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    The document discusses waves and sound. It defines a wave as a periodic disturbance that moves through a medium, transferring energy from one particle to the next. There are two types of waves: mechanical waves, which need a material medium, and electromagnetic waves, which can travel through a vacuum. Sound is defined as a mechanical longitudinal wave that gives us the sensation of hearing. The key characteristics of sound waves are identified as frequency, wavelength, and speed of propagation. Various terms related to waves are defined, such as amplitude, wavelength, frequency, period, and types of mechanical waves. The document also discusses the nature and production of sound waves, how their characteristics determine qualities like loudness and pitch, and applications of sound like sonar and

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    PDJD 8 Wiwdx

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    11 views5 pages
    The document discusses waves and sound. It defines a wave as a periodic disturbance that moves through a medium, transferring energy from one particle to the next. There are two types of waves: mechanical waves, which need a material medium, and electromagnetic waves, which can travel through a vacuum. Sound is defined as a mechanical longitudinal wave that gives us the sensation of hearing. The key characteristics of sound waves are identified as frequency, wavelength, and speed of propagation. Various terms related to waves are defined, such as amplitude, wavelength, frequency, period, and types of mechanical waves. The document also discusses the nature and production of sound waves, how their characteristics determine qualities like loudness and pitch, and applications of sound like sonar and

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    The document discusses waves and sound. It defines a wave as a periodic disturbance that moves through a medium, transferring energy from one particle to the next. There are two types of waves: mechanical waves, which need a material medium, and electromagnetic waves, which can travel through a vacuum. Sound is defined as a mechanical longitudinal wave that gives us the sensation of hearing. The key characteristics of sound waves are identified as frequency, wavelength, and speed of propagation. Various terms related to waves are defined, such as amplitude, wavelength, frequency, period, and types of mechanical waves. The document also discusses the nature and production of sound waves, how their characteristics determine qualities like loudness and pitch, and applications of sound like sonar and

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views5 pages

    PDJD 8 Wiwdx

    Uploaded by

    thoudamrano740
    The document discusses waves and sound. It defines a wave as a periodic disturbance that moves through a medium, transferring energy from one particle to the next. There are two types of waves: mechanical waves, which need a material medium, and electromagnetic waves, which can travel through a vacuum. Sound is defined as a mechanical longitudinal wave that gives us the sensation of hearing. The key characteristics of sound waves are identified as frequency, wavelength, and speed of propagation. Various terms related to waves are defined, such as amplitude, wavelength, frequency, period, and types of mechanical waves. The document also discusses the nature and production of sound waves, how their characteristics determine qualities like loudness and pitch, and applications of sound like sonar and

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    Chapter

    = Type equation here.


    WAVES AND SOUND
    11
    NON TEXTUAL
    1.What is a wave?
    Ans : A wave is a moving disturbance.
    OR
    A wave is a periodic disturbance that moves through the medium when the particles of the medium
    induce the neighbouring particles into motion.

    2. What is sound? How is it produced?


    Ans: Sound is a form of energy that gives us the sensation of hearing.
    It is produced by vibration of objects or particles.

    3. How many types of waves are there? Define them with examples.
    Ans : There are two types of waves. They are
    i) Mechanical wave ii) Electromagnetic wave
    i) Mechanical wave: A wave that needs a material medium for its propagation is known as a
    mechanical wave.
    Example: Sound waves, ripples formed on the surface of water.

    ii) Electromagnetic wave: A wave that can travel even in vacuum is known as an
    electromagnetic wave.
    Example: Light waves, radio waves.

    4. What are the main characteristics of a sound wave?


    Ans : The main characteristics of a sound wave are:
    i)Frequency
    ii)wavelength
    iii)speed of propagation.

    5.Define frequency of a wave. Write its symbol and its S.I. unit.
    Ans :The number of vibrations or oscillations per unit time in a wave is known as its frequency.
    Its symbol is ν (nu) and its S.I.unit is hertz( Hz).

    6) Define wavelength of a wave. Write its symbol and its S.I. unit.
    Ans : The distance between two nearest crests or troughs in a transverse wave or the distance between
    two nearest compressions or rarefactions in a longitudinal wave is known as wavelength of a wave.
    Its symbol is λ (lemda). And its S.I. unit is m(metre).

    7. Define time period.Write its symbol and its S.I.unit.


    Ans : The time taken to complete one oscillation or vibration is known as time period.
    Its symbol is ‘T’ and S.I.unit is s(second).

    Standard- 9 Uripok Bachaspati Leikai, Uripok, Imphal, Manipur 795004 1


    PHYSICS WAVES AND SOUND

    8.How many types of mechanical waves are there?. Name and define them with examples.
    Ans : There are two types of mechanical waves. They are i) transverse wave and
    ii) longitudinal wave.
    i)Tranverse wave: A mechanical wave where the particles of the medium vibrate in a direction
    perpendicular to the direction of motion of the wave is known as a transverse wave.
    Example: Ripples formed on the surface of water, light waves(even though it is an electromagnetic
    wave)
    ii)Longitudinal wave: : A mechanical wave where the particles of the medium vibrate in the line of
    direction of propagation of the wave is known as a longitudinal wave.
    Example: Sound waves.

    9. Define amplitude of a wave. Write its symbol and its S.I. unit.
    Ans: The magnitude of the maximum disturbance in the medium on either side of the mean value of
    density or pressure of the medium is called the amplitude of the wave.
    Its symbol is ‘A’ and its S.I.unit is m(metre).

    10. What is tone?


    Ans : Sound of single frequency is known as tone.

    11. What is note?


    Ans : Sound which is a mixture of several frequencies is known as note.

    12. What is mean position of an object?


    Ans : The undisturbed position of an object is known as mean position of the object.

    13. What is quality or timbre?


    Ans: The characteristic of sound which enables us to distinguish one sound from another having the
    same pitch and loudness is called quality or timbre.

    14. What is the relationship between speed of propagation, frequency and wavelength of a wave?
    Ans : The relationship between speed of propagation, frequency and wavelength of a wave is speed of
    propagation=frequency X wavelength.
    i.e., v = ν x λ

    15. What determines the loudness or softness of sound?


    Ans :The amplitude of sound determines its loudness or softness.

    16. On what factor does the amplitude of sound wave depend?


    Ans :The amplitude of sound wave depends upon the force with which a sounding object is made to
    vibrate.

    2 Uripok Bachaspati Leikai, Uripok, Imphal, Manipur 795004 Standard 9


    PHYSICS WAVES AND SOUND

    17. On what factors does the loudness of sound depend?


    Ans : The loudness of sound depends on
    i) Amplitude of vibration: More the amplitude of vibration , more is the loudness.
    ii) Area of vibration: More the area of vibration , more is the loudness of sound.
    iii) Distance between the sounding body and receiving body: lesser the distance between the
    sounding body and the receiving body, more is the loudness.
    iv) Direction of wind: if wind blows towards the direction of the receiving body from the sounding
    body, loudness of sound is more.

    18. What is the difference between noise and musical sound?


    Ans: Sound which is unpleasant to the ear is called noise whereas sound which is pleasant to hear and
    is of rich quality is called musical sound.

    19.Define intensity of sound.


    Ans : The amount of sound energy crossing through a unit area per second is called the intensity of
    sound.

    20. Define loudness of sound.


    Ans : Loudness is the amount of sensation produced in the ear and depends upon the listener.

    21. How is the speed of sound in different medium?


    Ans: Sound travels with different speeds in different medium. Sound travels fastest in solid, lesser in
    liquid and the least in air or gas.

    22.What is reflection of sound?


    Ans : The phenomenon of bouncing off of sound from a surface is known as reflection of sound.

    23. What is echo?


    Ans : The reflected sound that we hear is known as echo.

    24. How long does the sensation of sound persist in our brain?
    Ans : The sensation of sound persists in our brain for about 0.1 s.

    25. What is reverberation/reververation?


    Ans : The repeated reflection that results in the persistence of sound is called
    reverberation of sound.

    26. What are the ways to reduce reverberation?


    Ans : The reverberation can be reduced by covering the roofs and walls of the auditorium with sound-
    absorbent materials like compressed fibreboard, rough plaster or draperies. The seat materials in
    auditoriums are also selected on the basis of their sound absorbing properties.

    Standard- 9 Uripok Bachaspati Leikai, Uripok, Imphal, Manipur 795004 3


    PHYSICS WAVES AND SOUND

    27.What is the audible range of frequency?


    Ans : 20 hertz to 20,000hertz is the audible range of frequency.

    28. What is infrasonic or infrasound?


    Ans : Sound of frequency lesser than 20hertz is known as infrasonic or infrasound.

    29.What is ultrasonic or ultrasound?


    Ans : Sound of frequency higher than 20,000hertz(20KHz) is known as ultrasonic or ultrasound.

    30.Write the uses of ultrasound.


    Ans: Ultrasounds are used
    i) in industries (cleaning, detection of flaws or cracks),
    ii) for medical purposes (echocardiography, ultrasound scanner, breaking of small stones
    formed in kidneys; sterilization) and
    iii) in navigation purposes.

    31. What is SONAR? What is its full form?


    Ans : SONAR is device used to measure the depth of seabed, direction and speed of under water
    objects.
    It stands for Sound Navigation And Ranging.

    32. What does SONAR consist of ? Where is it installed?


    Ans : Sonar consists of a transmitter and a detector for ultrasonic waves.
    Both are installed in a boat or a ship.

    33. What is hearing Aid?


    Ans : A hearing aid is an electronic device operated with the help of battery and used by persons with
    hearing loss.

    TEXTUAL QUESTIONS

    5. When you call your friend by name, do you produce a wave pulse of sound or a periodic wave?
    Ans : When you call your friend by name, a periodic wave is produced as there is a continuous
    disturbance of air.

    7. Flash and thunder are produced simultaneously. But thunder is heard a few seconds after the flash is
    seen, why?
    Ans : It is because light travels faster than sound.

    8. Does sound follow the same laws of reflection as light does? Expain.
    Ans: Yes.
    It is because, the angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection.

    4 Uripok Bachaspati Leikai, Uripok, Imphal, Manipur 795004 Standard 9


    PHYSICS WAVES AND SOUND

    The incident sound, the normal at the point of incidence and the reflected sound always lie in the same
    plane.

    13. A sound waves travels in a medium at a speed of 340m/s. If its wavelength is 1 . 7cm, What is the
    frequency? Will it be an audible sound?
    Ans : Given, speed of sound in air, V= 340m/s
    Wavelength,λ = 1 . 7cm =0.017m
    By V =νλ we get
    V
    ν=
    λ
    340m/s
    ⇒ν=
    0.017m
    Or ν = 20,000Hz
    It is an audible sound.

    15. A source of sound produces 20 crests and 20 troughs in 0.2s. Find the frequency of the wave.
    Ans : Given, no. of crests=20, no. of troughs = 20
    So, no. of vibrations=20
    Time,t=0.2s
    no.of vibrations
    By, frequency,ν= we get
    Time
    20
    ν= =100Hz
    0.2
    ------------------------------------x-------------------------------------x------------------------------------------

    Standard- 9 Uripok Bachaspati Leikai, Uripok, Imphal, Manipur 795004 5

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