Capstone
Capstone
Capstone
Department of Education
Region V
Division of Camarines Sur
CALABANGA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Sta. Cruz, Calabanga, Camarines Sur
S/Y: 2018-2019
Leaves
Tabardillo, Janette C.
Tabardillo, Claire L.
Chavez, Aireen E.
2020
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM
This chapter presents the research problem, its background, the scope
and the delimitation, the background of the study and especially its
significance.
INTRODUCTION
demand and consumption every year. The papers are used in the different
kind of needs of people for writing, reading and for wrapping foods. Papers
in pulping process in making the paper are hard to reduce. The government
addition, the government is looking for other way to create or produce raw
through illegal logging that destroys the forests and other living things. The
raw materials. The Philippine paper industry seeks to attain the capability to
serve all the major pulp and paper requirements of the country and develop
material to produce pulp is the cellulose in the form of fiber in which almost
all of the plants contain the cellulose that can be used as the raw material of
Bananas are one of the most important food crops on the planet.
Bananas are a healthy source of fiber, potassium, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and
amounts of resistant starch, which functions like, fiber, aiding your gut and
promoting healthy blood sugar level. The starch is the main component of
The mango leaves which often discard can actually work as a great herbal
medicine. The benefits of the mango leaves are so varied and extensive that
they are given immense importance in eastern medicine too. It has fiber that
may also one of the properties that may be help in the making of paper.
When the mango leaves has been dried up, the texture of the mango leaves
fiber will be a good surface when the banana starch has been put together.
wastes will be lessen in the country. The alarming increase of waste caused
some illness to people. Aside from that the researchers choose to use starch
trees that been cut for the paper production and to prove there are some
mango leaves and banana starch for there are some cases of students in an
upland places that has no source of writing paper. Hence, they use an
alternative paper such as leaves that serves as their medium for them to
Also, the researchers aim to introduce new raw material that will highly
This study was conducted to know the capability of the dried mango
design using dried Mango leaves and the Banana Peel Starch?
terms of ;
a. Color e. Flexibility
b. Odor
c. Texture
d. Thickness
HYPOTHESIS
There is a significant difference between the commercial pa;per and
a. Color e. size
b. Texture
c. Odor
d. Thickness
paper from the dried mango leaves fiber and banana starch. It explores the
This study focuses on the raw materials that will be used in this
experiment, the dried mango leaves fiber and the banana starch and what is
product of the study will be produced are not need machinery and the
materials that will be used in the study are easily being seen.
starch may also be a raw material in the making of paper aside from the
Community - This study may give a new perspective about the things
around them.
Future Researchers - This study can help future researchers with the same
interests in line with this topic to serve as background knowledge and make
DEFINITION OF TERMS
following terms:
Fabricated
Banana is a long curved fruit which grows in clusters and has soft pulpy
flesh and yellow skin when ripe. The researchers used the term banana to
emphasis the primary source of the banana peel that will be used in the
study.
the term banana starch highlight this as the pulp or paste in the making of
a dark green color and have a pale underside. The researchers used the term
The researchers used the term in order to show result of the study.
Paper Design is a craft and art comprises work where paper or card is used
as a primary artistic medium. The material can lend itself to a wide range of
artistic techniques, and can be folded, cut, glued, molded, stitched and
layered. The researchers used the term to show the purpose of the study to
create a fabricated paper design made out of dried mango leave and banana
peel starch.
NOTES
clinical
Babu, P H., Reddy, C A., Prashanthi, N., and Mahal,e J S., 2015. Banana
Peel as a
95-98.
Baig, M M V., Mane, V P., More, D R., Shinde, L P., and Baig, M I A.,
2003.
protein,
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 1(5),
430-438.
Bori, M.O., Adebusoye, S. A., Lawal, A. K., and Awotiwon, A., 2007. Production
of
Biology 1: 33-38.
Chai, M., Ho, Y. W., Liew, K. W. and Asif, J.M., 2004. Biotechnology and in vitro
Chillet, M., Abadie, C., Hubert O., Chilin-Charles Y., and Bellaire L D.
2009.
28(1), 41-45.
Antibacterial
Paper
cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into
documentation.
century CE, possibly as early as the year 105 CE by the Han court eunuch Cai
Lun, and although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from
the 2nd century BCE in China. The modern pulp and paper industry is global,
with China leading its production and the United States right behind it.
Banana
Banana is one of the most important fruit crop plants and belongs to
the genus Musa. After harvesting the fruit, the plant is cut down and thrown
away, mostly as waste. The banana plant is largely divided into three parts-
pseudo stem portion of the plant fiber is suitable for making ropes and
twines.
Pseudostem and peduncle are the major source of fiber for banana.
These fibers can be used as raw material for making paper, cardboards, tea
second most produced fruit after citrus. It has 16% contribution in the
world’s total fruit production. It has also stated that India is the most or the
production. According to them the banana is useful in every part just like
their disposal. Therefore, the banana products have export potential. Unlike
the cellulose of linen and other cotton rags. Though manufacture of paper
from wooden pulp is easier than from cotton and linen cellulose, the strength
of its polymer chains is less than that in plants. Banana peels contain up to
human impact on environment. This is the basic idea behind ‘Musa Papyrus’.
The technique is relatively easy and does not require extensive or expensive
Mango
papers are made with the help of long kozo fibers and mulberry barks. The
same ingredients are used when making mango paper, but instead of
mulberry barks, kozo fibers are included in a portion of 60:40. These papers
are made in abundance in Thailand and India, and are light in weight, semi
transparent in nature and are very delicate. They are also available in a
variety of colors, but are usually made in variations of yellow and green. The
color of the paper depends on the variety of mango used. Usually the mango
leaves are added as fragments and these leaves shine in light all over the
paper. These papers have a level pH 6 which makes them slightly acidic.
In contrast with our study, instead of kozo fibers and mulberry barks
the researchers used dried mango leaves with banana peel starch to
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This section present the theory that support on this study. The research
came up with only one theory but assuring that this is adequate as a basis
this study.
paper, cheque paper as well as hard board industries. At first, raw materials
are collected from banana plants and fibres are collected afterwards. The
collected fibers are soaked in water prior to make pulp. Later, the extracted
fibre is bleached by microbial treatment using Trichoderma and Pythium for
3-5 days. These fungi acts on cellulose and breaks the bonds between lingo
down and leached out. It enhances the brightness of the paper and helps to
soften the fiber as well as do pulping process easier. After the microbial
including microbes and convert to pulp in a process called beating. All the
additives in required amount and actual proportions must add during the
(glue) are used to modify or enhance the bonding between the fibers in
paper pulp. In the sizing step it is tried to retard the ability of wetting and
petration. Sizing reduces prosity and hence reduces absorption ability. After
several steps to be carried out finished paper is made from pulp. This paper
cover, scribing pad, evelops, art paper, printing paper, etc. Besides, writing
foundation of this study. The study wants to further analyze and draw
producing paper.
Conceptual Framework
made up of dried leaves with banana pulp. The researcher gathered some
data that will help to stronger the study and to have firm foundation of the
Input
theory. Below is the summary figure of the Conceptual Framework.
-Dried leaves
Process
-Banana pulp
-Gathering of
data through - Evaluation
surveying tool/survey
questionnaire
Output
- Understanding
their respected
answers and see
if dried leaves
with banana pulp
is effective in
producing paper
Notes
faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx.
vegetable
Based
Banana Peel Biomass as a Tool of Nano-Biotechnology, global journal
Iralapati, V., and Kummari, S., 2014. Production of Citric Acid from
Different Fruit
Itelima, J., Onwuliri, F., Onwuliri, E., Onyimba, I., and Oforji, S., 2013. Bio-
Ethanol
(2),213-216.
Jadhav, S A., et al., 2013. Amylase Production from Potato and Banana
Peel
Methodology
Research Method
greatly in goal and scale, but always rely on repeatable procedure and logical
analysis of the results. (en.m.wikipedia.org) This may prove how the product
produce will differ in texture, color and size throughout the experiment.
Procedure of investigation
The researchers came up with the idea of formulating dried leaves and
home. The raw were the banana peels and dried mango leaves. The first
thing that the researchers do is to create the starch as the pulp in the
production of paper. The banana peel were gathered and sliced it into small
and thin pieces. The dry flesh and peel of green banana contained 69.5%
and 22.6% starch content, respectively, indicating that they are an important
starch resource. Then put the sliced banana in a bowl and add 5 tbsp. of
sodium metabisulfite, it helps the banana peel to dry faster. After that, the
researchers placed it in an oven toaster with 140 degrees. The next thing the
The second thing that the researchers do is the creation of paper itself.
First, get the fibers in the dried leaves because the fibers are needed.
Second is to place the fibers in the mortar and pestle. Third is placed it in the
mold and deckle, and put in 5 mg of fibers. Fourth is to mix the 5 tbsp of
banana peel starch that was made earlier and mix it with water. Lastly, is to
dry it under the heat of the sun until it dries or put it an oven and wait for 10
to 15 mins.
The data gathering tool used was experiment. The researchers conduct
Respondents
the researchers themselves and some chosen people from the areas of the
Statistical Tools
of likerts scale, the researchers let the respondents rate the color, texture,
Notes
Kumar, M., and Kumar, D., 2011. Comparative study of pulping of banana
stem,
Shindo, S., and Tachibana, T., 2006. Production of bioethanol from spent grain
- a by
product of beer production. Tech. Q. Master Brew. Assoc. Am., 43: 189–
193.
Umesh, M., and Preethi, K., 2014. Fermentative Utilization of Fruit Peel Waste
for Lactic