Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 37 views

    Circular Measure (Math)

    Uploaded by

    pushp
    The document discusses various properties of circles: 1. A circle has symmetry about any diameter and rotational symmetry about its center. The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the center. 2. Equal chords are equidistant from the center. Two tangents drawn from the same external point are of equal length. 3. Several angle relationships are described, including a semicircle forming a right angle, the tangent and radius forming a right angle, the angle at the center being twice the angle at the circumference, and properties of cyclic quadrilaterals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Circular Measure (Math)

    Uploaded by

    pushp
    37 views16 pages
    The document discusses various properties of circles: 1. A circle has symmetry about any diameter and rotational symmetry about its center. The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the center. 2. Equal chords are equidistant from the center. Two tangents drawn from the same external point are of equal length. 3. Several angle relationships are described, including a semicircle forming a right angle, the tangent and radius forming a right angle, the angle at the center being twice the angle at the circumference, and properties of cyclic quadrilaterals.

    Original Title

    Circular Measure (math) ppt

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses various properties of circles: 1. A circle has symmetry about any diameter and rotational symmetry about its center. The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the center. 2. Equal chords are equidistant from the center. Two tangents drawn from the same external point are of equal length. 3. Several angle relationships are described, including a semicircle forming a right angle, the tangent and radius forming a right angle, the angle at the center being twice the angle at the circumference, and properties of cyclic quadrilaterals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    37 views16 pages

    Circular Measure (Math)

    Uploaded by

    pushp
    The document discusses various properties of circles: 1. A circle has symmetry about any diameter and rotational symmetry about its center. The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the center. 2. Equal chords are equidistant from the center. Two tangents drawn from the same external point are of equal length. 3. Several angle relationships are described, including a semicircle forming a right angle, the tangent and radius forming a right angle, the angle at the center being twice the angle at the circumference, and properties of cyclic quadrilaterals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    Properties of a circle –

    Symmetry (Chapter 19)


    IGCSE Mathematics
    Recap – What
    are the parts
    of a circle?
    • A circle has line symmetry about any
    diameter, and it has rotational symmetry
    about its center
    Symmetry • The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes
    properties of through the center.
    • Equal chords are equidistant from the center
    circles
    • Two tangents drawn to a circle from the
    same point outside the circle are equal in
    length.
    • This States that: The perpendicular bisector
    of a chord passes through the center.

    • The perpendicular bisector of chord AB is


    Property 1 equidistant from A and B.
    • But since A and B are on the circumference
    of the circle, they are also equidistant from
    the center, and therefore are radii.
    Example
    Try it out! Solve for the
    side CB
    • The way to solve the question is simply
    by using the Pythagorean theorem!
    • Since MCB forms a right-angled triangle,
    by using Pythagoras theorem you can
    solve for the side CB by subtracting the
    squares of the hypotenuse (MB) and
    side (MC), giving 200^2 – 120^2 =
    25600
    • Finally, by rooting the answer we get
    the answer 160cm, therefore BC is
    160Cm
    Property 2
    • If chords AB and CD are the same
    length, then OM = ON, and vice
    versa.
    • This is true because triangle OAM
    is congruent to triangle ODN and
    because the circle has rotational
    symmetry about its center, O.
    Sample question
    • O is the center of the circle, radius
    11 cm. AB and CD are chords, AB =
    14 cm. If OX = OY, find the length of
    OY correct to 2 decimal places

    Answer:
    • Since OX = OY, chords are equidistant so, AB
    = CD = 14 cm CY = YD = 7 cm
    • OY^2 = 11^2 – 7^2 = 72
    • Therefore OY = 8.49 cm.
    Property 3
    Two tangents drawn to a
    circle from the same point
    outside the circle are equal
    in length.
    A and B are the points of
    contact of the tangents
    drawn from P. The result is
    PA = PB.
    Sample question

    • Find the length of x and y in this diagram correct


    to 2 decimal places where appropriate

    Answer:

    NM = PM = 25 cm
    Y^2 = X^2 + NO^2
    Y= 27.73
    • There are multiple angle relationships that
    can be found in circles, we’ll look at:
    • a semi-circle having a right angle (90°)
    Angle • tangent and radius forming a right angle
    relationships • angle at the center of, and at circumference
    in circles • Cyclic quadrilaterals.
    • Alternate segment theorem
    A semi-circle
    having a right angle
    (90°)
    • This property simply states that
    an angle created when a triangle
    is made by connecting the
    diameter to any point on the
    circumference, is always a right
    angle.
    The angle between
    the tangent and
    radius
    • This property shows that when a
    tangent meets the radius of the
    circle, they are perpendicular,
    hence angles a and b are both 90-
    degree, right angles.
    The angle at the center
    of, and at circumference
    • This property states that the angle
    created from 2 points to the
    center of the circle will always be 2
    times the size of an angle created
    using the same 2 points GIVEN
    that the point used is on the
    circumference and in the MAJOR
    sector.
    • This also proves that, using the
    same 2 points, any angle created
    by connecting to a point on the
    circumference will always create
    the same angle GIVEN they are in
    the same segment.
    The opposite angles of a cyclical
    quadrilateral add up to 180
    • A cyclical quadrilateral is a 4-sided polygon created with
    all its vertices on the circumference of the circle.
    • These properties state that the opposite angles of a cyclic
    quadrilateral add up to 180, and consecutively, an angle
    is equal to the exterior angle of its opposite angle (x = a
    and a = c)
    Alternate
    segment theorem
    • The alternate segment theorem
    states that the angle between
    the tangent and chord is always
    equal to the angle in the
    alternate segment.

    You might also like