ENDOCRINE SYSTEM area of the body (endocrine gland)

and transported through circulatory

-group of specialized organs and body system to the target organ or tissue.
tissues that produce, store, and secrete - Deals with the study of the
chemical substances known as hormone structure of the and functions of
- in charge of controlling mood, growth and the endocrine glands and their
development, tissue function, metabolism, secretion (hormones)
sexual function and reproductive process.
Hormone
FUNCTIONS:  a substance or chemical
mediator produced by the
1. Regulating the body’s growth and endocrine glands and carried
development, by the blood to some distant
2. Controlling the function of various part of the body where it
tissues, exerts its effects.
3. Supporting pregnancy and other  the hormone has only either
reproductive functions, and an excitatory or inhibitory
4. Metabolism ( catabolism and function on on-going cell
anabolism) reaction.
Catabolism- breaks down
 not secreted in
complex molecules and releases
 regular amounts; the amount
energy which is available for the
of secretion depends on the
body to use
need of the animal

Anabolism- the way the molecules

Classification of hormones:
are utilized in the body. Anabolism
1. Simple protein
creates molecules the body needs
2. Glycoprotein
for functionality and it uses energy
3. Steroid
in the process.
PRIMARY GLANDS THAT MAKE UP THE
Endocrine organs are sometimes HUMAN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:
called ductless glands because
they have no ducts connecting them A. Hypothalamus- Its main function is
to specific body parts. to keep your body in a stable state
called homeostasis.
The endocrine system enables the -growth hormone/somatic hormone
animals to adjust to changes in its -the growth hormone triggers the
environment. liver to release the insulin- like
growth factor
Endocrinology-branch of
physiology dealing with the
coordination of various body B. Pituitary - in charge of making
tissues by chemical mediators several essential hormones. Your
(hormones) produced by restricted pituitary gland also tells other
 endocrine system glands to release gluconeogenesis, and are therefore,
hormones. hyperglycemic
F. Pancreas
THREE LOBES OR REGIONS:  It is both an exocrine and an
1. anterior pituitary lobe or endocrine gland.
adenohypophysis  somatostatin plays a role in
2. posterior pituitary lobe or the
neurohypophysis  regulation of islet cell
3. intermediate lobe or pars secretion
intermedia. G. Pineal Gland
 endocrine organ located
C. Thyroid-  at the epithalamus near the
 The thyroid’s main role in the center of the brain
endocrine system is to  source of melatonin, a
regulate your metabolism,  hormone that plays a major
which is your body’s ability to role in the regulation of daily
break down food and convert and seasonal rhythms for
it to energy. many vertebrates
 Located at the neck area just
below the larynx FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
 It secretes the hormone,
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-10)
thyroxine (T4) and
triiodothyronine (T3) which -the growth hormone triggers the liver to
stimulates the oxygen release the insulin- like growth factor
consumption of most of the
cells in the body stimulates the muscle cells to undergo the
growth and development
D. Parathyroid gland
 secrete the parathyroid  IGF 1 inhibits the binding of
hormone or PTH insulin, therefore there is no
fat development going on
 PTH mobilizes calcium from
bone and increases urinary  IGF 1 is a component of milk
phosphate excretion, thus in  Helps in the development of
effect increases blood the mammary gland
calcium level.  Bone development

E. Adrenal Gland
 The outer adrenal cortex
secretes steroid hormones.
 Glucocorticoids
(cortisol, cortisone and
corticosterone) stimulate
glycogenolysis and
FOR SEX DETERMINATION  When thyroxine is very high, we can
continue to burn a lot of energy
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) sources
 Secretes by the hypothalamus  When thyroxine is very low, you tend
to be not hyperactive (tends to sit
 Triggers the pituitary gland to
release the hormone called Follicle down)
Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
 For the female animals, the FSH
stimulates the ovary to undergo
ovulation/oogenesis
 Once the ovule matures, it has a
negative feedback to the pituitary
gland and hypothalamus and it’s the
hormone Inhibin that stops the
production of FSH
 When the ovary undergo ovulation,
the ovary secretes the female
hormone called estrogen which is
responsible for the growth and
development of mammary gland
 For the male, the FSH stimulates the
testis to undergo spamatogenesis
 Testosterone is released from the
testicles which is responsible for
male reproduction characteristics

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

 From the hypothalamus, there is a

thyroid releasing hormone which
triggers the pituitary glands to
release Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone
 Thyroid Stimulating Hormone acts
on Thyroid gland to produce T3
Thyroxine which is converted to T4
in the presence of Iodine
 Combining this two, it is called
Tetraiodothyroxine
 Thyroxine is important in basal
metabolic rate (energy used when
at rest)