Unit-1 Ob

UNIT-1 OB
Presented By:
Professor Ankita Sharma
MEANING AND DEFINITION OF
ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
 Organisational behaviour is concerned with

people’s thoughts, feelings, emotions, and actions
in a work setting. Understanding an individual
behaviour is in itself a challenge, but
understanding group behaviour in an
organisational environment is a monumental
managerial task.
 Organizational behavior can then defined as:
“The study of human behavior in
organizational settings, the interface between
human behavior and the organizational context,
and the organization itself.”
 OB is a systematic study of the actions and
reactions of individuals, groups and subsystems.
Nature
 Integral part of Management
 Field of Study
 Inter-Disciplinary Approach
 Analysis of Behavior
 Goal Oriented
 Science and Art
 Fulfillment of Employees need
 Total System Approach
Perception
 Perception is an intellectual process of

transforming sensory stimuli to
meaningful information. It is the process of
interpreting something that we see or hear in our
mind and use it later to judge and give a verdict
on a situation, person, group etc.
Perceptual Process
 Perceptual process are the different stages of

perception we go through. The different stages
are −
 Receiving
 Selecting
 Organizing
 Interpreting
Importance of Perception in OB
 We need to understand what the role of perception in an

organization is. It is very important in establishing
different role of perceptions like −
 Understanding the tasks to be performed.
 Understanding associated importance of tasks allotted.
 Understanding preferred behavior to complete
respective tasks.
 Clarifying role perceptions.
 For example, every member in a group has to be clear
regarding the role allotted to them. Programmer writes
the code, tester checks it, etc.
Perceptual Distortion/Errors
 Selective Perception
 Contrast Effect
 Stereotyping
 Inference
 Distortions
 Halo effects
 Projection
 Impression
 Attribution
 Self-Fullfilling Prophecy
Halo Effect and Sterotyping
 The term `halo effect' was first used by the

psychologist Edward Thorndike in 1920. A halo
effect is a judgments based on a single striking
characteristic such as an aspect of dress, speech,
posture or nationality.
Selective Perception
 Selective perception means the situation when people

selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their
interests, background, experience, and attitudes.
 It means any characteristics that make a person, object, or
event stand out will increase the probability that it will be
perceived.
Stereotyping
 People usually can fall into at least one general category

based on physical or behavioral traits then they will be
evaluated. When we judge someone on the basis of our
perception of the group to which he or she belongs, we
are using the shortcut called stereotyping.
 or example, a boss might assume that a worker from a
Middle East country is lazy and cannot meet
performance objectives, even if the worker tried his
best.
Contrast Effects
 The tendency to rate people relative to other

people rather than to the individual performance
he or she is doing. Rather will evaluate an
employee by comparing that employee’s
performance with other employees.
Personality
 “Personality is the dynamic organization within

the individual of those psychological system that
determines his unique adjustment to his
environment.”
 “It is the sum total of ways an individual reacts to
and interacts with others.”
 Personality is measurable - traits
Personality Determinants
Personality Traits
The Big Five Model
 Extroversion
 Agreeableness
 Conscientiousness
 Emotional stability
 Openness to experience
Attitude
 According to G.W. Allport, “Attitude is a mental and neutral
state of readiness organized through experience, exerting a
directive or dynamic influence upon individual’s response to
all objects and situations with which it is related.” Krech and
Crutchfield defined “attitude as an enduring organization of
motivational, emotional, perceptual and cognitive processes
with respect to some aspect of the individual’s world”
According to Katz and Scotland, “Attitude is a tendency or
predisposition to evaluate an object or symbol of that object
in a certain way”. In effect attitude is used in a generic sense,
as to what people perceive, feel and express their views about
a situation, object or other people.
Components of Attitude
 Cognitive component: Cognitive component of attitude is
related to value statement. It consists of belief, ideas, values
and other information that an individual may possess or has
faith in. Quality of working hard is a value statement or faith
that a manager may have.
 Affective component: Affective component of attitude is
related to person’s feelings about another person, which may
be positive, negative or neutral. I do not like Maya because
she is not hard working, or I like Mina because she is hard
working. It is an expression of feelings about a person, object
or a situation.
 Behavioral component: Behavioral component of attitude is
related to impact of various situations or objects that lead to
individual’s behaviour based on cognitive and affective
components. I do not like Maya because she is not hard
working is an affective component, I therefore would like to
disassociate myself with her, is a behavioural component and
therefore I would avoid Maya.
Job Satisfaction
 Mental feeling of favourable. Which an individual has abt his

job.
 Determinants of job satisfaction.
 Individual factors, nature of job, situational variables.

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UNIT-1 OB

 Organisational behaviour is concerned with

 Perception is an intellectual process of

 Perceptual process are the different stages of

 We need to understand what the role of perception in an

 The term `halo effect' was first used by the

 Selective perception means the situation when people

 People usually can fall into at least one general category

 The tendency to rate people relative to other

 “Personality is the dynamic organization within

 Mental feeling of favourable. Which an individual has abt his

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