Conjunctions 2

Conjunctions
A conjunction is a word that two sentences together

Example:
because, and, so or but.
Example Sentences:
 She is tall and beautiful.

 We were hungry, so we ordered a large pizza.
 I like to play golf but not when it is hot.
 Mary went home early because she was not well.
Drugs
Drugs must be measured correctly so that the patient has exactly the right dose. Slightly too much or
too little may make an important difference. Children are often given exactly the same drugs as given to
adults, but in considerably smaller doses. There are several different ways of calculation children’s
dosages, according to the weight of the child, for example is the young’s rule:
Children’s dose = age of child (years) x adult dose
(age + 12 )
For infants, we can use Fried’s rule:
Infant’s dose = age (months) x adult dose
150
In general the following rules can be used:
Children under one year old are given 1/24 of the adult dose.
Children of one year are given 1/12 of the adult dose.
At 21/2 years, they can take 1/8 of the adult dose.
At 5 years, they can take ¼ of the adult dose.
At ten years, ½ of the adult dose is given.
At 20 years, the adult dose is given.
B. Vocabulary
Say whether these statements are true or false. Correct the false statement.
1. The patient must be given approximately the correct dose. ( T )

2. Children are given considerably smaller doses than given to the adult. ( T )
3. Fried’s rule can be used to calculate how large a dose should be given to baby.(T)
4. A five year old child must take a slightly smaller dose than an adult do. ( T )
5. A ten year old child can take a considerable large dose than a baby. ( F )
FUNCTIONAL SKILLS
A. Understanding Grammar of English
Part of Speech 6:
Conjunctions
Conjunctions are words or phrases which are used to combine nouns, adjective, adverb, verb. They can
also be used to show something:
1. Addition (and)
e.g. Her mother cooked meal and served it.
The rich man invited him for lunch and gave him some money.
2. Continuation (and then)
e.g. My sister cooked the dinner and then served it on the table.
3. Choice (or)
e.g. you can use this room or that one.
He my come to see me in the office today or the day after tomorrow.
4. Result (so)
e.g. father couldn’t get a taxi, so he took a bus.
I couldn’t get a ticket, so I cancel my departure.
5. Reason (for)
e.g. We decided to stay in a hotel, for we could afford.
He didn’t join his friends, for he didn’t have enough money to go.
6. Contrast but/yet
e.g. I had explained the lesson twice, yet/but he didn’t understand.
I offered him to join us, but/yet he refused my offer.
Correlative conjunction are words or phrases that are used together and usually to express an
exception. Correlative conjunction must be followed by parallel structure.
1. Correlative conjunction (inclusive) bolt ____and____.
Subjects + verbs + both + (now, adjective, verb, adverb) + and (noun , adjective, verb, adverb)
e.g. Neny plays the piano and the guitar.
Jeny excels both in physics and Mathematics.
2. Correlative conjunction both____ as well as ____. It must be used in sequence to take

part two or three structures (noun, adjective, adverb, and verb).
The pattern:
Subject + verb + both + (noun, adjective, verb, adverb) + and (noun, adjective, verb,
adverb) + as well as + (noun, adjective, verb, adverb).
e.g. My girlfriend is both attractive, intelligent as well as polite.
We will keep in touch by writing and calling as well as visiting each other
3. Correlative conjunction not only ___but also____
Not only is correlative conjunction which is used to take part two structures of noun, adjective,
adverb, and verb.
The pattern:
Subject + verb + not only + (noun, adjective, verb, adverb) + but also + (noun, adjective, verb,
adverb).
e.g. He writes not only neatly but also correctly.
Bobby is not only talented but also handsome.
B. Understanding Verbal of English
Expressing Obligation and Necessity
Pay attention to the following dialogue!
Situation : Mr. Shatner is giving an oral test in astronomy to his student, Dony.
Mr. Shatner : “Well, Dony. Let’s start the test. Are you ready?”
Dony : “yes, sir.”
Mr. Shatner : “What do we call the space objects that revolve around the sun?”
Dony : “Um… start.”
Mr. shatner : “No, you are wrong.”
Dony : “perhaps satellites.”

Mr. shatner : “No, We call them a planets. Is the moon a planet, too?”
Dony : “Um… yes, It is a planet.”
Mr. Shatner : “No, you are wrong. It is a satellite. Now, what is a comet?”
Dony : “Um… It is a planet.”
Mr. Shatner : “Oh… no. It is not a planet. How many planets are there in our solar system?”
Dony : “I think, eleven, sir.”
Mr. Shatner : “No, there are nine only. Dony, I won’t ask you any question anymore. None of your
answer is correct. You didn’t prepare anything for the test, did you?”
Dony : “No, I didn’t.”
Mr. Shatner : “Dony, if you have a test you have to prepare everything for it.
You should study harder. Do you usually study at home?”
Dony : “Never.”
Mr. Shatner : “That’s not good. You must study at home. It is necessary to study all day long. You
don’t need to study the whole lesson at a time.”
Dony : “how should I study at home?”
Mr. Shatner : “you ought to study together with your friends. You can discuss the problems with
them.”
Dony : “Yes, sir. I promise I will study at home.”
Mr. Shatner : “Good. You must keep your promise.”
Dony : “Yes, I will, sir.”
Answer the following questions!
1. How many questions does Dony have to answer in the test?

2. Can Dony answer all the questions?
3. Why do you think Dony fails in the test?
4. What should he do at home?
5. Mention the expression that show the things Dony has to do in the dialog above!
6. There are also the expressions that show the things Dony doesn’t have to do.
Study the following expression :
Obligation
 You have to prepare everything for it.

 You must study at home.
 You should study harder.
 You ought to study together with a friend.
Necessity/Unnecessity
 It is not necessary to study all day long.

 You don’t need to study the whole lesson.
 The team needn’t practice every day.
 If necessary I will go.
 You don’t have to work overtime.
WRITING ACTIVITY
Create your own sentence (s) expressing obligation and necessity/necessity, then practice them with
partner. Try to make sentences which contain Nursing Expression/Terms.
The answer by the activity.
Situation : Mr. Saddang want to giving a oral test about nursing to his student, Umar.
Mr.Saddang : “Ok,Umar. Today, I want to give you a oral test. I hope you are ready to test. Are
you ready?”
Umar : “Yes, Sir. I am ready.”
Mr.Saddang : “What are you tell me about forms by cell?”
Umar : “Cell forms that is kokus bacillus, spirilum and filament.”
Mr. Saddang : “Good. Next. Why about elementary structure of bacterium?”
Umar : “Elementary structure of bacterium is cell wall, plasma membrane,
Sitoplasma, and granula ribosom.”
Mr. Saddang : “ Ok. Great. Ono, you must to maintain what you have now. Don’t forget to learn
hardly at home so that you remain to bright. I pride of you. And you can out now.”
Umar : “ Thank you, Sir. I wil to study hardly”

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Conjunctions

A conjunction is a word that two sentences together

 She is tall and beautiful.

Children’s dose = age of child (years) x adult dose

For infants, we can use Fried’s rule:

Infant’s dose = age (months) x adult dose

Children of one year are given 1/12 of the adult dose.

At 21/2 years, they can take 1/8 of the adult dose.

At 5 years, they can take ¼ of the adult dose.

At ten years, ½ of the adult dose is given.

At 20 years, the adult dose is given.

1. The patient must be given approximately the correct dose. ( T )

A. Understanding Grammar of English

1. Correlative conjunction (inclusive) bolt ____and____.

e.g. Neny plays the piano and the guitar.

Jeny excels both in physics and Mathematics.

2. Correlative conjunction both____ as well as ____. It must be used in sequence to take

e.g. He writes not only neatly but also correctly.

Bobby is not only talented but also handsome.

B. Understanding Verbal of English

Expressing Obligation and Necessity

Pay attention to the following dialogue!

Dony : “yes, sir.”

Dony : “Um… start.”

Mr. shatner : “No, you are wrong.”

Dony : “perhaps satellites.”

Dony : “Um… yes, It is a planet.”

Dony : “Um… It is a planet.”

Dony : “I think, eleven, sir.”

Dony : “No, I didn’t.”

You should study harder. Do you usually study at home?”

Dony : “how should I study at home?”

Dony : “Yes, sir. I promise I will study at home.”

Mr. Shatner : “Good. You must keep your promise.”

Dony : “Yes, I will, sir.”

Answer the following questions!

1. How many questions does Dony have to answer in the test?

Study the following expression :

 You have to prepare everything for it.

 It is not necessary to study all day long.

The answer by the activity.

Umar : “Yes, Sir. I am ready.”

Mr.Saddang : “What are you tell me about forms by cell?”

Umar : “Cell forms that is kokus bacillus, spirilum and filament.”

Mr. Saddang : “Good. Next. Why about elementary structure of bacterium?”

Umar : “Elementary structure of bacterium is cell wall, plasma membrane,

Sitoplasma, and granula ribosom.”

Umar : “ Thank you, Sir. I wil to study hardly”

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