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Gravitation

FORMULA AND FLOW CHART

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3. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Q.1 Which of the following is the evidence to show that there must be a force acting on earth and
directed towards the sun
(a) Deviation of the falling bodies towards east
(b) Revolution of the earth round the sun
(c) Phenomenon of day and night
(d) Apparent motion of sun round the earth

Q.2. Newton’s law of gravitation is valid

(a) in laboratory (b) only on the earth
(c) only in our solar system (d) everywhere

Q.3. Which of the following statements is true?

(a) g is same at all places on the surface of earth.
(b) g has its maximum value at the equator. (c) g is less at the earth’s surface than
at a heightabove it or a depth below it. (d) g is greater at the poles than at the
equator.

Q.4. What happens to the acceleration due to gravity with the

increase in altitude from the surface of the earth?
(a) Increases (b) Decreases
(c) First decreases and then increases (d) Remains same.

Q.5 There is no atmosphere on the moon because

(a) it is closer to the earth (b) it revolves round the earth
(c) it gets light from the sun
(d) the escape velocity of gas molecules is less than their root mean square velocity here.

Q.6. The tidal waves in the sea are primarily due to

(a) The gravitational effect of the moon on the earth
(b) The gravitational effect of the sun on the earth (c) The
gravitational effect of Venus on the earth (d) The atmospheric
effect of the earth itself.

Q.7 If the distance between two masses is doubled, the gravitational attraction between them
(a) Is doubled (b) Becomes four times
(c) Is reduced to half (d) Is reduced to a quarter.

Q.8 The value of ‘g’

a. Increases as we go above the earth’s surface
b. Decreases as we go to the Centre of the earth
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c. Remains constant
d. Is more at equator and less at poles.

Q.9 The distance between two bodies becomes 6 times more than the usual distance. The the F
becomes
a. 36 times b. 6 times
c. 12 times d. 1/36 times.
Q.10When an object is thrown upward, the force of gravity is
(a) opposite to the direction of motion
(b) in the same direction as the direction of motion (c) becomes zero at
the highest point (d) increases as it rises up.

Q.11 Where will it be profitable to purchase one kilogram sugar?

(a) At poles (b) At equator
(c) At 45c latitude (d) at 40c latitude.

12 Acceleration due to gravity is maximum at (R is theradius of earth)

(a) a height R from the earth’s surface (b) the Centre of the earth
(c) the surface of the earth (d) a depth R from earth’s surface.

13. The value of acceleration due to gravity is high if

(a) mass and radius both are small (b) mass is small and radius is large (c)
mass is large and radius is small (d) mass and radius both are large.

Q.14. An apple falls towards the earth because the earth attracts it. The apple also attracts the
earth by the same force. Why do we not see the earth rising towards the apple?
(a) Acceleration of the earth is very large when compared to that of apple.
(b) Acceleration of the earth is equal to that of apple.
(c) Acceleration of the earth is neither high nor too low.
(d) Acceleration of the earth is very small when compared to that of apple.

Q.15 The value of g is zero

(a) at the top of the atmosphere
(b) at 20 km below the surface of the earth (c) at 20 km above the
surface of the earth (d) at the Centre of the earth.

16. A coin and a feather are dropped together in a vacuum.

Then
(a) the coin will reach the ground first
(b) the feather will reach the ground first (c) both will reach the ground
at the same time (d) the feather will not fall down.

Q.17Conventionally, the magnitude of gravitational potential energy for an object at infinity from the
earth is _____ (M = Mass of the earth; m = Mass of the object at infinity; R = Radius of the earth).
a) -(GM)/R2 b) -(GM)/R
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c) -(GMm)/R d) Zero

Q.18The gravitational potential energy of the Moon with respect to Earth is

(a) always positive (b) always negative
(c) can be positive or negative (d) always zero
Q.19. The masses of two planets are in the ratio 1 : 2. Their radii are in the ratio 1 : 2. The
acceleration due to gravity on the planets are in the ratio.
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
(c) 3 : 5 (d) 5 : 3

Q.20. . When a body is thrown up, the force of gravity is

(a) in the upward direction (b) in the downward direction
(c) zero (d) in the horizontal direction.

Q.21A artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit around the earth has a total (kinetic +
potential) energy E0. Its potential energy is
(a) 2E0 (b) E0
(c) 1.5 E0 (d) -E0

Q.22 A missile is launched with a velocity less than the escape velocity. The sum of its kinetic
and potential energy is
(a) Positive (b) Negative
(c) Zero (d) may be positive or negative

Q.23 The escape velocity of projection from the earth is approximately (R = 6400 km)
(a) 7 km/sec (b) 11.2 km/sec
(c) 122 km/sec (d) 1.1 km/sec

Q.24 The mass of a body is measured to be 12 kg on theearth. If it is taken to the moon, its mass
will be
(a) 12 kg (b) 6 kg
(c) 2 kg (d) 72 kg

Q.25. The weight of a body is 120 N on the earth. If it is taken

to the moon, its weight will be about
(a) 120 N (b) 60 N
(c) 20 N (d) 720 N

Q.26. The mass of a body is increased 4 fold and mass of

other body is increased 16 fold. How should the distance
between them be changed to keep the same gravitational
force between them?
(a) 4 times (b) 16 times
(c) 8 times (d) 81 times
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Q.27. When you put an object on a spring balance, what do

you measure?
(a) Weight (b) Force (c)
Mass (d) Acceleration.

Q.28. . In spaceship moving in space, person experience

weightlessness as the value of
(a) mass is zero (b) acceleration due to gravity is zero (c)
gravitational force is zero (d) none of these.

Q.29. Orbital velocity of earth satellite does not depend on

(a) mass of the earth (b) mass of the satellite
(c) radius of the earth (d) acceleration due to gravity

Q.30. Which of the following is correct? (a)

Weight is a scalar quantity.
(b) Weight is not a fundamental quantity.
(c) Weight does not depend on acceleration due togravity.
(d) None of these

Q.31 The value of acceleration due to gravity at the MountEverest is

(a) g (b) > g
(c) < g (d) zero

Q.32 The mass of the body on moon is 40kg, what is the weight on the earth.
a. 240kg b. 392N
c. 240N d. 400kg

Q.33 The mean radius of the earth is R, its angular speed on its own axis is w and the
acceleration due to gravity at earth’s surface is g. The cube of the radius of the orbit of a
geostationary satellite will be
(a) R²g / w (b) R²w²/ g
(c) RG w² (d) R²g / w²

Q.34 The escape velocity for a body projected vertically upwards from the surface of the earth is
11 km/s. If the body is projected at an angle of 450 with the vertical, the escape velocity will be
(a) 11/√2 km/s (b) 11√2 km/s (c)
2 km/s (d) 11 km/s

Q.35. If the distance between the Earth and Sun were to be doubled from its present value, the
number of days in a year would be
(a) 64.5 (b) 1032
(c) 182.5 (d) 730
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Q.36. A planet moving along an elliptical orbit is closest to the Sun at distance r 1 and farthest
away at a distance of r2. If v1 and v2 are linear speeds at these points respectively. Then the ratio
V1/V2 is

2
a) b)

2
c) d)
Q.37The time period of a satellite orbiting Earth in a cirular orbit is independent of
(a) Radius of the orbit (b) The mass of the satellite
(c) Both the mass and radius of the orbit
(d) Neither the mass nor the radius of its orbit
Q.38. A body weighs 500 N on the surface of the earth. How much would it weight half way
below the surface of the earth?
(a) 1000 N (b) 500 N
(c) 250 N (d) 125 N

Q.39 The time – period of a satellite of earth is 5 hours. If the separation between the earth and
the satellite is increased to 4 times the previous value, the new time – period will become
(a) 10 hours (b) 20 hours
(c) 40 hours (d) 80 hours

Q.40. What would be the duration of the year if the distance between the earth and the sun gets
doubled?
(a) 1032 days (b) 129 days
(c) 365 days (d) 730 days

Q.41 If a body of mass m is taken out from a point below the surface of earth equal to half the
radius of earth, R, to a height R above the earths surface, then work done on it will be
(a) (5/6) mgR (b) (6/7) mgR
(c) (7/8) mgR (d) (8/9) mgR

Q.42 A body is projected vertically from the surface of the earth of radius R with velocity equal
to half of the escape velocity. The maximum height reached by the body is
(a) R (b) R/2
(c) R/3 (d) R/4

Q.43 The value of g at a particular point is 9.8 m/sec² suppose the earth suddenly shrink
uniformly to half its present size without losing any mass. The value of g at the same point
(assuming that the distance of the point from the Centre of the earth does not shrink) will become
(a) 9.8 m/sec² (b) 4.9 m/sec²
(c) 19.6 m/sec² (d) 2.45 m/sec²
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Q.44 If the radius of the earth were to be raise by 1% its mass remaining the same, the
acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the earth will
(a) increase by 1% (b) decrease by 2%
(c) decrease by 1% (d) increase by 2%

Q.45 If the distance between the earth and the sun were half its present value, the number of day
in a year would have been
(a) 64.5 (b) 129
(c) 182.5 (d) 730

Q.46 A satellite of the earth is revolving in a circular orbit with a uniform speed v. If the
gravitational force suddenly disappears, the satellite will
(a) Continue to move with velocity v along the original orbit
(b) Move with a velocity v, tangentially to the original orbit
(c) Fall down with increasing velocity
(d) Ultimately come to rest somewhere on the original orbit.

Q.47. A body of mass 1kg is attracted by the earth with a force which is equal to
a. 9.8N b. 6.67x 1011
c. 1 N d. 9.8m/s

Q.48. What is the gravitational force between two objects?

a. attractive at large distances only
b. attractive at small distances only
c. attractive at all distances
d. attractive at large distances but repulsive at small distances

Q.49 From Kepler’s law of orbit, we can infer that the sun is located _____ of the planet’s orbit.
a) at the centre b) at one of the foci
c) at both foci d) anywhere along the semi-minor axis

Q.50.What does Kepler’s law of period relate?

a) Time period and semi-minor axis b) Time period and eccentricity
c) Time period and semi-major axis d) Time period and area swept by the planet

4.Assertion and reasoning questions.

Instructions for Questions 1-20.

These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While
answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
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(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

Q.1Assertion : When distance between two bodies is doubled and also mass of each body is
doubled, gravitational force between them remains the same.
Reason : According to Newton’s law of gravitation, force is directly proportional to product of
the mass of bodies and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.2Assertion: The value of acceleration due to gravity does not depends upon mass of the body
on which force is applied.
Reason: Acceleration due to gravity is a constant quantity.
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.3Assertion : The acceleration due to gravity on the moon is one-sixth that on the
earth. Reason : The law of gravitation is the same on both the moon and the earth.
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.4 Assertion: The acceleration due to gravity increases with height above the earth's surface
Reason: Gravitational force increases with height
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.5 Assertion: Objects appear 'weightless' inside an orbiting spacecraft.

Reason: Objects in circular motion experience centripetal force
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.6 Assertion: The earth revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit. Reason: The sun
always attracts the earth with the same force.
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.7 Assertion: Any two objects in the universe attract each other by a force called gravitation
force.
Reason: The force of gravitation exerted by the earth is called gravity.

(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.8 Assertion: It is necessary to use satellites for long distance T.V transmission
Reason : The television signals are low frequency signals
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.9Assertion : Gravitational potential of earth at every place body are equal to one. <br>
Reason: Everybody on earth is bound by the attraction of earth.
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.10Assertion : Gravitational potential and gravitational potential energy, both are related to the
work done by gravitational force in the gravitational field
Reason : Gravitational field strength is related to the gravitational force in gravitational field.
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(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.11 Assertion
Gravitational potential is maximum at infinite
Reason
Gravitational potential is the amount of work done to shifting a unit mass from infinity to a given
point in Gravitational attraction force field.
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.12 The escape velocity from the surface of Jupiter is found to be less than that from the earth's
surface.
Reason: The radius of Jupiter is smaller than that of earth.
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.13Assertion : Moon has no atmosphere.

Reason : The escape velocity for moon is less than that for earth.
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.14 Assertion-Escape velocity is independent of the angle of projection.

ReasonEscape velocity from the surface of earth is 2gR where R is radius of earth.
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.15 Assertion: Orbit of a satellite is within the gravitational field of earth whereas escaping is
beyond the gravitational field of earth.
Reason : Orbital velocity of a satellite is greater than its escape velocity.
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.16 Assertion: A planet moves faster, when it is closer to the sun in its orbit and vice versa
Reason: Orbital velocity for an orbiting planet is constant.
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.17Assertion: The difference in the value of acceleration due to gravity at pole and equator is
due to difference in the latitude of the place.
Reason: The value of acceleration due to gravity is minimum at the equator and maximum at
the poles.
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.18Assertion- Orbital velocity of a satellite is greater than its escape velocity.

Reason-Orbit of a satellite is within the gravitational field of earth whereas escaping is
beyond the gravitational field of earth, (a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

Q.19Assertion: The magnitude of the gravitational potential at the surface of a solid sphere is
less than that of the center of the sphere.
Reason: Due to the solid sphere, the gravitational potential is the same within the sphere.
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.
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Q.20Assertion- Gravitational potential of earth at every place on it is negative.

Reason- Every body on earth is bound by the attraction of earth.
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D.

5. CASE STUDY TYPE QUERSTIONS

QUESTION:-1 Geostationary or geosynchronous orbit
Geostationary or geosynchronous orbit is the best spot for communications satellites to use,
however. This is a zone above Earth's equator at an altitude of 35,786 km (22,236 mi). At this
altitude, the rate of "fall" around the Earth is about the same as Earth's rotation, which allows the
satellite to stay above the same spot on Earth almost constantly. The satellite thus keeps a
perpetual connection with a fixed antenna on the ground, allowing for reliablecommunications.

When geostationary satellites reach the end of their life, protocol dictates they're moved out of
the way for a new satellite to take their place. That's because there is only so much room, or so
many "slots" in that orbit, to allow the satellites to operate without interference.
While some satellites are best used around the equator, others are better suited to more polar
orbits — those that circle the Earth from pole to pole so that their coverage zones include the
north and south poles. Examples of polar-orbiting satellites include weather satellites and
reconnaissance satellites.

Q:1 Most waves used for communication purposes rely on geostationary satellites because _____
a) they cannot transmit data at long distances due to curvature of the earth
b) they are reflected by the atmosphere
c) they are very cheap
d) it does not occupy space on the earth’s surface
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Q:2 A geostationary satellite seems to be fixed in the sky because it does not orbit the earth.
a) True b) False

Q:3 The height of the geostationary satellites above the earth’s surface is approximately
a) 36,000 km b) 72,000 km c) 15,000 km d) 30,000 km

Q:4 Polar satellites are used for high-resolution imaging of the earth’s surface because a)
they have better cameras
b) they are very high above the surface of the earth and travel slowly to gather more information
c) they are closer to the surface of the earth and can cover vast areas very quickly
d) they can be launched by most countries in the world

Q:5 A geostationary satellite is orbiting the earth at a height of 4R above the earth’s surface. The
time period of another satellite at a height of 2R is _____
a) 24 x (3/5)1/2 hr b) 12 x (3/5)1/2 hr
c) 6 x (3/5)1/2 hr d) 72 x (3/5)1/21 hr

QUESTION:-2 VARIATION OF g
Depending on the location, an object at the surface of Earth falls with an acceleration between
9.76 and 9.83 m/s2 (32.0 and 32.3 ft/s2).Earth is not exactly spherical. It is similar to a
"squashed" sphere, with the radius at the equator slightly larger than the radius at the poles. This
has the effect of slightly increasing gravitational acceleration at the poles (since we are close to
the centre of Earth and the gravitational force depends on distance) and slightly decreasing it at
the equator. Also, because of centripetal acceleration, the acceleration due to gravity is slightly
less at the equator than at the poles. Changes in the density of rock under the ground or the

presence of mountains nearby can affect gravitational acceleration slightly.

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The acceleration of an object changes with altitude. The change in gravitational acceleration with
distance from the centre of Earth follows an inverse-square law.]This means that gravitational
acceleration is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the centre of Earth. As
the distance is doubled, the gravitational acceleration decreases by a factor of 4. As the distance
is tripled, the gravitational acceleration decreases by a factor of 9, and so on.The extent of the
variation of g with height differs from that of the variation of g with depth, but it’s to note that
the value of g falls both with increasing height & with increasing depth, with respect to the
earth’s surface. This also means the value of g is maximum on the surface of the earth itself.

Q:1The value of ‘g’ is inversely proportional to the square of the Earth's

a) diameter b) radius c) weight d) area
Q:2 If R is the radius of the earth, the height at which the weight of body becomes ¼ its weight
on the surface of earth is
a) 2R b) R/2 c) R d) R/4
Q:3 A body weighs 200 N on the surface of earth. How much will it weigh half way down to the
centre of earth?
a) 100 N b) 150 N c) 200 N d) 250 N
Q:4The weight of an object in the coal mine, sea level, at the top of the mountain are W1 , W2 and W3
respectively then
a) W1 = W2>W3 b) W1 , W3<W2 c) W2=W3,W1 d)W1< W2<W3
Q:5 Which of the following statements is true
(a) g is less at the earth’s surface than at a height above it or a depth below it
(b) g is same at all places on the surface of the earth
(c) g has its maximum value at the equator
(d) g is greater at the poles than at the equator

QUESTION:-3 Escape Speed

Did you ever watch a group of children playing "Red Rover?" Arms linked up for strength, they
chant, "Red Rover, Red Rover, let Sally come over," and Sally's challenge is to break through
that chain of linked arms. If she does it, Sally wins.

If Sally breaks through the chain of arms, she's also

demonstrated several key aspects to the space concept of
escape velocity. Escape velocity (or a rousing game of Red
Rover) requires an object to propel itself with enough speed
and thrust to break through a barrier. Sally's reward is the
cheers of her teammates. A spacecraft's reward is a journey
into space or orbit.

Achieving escape velocity is one of the biggest challenges

facing space travel. The vehicle requires an enormous
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amount of fuel to break through Earth's gravitational pull. All that fuel adds significant weight to
the spacecraft, and when an object is heavier, it takes more thrust to lift it. To create more thrust,
you need more fuel. It's a cycle that scientists are hoping to resolve by creating lighter vehicles,
more efficient fuels and new methods of propulsion that don't require the same ingredients to
attain great speeds.

The existence of escape velocity is a consequence of conservation of energy and an energy field
of finite depth. For an object with a given total energy, which is moving subject to conservative
forces (such as a static gravity field) it is only possible for the object to reach combinations of
locations and speeds which have that total energy; and places which have a higher potential
energy than this cannot be reached at all. By adding speed (kinetic energy) to the object it
expands the possible locations that can be reached, until, with enough energy, they become
infinite.

Q:1 For a planet having mass equal to mass of the earth but radius is one fourth of radius of the
earth. The escape velocity of this planet will be

a) 11.2 km/s b) 22.4 km/s c) 5.6 km/s d) 44.8 km/s

Q:2 A black hole is an object whose gravitational field is so strong that even light cannot escape
from it. To what approximate radius would earth ( mass= 5.98 X 1024 kg ) have to be compressed
to be a black hole?

a) 10-9 m b) 10-6 m c) 10-2 m d) 100m

Q:3 The escape velocity of a body on the surface of the earth is 11.2 km/s. If a body is to be
projected in a direction making an angle 450 to the vertical, then the escape velocity is

a) 11.2 X 2 km/s b) 11.2 km/s c) 11.2 X √2 km/s d) 11.2 X 2√2 km/s

Q:4 With what velocity should particle be projected so that its height becomes equal to radius of
earth?
1 21/2
a) b) c) d)

Q:5 An elephant and an ant are to be projected out of the gravitational pull of the earth. What
should be the velocities of the elephant and the ant?

a) elephant has more escape velocity b) ant has more escape velocity
c) different velocity d)same velocity
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QUESTION:-4 Gravitation
What do aching feet, a falling apple, and the orbit of the Moon have in common? Each is caused
by the gravitational force. Our feet are strained by supporting our weight—the force of Earth’s
gravity on us. An apple falls from a tree because of the same force acting a few meters above
Earth’s surface. And the Moon orbits Earth because gravity is able to supply the necessary
centripetal force at a distance of hundreds of millions of meters. In fact, the same force causes
planets to orbit the Sun, stars to orbit the center of the galaxy, and galaxies to cluster together.
Gravity is another example of underlying simplicity in nature. It is the weakest of the four basic
forces found in nature, and in some ways the least understood. It is a force that acts at a distance,
without physical contact, and is expressed by a formula that is valid everywhere in the universe,
for masses and distances that vary from the tiny to the immense.

Sir Isaac Newton was the first scientist to precisely define the
gravitational force, and to show that it could explain both falling bodies
and astronomical motions. See Figure 1. But Newton was not the first to
suspect that the same force caused both our weight and the motion of
planets. His forerunner Galileo Galilei had contended that falling bodies
and planetary motions had the same cause. Some of Newton’s
contemporaries, such as Robert Hooke, Christopher Wren, and Edmund
Halley, had also made some progress toward understanding gravitation.
But Newton was the first to propose an exact mathematical form and to
use that form to show that the motion of heavenly bodies should be
conic sections—circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas.

Q:1Two astronauts are floating in gravitational free space after having

lost contact with their spaceship. The two will

a) move towards each other b) move away from each other

c)will become stationary d) keep floating at the same distance between them

Q:2 Two spheres of masses m and M are situated in air and the gravitational force between them
is F. The space around the masses is now filled with a liquid of specific gravity 3. The
gravitational force will now be

a) 3F b) F c) F/3 d) F/9

Q:3 Who among the following first gave the experimental velocity of G?
(a) Cavendish (b) Copernicus (c) Brook Taylor (d) none of these

Q:4 If the distance between the earth and the sun were half its present value, the number of day in a year
would have been

(a) 64.5 (b) 129 (c) 182.5 (d) 730

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Q:5A bail of weight W is thrown vertically upwards. The apparent w eight during the upward
motion will be
(a) zero (b) more than W (c) less than W (d) W

6. Answers
ANSER KEY FOR MCQ

1 B 11 B 21 A 31 C 41 C
2 D 12 C 22 B 32 C 42 C
3 D 13 C 23 B 33 D 43 C
4 B 14 D 24 A 34 D 44 D
5 D 15 D 25 C 35 B 45 B
6 A 16 C 26 C 36 A 46 B
7 D 17 D 27 A 37 B 47 A
8 B 18 B 28 B 38 C 48 C
9 D 19 A 29 B 39 C 49 B
10 A 20 B 30 B 40 A 50 C

ANSER KEY FOR ASSERTION AND REASONING

1 A 6 C 11 B 16 C
2 C 7 B 12 D 17 B
3 B 8 C 13 A 18 D
4 D 9 A 14 A 19 C
5 B 10 B 15 C 20 A

CASE STUDY-1

Ans 1 a) they cannot transmit data at long distances due to curvature of the earth

Ans 2 b) False

Ans 3 a) 36,000 km

Ans 4 c) they are closer to the surface of the earth and can cover vast areas very quickly Ans
5 a) 24 x (3/5)1/2 hr

CASE STUDY-2

Ans1b) radius
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Ans2 c) R

Ans3 a) 100 N

Ans4b) W1 , W3<W2

Ans 5(d) g is greater at the poles than at the equator

CASE STUDY-3

Ans1b) 22.4 km/s

Ans2c) 10-2 m

Ans3b) 11.2 km/s

Ans

Ans 5d)same velocity

CASE STUDY-4

Ans1a) move towards each other

Ans 2 b) F Ans3
(a) Cavendish
Ans 4 (b) 129
Ans 5 (a) zero