More Stoichiometry: Mass-Mass, Volume-Volume, and Mixed Problems

It’s time to practice what you have already learned about moles, chemical reactions and dimensional analysis. We will learn one
new conversion factor and then combine it with other concepts.

Molar Volume is the volume of one mole of gas. Since the space between molecules in a gas is very great compared to the actual
size of the molecules, differences in molecular size do not make an appreciable difference in the total space occupied. As a result
of observations of the behavior of gases, Avogadro developed a hypothesis that states: At the same conditions of temperature
and pressure, equal volumes of ALL gases contain the same number of molecules. Experiments show that the volume
occupied by one mole of any gas at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure of 0ºC and 1 atm) is 22.4 L.

Remember A balanced chemical equation is ALWAYS the first step.

this 1 mole of any gas has a volume of 22.4 L at STP
 1 mole of any substance equals the formula mass in grams
You must show all work as directed INCLUDING UNITS when doing dimentional analysis

( .aG ) ( .bW )
Given  Wanted
quantity quantity

1 mol G Gfm
Mass of G X --------- ---------  Mass of W
Gfm G 1 mol W

B mol W
x -------- x
A mol G

1 mol G 22.4 L W
Volume of G (liters) X --------- ---------  Volume of W (liters)
At STP 22.4 L G 1 mol W At STP

G = given quantity of a reactant or product

W = wanted quantity of a reactant or product
A = number of moles of G in the balanced chemical equation
B = number of moles of W in the balanced chemical equation

EXAMPLE 1 (Mass-Mass): How many grams of copper (II) oxide are formed in the decomposition of 6.59 g of
copper (II) hydroxide? Cu(OH)2  CuO + H2O

EXAMPLE 2 (Mass-Mass): If excess sulfuric acid reacts with the 30.0 g of sodium chloride, how many grams of
sodium sulfate are produced? H2SO4 + 2NaCl  2HCl + Na2SO4

EXAMPLE 3 (Volume-Volume): What volume of oxygen is used to convert 75.0 L of SO 2 to SO3? Assume STP.
2SO2 + O2  2SO3

EXAMPLE 4 (Volume-Volume): In the reaction given below, what volume of oxygen is used when 85.0 L of
ammonia (NH3) reacts? Assume STP. 4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O

EXAMPLE 5 (Mixed) How many liters of hydrogen gas are produced if 15.9 g of hydrochloric acid reacts with
excess zinc metal? Assume STP. Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2

EXAMPLE 6 (Mixed): What mass of aluminum is required to produce 14.5 L of hydrogen gas in a reaction with
sulfuric acid? Assume STP. 2Al + 3H2SO4  3H2 + Al2(SO4)3
 More Stoichiometry Homework #1
Solve the following, showing all work as directed INCLUDING UNITS! You may assume all gases are measured at STP.
1. How many grams of potassium chloride are produced if 25.0 g of potassium chlorate decompose?
2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2

2. What volume of ammonia at STP is produced if 30.0 g of nitrogen is reacted with an excess of hydrogen?
N2 + 3H2 2NH3

3. What volume of carbon dioxide gas is released when 5.00 L of ethanol, C2H5OH, is burned?
C2H5OH + 3O2  2CO2 + 3H2O

4. What volume of chlorine is produced when 45.0 g of aluminum chloride is decomposed?

2AlCl3  2Al + 3Cl2

5. What volume of nitrogen is produced when 18.5 liters of hydrogen reacts with nitrogen monoxide?
2H2 + 2NO  2H2O + N2

6. What mass of potassium sulfate is required to react with 35.0 g of aluminum bromide?
2AlBr3 + 3K2SO4  6KBr + Al2(SO4)3

7. If 20.0 liters of oxygen are consumed in the reaction below, how many liters of water vapor are produced?
C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O

8. What volume of hydrogen at STP is produced when 2.50 g of zinc reacts with an excess of hydrochloric acid?
Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2

9. What mass of iron must be used to produce 125 g of iron (III) oxide? 4Fe + 3 O2  2Fe2O3

10. What mass of copper metal will be produced when 45.0 L of ammonia gas reacts with copper (II) oxide?
3CuO + 2NH3  3Cu + 3H2O + N2
 More Stoichiometry Homework #2
Solve each of the following problems on your own paper. SHOW ALL WORK!!! If the reaction has not been
provided, then make sure you write the balanced equation before beginning the problem.

1. How many moles of NO2 are produced by the reaction of 0.772 moles N 2 with O2?

2. How many grams of Na2SO4 can be produced by the reaction of 250 g of NaOH with sufficient H 2SO4?

3. How many moles of H2O will react with 1.75 moles PCl3 to form HCl and H3PO3?

4. How many moles of FeCl3 will be produced by the reaction of 3.00 mole HCl. Use the equation below.
KMnO4 + 5FeCl2 + 8HCI  MnCl2 + 5FeCl3 + 4H2O + KCl

5. How many grams of barium hydroxide will be used up in the reaction with hydrochloric acid to produce 45.0 g of
barium chloride plus some water?

6. Sulfur trioxide reacts violently with water to produce sulfuric acid. How many grams of sulfur trioxide are
necessary to produce 3.21 kg of sulfuric acid?

7. Determine the number of grams of chloric acid that will just reaction with 30.0 g of calcium carbonate to produce
carbon dioxide, water, and calcium chlorate.
8. Nitrogen trichloride reacts with water to produce ammonia (NH 3) and hypochlorous acid (HClO). Calculate the
number of grams of ammonia that can be produced from 20.0 g of nitrogen trichloride.

9. Determine the number of grams of lithium oxide necessary to prepare 53.0 g of lithium hydroxide by addition of
excess water.

10. How many grams of barium hydroxide will it take to exactly react with 80.0 g of phosphoric acid to produce
barium phosphate and water?

11. How much silver chloride can be produced in the double replacement reaction between 50.0 g barium chloride
and silver nitrate?

12. What mass of zinc chloride can be prepared by treating 123g of hydrochloric acid in water solution with excess
zinc? The other product is hydrogen gas.

13. What mass (in kg) of aluminum oxide are needed to prepare 5000 g of Al in the reaction below?
Al2O3 + 3C  2Al + 3CO

14. How many grams of sodium chloride can be produced from 40.0 g of chlorine and excess sodium?

15. How much potassium chlorate must be decomposed to form 3.22 g of oxygen? The other product is potassium
chloride.