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Density and Uniformity of Aggregates

The document discusses the density and uniformity of aggregates. It defines bulk density as the mass or weight of aggregate required to fill a container of specified volume. Relative density is the ratio of an aggregate's mass to the mass of an equal volume of water. Factors that affect density and uniformity include the degree of compaction, grading through sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates, and the shape of aggregate particles such as rounded, angular, flaky and elongated. Uniform density and grading of aggregates is important for concrete.

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Jesimie Orias
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212 views23 pages

Density and Uniformity of Aggregates

The document discusses the density and uniformity of aggregates. It defines bulk density as the mass or weight of aggregate required to fill a container of specified volume. Relative density is the ratio of an aggregate's mass to the mass of an equal volume of water. Factors that affect density and uniformity include the degree of compaction, grading through sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates, and the shape of aggregate particles such as rounded, angular, flaky and elongated. Uniform density and grading of aggregates is important for concrete.

Uploaded by

Jesimie Orias
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DENSITY AND

UNIFORMITY OF
AGGREGATES
Density of an Aggregate
Density of an
Aggregate

▫ Bulk density
▫ Relative density

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 Unit weight of an aggregate.
Bulk Density  Mass or weight of the aggregate that required to fill
the container of a specified unit volume.
 Commonly used approximate bulk density in a
normal weight concrete is between 1200-1750
kg/m^3 or 75-110 lb/ft^3.
 To solve:
Bulk Density = Mass / Volume

4
 You have a different rock with a volume of
30cm3 and a mass of 60g. What is its density?
Bulk Density

Sample Problem Solution:


Bulk Density = Mass / Volume
= 60g / 30cm3
Bulk Density = 2.0 g / cm3

5
 Rocks are sometimes used along coasts to prevent
erosion. If a rock needs to weigh 2,000 kilograms
Bulk Density (about 2 tons) in order not to be shifted by waves,
how big (what volume) does it need to be? You are
Sample Problem
using basalt, which has a typical density of 3200
kg/m3

Solution:

Bulk Density = Mass / Volume

Volume = Mass / Density

6 = 2000kg /
3200 kg/m3
 Specific gravity.
Relative Density  Ratio of its mass to the mass of an equal volume of
water.
 Most aggregates has a relative density between 2.4-
2.9 with a corresponding mass density of 2400-2900
kg/m^3 or 150-181 lb/ft^3.
 To solve:
Relative Density = Mass of the Aggregate /
Mass of Equal Volume of Water

7
Calculate the relative density (specific weight) of the coarse
Relative Density aggregate base on the given data.
S (Weight of the sample) = 1000g
Sample Problem A (Weight of aggregate and water) = 3372g
B (Weight of water) = 2754g
C (Weight of saturated and dry sample) = 990g
D (Weight of oven dry sample) = 982g
Solution:
Relative Density = D / (C – ( A - B ))
= 982g / 990g – ( 3372g – 2754g)
8 Relative Density = 2.6398
Factors affecting the density and
uniformity of an aggregate:

 Degree of compaction
 Grading of aggregates
 Shape of aggregate particles

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 Mostly dependent on the packaging of
Degree of the aggregate.
Compaction  Can also depend on the shape and size
of the particles.
 The British Standard (BS 812)
specified it into two:
▫ Loose or un-compacted
▫ Compacted

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▫ The sieve analysis is the operation
Grading of of dividing a sample of aggregate
Aggregates into fractions, each consisting of
Sieve Analysis particles between specific limits.
▫ The sieve analysis determines the
particle size distribution in a
sample of aggregate.
▫ They are classified into two types;
Fine and Coarse aggregate.
11
Grading of Aggregates

Sieve Analysis
- Fine Aggregate
▫ When the aggregate passes through a
4.75mm sieve.

12
Grading of Aggregates

Sieve Analysis
- Coarse Aggregate
▫ When the aggregate retains through a
4.75mm sieve.

13
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Shape of Aggregate ▫ Rounded aggregates
Particles
▫ Irregular or partly rounded
aggregates
▫ Angular aggregates
▫ Flaky aggregates
▫ Elongated aggregates
▫ Flaky and elongated aggregates
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Shape of Aggregate
Particles

Rounded

▫ The rounded aggregates are completely


shaped by attrition, and available in the
form of seashore gravel.

17
Shape of Aggregate
Particles

Irregular

▫ The irregular or partly rounded


aggregates are partly shaped by
attrition, and these are available in the
form of pit sands and gravel.
18
Shape of Aggregate
Particles

Angular

▫ The angular aggregates consist well


defined edges formed at the
intersection of roughly planar surfaces,
and these are obtained by crushing the
rocks.
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Shape of Aggregate
Particles

Flaky

▫ When the aggregate thickness is small


when compared with width and length
of that aggregate it is said to be flaky
aggregate.
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Shape of Aggregate
Particles

Elongated
▫ When the length of aggregate is larger
than the other two dimensions then it is
called elongated aggregate, or the
length of aggregate is greater than
180% of its mean dimension.
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Shape of Aggregate
Particles

Flaky and
Elongated
▫ When the aggregate length is larger
than its width and width is larger than
its thickness then it is said to be flaky
and elongated aggregates.
22
Thank You!

23

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