Chemical Reactions Worksheet-1

CHEMICAL REACTION WORKSHEET
1 Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to form water and oxygen. This reaction is catalysed by
manganese(IV) oxide.
2H2O2(aq) →2H2O(l) + O2(g)
The rate of this reaction can be investigated using the following apparatus.
oxygen gas
aqueous hydrogen peroxide

and manganese(IV) oxide
3
40 cm of aqueous hydrogen peroxide was put in the flask and 0.1 g of small lumps of
manganese(IV) oxide was added.
The volume of oxygen collected was measured every 30 seconds. The results
were plotted to give the graph shown below.
volume of
oxygen
0
0 t t2 t3
1
time
(a) (i) How do the rates at times t1, t2 and t3 differ?
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [2]
https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAEzAlknx0zuKuHgfCQ
2
(ii) Explain the trend in reaction rate that you described in (a)(i).
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) The experiment was repeated using 0.1 g of finely powdered manganese(IV) oxide. All the
other variables were kept the same.
(i) On the axes, sketch the graph that would be expected.

[2]
(ii) Explain the shape of this graph.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) Describe how you could show that the catalyst, manganese(IV) oxide, was not used up in the
reaction. Manganese(IV) oxide is insoluble in water.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [4]
3
(d) In the first experiment, the maximum volume of oxygen produced was 96 cm measured at
3
r.t.p. Calculate the concentration of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide in mol / dm .
2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
(i) number of moles of O2 formed = ................................................................. [1]

3
(ii) number of moles of H2O2 in 40 cm of solution = ..................................... [1]
3
(iii) concentration of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide in mol / dm = ........................... [1]
[Total: 15]
3
2 Displacement reactions are redox reactions.

On the following equation, draw a ring around the reducing agent and an arrow to show
the change which is oxidation.
2+ 2+
Zn + Pb → Zn + Pb
[2]
[Total: 2]
3 Substance X is used to treat industrial waste.
industrial waste treated waste

pH 4 pH 7
What is X and which type of reaction occurs during the treatment?
X type of reaction
A calcium oxide (lime) neutralisation

B calcium oxide (lime) redox
C carbon neutralisation
D carbon redox
[1]
[Total: 1]
4 A reversible reaction is shown.
2NO2(g) ⇌ N2O4(g) H = −58 kJ / mol
Which statement about an equilibrium mixture of NO2 and N2O4 is correct?
A If the pressure is decreased the amount of N2O4 increases.
B If the temperature is increased the amount of N2O4 increases.
C The rates of formation and decomposition of N2O4 are not the same.
D The decomposition of N2O4 is an endothermic reaction.
[1]
4
[Total: 1]
5 Which statement about catalysts in chemical reactions is not correct?
A Catalysts are not used up in the reaction.
B Catalysts increase the energy of the reacting particles.
C Catalysts increase the rate of the reaction.
D Catalysts lower the activation energy.
[1]
[Total: 1]
6 Methanol is manufactured by reacting carbon monoxide and hydrogen together in the presence
of an aluminium oxide catalyst.
The equation for the reaction is shown.
CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g)
The reaction is a reversible reaction.
The forward reaction is exothermic.
Which change in conditions increases the yield of methanol?
A decreasing the concentration of the carbon monoxide
B increasing the pressure
C increasing the rate of the reaction
D increasing the temperature
[1]
[Total: 1]
5
7 Methanol is made by reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen.
The reaction is exothermic and is a chemical equilibrium.
The equation for the reaction is shown.
Which changes in temperature and pressure increase the yield of methanol?
temperature pressure
A decrease decrease
B decrease increase
C increase decrease
D increase increase
[1]
[Total: 1]
8 Which row explains why increasing temperature increases the rate of reaction?
particles collide particles collide

more often with more energy
A ✓ ✓
B ✓ ✗
C ✗ ✓
D ✗ ✗
[1]
[Total: 1]
6
9 The table gives some chemical properties of transition elements and their compounds, and of
Group I elements and their compounds.
chemical property transition elements Group I elements
ability to act as catalysts yes no
exist as coloured compounds yes no
What is meant by the term catalyst?
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
10 When cobalt(II) chloride is added to water an equilibrium is established.
2–
(a) A student adds water to a blue solution containing [CoCl4] ions.
Describe what the student observes. Give a reason for your answer in terms of the position
of the equilibrium.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
2–
(b) Another student cools a blue solution containing [CoCl4] . The blue solution turns pink.
What does this information indicate about the forward reaction?
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 3]
11 Hydrogen and iodine react together in a reversible reaction. Hydrogen iodide is formed.
H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)
7
colourless purple colourless

gas gas gas
A gas syringe containing an equilibrium mixture of hydrogen, iodine and hydrogen iodide gases
was sealed and heated to 250 °C. The equilibrium mixture was a pale purple colour.
equilibrium mixture of hydrogen,

iodine and hydrogen iodide
end blocked
The temperature of the gas syringe was increased to 300 °C.
(a) What happened to the position of the equilibrium when the temperature of the gas syringe
was increased from 250 °C to 300 °C?
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) What happened to the rate of the forward reaction and the rate of the backward reaction when
the temperature of the gas syringe was increased from 250 °C to 300 °C?
rate of the forward reaction ...............................................................................................
rate of the backward reaction ........................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 3]
12 When chlorine gas is passed through aqueous potassium bromide, a redox reaction occurs.
The ionic equation is shown.
– –
Cl2 + 2Br → 2Cl + Br2
(a) Write an ionic half-equation showing what happens to the chlorine molecules, Cl2, in this
reaction.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
–
(b) Explain why the bromide ions, Br , act as reducing agents in this reaction.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 2]
13 Cobalt reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to make the salt cobalt(II) chloride. Bubbles of hydrogen
gas are produced.
8
(a) The rate of reaction of cobalt with dilute hydrochloric acid can be made faster by heating the
acid or by increasing its concentration.
State one other way to make the rate of reaction faster.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Use collision theory to explain how heating the dilute hydrochloric acid makes the rate of
reaction faster.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 4]
14 When a piece of zinc metal is added to copper(II) sulfate solution there is an immediate reaction.
Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
(a) Explain why zinc metal reacts with copper(II) sulfate.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) What type of reaction is this?
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 2]
15 The reaction at the anode during the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis is shown.
2– –
2O → O2 + 4e
Is this process oxidation or reduction?

Give a reason for your answer.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
16 Hydrogen and iodine react together in a reversible reaction. Hydrogen iodide is formed.
H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)
9
colourless purple colourless

gas gas gas
A gas syringe containing an equilibrium mixture of hydrogen, iodine and hydrogen iodide gases
was sealed and heated to 250 °C. The equilibrium mixture was a pale purple colour.
equilibrium mixture of hydrogen,

iodine and hydrogen iodide
end blocked
The plunger of the gas syringe was pressed in while the end of the gas syringe was blocked. This
increased the pressure. The position of the equilibrium did not change. The colour of the gaseous
mixture turned darker purple.
(a) Give a reason why the position of the equilibrium did not change.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Suggest why the gaseous mixture turned darker purple, even though the position of the
equilibrium did not change.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 2]
17 Hydrogen gas reacts with iodine gas. The equation is shown.
H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)
The reaction is reversible and can reach equilibrium.
The graph shows how the concentration of hydrogen iodide, HI, changes after hydrogen gas and
iodine gas are mixed together in a sealed container.
concentration of
hydrogen iodide
time
10
(a) When is the rate of reaction fastest?
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The reaction was repeated at the same temperature and pressure but in the presence of a
catalyst.
Draw a graph on the same axes to show how the concentration of hydrogen iodide changes
with time in the presence of a catalyst.
[2]
[Total: 3]
18 A student investigated the progress of the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl, and an
excess of large pieces of marble, CaCO3, using the apparatus shown.
gas syringe
dilute
hydrochloric acid an excess of large
pieces of marble
A graph of the volume of gas produced against time is shown.
150
100
volume of gas
produced / cm3
50
0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
time / s
The experiment was repeated using the same mass of smaller pieces of marble. All other conditions
were kept the same.
Draw a graph on the grid to show the progress of the reaction using the smaller pieces of
marble. [2]
11
[Total: 2]
19 Element X can undergo the following physical changes.
gaseous X
boiling or
evaporation
2
liquid X 4
3
1
solid X
(a) Give the scientific name for each of the numbered physical changes.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................................................
4 ........................................................................................................................................ [4]
(b) Explain why the changes shown are physical changes.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) One difference between boiling and evaporation is the rate at which the processes occur.
State one other difference between boiling and evaporation.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]
12
H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)
What is meant by the term equilibrium?
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)
A mixture of hydrogen gas and iodine gas is allowed to reach equilibrium.
(a) Increasing the pressure of a gas increases its concentration.
State and explain the effect of increasing the pressure on the rate of the forward reaction.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) State and explain the effect of increasing the temperature on the rate of the reverse reaction.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 5]
H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)
13
The graphs show how pressure affects the yield of hydrogen iodide, HI, at two different temperatures.
500 °C
yield of
hydrogen iodide
700 °C
pressure
(a) Explain why the yield at 500 °C does not change as the pressure is increased.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) What can you conclude from the difference in the yield of hydrogen iodide at the two
temperatures shown?
Explain your answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 3]
23 Sulfuric acid is manufactured by the Contact process. One step in the Contact process involves a
reversible reaction in which sulfur trioxide, SO3, is formed.
(a) Write a chemical equation for this reversible reaction. Include the correct symbol to show that
the reaction is reversible.
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) State the conditions and name the catalyst used in this reversible reaction.
temperature ......................................................................................................................
pressure ............................................................................................................................
catalyst ............................................................................................................................. [3]
14
(c) Describe how the sulfur trioxide formed is converted into sulfuric acid in the next steps of the
Contact process.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]
24 A student investigates the rate of reaction between lumps of calcium carbonate and dilute
hydrochloric acid using the apparatus shown.
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
The calcium carbonate was in excess.
gas syringe
lumps of calcium carbonate dilute hydrochloric acid
Which measurements should the student make during the reaction to determine the rate of reaction?
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
15
gas syringe
The student repeated the experiment at a higher temperature. All other conditions were kept the
same. The student found that the rate of reaction increased.
Explain, in terms of collisions, why the rate of reaction increased.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
16
gas syringe
Apart from using a higher temperature, suggest two other methods of increasing the rate of this
reaction.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
gas syringe
What happens to the rate of reaction as the reaction proceeds? Explain your answer.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
17
[Total: 3]
28 Displacement reactions occur between metals and metal ions.
Displacement reactions can be used to determine the order of reactivity of metals such as
lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and silver (Ag).
The ionic equation for a displacement reaction is shown.

2+ 2+
Ni(s) + Pb (aq) → Pb(s) + Ni (aq)
The ionic half-equations for this reaction are shown.

2+ –
Ni(s) → Ni (aq) + 2e
2+ –
Pb (aq) + 2e → Pb(s)
The ionic half-equations show that electrons are donated by nickel atoms and accepted by
lead ions.
(a)
(i) Identify the reducing agent in the displacement reaction. Give a reason for your answer.
reducing agent .......................................................................................................
reason ................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) What is the general term given to the type of reaction in which electrons are transferred
from one species to another?
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) The ionic equation for another displacement reaction is shown.

+ 2+
Pb(s) + 2Ag (aq) → 2Ag(s) + Pb (aq)
Write the two ionic half-equations for this reaction.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]
18
(c) Use the information in (a) and (b) to put the three metals lead, nickel and silver in order of
reactivity.
[1]
[Total: 6]
29 Methanol is made industrially by reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen. The gases react at a
temperature of 250 °C and a pressure of 75 atmospheres.
(a) Suggest a source of hydrogen for this industrial process.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Complete the table using only the words increases, decreases or no change.
effect on the rate effect on the equilibrium
of the reverse reaction yield of CH3OH(g)
adding a catalyst no change
increasing the temperature increases
decreasing the pressure
[4]
[Total: 5]
30 Phosphorus, P4, reacts with air to produce phosphorus(V) oxide, P4O10.
(a) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) What type of chemical reaction is this?
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 3]

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CHEMICAL REACTION WORKSHEET

2H2O2(aq) →2H2O(l) + O2(g)

aqueous hydrogen peroxide

(a) (i) How do the rates at times t1, t2 and t3 differ?

(i) On the axes, sketch the graph that would be expected.

(ii) Explain the shape of this graph.

2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

(i) number of moles of O2 formed = ................................................................. [1]

2 Displacement reactions are redox reactions.

3 Substance X is used to treat industrial waste.

industrial waste treated waste

What is X and which type of reaction occurs during the treatment?

A calcium oxide (lime) neutralisation

4 A reversible reaction is shown.

2NO2(g) ⇌ N2O4(g) H = −58 kJ / mol

Which statement about an equilibrium mixture of NO2 and N2O4 is correct?

A If the pressure is decreased the amount of N2O4 increases.

B If the temperature is increased the amount of N2O4 increases.

D The decomposition of N2O4 is an endothermic reaction.

5 Which statement about catalysts in chemical reactions is not correct?

A Catalysts are not used up in the reaction.

B Catalysts increase the energy of the reacting particles.

C Catalysts increase the rate of the reaction.

D Catalysts lower the activation energy.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g)

The reaction is a reversible reaction.

The forward reaction is exothermic.

Which change in conditions increases the yield of methanol?

A decreasing the concentration of the carbon monoxide

B increasing the pressure

C increasing the rate of the reaction

D increasing the temperature

7 Methanol is made by reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen.

The reaction is exothermic and is a chemical equilibrium.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g)

Which changes in temperature and pressure increase the yield of methanol?

particles collide particles collide

chemical property transition elements Group I elements

ability to act as catalysts yes no

exist as coloured compounds yes no

What is meant by the term catalyst?

10 When cobalt(II) chloride is added to water an equilibrium is established.

What does this information indicate about the forward reaction?

H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)

colourless purple colourless

The forward reaction is exothermic.

equilibrium mixture of hydrogen,

The temperature of the gas syringe was increased to 300 °C.

rate of the forward reaction ...............................................................................................

rate of the backward reaction ........................................................................................... [2]

State one other way to make the rate of reaction faster.

(a) Explain why zinc metal reacts with copper(II) sulfate.

(b) What type of reaction is this?

Is this process oxidation or reduction?

H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)

colourless purple colourless