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    Module 12-Area Under The Curve

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    deadlyoverclock
    This document provides an introduction to definite integrals and their application in calculating areas under curves and between curves. It defines definite integrals as integrating a function between two points to find the precise value, unlike indefinite integrals which leave a constant term. Examples are given of finding the area under curves by setting up and evaluating definite integrals between the bounds of the curves. Sample problems demonstrate calculating areas under various functions graphically and algebraically. An assignment provides additional practice problems for students to find areas under and between curves using definite integrals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Module 12-Area Under The Curve

    Uploaded by

    deadlyoverclock
    163 views12 pages
    This document provides an introduction to definite integrals and their application in calculating areas under curves and between curves. It defines definite integrals as integrating a function between two points to find the precise value, unlike indefinite integrals which leave a constant term. Examples are given of finding the area under curves by setting up and evaluating definite integrals between the bounds of the curves. Sample problems demonstrate calculating areas under various functions graphically and algebraically. An assignment provides additional practice problems for students to find areas under and between curves using definite integrals.

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    Module 12-Area Under the Curve

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    This document provides an introduction to definite integrals and their application in calculating areas under curves and between curves. It defines definite integrals as integrating a function between two points to find the precise value, unlike indefinite integrals which leave a constant term. Examples are given of finding the area under curves by setting up and evaluating definite integrals between the bounds of the curves. Sample problems demonstrate calculating areas under various functions graphically and algebraically. An assignment provides additional practice problems for students to find areas under and between curves using definite integrals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    163 views12 pages

    Module 12-Area Under The Curve

    Uploaded by

    deadlyoverclock
    This document provides an introduction to definite integrals and their application in calculating areas under curves and between curves. It defines definite integrals as integrating a function between two points to find the precise value, unlike indefinite integrals which leave a constant term. Examples are given of finding the area under curves by setting up and evaluating definite integrals between the bounds of the curves. Sample problems demonstrate calculating areas under various functions graphically and algebraically. An assignment provides additional practice problems for students to find areas under and between curves using definite integrals.

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    Application of Definite Integral

    Math 35
    Engineering Calculus II

    Prepared by:
    Engr. Odette R. Alegato
    Learning Outcomes

    After careful study of this chapter, students should be able to do


    the following:

    1. Apply the concepts of integration in solving geometric


    problems

    Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 2


    Introduction
    Definite Integrals
    So far when integrating, there has always been a constant term left. For this
    reason, such integrals are known as indefinite integrals. With definite integrals,
    we integrate a function between 2 points, and so we can find the precise
    value of the integral and there is no need for any unknown constant terms
    [the constant cancels out].

    Area under the curve


    The area under a curve between two points can be found by doing a definite
    integral between the two points
    Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 3
    Area Under the Curve
    The area under the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 from 𝑥 = 𝑎 to 𝑥 = 𝑏 is given by the
    definite integral

    𝑏
    𝐴= 𝑦𝑑𝑥
    𝑎

    If 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 is entirely below the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠, then the coordinate correspon


    ding to each point on the curve is negative. Hence, the area, A, of the r
    egion from 𝑥 = 𝑎 to 𝑥 = 𝑏 is given by:

    𝑏
    𝐴=− 𝑦𝑑𝑥
    𝑎

    Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 4


    Area Under the Curve
    If 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 from is partly positive and partly negative on 𝑎, 𝑏 , then the
    graph 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 crosses the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 at some point 𝑐. The total area is
    defined by;

    𝑐 𝑏
    𝐴1 = 𝑦𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴2 = − 𝑦𝑑𝑥
    𝑎 𝑐

    And adding the result that is ;

    Total area A =𝐴1 +𝐴2

    Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 5


    Sample Problems
    Find the area under the curve

    1. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 from 𝑥 = 1 to 𝑥 = 2

    Graph the given function to determine boundaries

    𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 is an equation of parabola that opens upward

    𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
    2
    𝐴= 𝑦𝑑𝑥
    1

    2
    = 1
    3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

    2
    = 𝑥3 1

    = 23 − 13

    = 7 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
    Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 6
    Sample Problems
    Find the area under the curve

    2. 𝑦 = 3 ln 𝑥 from 𝑥 = 2 to 𝑥 = 4

    Graph the given function to determine boundaries


    𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
    4
    𝐴= 𝑦𝑑𝑥
    2

    4
    = 2
    3 ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

    4
    =3 2
    ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

    IBP:
    let 𝑢 = ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥
    𝑑𝑥
    𝑑𝑢 = 𝑣=𝑥
    𝑥

    Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 7


    Sample Problems
    4
    𝑥𝑑𝑥
    𝐴 = 3 𝑥𝑙𝑛 𝑥 −
    𝑥
    2

    = 3 𝑥𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑥
    2

    4
    = 3 𝑥𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑥 2

    = 3 4𝑙𝑛4 − 4 − 2𝑙𝑛2 − 2

    = 3 8𝑙𝑛2 − 4 − 2𝑙𝑛2 − 2

    = 3 6𝑙𝑛2 − 2 square units

    Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 8


    Sample Problems
    Find the area under the curve

    3. 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥 2 from 𝑥 = −3 to 𝑥 = 3

    Graph the given function to determine boundaries

    𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
    3
    𝐴= 𝑦𝑑𝑥
    −3

    3
    = −3
    ( 4 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥

    3
    𝑥3
    = 4𝑥 − 3
    −3

    33 −3 3
    = 4 3 − − 4 −3 −
    3 3

    = 6 square units

    Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 9


    Sample Problems
    Find the area under the curve

    4. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3 from 𝑥 = 0 to 𝑥 = 2

    Graph the given function to determine boundaries

    𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
    𝐴 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2

    𝑐 𝑏
    = 𝑎
    𝑦𝑑𝑥 - 𝑐
    𝑦𝑑𝑥

    1
    = 0
    𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑥 - 12 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑥

    7 7
    = 4- 0 − 4

    = 3.5 square units

    Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 10


    Sample Problems
    Find the area bounded by the curves

    5. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 0

    Graph the given function to determine boundaries

    𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
    2
    𝐴= 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
    0

    2
    2𝑥 2 𝑥 3
    = −
    2 3 0

    23
    =4−
    3

    4
    = 3 square units

    Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 11


    Assignment
    I. Find the area under the curve

    1. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 1

    2. 𝑥𝑦 = −1 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = 1 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 2

    3. 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 𝜋

    4. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = −1 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 2

    Find the area bounded by the given curve


    5. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑒𝑠

    6. 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥; 𝑥 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 4

    By integration show that


    7. The area of a circle with radius 𝑟 is 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2

    Application of Definite Integral Integral Calculus 11

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