MODULE 5

RIZAL’S CHANGE IN
PERSPECTIVE ON
THE SPANISH RULE

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 SECTION 1
INDOLENCE AND THE SPANISH COLONIAL RULE
“ROOT CAUSES OF WHY THE SPANIARDS CALLED
THE FILIPINO INDOLENT”

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 Rizal admitted the existence of
indolence among Filipinos which he
traced to several factors such as
the climate and social disorder.

After Rizal published his first novel,

Noli Me Tangere, he became an
active contributor to the biweekly
newspaper, La Solidaridad

Two of his essay published on the

newspaper were Sobre la indolencia
de los Filipinos(1890) and Los
Agricultores Filipinos (1889)

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 Sobre la indonecia
de los Filipinos

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 Rizal acknowledged Gregorio
sancianco’s El Progreso de
Filipinas(1881) and recognized
the evident indolence of the
Filipinos.
Indolences can ultimately be
traced to the abuse and
discrimination experienced by
Filipino under the Spanish rule
which led to the deterioration of
Filipino values.

He compared it to an illness by
saying that the indolence of the
filipinos must be properly
diagnosed before a prescription
could be made.

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 In the essay, Rizal linked two factors
to the indolence of the Filipinos.
First was the limited training and
education provided to the Filipinos
for the Spanish government feared
possible insubordination and
retaliation. Second was the lack
national sentiment of the unity
among Filipinos caused by the
stigma Filipino culture was inferior
to foreign culture which compelled
humble submission. Given these
factors, Rizal concluded that the
solutions of Filipino’s indolence was
education and liberty from
oppression.

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 CAUSES OF THE INDOLENCE OF THE
FILIPINOS

CROOKED
SPANISH RULE SYSTEM OF
PIRATE SET A BAD RELIGION
ATTACKS EXAMPLES

IMPLEMENTATION CROOKED GAMBLING TAXES WERE

OF FORCED LABOR SYSTEM OF AND EXTREMELY
EDUCATION FIESTAS HIGH

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 When Rizal was exiled in
Dapitan, he dedicated much of
his time tending the farm he
bought in Talisay.
He urged farmers in Dapitan to
use fertilizers and farm
machines to maximize the use of
their lands.
Rizal brought attention the problem of
banditry and thievery in rural farms.
The inability of colonial guards to
provide adequate protection to the
farmers and their farmlands prompted
Rizal to urge farmers to the equipped
with guns to defend themselves against
lawless elements. Thus, Rizal
demanded from the Ministry of Colonies
urgent solutions these problems

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 SECTION 2
RIZAL’S ABANDONMENT OF ASSIMILATION
“Tackles the circumstances that made Rizal
reconsider the idea of assimilation and turn to
other means of achieving reformation”

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 E
N
T LI
U
O
T
R FILIPINOS IN SPAIN WERE ALSO LOSING
E PO MOTIVATION. OTHERS OPTED TO PASSIVELY
R
PARTICIPATE IN FILIPINO INITIATIVES WHILE
OTHERS DECIDED TO FIND THEIR OWN WAYS TO
TAKE PART IN MORE ACTIVE CAMPAIGNS
AGAINST SPAIN. THIS HAD BEEN THE SCENARIO
AMONG THE FILIPINO NATIONALISTS IN SPAIN.
PERSONAL RIVALRIES AMONG FILIPINOS ALSO
AROSE AND BECAME A HINDRANCE TO THE
FORMATION OF CONCRETE PLAN AND ACTIONS.

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 The new Calamba
community
North Borneo company
In January 1892 rizal
offered permanent
prepared an agreement
settlement for the
which was to govern a
emigrants and sale or
filipino colony in sabah .
lease of lands for 999
years .

none of the settlers would render free

This colony would be
labor or forced to serve military unless the
composed mostly of farmers
territory’s was under threat .they would
from Calamba, Laguna who
govern themselves under the safeguard of
were evicted from their
the company However,this was rejected by
farmland by the dominicians
Gov.Gen.Eulogio Despujol Imagine that
deal was approved

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 A new filipino settlement will be officially established in north borneo
,Free from all forms of control of the Spaniards .
Among the group of Filipinos establish the colony in North Borneo
,envision the structure of the community will be building
To Create a blueprint sketch of the community or write down the
economic,political,and social structure that community will adhere to.
The lack of significant progress in the campaigns for reform led by the
Ilustrados and other propagandists prompted by many filipinos to believe
that such campaigns were futile
To rendered them hopeless and uninterested in supporting the campaigns
Filipinos in spain were also losing motivation. Others opted to passively
participate in filipino initiatives while others decide to find their own
ways to take part in more active campaigns against.
This had been the scenario among the filipino nationalists in spain
personal rivalries among filipinos also rose and became a hindrance to
the formation of concept plans and actions.

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 RIZAL,DEL PILAR AND JAENA
Graciano Lopez Jaena and Jose Rizal’s
withdrawal from La Solidaridad was caused by
disagreement and differences in ideals and
aspirations. This left Marcelo H. del Pilar to
manage the newspaper single-handedly. In
addition, the desire of other Filipino nationalists
to establish a new organization to counter the
Spanish rule resulted in setbacks on the efforts
initiated by La Solidaridad

Many believed that it would be better to be part of

a new organization with members united towards
one goal instead of being in an organization
where personal rivalries hinder concrete actions
toward greater nationalism.

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 One of the predominant reforms lobbied by Filipinos was
representation in the Spanish Cortes. This move would have
given Filipinos a voice in the Spanish government, though in a
limited capacity. Such representation was previously granted to
the Filipinos but was taken back. The lack of concrete
commitment on the part of the Spanish government only made
the representation of Filipinos barely enough to materialization.

Around that time, rizal was also preoccupied with the troubles of
hacienderos in calamba whose situation he alrewafy brought
before the courts of Spain. For Rizal, the lack of Philippine
representation in the Spanish Cortes and the denial of justice to
the appeal of Filipinos over agrarian problems had proven the
improbability campaign for filipino right

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 A PESSIMISTIC JOSE RIZAL
IN A LETTER TO BLUMENTRITT IN 1887 RIZAL
ALREADY HINTED AT SUCH SENTIMENT SAYING
“THE PEACEFUL STRUGGLE MUST REMAIN A
DREAM , FOR SPAIN WILL NEVER LEARN FROM
HER EARLIER COLONIES IN SOUTH AMERICA
BUT IN THE PRESENT CIRCUMSTANCES WE
WANT TO SEPARATION FROM SPAIN ;ALL WE
DEMAND IS MORE CARE, BETTER INSTRUCTION,
BETTER OFFICIALS, ONE OR TWO
REPRESENTATIVES, AND MORE SECURITY FOR
OURSELEVES AND OUR PROPERTY . SPAIN CAN
STILL WIN THE PHILIPPINES FOR HERSELF
FOREVER , IF ONLY SPAIN WERE MORE
REASONABLE “

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 The situation of rizal became more complicated after his mother and
sister arrested in manila,but after several days of imprisonment they
were asked to the courts in their province of foot before they were finally
released
1891 rizal sent a wrote “if our countrymen hope in us here in Europe ,they
are certainly mistaken the field of battle in the Philippines;there is where
we should be “
Rizal set the course for his return to manila after the publication of his
second novel, el filibusterismo.all copies of the novel were shipped to the
Philippines.
Upon his arrival he established a new organization the la liga filipina a
secret society that embodied the Rizal presented in El filibusterismo .
this included the calls for the provision of mutual protection, defense
against all injustices and promotion of instruction and education among
filipinos

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 LA LIGA FILIPINA
FOUNDED AND CREATED BY DR. JOSE
RIZAL IN THE PHILIPPINES
A SECRET SOCIETY THAT EMBODIED
THE IDEAS RIZAL PRESENTED IN EL
FILIBUSTERISMO
IT WAS DERIVED FROM THE LA
SOLIDARIDAD AND THE PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT
SOME OF THE KNOWN MEMBERS WERE
ANDRES BONIFACIO, DEODATO
ARELLANO, AND APOLONARIO MABINI

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 TO UNITE THE WHOLE ARCHIPELAGO INTO
ONE COMPACT,VIGAROUS,AND HOMOGENOUS
BODY
MUTUAL PROTECTION IN EVERY WANT AND
NECESSITY
DEFENSE AGAINST ALL VIOLENCE AND
INJUSTICE
ENCOURAGEMENT OF
INSTRUCTION,AGRICULTURE,AND COMMERCE
STUDY AND APPLICANTS OF REFORMS

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 SECTION 3

FOCUSES ON THE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN

RIZAL’S IDEAS FROM NOLI ME TANGERE TO
EL FILIBUSTERISMO.

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 IN RIZALS DEDICATION OF “ EL FILIBUSTERISMO” TO THE
GOMBURZA THREE MARTYR PREIST MARIANO GOMEZ,JOSE BURGOS,
AND JACINTO ZAMORA HE QUESTIONS THE CHURCH’S
REFUSAL TO CONDEMN THEM HIGHLIGHTING DOUBTS
ABOUT THEIR ALLEGED CRIME. RIZAL SUGGESTS THAT THE
GOVERNMENT’S SECRETIVE TRIALS CREATE UNCERTAINTY,
MAKING IT UNCLEAR WHETER THE PREIEST WERE TRULY
GUILTY.RIZAL DEDICATES HIS WORK TO
THEM,CONSIDERING THEM VICTIMS OF THE INJUSTICE HE
OPPOSES,EXPRESSING HIS HOPE FOR SPAIN TO EVENTUALLY
RESTORE THEIR HONOR.RIZAL’S MOTIVATION APPEARS
ROOTED IN SEEKING JUSTICE CHALLENGING SOCIETAL
EVILS AND ADVOCATING FOR LIBERTY MAKING THIS
DEDICATION A POIGNANT SYMBOL OF HIS INTENTIONS IN
WRITING THE NOVEL.

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 BANNING AND BURNING OF “NOLI ME TANGERE”
-UPON PUBLISHING “NOLI ME TANGERE” RIZAL
FACED IMMEDIATE BAND AND EXISTING COPIES
WERE BURNED BY SPANISH AOUTHIRITIES
,INDICATING THEIR RESISTANCE TO THE NOVEL’S
CONTENT
OPPOSITION FROM CATHOLIC CHURCH
-RIZAL ENCOUNTERED STRONG OPPOSITION FROM
THE CATHOLIC CHURCH,COMPELLING HIM TO LEAVE
THE PHILIPPINES AND RETURN TO EUROPE
-”EL FILIBUSTERISMO” WAS WRITTEN AS A SEQUEL
TO “NOLI ME TANGERE TO COUNTER THE HOPEFUL
AND ROMANTIC ATMOSPHERE OF THE LATTER

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 EL FILIBUSTERISMO WRITING AND PUBLICATION
-RIZAL WROTE EL FILIBUSTERISMO IN 1888-1889 FACING
DIFFICULTIES IN PUBLICATION DUE TO HIGH PRINTING COSTS.
-DUE TO EXPENSIVE PRINTING COSTS,WHICH LED HIM TO GHENT IN
SEARCH OF CHEAPER OPTIONS
-VELENTIN VENTURA,A FRIEND OF RIZAL, PROVIDED FINANCIAL
ASSISTANCE AND THE NOVEL WAS PUBLISHED IN SEPTEMBER 1891.
-“EL FILIBUSTERISMO “ IS SHORTER WITH 39 CHAPTERS COMPARED
TO “NOLI ME TANGERE” WHICH HAS 64 CHAPTERS.
-RIZAL GAVE VALENTIN VENTURA THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT OF
“EL FILIBUSTERISMO “ AS A TOKEN OF GRATITUDE FOR HIS
CONTRIBUTIONS
PURPOSE OF HIS NOVELS
-RIZAL USED “NOLI ME TANGERE” TO EXPOSE THE ABUSIVE WAYS
OF SPANISH AUTHORITIES AND FRIAR IN THE PHILIUPPINES. THROUGH
CHARACTERS LIKE ELIAS AND PADRE DAMASO HE HIGHLIGHTED THE
CORRUPTION AND OPPRESSION UNDER SPANISH COLONIAL RULE. THE
CHARACTER BASILIO REPRESENTED THE YOUTH CHALLENGING THEM TO
RECOGNIZE THEIR ROLE IN SOCIETY FOR SOCIAL CHANGE

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 WARNING AGAINST SPANISH COLONIALISM
IN BOTH NOVELS,RIZAL PRESENTED A SCATHING CRITIQUE OF THE
CORRUPT AND SELF-SERVING COLONIAL GOVERNMENT OF SPAIN
.THROUGH CHARACTERS LIKE KABESANG TALES AND BASILIO HE
WARNED OF THE DISASTROUS CONSEQUENCES OF SUCH
GOVERNANACE.THESE CHARACTERS TRAGIC LOSSES EXEMPLIFIED THE
SIFFERING ENDURED UNDER SPANISH RULE
DISCONTENT OF THE YOUTH
THE NOVELS FOCUS ON THE DISCONTENT OF THE FILIPINO
YOUTH,NOTABLY TROUGH BASILIOS CHARACTER.HIS EXPERIENCES OF
LOSS LOSING HIS BROTHER AND MOTHER IN “NOLI ME TANGERE “AND
JULI AND KAPITAN TIYAGO IN “EL FILIBUSTERISM” UNDERSCORE THE
PERSONAL TOLL PF SPANISH OPPRESSION.BASILIO IS OFTEN SEEN AS
A REPRESENTATION OF RIZAL HIMSELF IN THE NARRATIVE.
CONDEMNATION ELITE FILIPINOS
RIZAL ALSO CRITICIZED THE WEALTHY ELITE FILIPINOS WHO,OUT OF
GREED AND COMPLACENCY,ALIGNED THEMSELVES WITH THE SPANISH
AUTHORITIES RATHER THAN SUPPORTING THE OPPRESSED.
CHARACTERS LIKE DONYA VICTORINA AND PAULINA GOMEZ
EXEMPLIFY THIS CONTEMPT FOR THOSE WHO PRIORITIZE PERSONAL
GAIN OVER JUSTICE

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 CALL FOR PEACEFUL PREPARATION FOR INDEPENDENCE
CRUCIALLY RIZAL’S NOVELS DID NOT ADVOCATE FOR AN
IMMEDIATE REVOLUTION BUT INSTEAD PROPOSED THAT FILIPINOS
SHOULD PREPARE THEMSELVES FOR EVENTUAL INDEPENDENCE. HE
EMPHASIZED EDUCATION, EXEMPLARY LIVES, AND A
WILLINGNESS TO SACRIFICE FOR THE GREATER GOOD AS THE
PATH TO FREEDOM. PADRE FLORENTINO’S CALL TO THE YOUTH AT
THE END OF “EL FILIBUSTERISMO” EMBODIES THIS MESSAGE.
PRESERVATION AND HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT OF BOTH NOVEL HAVE HAD A
TUMULTUOUS HISTORY. THEY WERE ACQUIRED BY THE PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY BUT WERE ALMOST
LOST DURING THE LIBERATION BATTLE OF 1945.THEY WERE
THANKFULLY RETURNED AND KEPT IN THE NATIONAL LIBRARY’S
RARE BOOKS AND MANUSCRIPT SECTION. IN 1961, AS PART OF
THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF RIZAL’S BIRTH THE WORKS
WERE PUT ON EXHIBIT BUT WERE SUBSEQUENTLY STOLEN IN
DECEMBER. NEGOTIATIONS LED TO THEIR RECOVERY IN FEBRUARY
1962

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 CONCLUSION
JOSE RIZAL NOVELS “NOLI ME TANGERE” AND “EL FILIBUSTERISMO “ARE
INVALUABLE LITERARY AND HISTORICAL WORKS THAT HIGHLIGHT THE
PLIGHT OF FILIPINOS UNDER SPANISH COLONIAL RULE AND ADVOCATE FOR
PEACEFUL PREPARATION FOR INDEPENDENCE. THEIR PRESERVATION IS
VITAL TO ENSURE THAT FUTURE GENERATIONS CAN APPRECIATE AND
LEARN FROM THEIR SIGNIFICANCE. THE EFFORTS MADE TO PROTECT AND
CONSERVE THESE MANUSCRIPTS ARE CRUCIAL IN MAINTAINING THIS RICH
ASPECT OF PHILIPPINE HERITAGE .

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 Gracias Por Escucharme
(THANK YOU FOR LISTENING )

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