HRN en Iso 4136 - 2012

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4136
Third edition
2012-11-01
Destructive tests on welds in metallic

materials — Transverse tensile test
Essais destructifs des soudures sur matériaux métalliques ― Essai de
traction transversale
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Reference number
ISO 4136:2012(E)
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2012

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ISO 4136:2012(E)

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COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 4136:2012(E)

Contents Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Principle......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms............................................................................................................................................................ 1
5 Preparation of test specimens................................................................................................................................................................. 2
5.1 Location.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5.2 Marking.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5.3 Heat treatment and/or ageing.................................................................................................................................................... 2
5.4 Extraction..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.5 Machining..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
6 Test procedure......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
7 Test results................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
7.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
7.2 Location of fracture.............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
7.3 Examination of fracture surfaces............................................................................................................................................. 7
8 Test report.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Annex A (informative) Example of a test report........................................................................................................................................ 9
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© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization iii
ISO 4136:2012(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 4136 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee
SC 5, Testing and inspection of welds.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4136:2001), which has been
technically revised.
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iv
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4136:2012(E)
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials —

Transverse tensile test
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the sizes of test specimen and the procedure for carrying out
transverse tensile tests in order to determine the tensile strength and the location of fracture of a
welded butt joint.
This International Standard applies to metallic materials in all forms of product with joints made by any
fusion welding process.
Unless otherwise specified for specific points in this International Standard, the general principles of
ISO 6892-1 and ISO 6892-2 apply.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4063:2009, Welding and allied processes — Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers
ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing at ambient temperature — Part 1: Method of test at
room temperature
ISO 6892-2, Metallic materials — Tensile testing at ambient temperature — Part 2: Method of test at
elevated temperature
3 Principle
An increasing tensile load is continuously applied until rupture occurs in a test specimen taken
transversely from a welded joint.
Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be carried out at ambient temperature (23 ± 5) °C.
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4 Symbols and abbreviated terms

The symbols and abbreviated terms to be used for the transverse tensile tests are specified in Table 1
and represented in Figures 1 to 3.

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ISO 4136:2012(E)

Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviated terms

Symbol Term Unit
b Width of the parallel length mm
b1 Width of shoulder mm
d Diameter of the plug mm
D Outside diameter of the pipe a mm
Lc Parallel length mm
Lo Original gauge length mm
Ls Maximum width of the weld after machining mm
Lt Total length of the test specimen mm
r Radius of shoulder mm
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t Thickness of the welded joint mm

ts Thickness of the test specimen mm
a The term “pipe”, alone or in combination, is used to mean “pipe”, “tube” or “hollow section (without rectangular cross
section)”.
5 Preparation of test specimens
5.1 Location
The test specimen shall be taken transversely from the welded joint in such a way that, after machining,
the weld axis remains in the middle of the parallel length of the test specimen. For small diameter pipes,
the test may be carried out on whole pipe (see Figure 3). If not specified by the application standards or
agreed upon between the contracting parties, “small diameters” means D < 18 mm.
5.2 Marking
Each test piece shall be marked in order to identify its exact location in the manufactured product or in
the joint from which it has been removed.
If required by the relevant application standard, the direction of working (e.g. rolling or extrusion)
shall be marked.
Each test specimen shall be marked in order to identify its exact location in the test piece from which it
has been removed.
When removed from the test piece, each test specimen shall be marked.
5.3 Heat treatment and/or ageing

No heat treatment shall be applied to the welded joint or to the test specimen unless it is specified or
allowed by the relevant application standard dealing with the welded joint to be tested. Details of any
heat treatment shall be recorded in the test report. If natural ageing of aluminium alloys takes place, the
time between welding and testing shall be recorded.
NOTE The presence of hydrogen in ferrous weld metals may adversely affect the test results and suitable
hydrogen release treatment may be necessary.
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ISO 4136:2012(E)

5.4 Extraction
5.4.1 General
The mechanical or thermal processes used to extract the test specimen shall not change the properties
of the test specimen in any way.
5.4.2 Steel
Shearing is excluded for thicknesses > 8 mm. If thermal cutting or other cutting methods which could
affect the cut surfaces are used to cut the test specimen from the welded plate or from the test piece, the
cuts shall be made at a distance ≥ 8 mm from the surfaces of the final parallel length of the test specimen.
Thermal cutting shall not be used parallel to the original surface of the welded plate or of the test piece.
5.4.3 Other metallic materials
Shearing and thermal cutting are excluded, and only machining (e.g. sawing or milling) shall be used.
5.5 Machining
5.5.1 General
The tolerances specified in ISO 6892-1 and ISO 6892-2 shall apply.
5.5.2 Location
In general, the thickness of the test specimen, ts, shall be equal to the thickness of the parent metal near the
welded joint [see Figure 1 a)]. When a relevant application standard requires testing of the full thickness
> 30 mm, several test specimens may be taken to cover the full thickness of the joint [see Figure 1 b)]. In
such cases, the location of the test specimen in the welded joint thickness shall be identified.
a) Full section test
b) Multi specimen test

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NOTE The test pieces may overlap.
Figure 1 — Examples of the location of test specimens in joints
5.5.3 Dimensions
5.5.3.1 Plates and pipes
The thickness of the test specimen shall be constant along the parallel length, Lc; the shape and
dimensions shall conform to those given in Table 2 with reference to the symbols shown in Figure 2.
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 3
ISO 4136:2012(E)

For the test specimen machined from pipe, flattening of the gripped ends may be necessary; however,
this flattening and the possible resulting variation in thickness shall not affect the parallel length, Lc.
Table 2 — Dimensions for plates and pipes

Dimensions in millimetres
Denomination Symbol Dimensions
to suit particular testing
Total length of the test specimen Lt
machine
Width of shoulder b1 b + 12
12 for ts ⩽ 2
plates b
25 for ts > 2
Width of the parallel length 6 for D ⩽ 50
pipes b 12 for 50 < D ⩽ 168,3
25 for D > 168,3
Parallel length a b Lc ⩾ Ls + 60
Radius at shoulder r ⩾ 25
a For pressure welding and beam welding (process groups 2, 4, and 5 in accordance with
ISO 4063:2009), Ls = 0.
b For some other metallic materials (e.g. aluminium, copper and their alloys) Lc ⩾ Ls + 100
may be necessary.
a) Test specimen for plates
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ISO 4136:2012(E)

b) Test specimen for pipes
Figure 2 — Test specimens for plates and pipes
5.5.3.2 Full section pipes
The dimensions for full section pipe test specimens are shown in Figure 3.
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ISO 4136:2012(E)

Figure 3 — Tensile test specimen for full section pipe
5.5.3.3 Solid sections
Dimensions of test specimen from solid sections shall be agreed between the contracting parties.
Where machined cylindrical test specimens are required, the dimensions shall be as in ISO 6892-1 and
ISO 6892-2, except that the parallel length, Lc, shall be not less than Ls + 60 mm, as shown in Figure 4.
For aluminium, copper and their alloys, refer to footnote b to Table 2.
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ISO 4136:2012(E)

Figure 4 — Cylindrical test specimen for solid section
5.5.4 Surface preparation
The final stages of preparation shall be performed by machining or grinding, suitable precautions being
taken to avoid superficial strain hardening or excessive heating of the material. The surfaces shall be
free from scratches or notches transverse to the test specimen direction in the parallel length, Lc, except
for undercut which shall not be removed unless required by the relevant application standard.
The surfaces of the test specimen shall be machined in such a way that, unless specified otherwise
in the relevant application standard, all excess weld metal is removed. Unless specified otherwise the
penetration bead shall be left intact inside full section pipes.
6 Test procedure
The test specimen shall be loaded gradually and continuously in accordance with ISO 6892-1 and ISO 6892-2.
7 Test results
7.1 General
The test results shall be determined in accordance with ISO 6892-1 and ISO 6892-2.
7.2 Location of fracture

The location of the fracture shall be noted and reported.
If necessary, the side of the test specimen may be macroetched to assist location of the weld.
7.3 Examination of fracture surfaces

After rupture of the test specimen, the fracture surfaces shall be examined and the existence of any
imperfections that may have adversely affected the test shall be recorded, including their type, size
and quantity. If fish eyes are present, they shall be recorded and only their central regions shall be
considered as imperfections.
8 Test report
The test report shall include the following information in addition to that given in ISO 6892-1 and ISO 6892-2.
— reference to this International Standard i.e., ISO 4136;
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Copyright International Organization for Standardization
ISO 4136:2012(E)

— type and location of test specimen, sketch if required (see Figure 1);
— test temperature if outside the ambient temperature;
— location of fracture;
— type and dimensions of imperfections observed.
An example of a typical test report is given in Annex A.
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ISO 4136:2012(E)

Annex A
(informative)
Example of a test report
No. ............
According to pWPS ............
According to test result “tensile

test”
test result “ ................”
Manufacturer: ............................................
Purpose of the examination: ............................................
Form of product: ............................................
Parent metal: ............................................
Filler metal: ............................................
Test temperature: ............................................
Table A.1 — Transverse tensile test in accordance with ISO 4136

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Dimension/ Maximum load Ultimate tensile Remark

Test specimen diameter strength Location of
No./position Fm Rm fracture e.g. fracture
mm N N/mm2 appearance
Examiner or test body: Certified by:
........................................................ ........................................
(name, date and signature) (name, date and signature)
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 9
ISO 4136:2012(E)

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ICS 25.160.40
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INTERNATIONAL ISO

Destructive tests on welds in metallic

Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2012

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials —

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms

© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviated terms

t Thickness of the welded joint mm

5 Preparation of test specimens

5.3 Heat treatment and/or ageing

5.4.3 Other metallic materials

a) Full section test

b) Multi specimen test

NOTE The test pieces may overlap.

Figure 1 — Examples of the location of test specimens in joints

5.5.3.1 Plates and pipes

Table 2 — Dimensions for plates and pipes

a) Test specimen for plates

b) Test specimen for pipes

Figure 2 — Test specimens for plates and pipes

5.5.3.2 Full section pipes

© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Figure 3 — Tensile test specimen for full section pipe

5.5.3.3 Solid sections

Figure 4 — Cylindrical test specimen for solid section

5.5.4 Surface preparation

7.2 Location of fracture

7.3 Examination of fracture surfaces

© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Example of a test report

According to pWPS ............

According to test result “tensile

test result “ ................”

Purpose of the examination: ............................................

Form of product: ............................................

Parent metal: ............................................

Filler metal: ............................................

Test temperature: ............................................

Table A.1 — Transverse tensile test in accordance with ISO 4136

Dimension/ Maximum load Ultimate tensile Remark

Examiner or test body: Certified by:

(name, date and signature) (name, date and signature)

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