > BE .........(ii)
point orthocentre gksrk gSA CFA esa
A AC > CF ..........(iii)
adding (i), (ii), (iii)
we get
F E AB+BC+AC > AD+BE+CF
H
F fdlh triangle ABC esa altitudes dk vuqikr %&

1 1 1
Area of ABC = 2 ABCF = 2 BC  AD = 2 AC  BE
1 1 1
 AB : BC : AC = CF
: AD
: BE
B D C Equilateral triangle ¼leckgq f=Hkqt½ esa rhuksa Hkqtk,sa
leku gksrh gS] vr% altitudes ¼yEc½ Hkh leku gksrs gSaA
F ABC dk orthocentre = H
ABH dk orthocentre = C
 Position of Orthocentre-
BCH dk orthocentre = A
(i) Acute angled triangle (U;wu dks.k f=Hkqt) :-
ACH dk orthocentre = B
blesa orthocentre f=Hkqt ds vUnj fLFkr gksrk gSA
F AH.HD = BH.HE = CH.HF A
Orthocentre, altitudes dks ftu nks lengths esa

divide djrk gS mudk product ges'kk ,d constant
gksrk gSA H
Similarly,
(i) AD.DH = BD.DC
B C
(ii) BE.EH = AE.EC
0
(iii) CF.FH = AF.FB A, B, C rhuksa 90 ls de gSA
AF BD CE
  =1 (ii) Right angled triangle (ledks.k f=Hkqt)
F FB DC EA
F Pair of similar triangles A
DBH ~ EHA
DHC ~ FHA
FHB ~ EHC
F Sum of three altitudes of a triangle is less than
sum of three sides of a triangle.
BH C
fdlh f=Hkqt ds rhuksa altitudes ¼yEcksa½ dk ;ksx rhuksa Hkqtkvksa Orthocentre
ds ;ksx ls de gksrk gSA
fdlh ledks.k f=Hkqt esa] Right angled triangle esa orthocentre ledks.k okys
Hypotenuse ¼d.kZ½ > altitude ¼yEc½ vertex ij fLFkr gksrk gSA

(iii) Obtuse angled triangle (vf/kd dks.k f=Hkqt)
(2) Incentre ¼vUr% dsUnz] I ½
Obtuse angled triangle esa orthocenter vf/kd dks.k
okys 'kh"kZ dh rjQ f=Hkqt ls ckgj fudy tkrk gSA f=Hkqt ds rhuksa angles ds angle bisectors (dks.k
0 lef}Hkktd) dk intersection point (dVku fcUnw)
B > 90 , B obtuse angle gSA
A Incentre dgykrk gSA
A
2
/
/2
E I
r
F C
B
r
D /2
r /2
H /2 /2
B C
ABC + AHC = 1800 Incentre ls rhuksa sides dh nwjh leku gksrh gS bl nwjh dks
A
inradius (r vUr% o`r dh f=T;k) dgrs gSa rFkk blls cuus
E
okyk o`r incircle (vUr%o`r) dgykrk gSA
C
F Incentre ges'kk f=Hkqt ds vUnj gh fLFkr gksrk gSA rFkk
F
B okLro esa ml f=Hkqt ds medial triangle ds vUnj fLFkr
gksrk gSA A
D
K
I
BAC + KHC = 1800
Proof
/2 /2
EBA ~ DBH B C
E = D = 900 fdlh Hkqtk }kjk I ij cuus okyk angle rFkk Hkqtk ds
EBA = DBH (vertically opposite angles) opposite vertex ij cuus okys angle dk laca/k&
 EAB =DHB (similar triangles) 
 = 90 + 2
KHC + DHB = 1800 (Straight line ij cus angles)
EAB = BAC Proof :
KHC + BAC = 1800 BIC esa ⇒  + 2 + 2 = 1800 .......... (i)
A
ABC esa ⇒ + + = 1800 ......... (ii)

+  +  = 900
C 2 2 2
  
B
2
+ 2
= 900 - 2 .......... (iii)
(iii) dh value (i) esa put djus ij
H
 + 900 - 
= 1800   = 180 - (900- )
K 2 2
 = 900 + 
2
ACB + KHA = 1800
Incentre (I) ds co-ordinates:  Incentre ls cus gq, rhuksa triangles ds area dk vuqikr
A (x1,y1)
mudh Hkqtkvksa ds vuqikr ds cjkcj gksrk gS&
Area AIB Area BIC Area AIC
AB = BC = AC
D;ksafd rhuksa f=Hkqtksa esa ÅapkbZ;ka leku gS rFkk ÅapkbZ r ds
equal gh gSA
c b
I
 Lkedks.k f=Hkqt dh var%o`r dh f=T;k
Base + Perpendicular - Hypotenuse
r=
(x,y) 2
A
Perpendicular
B a C
(x2, y2) (x3, y3) r E Hypotenuse
ax1 + bx2 + cx3 ay1 + by2 + cy3 r I
I (x, y) = [ a+b+c
, a+b+c
]
F
 Incentre, Angle bisector line dks fuEu vuqikr esa
r
divide djrk gSA
A B D Base C
θ θ B+P-H
2 2 r= 2
AI b+c
c b IK = a
I Proof : AF = AE (fdlh ckº; fcUnw A ls circle ij [khaps

x;s tangents, Li'kZ js[kk,a)
blh argument ls]
B K C
a BF = BD = r rFkk CD = CE
Area of ABC = r. s AB + BC - CA = (AF + r) + (r + DC) - (CE + EA)
= 2r
Proof : A (D;ksafd AF = EA rFkk DC = CE fdlh ckº; point ls
circle ds fy, tangents gSaA)
r = AB+BC-CA
2
AB = perpendicular ¼yEc½ (P)
r
I
r BC = Base ¼ vk/kkj½ (B)
AC = Hypotenuse ¼ d.kZ½ (H)
r B+P-H
r =
2
B C
Area of ABC Note :

= Ar AIB + Ar BIC + Ar AIC tc angle bisector line lkeus okyh Hkqtk ij
= 12 AB. r+ 12BC. r + 12AC. r perpendicular (yEcor~) gksrh gS rks og triangle
1 isosceles (lef)ckgq ftlesa AB = AC gksa rFkk vertex A
= r [ 2 (AB + BC + AC)]
AB+BC+AC ls Hkqtk BC ij [khapk x;k angle bisector yEcor gksxkA)
=r.s ( 2
= semiperimeter) ;k equilateral (leckgq) gksrk gSA
s = semiperimeter (v)Zifjeki)

 Interior Angle bisector theorem (vUr%dks.k bls ge ,sls Hkh ns[k ldrs gSa fd ;fn ,d line tks BD ds
lef}Hkktd izes;) : parallel gks rFkk point C ls xqtjs rks]
A line C || line BD || line KA
rhu parallel lines ds e/; ds line segments
(transverses fr;Zd js[kk;sa) dk ratio leku gksrk gSA
KA
D
ne
A
Li
BD
2
/
ne
Li
C
/2
ne
D
Li
B C
AB AD
=
BC DC K B C
BD2 = (AB x BC) - (AD x DC)

vr%
Proof KB AD AB AD
A = ysfdu KB = AB gSA vr% =
BC DC BC DC
2
/
 A D
D
2
/
/2 /2 2 θ/2
/
K B C 2
/ θ/2
B C
ABC esa] BD, dks.k B dk bisector (lef}Hkktd) gSA
Vertex A ls BD ds parallel ,d line AK draw djrs = 2
gSa tks extended CB dks K fcanw ij dkVrh gSA
 BD = interior angle bisector
ABD = CBD = 2 (bisected angles)
CD = exterior angle bisector
KAB = ABD = 2 (alternate angles)

AKB = DBC = (corresponding angles)
2
Proof-
Triangle ABK ,d lef}ckgq (isosceles triangle) ABC esa]
f=Hkqt gS rFkk AB = KB (D;ksafd A = K)
α + β + γ = 1800 ................. (i)
KCA ~ BCD
(D;ksafd K = B, C nksuks triangles esa common gS BDC esa]
rFkk KA || BD)  θ
2
+γ+ 2
+ ω ................. (ii)
vr% 
θ α
BK AD θ=α+β, 2 + 2 + 2 .........(iii)
=
BC DC θ
2
dh value (ii) esa j[kus ij
But BK = AB  α  0
vr% 2 + γ + 2 + 2 + ω = 180 ......... (iv)
AB AD α
BC
=
DC 2
+ ω +  + γ = 1800  ∴ω = α2

 Exterior Angle bisector theorem (ckádks.k AE = AF = s - a, BD = BF = s - b, CD = CE = s - c

lef}Hkktd izes;) : A (AE = AF nksuks equal lengths dh gSa D;ksafd fdlh point
ls circle ds fy, tangents gSaA)
K AE + AF + CD = s
/2 AE.BF.CD
/2
r=
AE+BF+CD
B /2 C
/2
AD, BE rFkk CF ,d single point ij intersect djrh
gS ftls Gergonne Point dgrs gSaA
E ;fn fdlh triangle ds altitudes h1, h2 and h3 gSa rks&
D 1 1 1 1
+ + =
h1 h2 h3 r
AB AD
=
BC DC C

Proof
ABC esa] BD, exterior angle (cká dks.k) B dk
bisector (lef}Hkktd) gS rFkk ;g extended AC dks
fcanw D ij dkVrk gSA
DB ds parallel ,d line CK draw djrs gSaA
A F T Z B
KCB = CBD = 2 (alternate angles)
fdlh right angled triangle ABC esa] C = 900, C dk

CKB = DBE = 2 (Corresponding angles) angle bisector, C ls altitude rFkk median ls cus
CBD = EBD = 
(Bisected angles) angle dks bisect (lef}Hkkftr) djrk gSA
2

vr% KCB = CKB = 2 CF = altitude, CT = angle bisector
vr% triangle KBC ,d isosceles triangle (lef}ckgq CZ = median then ∠FCT = ∠ZCT
f=Hkqt) gS rFkk BC = KB.
Basic proportionality Theorem ls] Proof -
AB AD AB AD CT angle bisector gS vr% ∠TCA = ∠TCB
= But KB = BC, vr% =
KB DC BC DC Let's say ∠CAB = a
And ∠CFA = 900
NOTE - /;ku ls ns[ksa bldk result Hkh interior Angle
Bisector Theorem ds leku gh gS ;gka point D, AC ∴∠FCA = 900 - a
Hkqtk ij ckgj vk x;k gSA ABC esa] ∠ABC = 900 - a = ∠ZBC
circle dk diameter circumference ij 900 dk
A
angle cukrk gS vr% ABC ds circumcircle dk Z

centre gS rFkk AB O;kl gS vkSj Z, AB dk midpoint gS
D;ksafd CZ ,d median gSA vr% ZA = ZB = ZC = R
c F E b
r ZBC ,d isosceles (lef}ckgq) triangle gS vr%
∠ZBC = ∠ZCB = 900 - a
∴∠FCA = 900 - a = ∠ZCB
B D
a
C ∴∠FCT = ∠ZCT

 Incircle : f=Hkqt ds area dk inradius ls relation-  fdlh triangle ds fy, inradius (r) rFkk
abc
A circumradius (R) dk relation  R.r = 2(a+b+c)
 fdlh f=Hkqt dh sides - a, b, c rFkk r o R esa relations
ab + bc + ca = s2 + (4R + r) r
F E
I a2 + b2 + c2 = 2s2 -2 (4R + r) r
 ,slh line tks triangle ds area rFkk perimeter dks
2
B/ r
B/2 vk/kk&vk/kk divide djrh gS og ges'kk triangle ds
B D C incentre ls xqtjrh gSA
0
 BID esa] ∠D = 90 , side ID = r A
B BD
Cot ( 2) = ID ,
B BD
Cot ( 2) = r
B I
 BD = r . Cot ( 2 ) incentre
1
vr% Area of BID = 2 base  height
1 B
= 2 . r. r . Cot ( 2 ) B C
BIF congruent gS BID dsA IA .IB IA .IC IB .IC
vr% nksuks dk area same gSA vr% quadrilateral + + =1
CA .CB BA .BC AB .AC
(prqHkqZt) BDIF dk area = r2 Cot ( B2 )
similarly, IA . IB. IC = 4Rr2
A
Quadrilateral AFIE dk area = r2 . Cot ( 2 )
A
QuadrilateralCDIE dk area = r2. Cot ( C ) 
2 x x
vr% triangle ABC dk area =
 = r2 ( Cot A + Cot B + Cot C )
2 2 2

 Incircle ds area dk triangle ds area ls ratio 3 3 ls
de ;k equal gksrk gSA z y
area of incircle 
area of triangle  3 3

Equilateral triangle (leckgq f=Hkqt) esa ;g ratio ds B z y C
3 3
equal gksrk gSA AB+AC-BC CA+CB-AB
x= y=
2 2
 Incircle dk tangency point rhuksa sides dks (x, y), BA+BC-AC
(y, z) and (z, x) lengths esa divide djrk gS rks& z= 2
A ;fn ∠B = 900 rks z=r
x x A
xyz
r= x+y+z
Hypotenuse
r = B+P-H
Perpendicular
z 2
r y
r
z
B z y C B z Base C
Area of triangle ABC = x.y.z (x+y+z)
 A
3. Centroid (dsUnzd] G)
Centroid fdlh triangle dh rhuksa medians
2 2 (ekf/;dkvksa) dk intersection point gksrk gSA bls
I
centre of mass Hkh dgrs gSaA
2
/ /
2 C B
/2 /2
B C
G
M
ABC ,d triangle gS ftlesa I incentre (vUr%dsUnz) gSA
AI dks vkxs extend djrs gSa fd ;g ABC ds A
circumcircle dks point M ij feyrk gSA A
M minor arc BC dk mid point gS rFkk BIC dk
circumcentre gSA
vr% MB = MI = MC = Radius of circumcircle of BIC
;g relation fact 5 ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
B D C
Proof
;fn M BIC dk circumcentre gS rks MB = MI Ekkf/;dk (median) lkeus okyh side ij
perpendicular rHkh gksrh gS tc ABC ,d equilateral
vFkkZr~ ∠MBI = ∠MIB
triangle (leckgq f=Hkqt) gks ;k ABC ,d isosceles
∠MBI = ∠IBC + ∠MBC triangle gksa rFkk AB rFkk AC Hkqtk;sa leku gksaA bl case esa
(∠MBC=∠MAC ∴chord MC }kjk circle dh median, ∠A ds fy, angle bisector ¼dks.k lef}Hkktd½
circumference ij cus angles Hockey Theorem) Hkh gksrh gSA
α Properties :
∠MBC = ∠MAC = 2
 α  (1) izR;sd median triangle ds area dks 2 equal parts esa
∠IBC = 2 ∴∠MBI = +
2 2
divide djrh gSA
∠BIA + ∠BIM = 1800 (straight line) A
∠ABI esa]
Exterior angle MIB = ∠IAB+∠IBA (sum of h
remote interior angles)
α 
∠MIB = + ,
2 2
vr% ∠MBI = ∠MIB
vr% MB = MI B M C
blh argument ls] MI = MC
vr% MB = MI = MC = Radius of circumcircle of BIC. ABM rFkk AMC dk base equal gS rFkk nksuks
 BCI ds circumcircle ij E bl izdkj fLFkr gS fd BC = EC triangles dh height Hkh leku gS vr% area Hkh leku
gksxkA
then ∠BCE = ∠BAC
ABM rFkk AMC nksuks leku parallel lines ds e/;
EC, CO ij perpendicular Hkh gS tgka O, ABC dk fLFkr gSA vr% nksuks dh height leku gSA
circumcentre gSA
(2) rhuksa medians fdlh triangle dks 6 leku area okys
triangles esa divide djrh gSA
A (4) A
P N
G P N
B M C
B M C
 Area AGB = Area BGC = Area AGC
AM+BN+CP 3
1
= 3 Area ABC = AB+BC+CA (Perimeter) < 2
Area AGP = Area PGB = Area BGM AM2+BN2+CP2 3
= AB2+BC2+CA2
= 4 ¼bl relation dks Apollonius
= Area GMC = Area GCN = Area AGN theorem ls prove fd;k tk ldrk gSA
1
= 6 Area ABC
Medians ls cuk;s x;s triangle dk area original
(3) Centroid izR;sd ekf/;dk dks 2 : 1 esa divide djrk gS 3
triangle ds area dk 4 gksrk gSA
ftlesa vertex okyk Hkkx 2 rFkk side okyk Hkkx 1 gksrk gSA
A (5) Centroid ges'kk f=Hkqt ds vUnj fLFkr gksrk gSA
(6) Centroid, actual esa rhuksa vertices dk average
dgykrk gSA
A (x1, y1)
AG 2
=
GM 1
G
G
B M C (x, y)
Proof : A B C
(x2, y2) (x3, y3)
x +x +x y +y +y
G (x, y) = [ 1 2 3 , 1 2 3]
3 3
P N (7) Apollonius Theorem :

A
c b
B C m
PNG ~ CBG
GN GP
GB
= GC
PN
B M a/2 C
BC
= 1 (mid point theorem ls) a
2
vr% b2 + c2 = 2 [m2 + ( a )2]
BG CG 2
= =2 1
GN GP 1 ekf/;dk AM = m = 2 2b2 + 2c2 - a2

(8) ;fn rhuksa medians nh xbZ gksa rks sides dh length find Proof :
dh tk ldrh gS&
AM2 = AB2 + BM2 ………….(1)
A
CP2 = PB2 + BC2 ……………(2)
PM2 = PB2 + BM2 ………….(3)
P N AC2 = AB2 + BC2 …………..(4)
(1) + (2)
AM2 + CP2 = AB2 + BM2 + PB2 + BC2
B M C AM2 + CP2 = AB2 + BC2 + BM2 + PB2
BC = a, AC = b, AB = c AM2 + CP2 = AC2 + PM2 ............. (i)
Medians, AM = m1 BN = m2 CP = m3 Mid point theorem ls]
Apollonious Theorem ls] AC AC2
PM = 2
, PM2 = 4
2 2 2 2
a = 3 . 2m2 + 2m3 - m1 AC2
AM2 + CP2 = AC2 + 4
b = 2 . 2m12 + 2m32 - m22 4 (AM2 + CP2 )= 5AC2 ............. (ii)
3
c= 2. 2m12 + 2m22 - m32 AC = 2PM, AC2 = 4PM2

3
4 (AM2 + CP2) = 5 (4PM)2

(9) Medians ds fy, Heron's formula :
Rkhu medians = m1, m2,m3 AM2 + CP2 = 5PM2 ............. (iii)
Area of ABC Right angled triangle ds fy, circumcentre

(ifjdsUnz) ds according:
= 4 ms.(ms-m1).(ms-m2).(ms-m3). A
3
ms = m1+m2+m3 R
2
N
R = circumradius
(10.) A R
R
b
c P B C
AC AC
BN = 2 , PM = 2
vr% BN = PM
B M C AM2 + CP2 = 5BN2 .......... (iv)
a
3
(11) rhuksa medians dk sum triangle dh perimeter ds ls
(i) AM2 + CP2 = AC2 + PM2 T;knk gksrk gSA
4
(ii) 4 (AM2 + CP2 )= 5AC2 3

m1 + m2 + m3 > 4 (a + b + c)
(iii) AM2 + CP2 = 5PM2
(iv) AM2 + CP2 = 5BN2

(12) fdlh triangle dh fdUgh nks Hkqtkvksa dk ;ksx rhljh side dh (14) ;fn nks medians perpendicular gksa rks]
median ds nqxqus ls T;knk gksrk gSA A
A
b
c
P N
P N
B C
a
B M C b2 + c2 = 5a2
AB + AC > 2AM, AB + BC > 2BN, BC + AC > 2CP ;fn nks medians perpendicular (yEcor~) gksa rks rhuksa
Rkhuksa dks add djus ij] medians pythagorean triplets cukrh gSA
2(AB + BC + AC) > 2 (AM + BN + CP)
(AB + BC + AC) > (AM + BN + CP) Q. ABC is an equilateral triangle. A line DE passes
through its centroid, segmenting it into two
(13) median ds e/; fcanw dks vertex ls feykus okyh js[kk regions. Find the minimum possible ratio of
opposite side dks 1 : 2 esa divide djrh gSA the area of the smaller region to the area of
A
larger region.
D ABC ,d leckgq f=Hkqt gSA ,d js[kk DE blds dsUnzd ls
xqtjrh gS rFkk mls nks Hkkxksa esa ckaVrh gSA rks NksVs Hkkx ds
K {ks=Qy dk cM+s Hkkx ds {ks=Qy ls lcls de laHkkfor vuqikr
Kkr djks\ A
B M C
AD 1
AK = KM DC = 2
Proof : A E
G
D
D
B C
K E
;fn line DE vertex B ls xqtjrh gS rks ABC ds area dks
2 equal parts esa divide djrh gS vr% nksuks parts ds
B M C area dk ratio maximum gksxk rFkk ;g 1 ds equal
ME || BD, BDC esa] M, side BC dk mid point gS rks gksxkA
E, side DC dk mid point gksxkA (Mid point theorem) ;fn line DE side BC ds parallel gksxh rks smaller rFkk
vr% DE = EC larger region ds area dk ratio minimum gksxkA
AME esa] DK || EM ADE ~ ABC
2
K Hkqtk AM dk mid point gS rks D Hkh Hkqtk AE dk mid nksuks triangles dh medians dk ratio = 3
point gksxkA (Mid point theorem) vr% area dk ratio = 4
9
AD 1 Smaller region dk area 4
DE = AD, vr% DE = EC = AD vFkkZr~ =  Larger region dk area = = 0.8
DC 2 5
tks fd minimum ratio gksxkA
16. Proof of existence (iv) side lengths ls medians dh yEckbZ find dh tk ldrh
gS&
Ceva's Theorem - bl theorem ds according,
AD, BE rFkk CF rHkh concur (intersect) djsaxh tc AD = 2b2+2c2-a2
4
AE CD BF
EC
. DB
. FA
=1 BE = 2a2+2c2-b2
4
A
CF = 2a2+2b2-c2
4
Centroid, median dks 2 : 1 esa divide djrk gS vr%

F E
2b2+2c2-a2
AG = 3
BG = 2a2+2c2-b2
3
B D C 2a2+2b2-c2
CG =
3
;gka D, E rFkk F respective sides ds mid points gSa
18. Centroid (G) dh circumcentre (O) ls nwjh
vr% AE = EC, CD = DB rFkk BF = FA.
1
AE CD BF OG2 = R2 - 9 (a2 + b2 + c2)
vr% EC
. DB
. FA
=1
tks ;g prove djrk gS fd fdlh triangle esa centroid Proof :
exist djrk gSA
PA2 + PB2 + PC2 = GA2 + GB2 + GC2 + 3PG2
Substitute P = O
17. Centroid :
OA2 + OB2 + OC2 = GA2 + GB2 + GC2 + 3OG2
A
9R2 = 3 (GA2 + GB2 + GC2) + 9OG2
(∵OA = OB = OC = R)
L 9R2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 9OG2
(∵ AB2 + BC2 + CA2 = 3 (GA2 + GB2 + GC2))
G
K 1
OG2 = R2 - 9 (a2 + b2 + c2)
B C
19. ABC esa G centroid rFkk O circumcentre gSA rFkk X,
Y, Z, BCG, ACG rFkk ABG ds circumcentres gksa
(i) fdlh point P ds fy,] rks XYZ dk centroid O rFkk G bl triangle dk
PA2 + PB2 + PC2 = GA2 + GB2 + GC2 + 3PG2 symmedian point gksxkA
(ii) AB2 + BC2 + CA2 = 3 (GA2 + GB2 + GC2) XYZ rFkk original ABC ds medians original
(iii) ;fn dksbZ line centroid ls xqtjs rFkk AB ds k fcUnw ij ABC dh Hkqtkvksa ds midpoints ij intersect djrs gSaA
rFkk AC ds L fcUnw ij intersect djs rks
BK CL 20. Larger polygons esa centroid, vertices dk centre
KA + LA =1 of mass rks gksrk gS but t:jh ugh gS fd ;g medians dk
intersection point gh gksA

Q. A line passes through the centroid G of ABC. ∵ABC esa CD median gS rFkk G centroid gS
If AL = 2, BM = 6 then CN = ? centroid ekf/;dk dks 2 : 1 esa divide djrk gS vr% DG =1
CG 2
,d js[kk ABC ds dsUnzd G ls xqtjrh gSA ;fn AL = 2, rFkk DE = 4 gS vr% CN = 8.
BM = 6 gS rks CN = ? B
;fn ABC dks co-ordinate

A
6cm plane ij bl izdkj j[kk tk;s
2cm
NG fd line LM dh equation y=o.
L M Neon
Centroid G line l ij fLFkr gS
Approach vr% bldk y-coordinate 0
gksxkA
C "007" fdlh Hkh centroid dk y
Sol. B
cordinate mlds rhuks a
D
vertices ds y cordinates dk
A 6cm
K average gksrk gSA
F
2cm
N G line l
A dk y coordinate = 2
L E M B dk y coordinate = 6.
2+6+y
 =0  y = -8
3
C vr% C ls centroid G dh nwjh

AF || line l, D is the midpoint of AB. = 8.
B
In ABF Friends, vc vki le> x;s gksxsa fd eS Geometry
4 dh bl booklet esa coordinate ds concepts D;ksa
D explain dj jgk gwaA
Co-ordinate ds concepts ls ge geometry ds
questions dks cgqr gh fast speed ls solve dj
A K F ldrs gSa rFkk /khjs&/khjs SSC esa co-ordinate dk
waitage Hkh c<+rk gh tk jgk gSA
ADK ~ ABF
Geometry ds questions dks tYnh solve djus ds
DK AD 1
BF
= AB
=2 fy, fuEu 7 concepts ij vkidh idM+ cgqr
DK = 2. strong gksuh pkfg,&
B
rFkk DE = DK + 2 = 4. D (i) Co-ordinate Geometry
A (ii) Cyclic Quadrilaterals
(iii) Similar and Congruent Triangles
N G line l (iv) Isosceles Triangles
E M (v) Neon Triangle
(vi) Equal Angles and Lengths
(vii) Ice Cream Cones
C
DE DG 1 tYn gh next booklet esa eSa bu concepts ij
DEG ~ CNG ⇨ =
CN CG
=2 discuss d:axkA

 Medial triangle - fdlh triangle ds mid F A
points dks feykus ls cuus okyk triangle medial

triangle dgykrk gSA
A K
P N
P N
G
B M C
M, N rFkk P are mid points.
AK 3
=
B C KG 1
M
MNP, medial triangle dgykrk gSA
• Area PGM = Area MGN = Area NGP Proof :

= 1 Area ABC Medial MNP esa G centroid gSA
12
1 K
PN = 2 BC (midpoint theorem) P N
x
GPN ~ GCB
2
1 2
G
Area GPN (PN) BC) 1
(2
Area GCB
=(BC)2
= BC2 = 4
Area GPN = 14 Area GCB 2x
Area GCB = 13 Area ABC

1 M
Area GPN = 14 [ 1 Area ABC] = 12 Area ABC
3
• ABC rFkk medial triangle MNP nksuks dk centroid ABC es G centroid gSA
,d gh point G gSA
A
A
F 2y
P N
G
y
B M C
B M C
y = 2x; 2y = 4x
Area APN = area BPM = area MNC = area AG = 4x
MNP = 14 area ABC AK + KG = 4x
 Quadrilaterals APMN, PMCN rFkk PBMN But KG = x
parallelogram (lekUrj prqHkqZt) gSA
AK = 3x
 Triangle ABC ds altitudes ds feet medial vr% AK
triangle MNP ds circumcircle ij fLFkr gksrs gSaA = 3
KG 1

(ii) Right angled triangle (ledks.k f=Hkqt)
4. Circumcentre (ifjdsUnz] O)
Triangle dh rhuksa sides ds perpendicular bisectors A
dk intersection point circumcentre dgykrk gSA R
A
O
O
B C
B C
Circumcentre ls f=Hkqt ds rhuksa vertices dh nwfj;ka leku ledks.k f=Hkqt esa circumcentre hypotenuse (d.kZ) ds
gksrh gS rFkk ;g length circumradius (R) dgykrh gSA mid point ij fLFkr gksrk gSA
A
(iii) Obtuse angled triangle (vf/kd dks.k f=Hkqt)
A
R
O
B C
fdlh Hkqtk }kjk circumcentre ij cuk;k x;k angle bl

Hkqtk }kjk opposite vertex ij cuk;s x;s angle dk
B C
double gksrk gSA
vf/kd dks.k f=Hkqt esa circumcentre f=Hkqt dh lcls cM+h
A
Hkqtk dh rjQ ckgj fudy tkrk gSA

c b
F Alternate segment theorem-
O
abc fdlh circle dh tangent (Li'kZjs[kk) rFkk circle ds vUnj
Area of ABC = 4R
2 triangle dh fdlh ,d side ls cuk angle ml triangle
dh 'ks"k nks sides ls cus angle ds equal gksrk gSA
B a C
Position of circumcentre-
(i) Acute angled triangle (U;wu dks.k f=Hkqt)
A
B C
U;wu dks.k f=Hkqt esa circumcentre f=Hkqt ds vanj fLFkr gksrk gSA

F The Cosine formula : a

= b c
= SinC = 2R
SinA SinB
In a ABC, where a, b and c are the lengths of
the opposite sides of BAC, ABC, ACB. Q. 1. In ABC, let D be the midpoint of BC. If ADB
2
b +c -a 2 2
= 450 and ACD = 300, what is BAD in
cosA = 2bc
degrees?
a2+c2-b2
cosB = 2ac A
a2+b2-c2
cosC = 2ab 
bls fuEu forms esa Hkh rearrange fd;k tk ldrk gS&
a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cosA
b2 = c2 + a2 - 2ca cosB
c2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab cosC
450 300
B D C
Q. In a ABC, b = 10, c = 5 and A = 1200. What is
the length of a = ?
Sol. Let BC = a, AC = b, AB = c
Sol. Cosine formula ls]
DAC = 150 (exterior D dh value remote
a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cosA interior angles ds sum ds cjkcj gksrh gSA)
2 2 0 vFkkZr~ 450 = 300 + DAC
= 10 + 5 - 2  10  5 cos120
1 ∴DAC = 150
= 125 - 100 (- 2)
∴BAC =  + 150
= 175 ∴ a = 175 = 13.2 Using Sine Rule,
0
Sin Sin45
a/2
= c
Q. In a ABC, a = 5, b = 7 and c = 10. Find the a
⇨ Sin = 2. 2.c
value of A = ? 0
0
Sin30
b2+c2-a2 ⇨ Sin (+15 ) = c
Sol. CosA = 2bc a
2 2
-52 ⇨ Sin (+15 ) = a
0
= 72+10 2c 1 1
0
710 Sin (+150)  2 2 Sin45
⇨ Sin = 2 = 2 1 = 1 = 0
= 124
140 0 2 2
Sin30
⇨  = 30
124
A = Cos-1 ( 140 ) = 27.70
Method II
The Sine formula :
A A
c b
F
B C 450 300
a
B D C

B ls side AC ij ,d perpendicular BF draw djrs gSaA vr% angle B dh 2 values possible gSa& 48.60 and
BFC esa] 131.40
BC vr% bl information ls 2 triangles cuk;s tk ldrs gSaA
BF = BCsin300 = 2
= BD = DC
BFD esa] (i) C = 300, B = 48.60, A = 1800 - 78.60 = 101.40
BF = BD rFkk FBD = 600 vr% BFD ,d (ii) C = 300, B = 131.40,A = 1800 - 161.40 = 18.60
equilateral (leckgq) triangle gSA B1
vr% FDB = 600 FDA = 600 - 450 = 150

FAD esa]
FAD = FDA = 150 B
vr% FAD ,d isosceles triangle (lef)ckgq) gSA 8

ftlesa AF = FD
;k FD = BF (equilateral triangle BFD) 300
C 12 A
FD = AF = BF
vr% AFB ,d isosceles triangle gS rFkk Case 1.
AFB = 900 a
=
b
SinA SinB
FAB = FBA = 450 0
vr% BAD = FAB - FAD = 450 - 150 = 300 a = 12.Sin101.4 = 15.7

Sin48.60
;g triangle ACB1 gSA
0
Q.2. In a ABC, AB = 8, AC = 12 and ACB = 30 .
Case 2.
Find the side BC. a b
Sol. C SinA = SinB
12.Sin18.60
a = Sin131.40 = 5.1
0
30
12
;g triangle ACB gSA

a
b=
vr% side BC dh nks values possible gS&

5.1 rFkk 15.7
A c=8 B Application of properties of circumcentre

Tkc fdlh triangle dh nks sides rFkk ,d non- circumcentre cgqr important point gS D;ksafd ;g
included angle fn;k x;k gks rks Sine rule ls vU; angles rFkk lengths dks interrelate djrk gSA cgqr ls
angles find fd;s tk ldrs gSa rFkk bl condition esa nks questions tgka circumcentre directly involve
distinct triangles possible gSaA ugh gksrk ogka Hkh bldh application ls questions dh
Sine formula : cgqr fast solve fd;k tk ldrk gSA
SinA SinB SinC ABC dk circumcentre O gksxk
a
= b = c
SinB Sin300 If and only if :
 12 = 8
12Sin300 3 0 1 (1) AO = BO = CO
∴ SinB = = 4 = .75 (Sin30 = 2 )
8 (2) BO = CO and ∠BOC = ∠2A, (tgka ∠A = acute (U;wu
B = sin-1(0.75) = 48.6 dks.k) rFkk A o O, BC dh same side esa gh gksA)
But sinθ = sin (180 - ) (3) BO = CO and ∠BOC = 2 (180-∠A), (tgka ∠A= obtuse
Sin48.60 = sin(180- 48.6) = sin131.40 (vf/kd dks.k) rFkk A o O, BC dh opposite side esa gksA)

AC2+AB2-BC2
Q.1. Quadrilateral ABCD satisfies ∠A = 760, ∠B = cosA = 2AC.AB
720, ∠C = 1420 and AD = AB = 10cm. Find BC AC
∠ACB-∠ACD. = = AB = 2R
SinA SinB SinC
BC
Sol. C sinA = 2R
AC2+AB2-BC2 AC AB
1420 AB2+BC2+AC2 = 2AC.AB . 2R . 2R
0
D 700 72 B BC AB2+BC2-AC2 AB BC AC BC2+AC2-AB2
+ . . + . .
2R 2AC.AB 2R 2R 2R 2AB.BC
760
A AB2+BC2+AC2 = AB2+BC2-AC2
8R2
1
∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D = 3600 1= 8R2
1
∠D = 3600 - (760 + 720 + 1420) R= 8
∠D = 700 a+b = 1+8 = 9.
1
AB = AD rFkk ∠C = 2 ∠A dk ckgjh dks.k
vr% A circumcentre gSA vFkkZr~ AB = AD = AC Method - II
C
bl question esa fuEu identity
0
sin (A + B) = sinAcosB + cosAsinB
142
D
Hkh apply dj ldrs gSa blds fy, equation dks 2 ls
700 72
0
B
multiply djus ij]
0
76
A 2840
2(AB2 + BC2 + AC2)
= 2 CosA.sinB.sinC
+ 2 sinA.cosB.sinC
+2 sinA.sinB.cosC
= sinA (sinB cosC + sinC cosB)
Triangle ABC esa] AB = AC vr% buds opposite +sinB (sinAcosC + sinC cosA)
angles Hkh equal gksaxsa ∠ABC = ∠ACB = 720 + sinC (sinA cosB + sinB cosA)
blh izdkj triangle ACD esa] AC = AD vr% buds = sinA. sin (B + C) + sinB. Sin (A + C) + sinC. Sin
opposite angles Hkh equal gksaxsaA ∠ADC = ∠ACD = (A + B)
700 = sin2A+ sin2B + sin2C
vr% ∠ACB -∠ACD = 720 - 700 = 20 (∴A+B+C = 1800 rFkk sin (x) = sin(180-x)
Sine Rule ls]
Q.2. A B 2 + B C 2 + AC 2 = C o s A . s i n B . s i n C + AB2 AC2 BC2
Sin2C
+ Sin B + Sin C = 4R2
2 2
sinA.cosB.sinC + sinA.sinB.cosC
2
AB +BC +AC 2 2 1
If the area of the circumcircle of ABC can be = 4R = 2 2
Sin2C+Sin2B+Sin2C
represented as a , what is the value of a+b? 1
b
a ∴ R2 = 8
;fn ABC ds ifjo`r ds {ks=Qy dks b ls n'kkZ;k tkrk gS rks
a+b dk eku D;k gksxk\ Area of circumcircle = R 2 = 8
Sol. cosA, cosB rFkk cosC dks law of cosines ls rFkk  a
8
= b
∴ a = 1, b = 8
sinA, sinB rFkk sinC dks extended law of sines ls
solve djds value put djus ij] ∴ a+b = (1+8) = 9.

(a) 3 (b) 1
;g ,d general statement (c) 2 (d) 4
g S Sol. According to question. (SSC Pre - 2013)
tks fdlh Hkh triangle ds fy,
Neon A
true gS vr% ABC dks
z/2
Approach specific triangle assume
djds answer fd;k tk ldrk I
"007" gSA 0
y
O
2
Ekkuk ABC ,d isosceles x/
z0
right angle triangle gSA
B C
A 1 1
x2 + x2 + ( 2x )2 = 2 + 0 + 2
D
450
x= 1 Given ABC = x°, BID = y°, BOD = z°
2
2x
rFkk r = 1  I is the incentre
x 2 2

area = 8 ABI = 1 ABC
2
450  a+ b = 9 1 x0 1
ABI = 2 x° = 2
 BAD = 2 BOD
B x C
 Angle subtended on the circumcircle is half
ABC dks equilateral triangle (leckgq) ekudj Hkh the angle subtended on the centre of circle.
solve fd;k tk ldrk gSA 1
BAD = BOD
Ekkuk ABC dh izR;sd Hkqtk = a 2
0
3a2 = 3cos60 (sin60)2 BAD = z

2
3 a x0 z0
a= R= = 1  y° = 2 + 2 (Exterior angle)
8 3 8
1 0 0
Area = R2 =  8  a+ b = 9  y° = x 2+z  2y° = x° + z°

Now,
NOTE : ges'kk /;ku j[ksa ;fn triangle esa dksbZ general 0
z +x
0
2y0
relation fn;k x;k gks rks ml question dks ges'kk = =2
y y0
equilateral triangle ;k isosceles right triangle
ekudj solve djuk pkfg,A D;ksafd ;fn statement
general triangle ds fy, true gS rks og specific
triangle ds fy, Hkh true gksxkA ;g question SSC Pre-
2013 esa vk;k gqvk gSA
Neon ;fn ABC dks equilateral
Q.3. I and O are respectively the incentre and triangle ¼leckgq½ eku ysa rks I o
circucentre of a triangle ABC. The line AI Approach
O ,d gh fcUnq ij fLFkr gksaxsA
produced intersects the circumcircle of ABC
at the point D. If ABC = x°, BID = y° and
"007" ABC = x0 = 600
BOD = z°, then x+z y
=? BID = Y0 = 600
ABC esa I rFkk O Øe'k% vUr% dsUnz o ifjdsUnz gSa] js[kk AI dks
BOD = Z0 = 600
vkxs c<kus ij ifjo`r dks D ij dkVrh gSA ;fn ABC = x°,
x+z z+x 600+600
BID = y° rFkk BOD = z° gS rks y \ vr% y = 600
=2

Relative Position of different (i) Acute angled triangle (U;wu dks.k f=Hkqt)
centres : C
 Euler Line :
Orthocentre (yEcdsUnz] H), centroid (dsUnzd] G) rFkk
circumcentre (ifjdsUnz] O) ges'kk ,d line segment I G
O
ij fLFkr gksrs gSa] bls Euler line dgrs gSaA
Orthocenter rFkk circumcentre dh nwjh dks H
A B
centroid 2 : 1 esa divide djrk gSA
A
(ii) Right angled triangle (ledks.k f=Hkqt)
C
(H
yp
ot
I en
H us
ed
G sm
O id
O I G po
in
t ij
)
B C
O G H A B
H H (Right angle vertex ij)
x 2x
F Isosceles triangle (lef}ckgq) esa ;s pkjksa centres (iii) Obtuse angled triangle (vf/kd dks.k f=Hkqt)
Euler line ij gh fLFkr gksrs gSaA C
A
O(
lar
g es
H ts
ide
G ds
I
ck g
jd
I hr
jQ
G )
A θ > 900 B
O
B C
H (Largest angle ds ihNs dh rjQ)
F Equilateral triangle (leckgq) esa ;s pkjksa centres ,d
gh point ij gh fLFkr gksrs gSaA F Isosceles triangle (lef)ckgq)
A
(i) Acute angle Isosceles
C
HI
O G
O
G
B C I
F Euler line ij OH dk midpoint Nine point circle H
B
dk centre gksrk gSA A

(ii) Right angled Isosceles A
Centroid
C
(H
yp
ot
en
us
ed P N
sm G
O di
po
G in
t ij
I )
450
450 B M C
A B
H H (Right angle vertex ij)
ABC dk dsUnzd = G
MNP dk dsUnzd = G
(iii) Obtuse angled Isosceles F Medial triangle MNP dk orthocenter (H),
C original triangle ABC dk circumcentre O gksrk gSA
O( A
lar
ge
st
sid
G e ds
ckg
I jd
hr H
jQ
) P N
θ > 900 Circumcentre (ABC)
A B G
Orthocentre (MNP)
O
H (Largest angle ds ihNs dh rjQ)

B M C
F Medial Triangle :
F Medial triangle MNP rFkk Original triangle ABC
A ds fy, incentre rFkk circumcentre vyx&vyx
fcUnqvksa ij fLFkr gksrs gSA
H A
P N
G
O P N
I O
B M C
o
I
Original triangle rFkk medial triangle dk
centroid (G) ,d gh point gksrk gSA vr% fdlh Hkh B M C
triangle ds fy, centroid ges'kk ml triangle ds
medial triangle ds vanj gh fLFkr gksrk gSA

 Euler's theorem :  Orthocentre (H) o circumcentre (O)

Circumcentre (O) rFkk incentre (I) ds e/; dh nwjh ds e/; nwjh &
dks Euler's theorem )kjk Kkr fd;k tkrk gS& A
(i) d2 = R (R - 2r)
tgka d = circumcentre o incentre ds e/; dh nwjh
H
R
R = circumradius
r = inradius
O
1 1 1
(ii) R+d
+ R-d = r
R
R
2 2 2
(iii) (R - r) = d + r
B C
Excircles ds fy, Hkh similar equation gS&
(iv) (R + rex)2 = d2 + rex2
OH2 = 9R2 - (a2 + b2 + c2)
rex = excircles esa ls fdlh ,d excircle dh radius OH = circumcentre o orthocentre ds e/; nwjh
d = ml excircle ds centre ls circumcentre dh nwjh
Euler inequality- Q. Let a triangle ABC with sides a, b, c. It is given
that a2 + b2 + c2 = 29 and the circumradius is 9.
fdlh Hkh triangle ds fy,] Find the distance between circumcentre and
R  2r orthocenter?
Circumradius, ml triangle dh inradius ds nqxqus ls f=Hkqt ABC dh Hkqtk,sa a, b rFkk c gS] ;fn a2 + b2 + c2 = 29
cM+h ;k nqxqus ds cjkcj gksrh gSA rFkk ifjo`r dh f=T;k 9 gS rks ifjdsUnz rFkk yEc dsUnz ds chp
dh nwjh Kkr djks\
Equilateral triangle (leckgq) esa] R = 2r
Sol. OH2 = 9R2 - (a2 + b2 + c2)
 Euler Line (centroid rFkk circumcentre ds OH = circumcentre o orthocentre ds e/; nwjh
e/; distance)
OH2 = 9 (9)2 - (29)
2 2 1 2 2 2
(GO) = R - 9 (a + b + c ) OH2 = 729 - 29
(GO) = centroid o circumcentre ds e/; nwjh OH = 700
R = circumradius
a, b, c = sides of a triangle Q. Let a triangle ABC with sides a, b, c. It is given
that a2 + b2 + c2 = 29 and the circumradius is 9.
A Find the distance between circumcentre and
centroid?
f=Hkqt ABC dh Hkqtk,sa a, b rFkk c gS] ;fn a2 + b2 + c2 = 29
rFkk ifjo`r dh f=T;k 9 gS rks ifjdsUnz rFkk dsUnzd ds chp dh
G R nwjh Kkr djks\
Sol. (GO)2 = R2 - 19(a2 + b2 + c2)
O GO = centroid o circumcentre ds e/; nwjh
R
R (GO)2 = (9)2 - 19 (29)
B C (GO)2 = 81 - 29
9
= 729-29
9
700
GO = 3

(5) Excentre fdlh dks.k dk internal bisector mlds external

fdlh triangle ds nks external angle bisectors rFkk bisector ds perpendicular gksrk gS vr% rhuksa
,d internal angle bisector dk dVku fcanw Excentre excentres ls cuk triangle (JA JB JC) rFkk incentre
dgykrk gSA ftl vertex ('kh"kZ fcanw) ls internal angle (I) ,d orthocentric system cukrs gSaA
bisector line (vUr% dks.k lef)Hkktd js[kk) vkrh gS mlh A
ds respect esa excentre dks define fd;k tk ldrk gSA α
Excentre ls cuus okyk circle f=Hkqt dh ,d Hkqtk rFkk 'ks"k I
nks Hkqtkvksa ds extensions dk tangent (Li'kZjs[kk) gksrk ω

gSA A B /2 /2 C
λ/2
δ/2
λ/2
/2
/2
δ/2
θ
JA
B C K
/2 /2
/2 /2 Vertex B ds fy,]
 λ
 + λ = 1800  2 + 2 = 900
vr% internal bisector rFkk external bisector ,d
JA nwljs ds perpendicular (yEcor~) gSaA
prqHkqZt IBKC esa ∠B o ∠C dk ;ksx 1800 gS vr% ;g ,d
cyclic quadrilateral (pØh; prqHkqZt) gSA
vr% ω +  = 1800
α
ω = 90 + 2
α
90 + 2 +  = 1800
α
bl excentre ds fy, vertex A ls internal angle  = 90 - 2
bisector line gS vr% ;g excentre of A (JA) dgykrk
gSA Excircles dh f=T;k;sa exradii dgykrh gSA
JC A JB A
b
c
I
B C
B C
E D
JA ra ra
J
rhuksa excentres dks feykus ls cuus okyk f=Hkqt JA JB JC ,d

excentral triangle dgykrk gSA

Excircle tks side BC ds tangent gS] extended side mijksDr formulas ls Li"V gS fd excircles ges'kk
AC dks point D ij Li'kZ djrk gSA vr% JD side AC ij incircle ls cM+s gksrs gSaA largest excircle, lcls cM+h Hkqtk
perpendicular (yEcor~) gS vr% ACJ dh height = ra ds tangent gksrk gS rFkk smallest excircle lcls NksVh
1 Hkqtk ds tangent gksrk gSA
Area of ACJ = 2 . b . ra
bu lHkh formulas dks combine djus ij]
By similar argument, = r. ra. rb. rc
1
Area of ABJ = 2 . c . ra fdlh triangle ds incentre ds fy, trilinear
1
Area of BCJ = 2 . a . ra coordinates gksrs gSa& 1 : 1 : 1
Area of ABC, rFkk excentres ds fy, trilinears

= ACJ + ABJ - BCJ (-1 : 1 : 1), (1 : -1 : 1), (1 : 1 : -1)
1 1 1
= 2 b ra + 2 c ra - 2 a. ra ra + rb + rc = 4R + r
1 ra2 + rb2 + rc2 = (4R + r)2 - 2s2
= 2 (b + c - a) . ra
a+b+c  rhuksa excircles ds centres ls xqtjus okys circle dh
= (s - a) ra (s = 2 )
radius = 2R
Symmetry ls]
 ;fn H fdlh triangle ABC dk orthocentre gS rks&
Area of ABC = s . r = (s - a) ra = (s - b) rb = (s - c) rc
ra + rb + rc + r = AH + BH + CH + 2R
Cosine ds rule ls]
2 2 2
b +c -a NOTE :
CosA = 2bc
(i) dqN quadrilaterals esa Hkh incircle cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
Identity Sin2A + Cos2A = 1 ls combine djus ij]
;s tagential quadrilaterals dgykrs gSaA
SinA = -a4-b4-c4+2a2b2+2b2c2+2a2c2 budh opposite sides ds nks pairs dk sum equal gksrk
2abc gSA ;g pitot theorem dgykrh gSA
1
Area of triangle ABC = 2 bc sin A
d D
1
=4 -a4-b4-c4+2a2b2+2b2c2+2a2c2 a
A
1 d
=4 (a+b+c). (-a+b+c) (a-b+c) (a+b-c)
a
 = s(s-a) (s-b) (s-c)
O
;g Heron's formula gSA

bl Heron's formula dks] b c
 = s . r ls combine djus ij] B b
c
2 2 (s-a) (s-b) (s-c) C
r = s2 = s
both pairs of opposite sides sum to a+b+c+d.
similarly,  = (s - a). ra
2
  (ii) ;g t:jh ugha gS fd lHkh polygons ¼cgqHkqt½ esa incircle
ra =
(s-a)
ra 2 = (s-a) 2
exist djrk gks] ;fn fdlh polygon esa incircle gksrk gS rks
ra2 = s(s-b)
s-a
(s-c)
og tangential polygondgykrk gS] rFkk polygon ds
angle bisectors dk intersection point incentre
ra = s(s-b) (s-c)
dgykrk gSA
s-a

1
 ΔOAB ds fy;s 5 classical centres ds co - r= Area Δ ABC = 2×12×5
s 15
ordinates  I dscoordinates , I = (r, r) = (2, 2)
ΔOAB ,d right angled triangle (ledks.k f=Hkqt ) gS  Incircle ⇒ (x - 2)2 + (y - 2)2 = 22
blds fy;s 5 classical centres ds co - ordinates
 fdlh Δ ABC ds fy;s ftldh sides a, b, c gS rFkk
6
B
inradius r gks rks
r= (s - a) (s -b)(s-c)
4
s
b=5 B 3. Centroid (dsUnzd , G)
2
6 B
0 A
00 2 4 6 8 10 12 4
Origin a = 12 Q P
G
O (0, 0), A (12, 0), B (0, 5) 2
0 A
1. Orthocentre (yEc dsUnz H)
-2 O 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
6
B -2
4
D 0+12+0 , 0+0+5
G (x, y) =
5
3 3
2
= (4, 3)
Centroid ds coordinates fUkEu rjhds ls Hkh find fd;s
0 A tk ldrs gS -
O 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
H OR : RA = 1: 1
origin (0) tks fd right - angle okyk vertex gS blh
vr% R = (6, 0)
vertex ij ortho centre fLFkr gksxkA
BG : GR = 2 : 1
ortho centre H = 0 (0, 0) 2×6+1×0 , 2×0+1×2.5
Centroid , G = 2+1 2+1
= (4 , 53 )
2. Incentre (avar% dsUnz , I)
4. Circumcentre ( ifjdsUnz, 0)
5 B
8
4 Z
3 r 6 B
X2 r I 4
1 r O'
2
0 A
A
-1 O 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 0
Y O 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
-2
OA = a = 12 -4
OB = b = 5
AB = c = 122 + 52 = 13 right angled triangle ds fy;s circumcentre mlds
a+b+c
Semi perimeter , S = = 15 hypotenuse (d.kZ) ds e/; fcUnw ij fLFkr gksrk gS A
2
Incircle dh radius , R = IX =IY = IZ 12+0 , 0+5
O'(x , y) = = (6, 2.5)
Area of Δ ABC = r.s 2 2

 a, b, c Hkqtkvksa okys triangle dk area  fdlh Hkh triangle (not only for right angled
abc triangle) ds fy, excircles dh f=T;k;sa &
Area = 4R
= 2R2 sin A sinB sinC
s (s -b)(s-c)
r1 =
R = ifjdsUnz dh f=T;k s-a
A , B , C = ΔABC ds angles r2 = s (s-a)(s-c)
s-b
r3 = s (s -a)(s-b)
5. Ex - centre (ckg~; dsUnz, J) s-c
30
25
20
r3 J3  Important Points
15
10
1
r5
2
B A
J2 0 A r1
O 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
-5
-10
r1 J1
-15
-20 r2 r
r3
Excircle f=Hkqt ds ckgj fLFkr gksrk gS rFkk f=Hkqt dh fdlh
B C
,d Hkqtk rFkk 'ks"k nks Hkqtkvksa ds extensions ds tangent
(Li'khZ;) gksrk gS A
fdlh triangle esa
izR;sd f=Hkqt ds 3 ex-circles gksrs gS rFkk izR;sd Hkqtk ds ,d
r = r1. r2 + r2. r3 + r3. r1
distinct excircle tangent gksrk gSA excentre f=Hkqt ds
fdlh ,d angle ds internal bisector (var% dks.k ;fn ;g triangle equilateral gks rks
lef}Hkktd js[kk) rFkk 'ks"k nks Hkqtkvksa ds external r1 = r2 = r3
bisectors (ckg~ ; dks . k lef}Hkktd js [ kk) ds
intersection point (dVku fcUnw) ij fLFkr gksrk gSA r = 3r1
Area of ΔOAB 2 ,d incredibly useful property ;g gS fd
= Area of ΔJ1 AB + ΔJ1OB - ΔJ1OA orthocentre dk reflection fdlh Hkh side ds fy,
ab cr1 br1 ar1 ges'kk triangle ds circumcircle ij fLFkr gksrk gSA
= 2
+ - 2
= [ b+c-a ] r1 = [ a+b+c-2a ]
2 2 2 2 bl property dks vU; visual way esa Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk
a+b+c gS& fdlh circular piece of paper esa ;fn ,d
= -a = (s - a )r1
2 triangle inscribed fd;k tk;s rFkk bl triangle dh
ab 12x5 rhuksa sides ds according paper dh arcs dks eksM+k tk;s
∴r1 = 2 (s-a) = 2 (15-12) = 10
rks ;s rhuksa arcs ges'kk orthocentre ij gh feyrh gSA
ab 12x5
Similarly, r2 = 2 (s-a) = 2 (15-5) 3 Triangle ABC esa] fdUgh Hkh nks vertex rFkk
ab 12x5 orthocentre H ls cuus okys triangles ds
r3 = 2 (s-a)
= 2 (15-13)
= 15
circumcircles rFkk original triangle ABC dk
Conclusion : Ex-centres : J1 = (r1,-r1) = (10, - 10) circumcircle congruent (equal radius) gksrs gSa
D;ksafd BHC dk circumcircle, orthocentre H dk
J2 = (-r2, r2) = (-3, 3)
Locus gksrk gS rFkk vertex A original circumcircle
J3 = (r3, r3) = (15, 15) ds around ?kqerk gSA

QUESTIONS
Q.1. How many triangles are there with integer Øe'k% 19, 22 rFkk 23 gSA rks AF dh yEckbZ D;k gksxh\
side lengths such that the area of the triangle (a) 14 (b) 11 (c) 12 (d) 13
formed by joining the orthocentre,
circumcentre and centroid of ABC = 44
Q.5. Find the area of circumcircle of an isosceles
square units?
triangle ABC, where a = b and A = 150,
,sls fdrus f=Hkqt gSa ftudh Hkqtk dh yEckbZ iw.kkZad gS] rFkk
mudss yEcdsUnz] ifjdsUnz rFkk dsUnzd dks feykus ij cus f=Hkqt provided that the perimeter of the triangle is
ABC dk {ks=Qy 44 oxZ ,dd gS \ 25cm.
(a) 3 (b) 2 ,d lef}ckgq ABC ds ifjo`r dk {ks=Qy D;k gksxk] tgka a
= b rFkk A = 150 gS rFkk f=Hkqt dk ifjeki 25 lseh gSA
(c) 1 (d) 0
(a) .384 cm2 (b) .259 cm2
(c) .121 cm2 (d) .304 cm2
Q.2. In ABC with centroid G, if AG = BC, what is the
angle BGC in degrees?
dsUnzd G okys ABC esa] ;fn AG = BC rks ∠BGC dk eku Q.6. ABC is an acute angle triangle with points D
fMxzh esa gksxk\ and E on BC and AC respectively. Such that BE
(a) 900 (b) 650 and AD are altitudes. AD and BE intersect at H.
if ∠BCA = 420 and ∠EBA = 2 ∠DAB. What is the
(c) 480 (d) 700
measure of ∠ABC?
,d U;wu dks.k ABC esa] Hkqtk BC o AC ij fcUnw dze'k% D
Q.3. Let A = (2, 12), B = (10, 0) and C = (0, 0) be the
rFkk E gSA BE rFkk AD ÅapkbZ;ka gSa rFkk ,d nwljs dks H ij
vertices of triangle ABC. If G is the centroid of
dkVrh gSaA ;fn ∠BCA = 420 rFkk ∠EBA = 2∠DAB gSA
the triangle. What are the coordinate of G and
rks ∠ABC = ?
the area of  AGB.
(a) 780 (b) 760 (c) 750 (d) 770
;fn A= (2,12), B = (10,0) rFkk C = (0,0), ABC ds
'kh"kZ gSaA ;fn G dsUnzd gks rks] dsUnzd ds funsZ'kkad rFkk AGB
dk {ks=Qy D;k gksxk\ Q.7 In a ABC, point O is the circumcentre. If ∠AOB
(a) (2, 4), 20 (b) (4, 4), 26 : ∠BOC : ∠COA = 2 : 3 : 4. What is the measure of
∠BAC?
(c) (4,4) , 20 (d) (2, 4), 26
B ABC esa] O ifjdsUnz gSA ;fn ∠AOB : ∠BOC : ∠COA =
2 : 3 : 4 gS rks ∠BAC = ?
Q.4.
(a) 900 (b) 450
F D (c) 600 (d) 750
I
Q. 8. A triangle has vertices at A = (0, 0), B = (14, 0)

and C = (5, 12). What are the coordinates of the
A E C orthocentre?
,d f=Hkqt ds 'kh"kZ A = (0,0), B = (14,0) rFkk C = (5,
I is incentre of ABC. The lengths of BC, CA 12) gSaA rks yEcdsUnz ds funsZ'kkad D;k gksaxsa\
and AB are 19, 22 and 23 respectively. What is
(a) (12, 13
2
) (b) (13
2 4
, 15 )
the length of AF?
(c) (5, 13 ) (d) (5, 15)
I ABC dk vUr%dsUnz gSA BC, CA rFkk AB dh yEckbZ;ka 2 4

Q.9 The sides of triangle ABC are 5, 6 and 7. P is a Q.12. What is the circumcentre of ABC with
point in the plance of the triangle such that PA2 vertices A = (1,4), B = (-2, 3), C = (5, 2) ?
+ PB2 + PC2 = 70. Find the distance of P from the 'kh"kZ A = (1, 4), B = (-2, 3), C (5, 2) okys f=Hkqt dk
centroid? ifjdsUnz gS\
ABC dh Hkqtk,a 5, 6 rFkk 7 gSA f=Hkqt ds vUnj fcUnw P bl (a) (1, -1) (b) (0, 1)
izdkj gS fd PA2 + PB2 + PC2 = 70 gSA rks dsUnzd ls fcUnw P (c) (2,0) (d) (0, 4)
dh nwjh Kkr djksA
9
(a) (b) 10
2 3 Q.13. In an isosceles ABC, AB = AC and ∠A is two
13 9
(c) 3
(d) 4 times of ∠B. If AB = 3cm, then ratio of inradius
to the circumradius is.
4 ft.
Q.10. C B ,d lef}ckgq ABC esa] AB = AC rFkk ∠A = 2∠B gSA ;fn
AB = 3 lseh gks rks vUr%f=T;k o ifjf=T;k dk vuqikr D;k gksxk\
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 -1 : 1
(c) 2 2-1 : 1 (d) 1 : 2 2-1
4 ft. 4 ft.
O.
Q14. Let a, b, c be the side lengths of ABC and let d,
e, f be the distances from its centroid G to the
2 2 2
vertices. What is the ratio a +b +c ? 2 2 2
A d +e +f
ABC is an equilateral triangle with sides ;fn ABC dh Hkqtk,a a,b,c gSa rFkk blds dsUnzd G ls 'kh"kksZa
equal to 4ft. A soccer ball with radius one foot a2+b2+c2
dh nwfj;ka d, e, f gSA rks vuqikr gS\
d2+e2+f2
is adjusted according to the figure. Find the 7
(a) (b) 3
distance from the centre of ball O to the vertex 3
A. (c) 1
3
(d) 73
ABC, 4ft Hkqtk okyk leckgq f=Hkqt gSA fp=kuqlkj] ,d 1 ft
f=T;k okyh QqVckWy xsan dks lek;ksftr fd;k gSA xsan ds dsUnz Q.15. Consider a right angled triangle with inradius
O ls 'kh"kZ A dh nwjh Kkr djks 2 cm and circumradius of 7 cm. What is the
area of the triangle?
(a) 5 ft (b) 1 ft
,d ledks.k f=Hkqt ftldh vUr%f=T;k 2 lseh rFkk ifjf=T;k
(c)2 ft (d) 6 ft
7 lseh gSA f=Hkqt dk {ks=Qy Kkr djksA
(a) 32 sq cms (b) 31.5 sq cms
Q.11. Three circles of equal radii all intersect at a
(c) 32.5 sq cms (d) 33 sq cms
single point P. What is point P for ABC?
(a) Incentre (b) Circumcentre
Q.16. If O be the orthocenter of ABC, OF ⟘ r AB and
(c) Centroid (d) Orthocentre
OE ⟘ r AC. If OE = 2cm and BE = 5cm then find
leku f=T;k okys rhu o`r ,d gh fcUnw P ij dkVrs gSaA
the value of OF × OC.
ABC ds fy, fcUnw P gS\
A ;fn O, ABC dk yEcdsUnz gS rFkk OF ⟘r AB, OE ⟘r
(a) vUr%dsUnz (b) ifjdsUnz
z. x.
AC gSA ;fn OE = 2 lseh rFkk BE = 5 lseh gS rks OF × OC
(c) dsUnzd (d) yEcdsUnz dk eku Kkr djksA
(a) 10 cm (b) 3 cm
C P B
.y
(c) 6 cm (d) 2 cm

17. In a ABC, a random line FE passes through its (a) 5.24 cm2 (b) 3.25 cm2
centroid, segmenting it into two regions. Find (c) 2 cm2 (d) 0 cm2
the minimum possible ratio of the area of the
smaller region to the area of the larger region.
20. A triangle has sides a2, b2 and c2. Then the
,d ABC esa] ,d js[kk FE blds dsUnzd ls xqtjrh gqbZ bls triangle with sides a, b, c has to be:-
nks Hkkxksa esa ckaVrh gSA rks NksVs Hkkx ds {ks=Qy dk cM+s Hkkx ds
{ks=QYk ls lcls de laHkkfor vuqikr Kkr djksA (a) Right-angled (b) Acute-angled
A (c) Obtuse-angled (d) Can be any of these three
,d f=Hkqt dh rhu Hkqtk,a a2, b2 rFkk c2 gSaA rks a, b, c Hkqtkvksa
okyk f=Hkqt gksxk&
E (a) ledks.k (b) U;wu dks.k
(c) vf/kd dks.k (d) rhuksa eas ls dksbZ Hkh
G
21. A triangle has vertices at A = (0, 0), B = (14, 0)
and C = (5, 12). What are the coordinates of the
B F C
incentre?
(a) 0.70 (b) 0.80 ,d f=Hkqt ds 'kh"kZ A = (0,0), B = (14, 0) rFkk C = (5,
(c) 0.25 (d) 0.75 12) gS rks vUr%dsUnz ds funsZ'kkad D;k gksaxsa\
(a) (4, 6) (b) (6, 4)
18. Two circles are placed in an equilateral (c) (5, 3) (d) (2, 5)
triangle as shown in the figure. What is the
ratio of the area of the smaller circle to that of
22. An interior designer is creating a custom
the equilateral triangle?
fp= esa fn[kk, vuqlkj] ,d leckgq f=Hkqt esa nks o`r lekfgr coffee table for a client. The top of the table is a
gSaA rks NksVs o`r ds {ks=QYk dk leckgq f=Hkqt ds {ks=Qy ls glass triangle that needs to balance on a single
vuqikr Kkr dhft,A support. If the coordinates of the vertices of
A the triangle are at (3, 6), (5, 2), (7, 10), at what
point should the support be placed?
,d baVhfj;j fMtkbuj fdlh xzkgd ds fy, dkWQh Vscy cukrk
gSA Vscy dk VkWi dk dkap f=Hkqtkdkj gS ftls fdlh ,d gh
lgkjs dh t:jr gSA ;fn f=Hkqt ds 'kh"kksZa ds funsZ'kkad (3, 6),
I
(5, 2), (7, 10) gS rks lgkjk fdl fcanw ij j[kk tk,\
(a) (4, 5) (b) (5, 6)
B D C
(c) (3, 2) (d) (2, 3)
(a) π : 36√3 (b) π : 18√3
(c) π : 27√3 (d) π : 42√3
23. In ABC, G is the centriod, AB = 15 cm, BC =
18cm, and AC = 25 cm. Find GD, where D is the
19. Consider an isosceles triangle ABC with mid point of BC.
AB = AC = 5cm, BC = 6cm, where I, O, H denote ABC esa] G dsUnzd gS rFkk AB = 15 lseh] BC = 18 lseh
its incentre, circumcentre, orthocentre rFkk AC = 25 lseh gSA ;fn D, BC dk e/; fcUnw gS rks GD
respectively. Find the area of IOH. Kkr djksA
,d lef}ckgq ABC esa] AB = AC = 5 lseh] rFkk BC = 6 1 1
(a) 2 86 cm (b) 3 86 cm
lseh gS rFkk I, O, H dze'k% vUr%dsUnz] ifjdsUnz rFkk yEcdsUnz 7 2
(c) 6 86 cm (d) 3 86 cm
gSaA rks IOH dk {ks=Qy Kkr djksA

24. In a parallelogram, the lengths of adjacent 28. Triangle ABC is an isosceles triangle with sides
0
sides are 12cm and 14 cm respectively. If one AB = BC and ∠ABC = 123 . Point D is the
of the diagonals is 22 cm, find the length of the midpoint of AC, point E is the foot of the
other diagonal, the perimeter and area of the perpendicular from D to BC, and point F is the
parallelogram. midpoint of DE. The intersection point of AE
,d lekUrj prqHkqZt esa] laxr Hkqtkvksa dh yEckbZ;ka dze'k% 12 and BF is G. find ∠BGA?
lseh rFkk 14 lseh gSA ;fn ,d fod.kZ 22 lseh gS rks nwljs
,d lef}ckgq ABC esa] Hkqtk AB = BC rFkk ∠ABC = 1230
fod.kZ dh yEckbZ rFkk lekUrj prHkqZt dk ifjeki o {ks=Qy
Kkr djksA gSA D, AC dk e/;fcanw gS] D ls BC ij Mkys x, yEc dk dVku
(a) 14 cm, 52 cm, 48 10 cm2 fcanw E gS rFkk F, DE dk e/;fcanw gSA AE rFkk BF dk dVku
fcanw G gS rks ∠BGA = ?
(b) 14 cm, 60 cm, 24 15 cm2
(c) 14 cm, 52 cm, 45 10cm2 (a) 900 (b) 450
(d) 12 cm, 52 cm, 154 cm2 (c) 600 (d) 750
25. A = (17, 4) is a vertex of ABC and O = (0,0) is

29. ABC has vertices A (-11,4), B (-3,8), and C (3,
its circumcentre. P, Q and R the midpoints of
-10). The coordinates of the center of the circle
sides AB, BC and CA respectively. If the
circumscribed about ABC are
orthocentre of PQR is H, then what is the
equation of line AH? ABC ds 'kh"kZ A (-11,4), B (-3,8), and C (3,-10) gSaA
ABC dk ,d 'kh"kZ A = (17, 4) rFkk ifjdsUnz O = (0,0) rks ABC ds ifjo`r ds dsUnz ds funsZ'kkad Kkr djksA
gSA P, Q rFkk R dze'k% Hkqtkvksa AB, BC, CA ds e/; fcUnw gSaA (a) (-2, -3) (b) (-3, -2)
;fn PQR dk yEcdsUnz H gks rks js[kk AH dk lehdj.k
(c) (3,2) (d) (-1, -1)
gksxk\
17
(a) y = 4 x (b) y = 17x
(c) y = 21x (d) y = 4x 30. Three equal circles are placed inside an
equilateral triangle such that any circle is
26. Let ∆PQR be the pedal triangle of ∆ABC. tangential to two sides of the equilateral
Excentre of ∆PQR are (20,8), (4, 12) and (13, triangle and to two other circles. What is the
1). If one of the vertices of ∆PQR is (14, 2) then ratio of the areas of one circle to that of the
find the area of ∆ABC. triangle?
fdlh ∆ABC dk pedal triangle ∆PQR gSA ∆PQR dk Rkhu cjkcj o`r ,d leckgq f=Hkqt esa bl izdkj j[ksa x, gSa fd
excentre (20,8), (4, 12) rFkk (13, 1) gSA ;fn ∆PQR dksbZ Hkh o`r leckgq f=Hkqt dh nks Hkqtkvksa dks Li'kZ djrk gS rFkk
nwljs nks o`rksa dks HkhA rks ,d o`r ds {ks=Qy dk f=Hkqt ds
dk ,d 'kh"kZ (14, 2) gS rks ∆ABC dk {ks=Qy Kkr djksA
{ks=Qy ls vuqikr Kkr djkssA
(a) 55 sq. unit (b) 62 sq. unit
(a) π : (6+4√3) (b) 3π : (6+4√3)
(c) 70 sq. unit (d) None
(c) 2π : (6+4√3) (d) π : (6+2√3)
27. If G is the centriod of ABC and AG = BC, then

∠BGC is:
;fn G, ABC dk dsUnzd gS rFkk AG = BC gS rks ∠BGC gS\
(a)750 (b) 450
(c) 900 (d) 600

31. Triangle ABC has a right angle at C. point D lies 35. In a ∆ABC, three sides are 5 cm, 4cm and 2cm.
on hypotenuse AB such that CD is Find the length of median from smallest angle
perpendicular to AB. if AD = 4 cm and BD = vertex.
9cm. what is the area of triangle? ∆ABC esa] rhu Hkqtk,a 5 lseh] 4 lseh rFkk 2 lseh gSA lcls
∆ABC, C ij ledks.k gSA fcanw D, d.kZ AB ij bl izdkj gS fd NksVs dks.k okys 'kh"kZ ls ekf/;dk dh yEckbZ Kkr djksA
CD, AB ij yEcor gSA ;fn AD = 4 lseh rFkk BD = 9 lseh (a) 41 (b) 39
3 2
gS rks f=Hkqt dk {ks=Qy Kkr djksA
(c) 22 (d) 35
(a) 39 cm2 (b) 44 cm2 3 3
(c) 26 cm2 (d) 20 cm2

36. In a ∆ABC, BD & CE are the two medians which
intersect each other at right angle, if AB = 22,
32. In ∆ABC AD, BE and CF are the altitutdes in the AC = 19, find BC = ?
ratio 1 : 2 : 3 respectively, then the ratio of AB :
∆ABC esa] nks ekf/;dk,a BD rFkk CE ,d nwljs dks ledks.k
BC : CA is.
ij dkVrh gSaA ;fn AB = 22, AC = 19 gS rks BC = ?
∆ABC esa] ÅapkbZ;ksa AD, BE, CF dk vuqikr 1 : 2 : 3 gSA rks
(a) 9 cm (b) 11 cm
AB : BC : CA dk vuqikr gS\
(c) 14 cm (d) 13 cm
(a) 6 : 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 : 1
(c) 2 : 4 : 9 (d) 2 : 6 : 3
37. G is the centriod of ABC. The medians AD and
BE intersect at right angles. If the lengths of AD
33. In triangle ABC, DE ∥ BC where D is a point on and BE are 9 cm and 12 cm respectively then the
AB and E is point on AC. DE divides the area of length of AB (in cm) is?
∆ABC into two equal parts. Then DB : AB is ABC dk dsUnzd G gSA ekf/;dk,a AD rFkk BE ,d nwljs dks
equal to ledks.k ij dkVrh gSA ;fn AD rFkk BE dh yEckbZ;ka dze'k%
∆ABC esa] DE || BC tgka D, AB ij rFkk E, AC ij dksbZ fcanw 9 lseh rFkk 12 lseh gks rks AB dh yEckbZ gksxh ¼lseh esa½ \
gSA DE, ∆ABC ds {ks=Qy dks nks cjkcj Hkkxksa esa ckaVrh gSA rks (a) 11 (b) 10
DB : AB cjkcj gS\ (b) 10.5 (d) 85
(a) 2 : ( 2 + 1) (b) ( 2 - 1): 2
(c) 2 : ( 2 - 1) (d) ( 2 + 1): 2 38. In ∆ABC, BE, AD, CF is a median on AC, BC and
AB respectively. AD = 10, BE = 6 and CF = 8 cm.
Then find the area of ∆ABC ?
34. O is the circumcentre of a triangle ABC whose
∆ABC esa] Hkqtkvksa AC, BC rFkk AB ij ekf/;dk,a dze'k% BE,
∠A = 50°. If bisector of ∠OBC and ∠OCB
AD rFkk CF gSA AD = 10, BE = 6 rFkk CF = 8 cm gS rks
intersect at P then what is the measure of
ABC dk {ks=Qy gksxk\
∠BPC?
(a) 24 cm2 (b) 48 cm2
∆ABC dk ifjdsUnz O gS rFkk ∠A = 500 gSA ;fn ∠OBC
rFkk ∠OCB ds lef}Hkktd P ij dkVrs gSa rks ∠BPC dk eku (c) 52 cm2 (d) 32 cm2
gS\
39. The medians AD, BE CF of a triangle ABC
(a) 1250 (b) 1050
intersect in G. Which of the following is true
(c) 1400 (d) 900 for any ∆ABC.
∆ABC dh ekf/;dk,a AD, BE rFkk CF fcanw G ij dkVrh gSaA
rks ∆ABC ds fy, dkSulk lR; gS\
(a) GB + GC = 3GA (b) GB + GC < GA
(c) GB + GC > GA (d) GB + GC = GA

40. ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle (leckgq f=Hkqt) 44. The two sides of a triangle are 8 cm and 9 cm
of Side 6 cm. Find the area of shaded region I and one angle is 600. Which of the following
and II ? can be the length of its third side?
∆ABC, 6 lseh Hkqtk okyk leckgq f=Hkqt gSA rks Nk;kafdr Hkkx ,d f=Hkqt dh nks Hkqtk,a 8 lseh o 9 lseh gS rFkk ,d dks.k 600
I rFkk II dk {ks=Qy Kkr djksA gSA rks rhljh Hkqtk dh yEckbZ D;k gks ldrh gSA
A I. √23 cm
I II. √73 cm
III. (4.5-√3.25) cm
IV. (4 + √33) cm
II V. (9 + √13) cm
B C
(a) Only II and IV
 11
(b) Only I and III
(a) 2 , 4
3 18 3 18 (c) Only I, II and V
(b) 1 , 4 11
3 9 3 18 (d) Only II, III and IV
(c) 1 , 2 
3 9 3 9
2  2  45. Alice made a collage with pictures of her
(d) ,
3 9 3 18 friends. She wants to hang the collage from the
ceiling in her room so that it is parallel to the
41. Find the area of rhombus ABCD given that the
ceiling. A diagram of the collage is shown in
radii of the circumcircles of triangles ABD and
the graph at the right. At what point should
ACD are 12.5 and 25 respectively.
she place the string?
leprqHkqZt ABCD dk {ks=Qy Kkr djks] fn;k gS fd ∆ABD
,fyl vius friends dh QksVks ls ,d dksykt cukrh gSA og
rFkk ∆ACD ds ifjo`r dh f=T;k,a Øe'k% 12.5 rFkk 25 gSA bl dksykt dks flfyax ds lekUrj yVdkuk pkgrh gSA dksykt
(a) 400 (b) 360 fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA rks og jLlh dks fdl fcanw ij j[ksxh\
(c) 290 (d) 384 (0, 8)
42. The area of QED = 750. QE = 48 and QD = 52.

To the nearest degree, what is the measure of
the largest possible angle of QED? (6, 4)
QED dk {ks=Qy 750 gSA QE = 48 rFkk QD = 52 gSA rks
QED ds lcls cM+s laHkkfor dks.k dk eku Kkr djksA
(3, 0)
(a) 76 (b) 77
(c) 78 (d) 143 (a) (3, 4) (b) (4, 3)
(c) (8, 3) (d) (3, 5)
43. If O is the circumcentre of a triangle ABC lying
inside the triangle then ∠OBC + ∠BAC is equal
to
;fn O, ∆ABC ifjdsUnz gS tks f=Hkqt ds vUnj fLFkr gSA rks
∠OBC + ∠BAC cjkcj gS\
(a) 120° (b) 110°
(c) 90° (d) 60°

46. An isosceles triangle ABC is right angled at B. cm gSA rFkk AD = DE = EF = FC rks BD2 + BE2 + BF2
D, is a point inside the triangle ABC. P and Q are dk eku Kkr djksA ¼lseh- esa-½
the feet of the perpendiculars drawn from D (a) 10,000 (b) 5,000
on the side AB and AC respectively of ∆ABC. If (c) 8,750 (d) 12,500
AP = acm, AQ = b cm and ∠BAD = 150. Find the
value of sin 750 ?
49. The equation of the perpendicular bisector of
,d lef}ckgq f=Hkqt ABC fcanw B ij ledks.k gSA D, ABC ds the segment joining A (-9,2) to B (3,-4) is
vUnj dksbZ fcanw gSA D ls Hkqtkvksa AB rFkk AC ij Mkys x, yEc
A (-9,2) ls B (3,-4) dks feykus okys [kaM ds yEc
Hkqtkvksa dks fcanw P rFkk Q ij dkVrs gSaA ;fn AP = a lseh rFkk lef}Hkktd dk lehdj.k Kkr djksA
AQ = b lseh rFkk ∠BAD = 150 gS] rks sin750 dk eku gS\ -1 -1
(a) y − 1 = 2 (x - 3) (b) y + 1 = 2 (x + 3)
AD AP
(a) AP
(b) AD (c) y + 1 = 2(x + 3) (d) y + 3 = 2(x + 1)
AQ AP
(c) (d) T
AD AQ
6
0
47. If in the given figure, ∠PQR = 90 , O is the
C
centriod of PQR. if PQ = 5cm and QR = 12cm,
then OQ is equal to. 10
;fn fn, x, fp= esa] ∠PQR = 900, PQR dk dsUnzd O gSA

;fn PQ = 5 lseh rFkk QR = 12 lseh gS rks OQ dk eku gSA A O B
M 50. ABC is an equilateral triangle of Side 6 cm.

O Find the area of shaded region I and II.
ABC 6 lseh Hkqtk okyk ,d leckgq f=Hkqt gSA Nka;kfdr
Hkkx I rFkk II dk {ks=Qy Kkr djksA
Q R
1 1 A
(a) 3 2 (b) 4 3 I
1 1
(c) 4 2 (d) 5 3
A r
48.
D II
B C
E  
(a) r2( 3 - 3 ) ; r2(2 - 2 )
 
F (b) r2( 3 - 2 ) ; r2(4 - 3 )
 
(c) r2(2 - ) ; 2
r ( 3 - 3)
B C 2
2  
In the above figure, ΔABC is right angled and (d) r (4 - )
3
; r2( 3 - 2 )
AC = 100 cm. Also, AD = DE = EF = FC. Find the
value of: BD2 + BE2 + BF2 (in cm2)
fn, x, fp= esa] ΔABC ledks.k f=Hkqt gS rFkk AC = 100

QT
51. Find the coordinates of the orthocentre of cjkcj gSA rc TR >2 dk eku gksxkA
triangle ABC with vertices A(-3, 3), B (-1, 7) QT 1 1 QT
(a) TR < 3 (b) 3 < TR < 1
and C (3, 3). QT
(c) TR
>1 (d) Can't be determined
'kh"kksZa A (-3, 3), B (-1, 7) rFkk C (3, 3) okys f=Hkqt ds
yEcdsUnz ds funsZ'kkad Kkr djksA
(a) (5, -1) (b) (-1, 5) 56. In the figure, segments AD and CE are medians
(c) (3, -5) (d) (-5, 3) of ∆ACB, AD ⟘ CE. AB = 10 and CE = 9. Find CA.
fp= esa] [kaM AD o CE, ∆ACB dh ekf/;dk,a gSa rFkk AD⟘
52. Isosceles ∆QRS has dimensions QR = QS = 60 CE. AB = 10 rFkk CE = 9 gS rks CA Kkr djksA
5 E 5
and RS = 30. The centroid of QRS is located at A B
3
point T. What is the distance from T to QR? P
Lkef)ckgq ∆QRS esa QR = QS = 60 rFkk RS = 30 gSaA

6
D
∆QRS dk dsUnzd fcanw T ij gSA rks QR ls fcanw T dh nwjh gS\
5
(a) 2√15 (b) 2 √15
7
(c) 3√15 (d) 2 √15 C
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 5 (d) 3.5
53. BL and CM are medians of ∆ABC right angled
at A and BC = 5 cm. If BL = 3 25 cm, then the
length of CM is. 57. Find the altitude to side AC of triangle with
side AB = 20 cm, AC = 20 cm, BC = 30 cm.
ABC tks A ij ledks.k gS] dh ekf/;dk,a BL rFkk CM gS
AB = 20 lseh, AC = 20 lseh, BC = 30 lseh Hkqtkvksa okys
rFkk BC = 5 lseh gSA ;fn BL = 3 25 rks CM dh yEckbZ gS \
f=Hkqt esa Hkqtk AC ij Mkys x;s yEc dh yEckbZ Kkr djksA
(a) 4√2 (b) 3√5 (a) 10√7 (b) 8√7
(c) 2√5 (d) 3√2 (c) 7.5√7 (d) 15√7
54. Triangle ABC has angles A = 60° and B = 70°. 58. In a ∆AED, find the value of ∠ECD, If AC = 4x - 3,
The incenter of this triangle is at I. Find angle BIC DC = 2x + 9, m ∠ECA = 15x + 2 and EC is a
f=Hkqt ABC esa] dks.k A = 60° rFkk B = 70° gSA bl f=Hkqt median of ∆AED.
dk vUr%dsUnz I gSA rks dks.k BIC Kkr djksA ∆AED esa]∠ECD dk eku Kkr djks ;fn AC = 4x - 3, DC =
(a) 90° (b) 130° 2x + 9, m ∠ECA = 15x + 2 rFkk EC, ∆AED dh ekf/;dk gSA
(c) 80° (d) 120° (a) 920 (b) 880

(c) 780 (d) 900
55. A right angled triangle PQR is such that ∠PRQ
59. In ∆ABC, the internal bisector of the ∠A, ∠B
= 90° and QR = 4 cm. T is a point on QR such
and ∠C intersect the circumcircle at x, y and z
that PT = 3 cm, and perimeter of triangle PQT =
respectively. If ∠A = 500, ∠CZY = 300 then ∠BYZ
Perimeter of triangle PTR Then, QT >2 takes
TR ∆ABC esa] ∠A, ∠B, ∠C ds vkUrfjd lef}Hkktd ifjo`r dks
the value.
Øe'k% x, y, z ij dkVrs gSaA ;fn ∠A = 500, ∠CZY = 300 gks rks
,d ledks.k f=Hkqt PQR esa] ∠PRQ = 900 rFkk QR = 4
∠BYZ = ?
lseh gS rFkk T, QR ij dksbZ fcanw bl izdkj gS fd PT = 3
lsehA f=Hkqt PQT dk ifjeki] f=Hkqt PTR ds ifjeki ds (a) 100 (b) 350
(c) 1000 (d) 1150
60. G is the Orthocentre of the scalene triangle 64. The circumcentre of triangle ABC is O. If ∠BAC
ABC. What is the ratio of the area of =850 and ∠BCA=75° then the value of ∠OAC is.
quadrilateral DECB to the area of triangle ∆ABC dk ifjdsUnz O gSA ;fn ∠BAC = 850 rFkk ∠BCA =
ABC? 750 gS rks ∠OAC dk eku D;k gksxk\
O, fo"keckgq f=Hkqt ABC dk yEcdsUnz gSA prqHkqZt DECB ds (a) 200 (b) 550 (c) 700 (d) 900
{ks=Qy dk f=Hkqt ABC ds {ks=Qy ls D;k vuqikr gS\
A
65. O and C are respectively the orthocenter and
4u
the circumcentre of an acute angled triangle

nit
s
PQR. The points P and O are joined and

nit
D E
8u
G produced to meet the side QR at S. If ∠PQS =

600 and ∠QCR = 1300, then ∠RPS = ? .
B C
O rFkk C ,d U;wudks.k f=Hkqt PQR ds yEcdsUnz rFkk ifjdsUnz
1 1 gSaA P rFkk O dks feykdj mls vkxs c<+kus ij ;g QR dks S ij
(a) 4 (b) 2
feyrh gSA ;fn ∠PQS = 600 rFkk ∠QCR = 1300 gS rks
(c) 34 (d) Data Insufficient ∠RPS gksxk\
(a) 500 (b) 450 (c) 100 (d) 350
61. In ∆ABC, ∠B = 60⁰ and ∠C = 40⁰. If AD and AE
be respectively the internal bisector of ∠A and 66. Triangle ABC has area 15 and perimeter 20.
perpendicular on BC, then the measure of Furthermore the product of the 3 side lengths
∠DAE is. is 225. If the three altitudes of the triangle
∆ABC esa] ∠B = 600, ∠C = 400 gSA AD, A dk vkUrfjd have lengths d, e and f, then the value of de + ef
lef}Hkktd gS rFkk AE, BC ij yEc gSA ∠DAE dk eku gS\ + fd can be written as m . what is m + n?
n
(a) 300 (b) 150 ∆ABC dk {ks=Qy 15 o ifjeki 20 gSA rhuksa Hkqtkvksa dh
(c) 100 (d) 250 yEckbZ;ksa dk xq.kuQy 225 gSA ;fn rhuksa Å¡pkb;ksa dh
m
yEckbZ;ka d, e rFkk f gS rks de + ef + fd dks n fy[kk tk
62. What is the distance between the orthocentre ldrk gSA m + n dk eku D;k gS\
and the circumcenter of a triangle whose sides (a) 1320 (b) 1217
measure 24 cm, 26 cm and 10 cm? (c) 1528 (d) 1023
,d f=Hkqt ftldh Hkqtk,a 24 lseh, 26 lseh rFkk 10 lseh gS
rks mlds yEcdsUnz o ifjdsUnz ds e/; nwjh Kkr djksA 67. Consider the ΔXYZ given below.
(a) 13 cm (b) 12 cm X
(c) 7.5 cm (d) √30 cm

63
16
63. The lengths of the sides of a triangle are 25, 29,
and 34. To the nearest tenth of a degree, the Y Z
P
measure of the largest angle is 65
,d f=Hkqt dh Hkqtkvksa dh yEckbZ;ka 25, 29 rFkk 34 gSaA rks Find the length of the perpendicular XP drawn
lcls cM+s dks.k dk eku gS\ on the side YZ.
(a) 102.3° (b) 77.7° fn;s x, ΔXYZ esa YZ Hkqtk ij Mkys x, yEc XP dh yEckbZ
Kkr djksA
(c) 87.6° (d) 87.7°
(a) 15.5 units (b) 12.5 units
(c) 13.5 units (d) 16.5 units

68. In the following figure, the equilateral triangle A
ABC has an area of 900 3 m2. Points P and Q

are the mid-points of AB and AC respectively.
Find the area of the shaded region. F
fn;s x, fp= esa leckgq f=Hkqt ABC dk {ks=Qy 900 3eh2
gSA P rFkk Q Hkqtk AB o AC ds e/;fcUnw gSaA Nk;kfdar Hkkx G
dk {ks=Qy Kkr djksA
A 1
B 2 D 3 E 3 C
(a) 1 : 8 (b) 1 : 5
P Q (c) 1 : 3 (d) 1 : 4
71. It is given that AB and AC are the equal sides of

an isosceles triangle ABC, in which an
B C equilateral triangle DEF is inscribed. As
(a) 64 3 m 2
(b)80 3m 2 shown in the figure, ∠BFD = a and ∠ADE = b,
(c) 75 3 m2 (d)72 3m2 and ∠FEC = c , then
fn;k x;k gS fd lef}ckgw f=Hkqt ABC dh Hkqtk,a AB rFkk AC
69. In the figure given below , ABCD is a concave cjkcj gSa rFkk ftllsa leckgw f=Hkqt DEF inscribed gSaA
quadilateral and the measure of ∠BAD = 900, fn;s x, fp= ds vuqlkj ∠BFD = a, ∠ADE = b, ∠FEC =
BA = AD = 6 cm and BC = CD = 5 cm. What is the c rc \ A
length (in cm) of the segment AC ?
fn;s x, fp= esa ABCD ,d prqHkqZt gS rFkk ∠BAD = 900 , b
D E
BA = AD = 6 lseh rFkk BC = CD = 5 lseh gSA [k.M AC dh c
yEckbZ lseh esa Kkr djksA
A a
B C
F
b+c a+c
(a) a = 2 (b) b = 2
(c) c = 2a + ab (d) None of these
C
72. In Δ ABC, G is the orthocentre and D is the
B D midpoint of BC, Area of ΔABC is five times the
(a) 3 2 (b) 3 2 - 5 area of ΔGDC and ∠ABC = 600. If the minimum
(c) 3 2 - 7 (d) 2 2 - 3 distance between any point on BC and point A
is 10 cm, then find the length of GC.
70. In the following figue , CF || GE and DF || EA, f=Hkqt ABC esa] G yEcdsUnz gS rFkk D, BC dk e/;fcanw gSA Δ
BG = 1 unit, BD = 2 units and DE = EC = 3 units. ABC dk {ks=Qy] ΔGCD dk ikap xq.kk gS rFkk ∠ABC = 600
Find the ratio of areas of ΔBGE and ΔABE. gSA ;fn fcanw A ls BC ds fdlh fcanw dh lcls de nwjh 10 lseh
fn;s x, fp= esa CF || GE rFkk DF || EA, BG = 1 ,dd , gS rks GC dh yEckbZ Kkr djksA
BD = 2 ,dd, DE = EC = 3 ,dd , gSaA rks ΔBGE rFkk Δ (a) 4 33 (b) 4 cm
ABE ds {ks=Qyksa dk vuqikr Kkr djksA (c) 8 cm (d) 8 33

73. In a triangle ABC, the incircle touches the three Answer Key
sides AB, BC and CA at the points D, E and F 1 d 21 b 41 a 61 c
respectively. If the length(in cm) of the sides 2 a 22 b 42 c 62 a
AB, BC and CA are three consecutive even 3 c 23 d 43 c 63 b
numbers, then which of the following cannot 4 d 24 a 44 d 64 c
be the radius (in cm) of the incircle ? 5 b 25 a 45 a 65 d
f=Hkqt ABC esa] f=Hkqt dk vUr%o`r Hkqtkvksa AB, BC rFkk CA 6 b 26 c 46 b 66 b
dks dze'k% D, E rFkk F fcanw ij Li'kZ djrk gSA ;fn Hkqtkvksa 7 c 27 c 47 b 67 a
AB, BC rFkk CA dh yEckbZ yxkrkj le la[;k,a (lseh- esa) gSa 8 d 28 a 48 c 68 c
rks fuEu esa ls dkSulh vUr%o`r dh f=T;k ugh gks ldrhA (lseh- 9 b 29 b 49 c 69 c
esa)? 10 c 30 a 50 a 70 d
11 d 31 a 51 b 71 a
(a) 2 (b) 7
12 a 32 d 52 b 72 c
(c) 15 (d) 3
13 b 33 b 53 c 73 d
14 b 34 c 54 d 74 b
74. Consider Triangle ABC with AB = 6 cms, BC = 7 15 a 35 b 55 a 75 b
cms and CA = 8 cms. AD and AE are internal 16 c 36 d 56 b
and extenal bisectors of Angle A, what is AE2 + 17 b 37 b 57 c
AD2 ? 18 c 38 d 58 b
,d ΔABC ftlesa AB = 6 lseh BC = 7 lseh rFkk CA = 8 19 d 39 c 59 b
lseh gSA AD o AE, ∠A ds vUr% lef}Hkktd o cká 20 b 40 b 60 c
lef}Hkktd gS] rc AE2 + AD2 = ?
(a) 144 (b) 576
(c) 1296 (d) 2304 bu lHkh questions dk
Detailed Explanation
75. In a triangle ABC, the internal bisector of angle
A meets BC at D. If AB = 4, AC = 3 and ∠A = 600. tkuus ds fy,
Then the length of AD is : Download djsa
f=Hkqt ABC esa] dks.k A dk lef}Hkktd BC dks D ij feyrk
gSA ;fn AB = 4, AC = 3 and ∠A = 600 gS rks AD dh Our App :
yEckbZ Kkr djksA NEON CLASSES
12√3
(a) 2√3 (b) 7
(c) 15√3 (d) 6√3
8 7 Study Material
Geometry
Triangle Centres

SOLUTIONS x = 19 - y
y = 22 - z
1 fdlh Hkh triangle esa orthocentre, circumcentre
rFkk centroid ,d gh line (Euler line) ij fLFkr gksrs gSa  x = 19 - (22 - z) ;g value (i) esa j[kus ij
vr% buls dksbZ triangle ugh cusxkA 19 - (22 - z) + z = 23
vr% lgh answer option (d) 0  Z = 13.
2. Let the midpoint of BC = M 5. Extended sine rule ls]

a b c
AG = 2GM (D;ksafd G centroid gSA) SinA = SinB
= SinC
= 2R
∵ BM = CM = 1 AG (R = circumradius of  ABC)
2
 BM = CM = GM R= a
2SinA
vr% BGC esa]
a = b rFkk a + b + c = 25
A
c = 25 - 2a
a 25-2a
=
SinA SinC
∠A = 15°, ∠B = 15°  ∠C = 150°
G a 25-2a 1
Sin150 = Sin150 0 (Sin 1500 = Sin 300 = 2
)
a 25-2a
Sin150
= 1/2
B M C 50 Sin150 25
a= 1+4 Sin150
rFkk R = 1+4 Sin15 0
vr% B, C rFkk G bl triangle BGC ds circumcircle ij

 Area of circumcircle = R2
fLFkr points gSa rFkk BC bl circle dk diameter (O;kl)
25
gS vr% ∠BGC = 90
0
( )2 = 474 cm2
1+4 Sin150
Sin150 = sin (45 - 300)
3. G = ( 2+10+0 , 12+0+0 ) = (4, 4) = sin450. Cos300 -cos450. Sin300
3 3
Area of  AGB = 3 .  ABC
1
= 1 . 3 - 1  12
2 2 2
1 1
AGB = 3  ( 2 10  12) = 20. = 3 - 1 = .259
2 2
4. B
6. A
x x

E
0
138
z y 0
138
2
420
A z y C B D C
x + z = 23 ----(i) 3 + 1380 = 1800 2 = 280 rFkk  = 480

x + y = 19----(ii) ∠ABC = 2 +  = 280 + 480 = 760
z + y = 22 ----(iii)
1
M 2
7. A 10. C B
4 ft.
O. 1
O
D
x θ
B C A
 AMB ~  ABD
x 4
∠AOB : ∠BOC : ∠COA = 2 : 3 : 4 vr% 1 = 2  x = 2 feet.
2x + 3x + 4x = 3600
∠BOC = 3x = 1200 11. Symmetry ls]
Circumcentre ij cuk angle opposite vertex ij XY = AC rFkk XY || AC
cus angle dk double gksrk gSA XY  BP vr% BP  AC ------(i)
1
vr% ∠BAC = 2
 120= 600 AB = ZY rFkk AB  ZY
ZY  CP vr% CP AB-------(ii)
8. fdlh triangle dk orthocentre find djus ds fy, gesa 2 XZ = BC, XZ  AP  AP  BC-----(iii)
altitude lines gh required gksrh gSaA
(i), (ii) rFkk (iii) ls]
lcls igys ge vertex C ls side AB ij altitude find A
djrs gSa ;g altitude line x = 5 gSA
B ls AC ij altitude = line AC dh equation =
12
y= 5 x P
AC ds perpendicular line dh form

5
y = - 12 x + b
rFkk ;g line (14, 0) ls gksdj xqtjrh gS vr% altitude dh
5 35 C B
equation, y = - 12x + 6 vr% P, ABC dk orthocentre gSA
vr% bl altitude rFkk line x (x = 5) dk intersection
point = (5, 15 ) 12. Circumcentre O (a, b) ls ABC dh rhuksa vertices
4
vr% ;g point (5, 15 ) orthocentre dh location dh distance equal gksrh gSA
4
gksxhA
 AO = BO = CO
AO2 = BO2
9. PA2 + PB2 + PC2 = GA2 + GB2 + GC2 + 3PG2
(a - 1)2 + (b - 4)2 = (a + 2)2 + (b - 3)2
AB = 5, BC = 6, CA = 7
-2a + 1 8b + 16 = 4a + 4 6b + 9
AB2 + BC2 + CA2 = 3 (GA2 + GB2 + GC2)
3a + b = 2 -----------(1)
25 + 36 + 49 = 3 (GA2 + GB2 + GC2)
110 BO2 = CO2
= GA2 + GB2 + GC2
3
(a + 2)2 + (b - 3)2 = (a - 5)2 + (b - 2)2
70 = 110 + 3PG2
3 4a + 4 6b + 9 = -10a + 25 4b + 4
100 2
9
= PG 7a b = 8 ---------(2)
PG = 10 ans. (1) + (2) a = 1, b = -1
3
 circumcentre of ABC is O(1, -1)
2
13. (b) (1) + (2) + (3)
A
4a2 + 4b2 + 4c2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 9d2 + 9e2 + 9f2
3 2x 3 3 (a2 + b2 + c2) = 9 (d2 + e2 + f2)
2 2 2
 a +b +c = 3
2 2 2
d +e +f
x x 15. r = 2,
B C 1
⇨ R = 7 = ( 2 of hypotenuse)
x + x + 2x = 1800 Hypotenuse = 14
a+b-h
x = 450 r= 2
a+b-14
∠A = 2 × 45 = 90 ⇨2= 2
BC = 32 + 32 = 3 2 cm a + b - 14 = 4
Inradius (r) = 3+3-3
2
2
a + b = 18
3(2- 3)
= 2 a2 + b2 = 142
3 2
Circumradius (R) = 2 a2 + (18 - a)2 = 196
R 2- 2
r
= 2 = 2-1:1 a2 + 324 + a2 - 36a = 196
2a2 - 36a + 128 = 0
14. A a2 - 18a + 64 = 0
Now the 2 roots to this equation will
effectively be a, 18- a. Product of the roots = 64.
d 1
c F E b
Area = 2× product of roots (How? Come on, you
G can figure this out.)
e f = 32 sq. cms Answer choice (a)
B D C 16. (c) In OBF and OCE

A
BC = a, AC = b, AB = c
AG = d, BG = e, CG = f
e
GD = d , GE = 2 , GF = f F
2 E
2 2
O
ABC esa] Appolonious theorem ls] 3
AD as a median. B C
D
AB2 + AC2 = 2AD2 + 2CD2
a ∠OFB = ∠OEC = 90º
c2 + b2 = 2 (3 d)2 + 2 ( 2 )2
2 And ∠BOF = ∠BOC
2c2 + 2b2 = 9d2 + a2 -----------(1)
OBF = OCE
BE as a median,
Hence, OB OC
OF
= OE or,
AB2 + BC2 = 2BE2 + 2AE2 OB OC
3 b OF = OE
c2 + a2 = 2 (2 e)2 + 2 ( 2 )2
Or, OB × OE = OF × OC
2c2 + 2a2 = 9e2 + b2 -----------(2)
OF × OC = OB × OE
CF as a median,
= (BE - OE) (OE)
2a2 + 2b2 = 9f2 + c2 -----------(3)
= (5 - 2) × 2 = 6 cm²
3
3 a
17. A AR = 2 a- 3
3a-2a a
= 2 3 =2 3
1
AR = 3 AD.
D E 1
Radius of smaller circle = 3 radius of larger circle
1 a a
G Radius of smaller circle = 3  2 3
= 6 3
Area of smaller circle = πr2
a πa 2
B F H C π ( 6 3 )2 = 108
Let AD = DG = GH 3 2
Area of Δ = 4
a
1
AD = 3 AD πa 2 3 2
Ratio = 108 : 4 a
1
DE = 3 HC π : 27 3 . Answer choice (c)
1
Area of ADE = 18 ABC
Figure ls easily understood gS fd F dks left or
19. ABC ,d isosceles (lef)ckgq) triangle gS vr% blesa
right move djus ls right side esa T;knk area gks tk;sxk
I, O rFkk H co-linear gksaxsa vr% triangle ugh cusxk vr%
vr% figure esa nh xbZ F dh position minimum
area = 0.00
condition dks represent djrh gSA
1
Right side dk area half ls 18 de gS rFkk left side dk
area half ls T;knk gSA 1 1 20. Assuming a ≤ b ≤ c, we have a2 + b2 > c2.
9-1 8
vr% required ratio = 21 18
1 = 9+1 = 10 = 0.8 This implies the triangle with sides a, b, c has
2 18
to be acute-angled.
18. A Choice (B)
O 21. The lengths of sides are

P R Q (distance formula ls)
fdUgh nks points p (x1, y1) rFkk Q (x2, y2) ds e/; dh nwjh =
I
PQ = (x1 - x2)2 + (y1 - y2)2
B D C a = (14-5)2 + (12-0)2 = 15
a
In-radius of equilateral triangle of side a = 2 3
a b = (5-0) + (12-0)2 = 13
Diameter of larger circle = 2 3
Let us say common tangent PQ touches the c= (14-0)2 + (0-0) = 14
two circle at R, center of smaller circle is O. I= (
ax1+bx2+cx3 ay1+by2+cy3
, )
a+b+c a+b+c
Now, PQ is parallel to BC. AR is perpendicular
to PQ. Triangle PQA is also an equilateral I= ( 150+1314+145 , 150+130+1412 )
15+13+14 15+13+14
triangle and AORID is a straight line. (Try to
I = (6, 4).
establish each of these observations. Just to
maintain the rigour.)
3
AD = 2 a
a
RD =
3
4
22. the triangle has a balance point at centroid. 25. A A
.(17,4)
Find the centroid of the triangular coffee table.
Use the centroid formula
P R
( x +x +x , y +y +y )
1 2 3 1 2 3
0(0,0) O
3 3
The centroid of the triangle is
(3+5+7 , 6+2+10 ) or (5, 6) B Q C
3 3
F Let the point be A (3, 6), B (5, 2), C (7, 10). O is orthocenter of ΔPQR.
The midpoint D of BC is O and H are a single point..
(5+7 , 2+10) or (6, 6). Note that AD is a line that Equation of line AH.
2 2
connects the vertex A and D, the midpoint of = y-0 17
⇨ 4y = 17x ⇨ y = 17
x-0 = 4 4 x
BC. The distance from D (6, 6) to A (3, 6) is 6-3
or 3 units.
26. fdlh triangle ABC ds pedal triangle PQR ds
If P is the centroid of the triangle ABC, then AC
2 2 excentres original triangle ABC ds vertices ('kh"kZ
= 3 AD. So, the centroid is 3 (3) or 2 units to the
fcanw) gh gksrs gSa vr% area of ABC =
right of A. the coordinates of the centroid (P)
x1 x 2 x 3
are (3+2, 6) or (5, 6).
Answer (5, 6)
=2
1
[ y1 y2 y3
1 1 1
]
= [x1 (y2 -y3) - x2 (y1 -y3) + x3 (y1 - y2)]
20 4 13
[ ]
23. A
1
=2 8 12 1
1 1 1
1
= 2 [20 (12 - 1) - 4 (8 - 1) + 13 (8 - 12)]
15 cm 25 cm
1 1
G
= 2 [220 - 28 + (-52)] ⇨ = 2 [140] = 70 units2.
B C
18 cm
27. (c) A
AB² + AC² = 2 (AD² + BD²)

⇨ 225 + 625 = 2(AD² + 81) ⇨ AD² = 344 G
1
AD = 2 86 and ⇨ GD = 3 AD
2
⇨GD = 86 cm B C
3 D
AG = BC = 2x (let)
24. d12 = d12 = 2(a2 + b2)
GD = x (centriod divides median in 2 : 1)
484 + d22 = 2 (144 + 196)
Now in BDG, BD = GD = x
484 + d22 = 2 (340) = 680 ∠DBG = ∠BGD = θ, (let)
d22 = 196, d2 = 14 cm. Similarly in DGC, CD = GD = x
Perimeter = 2 (14 + 12) = 52 cm. ∠DCG = ∠DGC = θ, (let)
s = 22+14+12
2
= 24 A D ∠BGC = θ1 + θ2
area = 2 24×2×10×12 Now in DBGC = θ1+θ2+Now, (θ1+θ2+θ1+θ2) = 180°
12 ⇨θ1 + θ2 = 90°
= 48 10 cm2
⇨ ∠BGC + 90°
B 14 C
5
28. ABC ,d isosceles triangle gS vr% BD AC 30. Let radii of each circle be 'a'.
BED ~ DEC (Neon triangle) Distance PQ = 2a.
BD ED
 DC = EC Let radii of each circle be 'a'.
DFB rFkk CEA esa] Distance PQ = 2a.
∠FDB = 900 - ∠DBC = ∠ECA Draw PM perpendicular to AB.
DB DB ED 2ED DF ∠MAP = 30°
rFkk CA
= 2DC = 2EC
= 2EC
= CE
A
By SAS
DFB ~ CEA
vr% ∠DAG = ∠DBG M
P
vr% BGDA ,d cyclic quadrilateral (pdzh; prqHkqZt) gS
vr%
∠BGA = ∠BDA = 900
Q R
FF bl question dks co-ordinate geometry ls Hkh
solve dj ldrs gSa& B C
3
0 MP = a. AM = a
;gka ∠B = 123 dh condition irrelevant gSA
AB = 2a + 2a√3
A = (-b, 0)
After this we are done.
B = (0, a)
Area of circle = πa2
C = (b, 0) 3 2
Area of equilateral triangle = 4  (2a + 2a√3)
D = (0, 0)
r Area of circle = πa2
vr% E = (r, s) rFkk F = ( 2, s )
2 3 2
Area of equilateral triangle = 4  (2a + 2a√3)
ar + bs = ab (E, BC ij fLFkr gSA)
= a2(6 + 4√3)
as = br (DE  BC)
2 Ratio = π : (6 + 4√3)
r= a b
a2+b2
ab2
s = a2+b2 31. A
s-2a
r
4
vRk% s = -1
r+b
D
vr% BF rFkk AE nksuks perpendicular gS vr%
∠BGA = 900. 9
29. (b) The circumcenter of a triangle is the

C B
intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of
the sides of the triangle. The slope of AB is 2 ,
1 CD2 = AD  BD
and its midpoint is (-7, 6). The equation of the CD2 = 4  9
perpendicular bisector to AB is y = -2x -8. The CD = 6cm.
slope of AC is -1, and its midpoint is (-4, -3). Area of ABC= AB  CD
The equation of the perpendicular bisector of 1
= 2  13  6 = 39 cm2
AC is y = x + 1. The intersection of y = -2x -8 and
y = x + 1 is (-3, -2).
6
1
32. Area of ABC = 2 BC × AD 35. Smallest angle is opposite to smallest side. By
1 1 Apollonius theorm.
= 2 AC × BE = 2 AB × CF
1 1 1 AD = 2AB +2AC -BC
2 2 2
 AB : BC : AC = CF : AD : BE 4
1 1 1
= 3: 1: 2= 2 : 6 : 3 = 32+50-4 + 78
4 4
AD = 39
33. A 2
36. According to the question.

1 In right angle ∆COD,
D E
OC² + OD² = CD²
1 361
4x² + y² = 4
B C In right angle ∆BOE,
area of ADE = 1, OB² + OE² = BE²
area of ABC = 2 X² + 4y² = 121
area of ADE 2 Add Both Eq (i) & (ii)
area of ADE =1
2
5x² + 5y² = + 121
side of ADE (AB)
= side of ADE (AD) 2
169
x² + y² = 4
2 AB
By square root 1 = AD In right angle ∆BOC,
DB = AB - AD OB² + OC² = BC²
= 2 -1 4y² + 4x² = BC²
4(y² + x²) = BC²
DB : AB = ( 2 - 1) : 2
From Eq. (iii)
BC² = 169
34. Since angle subtened at the centre of the
circle is double the angle subtened at BC = 13
circumference. Alternate:
∠BOC = 500 × 2 = 1000 In this type of question we use direct formula.
 OB = OC 5BC² = AB² + AC²
2 2
∠BOC = ∠OCB BC = AB +AC

5
0 0
= 180 -100 = 40° = (22)2+(19)2

2 5
In ∆BPC,
484+261
=
∠BPC + ∠PBC + ∠OCB = 180° 5
845
Or, ∠BPC + × 40° + × 40° = 180° = 5 = 169 = 13 cm
∠PC = 180° - 20° ∆ 20° = 140°
Alternate:
∠BOC 100°
∠BPC = 90° = 2 = 90° +A = 90° 25 = 140°
7
37. (b) Medians AD and BE intersect at G on 900 39. (c) A
i.e. ∠AGB = 900 and ∆AGB will be a right angled 2

triangle We know, In a triangle centroid
F 1 E
divides the medians in 2 : 1 Ratio. G 1
A
2
1 2
B D C
E
12 40. A
0
9
90
D E
B D C G
2
⇨ Then BG = 3 × BE
2
BG = 3 × 12 B C
BG = 8 aF
2
⇨ AG = 3 × AD Inradius of ΔABC = 9
2 3
⇨ AG = 6 cm. 9
diameter of bigger circle =
In right angled triangle AB will be a 3
3
hypotenuse Using pythgoras theorem Median of ΔABC = 2
a A
⇨ (AB)² = (AG)² + (BG)² AG = AF - GF = 3
a-
a
=
a
2 3 2 3 300
⇨ (AB)² = 6² + 8²
⇨ AB = 10cm AO = 2r
2r
Therefore, length of AB = 10 cm. AG = AO + OG r
AG = 2r + r = 3r O
38. Solution: According to the question. r = AG =6

a G
3 3
By using this formula. 2
Area of shaded Region = r ×√3r = - πr

3
We can calculate the area of π
= r2 [√3 - 3 ]
∆ABC
a π
4 = ( 6 3 )3 [√3 - 3 ]
Area of ∆ABC = 3 S (S-a) (S-b) (S-c)
36 π
Here, a, b & c are the length of the median. = 36×3 [√3 - 3 ]
a+b+c 8+6+10
S= = 2 = 12 π
2 = 1 [√3 - 3 ]
4 3
Area = 3 12 (12-6) (12-8) (12-10)
4 Area of shaded Region - II
= 3 12×6×4×2
4 Q
= 3 × 24 = 32 cm2
Alternate: R
S
2 2 P
When m 1 + m 3 then T
O
2
Area of triangle = 3
× m1 m2 B
2
= 3 × 6 × 8 = 32 cm²
8
Area of shaded Region = Ar of Δ BPQ- Ar of Δ 42. (d) The area of a triangle is given by the
1
BOS - Ar of sector QTP - Ar of sector SOT formula A= 2 absin (θ).
In ΔBPQ In ΔBOS Substituting the given information, 750=
1
PQ = R OS = r 2
(48) (52)sin (θ). Solving this
BQ = √3 R Br = √3 r equation for Q yields that Q = 37° or 143°. If
m∠Q = 37°, then ∠E would be the largest angle
R 3
and = of the triangle, and that measure, found using
r 1
1 πR2 πR2 the Law of Cosines, would be 78°, less than
Region - II = ×R×√3R - 12 × R3 × √3
R
- 6
- 27
2 143°.
1 π π
= R2 [ 23 - 6 - - ]
3 6 27
2
43. (c)
=R 2
[ 27√3-3√3-9π-π ] A
54
900 -x
=R 2
[ 24√3-11π ]
54
O
4 11π
= R2 [ - 54
]
3 3 1800 -2c
x x
B C
R = √3
4 11π
= 3 [ 3 3- 54
]
(In ∆ BOC)
= 4
-
11π OB = OC (circum radius)
√3 18
∠OBC = ∠OCB = x (Let)
41. Radius of circumcircle of  ABD = Then,
0
d ⇨∠BOC = 180 - 2x
= 12.5 -----(1) (d1 = diagonal DB)
1
2SinA
∠BOC 180-2X
Radius of circumcirlce of ACD = ⇨∠BAC = 2
= 2
d
= 25------(2) (d2 = diagonal AC)
2
⇨∠BAC = 90 - x
2Sin (1800-A)
0 0
(2) ÷ (1) ⇨∠OBC + ∠BAC = 90 x + x = 90
d2 =2  d2 = 2d1 --------(3)
d1 44. Case I:
Area of rhombus = 1 d1.d2
2 Let x be the side opposite the angle.
abc
ACDdk area = 4R A
(a = b = s leprqHkqZt dh Hkqtk)
(c = d2 leprqHkqZt dk fod.kZ)
1 8 cm
rhombus dh Hkqtk S = 2 d12 + d22 x
2 1 2 2
s =4 (d + d )
1 2 1
2 (d12 + d22) .d2
  ACD dk area = s .d = 4 2
4R 4 (25)
Rhombus dk area = 2  ACD dk area 600
(d12 + d22) .d2
= 12 d1+ d2 = 2 [ ] B 9 cm C
1625 By cosine rule, x2 = 82 + 92 -289cos 60
20d1 = d22 (d2 = 2d1)  d1=20 rFkk d2= 40
x2 = 145 - 72 = 73
 area of rhombus = 400.
or x = √73
9
AQ
Case II: From ∆AQD, ⇨ Sin 60° = AD
Let 9 cm be the side opposite the angle. 3 b 2b
2 = AD ⇨ AD = 3
A
AP
From ∆APD ⇨ Sin 75° = AD
0
60
8 cm
x
47. (B) By pyahagoras theorem
PF = PQ2+QR2 = 52+122 = 13 cm.
O is the centriod ⇨ QM is median and M is the
B 9 cm C midpoint of PR.
By cosine rule, 92 = 82 + x2 - 28xcos60  QM = PM = 2
13
17 = x2 - 8x ⇨ x2 - 8x - 17 = 0 Centriod divides median in ratio 2 : 1

or x = (8 +- √(64+68)) / 2 2
 OQ = 3 QM
= 4 +- √33 ⇨ Only 4 + √33 1 13 13 1
=2 × 2
=3 = 43 cm.
Case III:
Let 8 cm be the side opposite the angle. 48. E is the midpoint of hypotenuse AC so, BE =
A 1
3
 AC=50 cm
Now, applying Apollonius's theorem on ΔABE
8 cm
x ⇒ AB2 + BE2 = 2 x (BD2 + AD2)
⇒ AB2 + 502 = 2 x (BD2 + 252)……….(1) (As, AD =
DE = EF = FC = 25 cm)
600 Similarly, in ΔBEC,
B 9 cm C ⇒ BC2 + BE2 = 2 x (BF2 + EF2)
By cosine rule, 82 = 92 + x2 -29xcos 60 ⇒ BC2 + 502 = 2 x (BF2 + 252)………..(2)
-17 = x2 - 9x ⇨ x2 - 9x + 17 = 0 Adding (1) and (2),
or x = (9 +- √(81−68)) / 2 ⇒ AB2 + BC2 + 2  502 = 2  (BD2 + BF2 + 2  252)
= 4.5 +- (√13)/2 ⇨ =4.5 +- √3.25 ⇒ AC2 + 2  502 = 2  (BD2 + BF2) + 4  252 (As,
AB2 + BC2 = AC2)
45. The triangle has a balance point at centroid. ⇒ 1002 + 2  502 -502 = 2  (BD2 + BF2)
Find the centroid of the picture.
⇒ 1002+ 502 = 2  (BD2 + BF2)
Use the centroid formula 10,000+2,500
(x +x +x , y +y +y )
1 2 3 1 2 3
⇒ 2
= BD2+BF2=6250
3 3
The centroid of the triangle is ⇒ BD2 + BF2 + BE2 = 6250 + 502 = 6250 + 2500 =
(0+3+6 ,8+0+4 ) = (3,4) Ans. 8750 cm2
3 3
-4-2 -6 -1
46. According to the question 49. (c) The slope of AB is 3-(-9) = 12 = 2 .
∆ABC is a isosceles triangle The slope of the perpendicular line is 2. The
midpoint of AB is (-3,-1), so the equation of the
So, ∠B = 90°, ∠C = ∠A = 45°
perpendicular bisector is y + 1 = 2(x + 3).
In ∆AQD ∠DAC = ∠BAC - ∠BAD = 45 - 15 = 30°
And ∠QDA = 180° - (90 + 30) = 60°
10
50. A 51. The slope of AB is 7 - 3 = 4 = 2.
-1 + 3 2 1
So, the slope of the altitude, which is
1
perpendicular to AB is - 2. Now, the equation of
the altitude from C to AB is
y - 3 = - 12 (x - 3)
y - 3 = - 12 x + 32
y -3 + 3 = - 12 x + 32 +3
C
B
y=- 1x+ 9
A 2 2
use the same method to find the equation of
the altitude from A to BC. That is
r√3
y - 3 = 1(x + 3) or y = x + 6.
E D Solve the equations to find the intersection
r point of the altitudes.
O
x + 6 = - 1x + 9
2 2
1 2(x + 6) = 2 (- 1 x + 9 )
2 2
Area of ∆AOD = 2 × OD ×AD 2x + 12 = -x + 9
1
= 2 × r ×r √3 2x - x + 12 = -x - x + 9
= 3 2
r x + 12 = 9
2
Area of shaded Region = Ar of ⧠AEOD - Ar of x + 12 - 12 = 9 - 12
sector EOD 3x = -3
3 r2] - πr
2
x = -1
=2[ 2 3 y = (-1) + 6 = 5.
πr2
= √3r2 -
3 So, the coordinates of the orthocenter of ∆ABC
π
= r2[√3- 3 is (-1, 5).
Area shaded Region - II B
(-1, 7) y = x+6
x
P 2r T Q
r r (-1, 5)
R S (3, 3)
(-3, 3)
Area of shaded Region A C

1 1
= Area of PQRS = area of sector 2 2
Answer : (-1, 5)
PRT - Area of sector QST
π 2 πr2
= 2r×r - 4
r - 4 52. (c) The centroid is the intersection of the
π
2
= 2r - 4 r
2
medians of the triangle. The median from Q to
π RS is also the altitude to RS. Use the
r2 [2 - 2 ]
Pythagorean Theorem to show that this
altitude has length 602-152 = 15√15. The
2
centroid lies 3 of the way along the median, so
11
T is 5√15 units from RS. ⇒ PR + RT + PT = PT + TQ + PQ
∆RST, ∆QST, and ∆QRT are all equal in area. ⇒ PR + RT = QT + PQ
1
The area of ∆RST is 2 (5√15) (30) = 75√15. Since, PQ > PR (PQ is hypotenuse)
1
The area of ∆QRT = 2 (h)(60) = 30h = 75√15 ⇒ RT > OT
75 5 QT
So, h = 30 √15 = 2 √15 ⇒ TR > 1
Also, given PT = 3 so RT <3 (PT is hypotenuse)
Since, RT+ TQ = 4, when RT = 3, TQ = 1
53. According to question.
But Since RT <3
According to figure, when two medians QT 1
intersect each other in a right angled triangle ∴ TR > 3
then we use, this equation.
⇨ 4 (BL² + CM²) = 5BC² 56. Since CE and AD are medians, the intersect at
3 5
⇨ 4 × 2 + 4CM² = 5BC² the centroid of the triangle. Let P be the
centroid, the intersection point of the
45 + 4CM² = 125 2
125-45 medians. By the Centroid Theorem, CP = 3 CE.
CM² = 4 =20 That is, CP = 6 and PE = 9 - 6 =3. Because AD⟘
CM = 2 5 cm. CE, then two right triangles are formed, ∆APE
and ∆APC. Using the converse of the
54. A Pythagorean Theorem, we can find the lengths
600
of AP and then CA, as shown below
In the right triangle APE,
AP = 52 - 32
I = 25 - 9
700
500 =4
350 250
B C
A + B + C = 180 in a triangle 57. This is an isosceles triangle. So, let us find the
Hence C = 180 - 130 = 50° altitude to BC first.
Incenter is the meeting point of angle A
bisectors. BIC will form a triangle.

In this triangle B = 35, C = 25
20 20
Hence BIC or I = 180 - (35 + 25) = 120°
55. n the given figure

P
B D 30 C
Altitude to BC bisects BC as ADB and ADC

3 are congruent.
{RHS congruence; AD is common, AB = AC}
DC = 15
R T Q AD2 + DC2 = AC2
4
Given P (∆PRT) = P (∆PTQ) AD2 + 152 = 202
12
A
AD2 = 400 - 225 60.
4u
AD2 = 175
nit
s
s
nit
D E
8u
AD = 5√7 G
1
Area of the triangle = 2  base  height
1 1
= 2  BC  AD or 2  AC  (altitude to AC, say, h) B C
1 1 ⧠DECB is a cyclic quadrilateral.
= 2  30  5√7 = 2  (20 x h)
3 ∠ADE = ∠ACB
h = 2  5√7
= 7.5√7 Answer choice (c). ∠AED = ∠ABC
Therefore, ∆ADE is similar to ∆ACB.
Area of ∆ADE 2 4 1
58. Given: AC = DC  Area of ∆ACB = ( 8 ) = 4
4x - 3 = 2x + 9 3
Ratio of area of ⧠DECB to area of ∆ABC = 4
4x - 2x - 3 = 2x - 2x + 9
2x - 3 = 9 61. According to the question.
2x - 3 + 3 = 9 + 3
2x = 12
X=6
Substitute 6 for x in m ∠ECA.
m ∠ECA = 15x + 2
= 15(6) + 2
= 92. Given: ∠B = 60°
EC is not an altitude of ∆AED because m ∠ECA ∠C = 40°
= 92.
As we know that
Ans. m ∠ECD = 880.
∠A +∠B + 60° + ∠C = 180°
50
∠A = 180° - 60° - ∠40°
59. ∠ZOY = ∠BOC = 90 + 2 = 1150
∠A = 80°
(Property 2) 80 0
∠BAD = 2 = 400
in ∆ZOY,
In ∆AEB
∠BYZ = 180 - (30+115) = 350
∠A + ∠B + ∠E = 1800
A
∠A = 1800 - 600 - ∠1800
∠A = 300
y
Then,
∠DAE = ∠DAB - ∠EAB
z
= 40 - 30
Alternate:
0 0
∠ B - ∠C 60 -40
∠DAE = = 2 = 100
B C 2
13
62. The sides measure 24 cm, 26 cm and 10 cm. In ∆AOC
10, 24, 26 is a Pythagorean triple! We known OC = OA (Circum Radius)
So it is a right angled triangle we are talking ∠OAC = ∠OCA
about. ∠OAC + ∠OCA + ∠COA = 180°
Draw the perpendicular bisectors to get the 2 ∠OAC = 180° - 40°
circumcenter. Orthocenter is the point where
2∠OAC = 140°
all altitudes meet. In a right angled triangle it
∠OAC = 70°
is the vertex that makes 900 angle.
65. According to question

Given: ∠PQS= 600
∠QCR= 1300
C
24 cm
1
∠QPR = 2 ∠QCR
1
26
∠QCR × 2 ×1300 = 650

cm
Now,
∠PQS + ∠PQS + ∠QPS = 1800
O 10 cm 600 + 900 + ∠QPS = 180º
Now it is easy to find OC! It is the length of the ∠QPS = 300
diagonal of the rectangle formed. ∠RPS = ∠QPR - ∠QPS
Length = 12 cm, breadth = 5 cm = 650 - 300
Diagonal = √(122+52) = 13 ∠RPS = 350
1 1
63. With SSS information, use the Law of Cosines 66. ad = 1 be = 2cf = 15
2 2
to determine the measure of the largest angle d = 30 , e = 30 , f =
30
a cb
(which is located opposite the longest side).
de + ef + fd = 900 ( 1 + 1
+1)
342 = 252 + 292 − 2 (25) (29) cos (θ). 2 (25) (29) ab bc ca
cos(θ) = 252 + 292 − 342, ∴m+n = 1200 + 17 = 1217.
252+292-342
so that cos θ = 2 (25) (29)
31
or cos θ = 145 67. Observe that ΔXYZ is a right - angled triangle
θ = 77.7°. because 63, 16 and 65 form a Pythagorean
triplet.
1 1
64. According to the question Given. Then, ( 2)  XP  65 = ( 2)  63  16
∠BAC = 85º ⇒ XP = 15.5 (approximately)
∠BCA = 75º
A
∠OAC = ? 68.
In ∆ABC
∠ABC + ∠BAC + ∠CAB = 180º P Q
∠ABC = ∠0º
O
∠COA = 2 × 20 = 40°
B C
14
Here side of the equilateral triangle is 60m. In 71. A
the equilateral triangle, PQ || BC because P and
Q are the mid points of sides AB and AC.
b
D E
So, BC = 2PQ ⇒ PQ = 30 m c
3
Now AE = 2  60 = 30√3m.
a
B C
'O' is the centroid, So AO : OE = 2 ; 1. F
Since b + ∠EDF = a + B
OE = 10 √3 m and AO = 20 √3
1 {Sum of two internal angles of a triangle is
AF = 2 AE = 15 √3 and FO = AO - AF = 5 √3m equal to third exterior angle}
1
therefore area of ΔPQO = 2
 PQ  FO So b + 600 = a + B ....(i)
= 12 305√3 = 75√3m2 Similarly,
a + ∠DEF = c + C
So a + 600 = c + C ...(ii)
69. Extend AC to meet BD at the point E. It can be
clearly understood that triangle ABC is Subtracting equation (ii) from (i),
congruent to the triangle ADC. (b + 60) - (a + 60) = (a + B) - (c + C)
A (b - a) = (a - c)
(∵B = C) (because is isosceles triangle)
450 45
0
∴2a = b + c or
6 6 a= 2
b+c
C
5 5
72. A
B E D
Also, in the right angle triangle BAD, AE = BE = ED.
Q
P
Therefore, AE = Be = 6cos450 = 3√2 units G
2 2
CE = BC - BE = 25 - 18 = √7 units
Therefore, AC = AE - CE = 3 √2 - √7 units B
E D C
Hence, option (3) is the correct choice.
Minimum distance between A and BC is the
perpendicular distance. If ⟘ AE BC, it passes
70. ΔGBE ∽ ΔBFC through G and AE = 10 cm.
Area of (ΔGDC) 1
[∵ CF || GE ] Area of (ΔABC)
=2
∵BF = 8  15 = 85 8 But Area of (ΔGDC) = Area of (ΔGDB)
5 Area of (ΔGDC) 2
and ΔBFD ∽ ΔBAE ⇨ AB = 5  2
=4 ⇒ =
Area of (ΔABC) 5
5
Area of ΔGBE = 2 sinθ 1
×BC×GE
or 2
1
=2
Area of ΔABE = 10 sinθ ×BC×AE 5
2
[∠GBE = ∠ABE = θ] ⇒ GE = 2
AE 5
DGBE 1 2
 DABE = 4 ⇒ GE = 5 ×10 = 4 cm
Now in ΔCPB
15
AB BD BE
∠CPB = 900 = = {Angle Bisector Theorem for both
AC DC EC
∠ PBC = 600 ⇒ ∠BCP = 300 internal and external bisectors}
So in right angled ΔGEC, AB 6 3
= =
AC 8 4
GE = 4 cm and ∠ECG = 300 ⇒ GC = 8 cm BD 3
=
DC 4
{BC=7; Since, BC=BD+DC ⇒BD=3, CD=4}
BD = 3, Dc = 4
73. A BE BE BE 3
x x = =
EC BE+BC BE+7 4
=
D r F
r
4 BE = 3 BE + 21 ⇒ BE = 21
x+2 O x-2
Coming to the angles,
r Now ∠BAE = ∠ BAF
C
B x+2 E x-2 ∠DAB = ∠BAC ⇒ ∠BAC + ∠BAF = 1800
1 1
Let, side AC = (2x - 2) cm ∠BAE + ∠DAB = 2 ∠BAF + ∠BAC = 2 ×180 = 900
Side CB = (2x) cm BAE + ∠DAB = ∠DAE = 900
Side BA = (2x + 2) cm, where x is a natural AE2 + DA2 = 242
number greater than 1. { ED = EB + BD = 21+3= 24}
We know that Area of
ΔABC = Area (ΔOBC +ΔOAC+ΔOAB) 75. Let Bc = x and AD = y
1
= 2 r {(2x - 2) + (2x) + 2x + 2} As per bisector theorem , BD AB = 4
=
DC AC 3
= (3rx) 4x 3x
Hence, BD = 7
; Dc = 7
Also, semiperimeter
(2x-2)+(2x)+(2x+2) In triangle ABD,
S= 16x2
2 (4)2+y2-
cos30 = 0 49
Area of ΔABC = 3x(x+2)(x)(x-2) = 3rx 2×4×y
(x+2)(x)(x-2) ⇒ 2×4 × y × 3 = 16 = y2 -
⇒ 3x 2 2
⇒ 4 3y = 16 + y2 - 16x .......(i)
⇒(x2 - 4) = 3r2 49
⇒ x2 = 3r2 + 4 ....(i) Similarly from triangle ADc,
2
9x
For x to be a natural number (3r2 + 4) has to be 9+y2- 9x2
cos30 = 0 49 ⇒3 3y = 9 + y2 - .....(ii)
2×3×y 49
a perfect square.
Now, subtracting equation (i) × 9 from
Only option (4) does not make x a natural
equation (ii) × 16
number Hence, option (4) is the correct
12 3
choice. 36 3y = 9y2 - 16y2 ⇒ y = 7
Alternately
74. F
1
∆ABD = 2 × 4 × y sin 300 = 44 y
1 3
A ∆ADC= 2 × 3 × y sin300 = 4 y
7
∴ ∆ABC = 4 y
8
6 Again area of ABC
1 2 3
= 2 × 4 × 3 × sin600 = 2×2
E B C
D 12 3 12 3
7 ∴7 y = 7 ⇒y= 7
4
16
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fdlh triangle ds rhuksa altitudes (ÅapkbZ;ksa) dk Alice

FAE = BAC 3 9 1 105

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 Orthic triangle 4. Orthic triangle dsoy acute angled triangles esa gh

(i) R Sin2A = a Cos A O Circumcentre

(iii) R Sin 2C = c Cos C B D C

vr% orthic triangle dh perimeter =

nwjh ds e/; fcanqvksa ls Hkh xqtjrk gSA ;g bl triangle dk

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 Orthocentric System ADB esa

F fdlh triangle ABC esa altitudes dk vuqikr %&

Orthocentre, altitudes dks ftu nks lengths esa

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I Proof : AF = AE (fdlh ckº; fcUnw A ls circle ij [khaps

Area of ABC Note :

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BD2 = (AB x BC) - (AD x DC)

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 Exterior Angle bisector theorem (ckádks.k AE = AF = s - a, BD = BF = s - b, CD = CE = s - c

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P N (7) Apollonius Theorem :

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c= 2. 2m12 + 2m22 - m32 AC = 2PM, AC2 = 4PM2

4 (AM2 + CP2) = 5 (4PM)2

Area of ABC Right angled triangle ds fy, circumcentre

(ii) 4 (AM2 + CP2 )= 5AC2 3

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Centroid, median dks 2 : 1 esa divide djrk gS vr%

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;fn ABC dks co-ordinate

C vr% C ls centroid G dh nwjh

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 Medial triangle - fdlh triangle ds mid F A

points dks feykus ls cuus okyk triangle medial

• Area PGM = Area MGN = Area NGP Proof :

Area GCB = 13 Area ABC

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fdlh Hkqtk }kjk circumcentre ij cuk;k x;k angle bl

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F The Cosine formula : a

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vr% FDB = 600 FDA = 600 - 450 = 150

vr% FAD ,d isosceles triangle (lef)ckgq) gSA 8

vr% BAD = FAB - FAD = 450 - 150 = 300 a = 12.Sin101.4 = 15.7

;g triangle ACB gSA

vr% side BC dh nks values possible gS&

A c=8 B Application of properties of circumcentre

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3a2 = 3cos60 (sin60)2 BAD = z

Area = R2 =  8  a+ b = 9  y° = x 2+z  2y° = x° + z°

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H (Largest angle ds ihNs dh rjQ)

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