201) Name few of System integration testing tools.

Answer: The different Testing tools to verify system integration that are used across industry are

 Citrus,
 FitNesse,
 Jasmine,
 LDRA,
 Protractor,
 Rational Integration Tester from IBM,
 SITA(Smart Integration Test Accelerator),
 Tessy,
 Validata
 VectorCAST(C++/Ada),

202) What is Defect cascading?

Answer: Defect cascading is defects that are encountered by software testers, which further
uncover another defect in the system while integration testing takes place. In order to locate
defects that are primary this may further realize other defects in the application.

203) Give some Test Management Tools you are aware of.

Answer: TestRail, Zephyr,TestFlo, JIRA, TestComplete, and TestLink are some of the industry
recognized test management tools.

204) Where are Jenkins files stored?

Answer: Jenkins stores the configuration for each job within an eponymous directory in jobs/ .
The job configuration file is config. xml , the builds are stored in builds/ , and the working
directory is workspace/

205) Have you heard about GIT?

Answer: GIT is an open source version control system used as a depository to save code base of
multiple developers, which will be integrated after compiling and build using continuous
integration tool such as Jenkins.
206) Have you worked on SQL query? What you have done?

Answer: Yes, I have worked on SQL select commands where I queried on the database tables to
view and compare records present in tables and that displayed on application’s output.

207) Explain REST API.

Answer: REST API is a set of rules in order to receive data or information from internet when
you request about this information using URL. API is application programming interface, created
by developers and client or end user can use them in order to fetch information, such as weather
reports for next 5 days of particular location, Share market updates for particular company,Book
movie or flight tickets using third party applications like bookmyshow.com or goibibo.com, with
REST API payment gateways of banks can also be integrated with the ecommerce sites so that
buyer can purchase product online.

208) What are tools used in software industry for API testing?

Answer: Some of the industry famous API testing tools are

 SOAPUI
 Postman
 REST Assured

209) How to upload data in Jenkins?

Answer: Steps to upload file in Jenkins.

After login to Jenkins, select left hand side menu title ‘Jenkins’ and submenus – ‘Manage
Jenkins’. A list of options will display.

Select -‘Configure System’ by clicking on it. Configuration page will open. You can check
menus, ‘Maven Info Plugin Configuration’. In Maven Info Plugin Configuration click on the
checkbox that reads “This project is parameterized”. You will get ‘Add Parameter’ drop down.
Where in you will get a window with title ‘file parameter’, where file location should be copied
and click on Save button. There is another option known as ‘Build with Parameters’ , click it to
find location of file entered along with Choose file button, clicking this will allow you to select
local file to be selected for uploading. You should click Build button to build with uploaded file.
210) Have you heard about GIT?

Answer: Git is a version control software used for uploading and hence managing worked files
among programmers in software development projects. GitHub is cloud based hosting service
that lets devops team manage Git repositories.

211) Have you worked on SQL query? What you have done?

Answer: SQL query are english like statements used to access and manipulating database. You
can create new databases, create views in database, set permissions on tables, procedures, views,
create new tables, update table with constraints, insert, view, modify or delete records in tables,
execute queries against a database tables.

212) What is Primary Key please explain.

Answer: Primary Key is a constraint or a condition on table columns. There is only one primary
key per table, It is a criteria to uniquely identify a record in table. Primary key constraint on table
column makes sure that there is unique value in column, (i.e. it should not allow duplicate value
in the column), column should not allow null value, (i.e. it will not allow empty value)

213) If there are same multiple entry in the table, how to find Unique element in the table?

Answer: Using ‘Distinct’ keyword in sql statement make sure displaying unique value in the
table. eg. select distinct (state) from customers.

214) How to get 3rd Highest Salary from employee table?

Answer: SELECT MIN(EmpSalary) from (SELECT EmpSalary from Employee ORDER BY

EmpSalary DESC LIMIT 3); You can here just change the nth value after the LIMIT constraint.

Here in this the Sub query Select EmpSalary from Employee Order by EmpSalary DESC Limit
3; would return the top 3 salaries of the Employees.
215) How to find any particular date of joining of employee from Employees table, date is
in number format then how to change it to date format?

Answer: The Date of employee joining an organization is in number format, say 01/02/2001, It
can be converted into date format DD/MM/YYYY as follows

TO_CHAR (TO_DATE(‘01022001′,’DD/MM/YYYY’), ‘DD/MM/YYYY’)

216) What is end to end testing?

Answer: End to End (E2E) testing validates application flow from start to end. A main criterion
of E2E testing is to recreate user scenario and validate system under test, components for
integration and data integrity. eg. Accessing website using browser and its web address (URL),
Login to application with valid credentials, for ecommerce portal, the user should able to view
his account details, delivery address, past orders, current order (in case), default payment
instructions (like his credit card registered for easy payment method), in addition to this user
should able to view all other items on sale, wish list, adding items to shopping cart, and paying
for the item selected with his preferred way of payment options and finally logout of the
software.

217) Arrange the following testing types in sequence in which we test any application

Functional Smoke Integration System Sanity Retesting Regression

Answer: Following is the order in which respective tests are carried out during STLC.

Smoke à Sanity à Integration à System à Functional à Retesting à Regression

218) List Name of HTTP methods for RESTful services

Answer: The HTTP methods used for RESTful services are POST, GET, PUT, PATCH, and
DELETE.

219) What are status codes in HTTP?

Answer: HTTP status code is 3 digit integers displayed as a response from the server, the first
digit defines a class of response are as explained below
1xx – informational
2xx – Success
3xx – Redirection
4xx – Client Error
5xx – Server Error

220) Have you used SOAPUI?

Answer: SOAPUI is an open source tool for web services testing. This tool can be used for
RESTful API and SOAP web service testing, GraphQL and microservices and other backend
services. The API testing tool is used to validate communication between software made from
different technologies, supports REST, JSON, XML, SOAP, JDBC, JMS, and other protocols in
a single test case.

221) Have you used Postman?

Answer: Postman is a scalable open source API testing tool, API is an interface that
communicate between applications using HTTP protocols using data formats like JSON.

222) Have you used REST Assured?

Answer: REST Assured tests REST APIs using Java libraries, integrates with maven. REST
Assured has methods that fetch data from all requests and responses from any complex JSON
structure. Developers with Java development background can implement REST Assured
methods to test API and integration tests using automation scripts.

223) What is Installation Testing?

Answer: Installation testing is to verify that the application has been successfully installed on
environment as per the steps and order of installation listed in installation guide and is working
as user acceptance tests and expected as requirement document. During every build deployed by
software testers on test servers installation testing is carried out. The steps written in installation
guide for different operating system can be verified and application is run to check that
installation is successful.

224) Have you come across any severe bugs in your application and did you contribute so
that it gets resolved?
Answer: There were severe, critical and blockers defects that were found during every build. I
sat with developer and product owner and explained the expected behavior of system and feature
and functionality. I tried understanding code and functions used to achieve the functionality and
pointed out shortcomings, there by rectifying the defect.

225)What is Application Server? Give example.

Answer: Application server is connected with network and database, web applications are
hosted on application server and are connected via network and request from client and response
to client reach this server with the help of HTTP protocol. Database connected to this application
server validates logged in user’s authenticity and requests asked for from the respective tables to
fetch information and send them in form of response to the client.

Application server platforms are J2EE, WebLogic, Glassfish, JBoss Enterprise Application
Platform, Apache Tomcat.

226) If any bug is reproducible at client-side (in production environment) not in the test
environment what are the different possibilities that this scenario occurs?

Answer: There are various scenarios like additional load of uploaded files for processing, logged
in users, time taken to receive response back due to which bug are reproduced at client side
(production environment) and not in the test environment.

227) If any bug is reproducible only on Testing server and not on Development server, how
you make sure that the developer fixes that bug?

Answer: The steps or scenario carried out to reproduce defect at test environment but the same
steps carried out at development server if does not produce defect. It may happen that there can
be some files missing at test environment, code changes at development server due to update on
build. Tester has to reproduce the defect carefully conducting steps at development server and
advice developer to fix the defect.

228) What is Data Migration Testing? What are the different approaches followed in Data
Migration?

Answer: Migration testing validates migration of application from old system to new system
with data integrity, no loss of data, and minimal downtime, with functional and non functional
aspects are met post migration. Pre migration, migration and post migration tests are phases of
migration test. in addition backward compatibility and rollback tests are executed along with.

229) What are broken links?

Answer: broken links are the reason when website are no longer available giving 404 error
(Page not found), as webpage was moved without any redirect added, URL structure of website
modified or moved.

230)What is ETL testing / Data warehousing testing?

Answer: ETL testing is for Extract required data or information from data warehouse,
Transform data in order to make it suitable so that it can be loaded into the database.

231) What is Closer Report?

Answer: Summary of tests conducted during software development life cycle, build wise results,
status of defect resolution, final critical or major defect still pending in an application is called
test closure document. this report also display number of test cases executed, number of defects
and their types, defect density etc.

232) write test cases on online software product for free?

Answer: There are many software companies that introduce their software to end user on limited
trial base, in order to explore the features offered and validate functionality. In order to test such
software there are few test cases listed.

 Verification of features offered in free trial software.

 Once executable files for the software are downloaded on user’s machine, it is asked to
enter user credit card information, in order to start remitting amount after trial period.
 Once trial period is over, the software should ask for activation key.
 iv)In order to continue using the software, user should either get valid activation key or
purchase the software which provide activation key for lifetime use.
 The feature working in trial period should continue to work after purchasing software,
without any limitations that might were imposed during trial period.
 The feature offered during trial period should work reliably during trial period.
233) write test cases on company web portal (say ACC cement)

Answer: various companies have their online presence in the form of web portal and social
media. The web portal should provide following information

 The URL or web address provided should be browser compatible and should display the
similar content on all the browsers namely, Internet explorer, mozilla firefox, google
chrome, safari, opera etc.
 Web site should by default display his home page on page load, without any delay.
 The company information such as offerings, products, services are the links provided on
clicking which should display web pages with relevant information.
 Company location, current contact information, like phone/mobile, email address and
current head of operations name should be displayed.
 In Contact form, user can enter his details and on clicking submit button, a reply from the
company should be received and customer care department should speak with the visitor
in order to provide services asked for.
 The product or services page should display their area of expertise, product range, zone
wise dealer’s address where visitor can get product or services via these dealers.
 The web portal should also provide link for any current openings available or product
information so that visitor can avail these facilities.

234) write test cases on gaming software

Answer: Test cases or scenarios for gaming software should consider following points

 Background music, camera (zoom in and out) in case of remote players, compatibility
with different screen sizes.
 Advancement in Game, Rules, prerequisites to attain next level.
 Event triggers, scores, logic to calculate points, what makes games stop.
 Special effects, use of buttons, touch screen mobiles, mouse, keyboard, and joysticks
 Required minimum configuration of mobile in order to get the best gaming experience.

235) write test cases on image editing software

Answer: Test case or scenarios for image editing software are listed below.

 Verify acceptable image formats are allowed for uploading image editing software
 Validate uploaded image are converted into complete and usable image after processing.
 Verify the software has preview feature after editing an image online.
 Validate a software has drag and drop feature for image to be uploaded.
 Validate a software can able to include more than one image in single pane.
  Verify the image developed as a result of merging and modification should not include
any patches.
 Validate the font inserted while image editing software should not blur out the text.
 Verify the font along with image gets expanded or reduced while using zoom function
without any blur or breaks.
 Verify it should not accept any document other than that of image format.
 Validate that the image should be converted into final modified form as soon as possible.
 Verify that the modified image is sent in email supplied.
 Verify that to have image size limitation in order to quickly upload, process and send
back processed image.

236) write test cases on online file format conversion

Answer: Test case or scenarios for online file format conversion are listed below.

 Online file format conversion software should have a registration button.

 Online file format conversion software should have login button for registered users.
 Online conversion of Audio format of files should only accept audio file formats for
conversion.
 Online conversion of Document format of files should only accept document formats for
conversion.
 Online conversion of videos should only accept video file formats for conversion.
 Online conversion of images should only accept image file formats for conversion.
 Online conversion of PDF to word should only accept PDF format only.
 Online conversion of PDF to JPG should only accept PDF format only.

237) what is captcha? Where did you see captcha?

Answer: A CAPTCHA is a type of challenge–response test used in computing to determine

whether or not the user is human. e.g. of captcha are sum of two digits, selection of characters
containing symbols, numerals, and alphabets which are distorted for user to identify and write in
text field provided. Selection of pictures that contain some of the images asked for. The pages
where sensitive user information may get revealed CAPTCHA can be installed, They prevent
hackers from performing attacks where they try to break into an account by guessing every
possible password combination, and they can also prevent fraudulent sweepstakes entries or
illegitimate contest votes.

238) explain functionality of captcha.

Answer: CAPTCHA makes sure that the end user visiting website is human and not a script that
automatically enters predefined password or sensitive credentials and tries explore the software.
They prevent hackers from performing attacks where they try to break into an account by
guessing every possible password combination, and they can also prevent fraudulent sweepstakes
entries or illegitimate contest votes. Captcha can be sum of two digits, selection of characters
containing symbols, numerals, and alphabets which are distorted for user to identify and write in
text field provided, or selection of pictures that contain some of the images asked for.

239) Why all websites visited want to have your consent to use cookies?

Answer: Many websites have changed their privacy policies after the law and the recent
developments of user data breaches in the tech industry. This will help make the users
understand what data are collected using cookies and what happens to it after they are collected.

240) Give example of Statement coverage.

Answer: Statement coverage is white box testing method where quality of code as well as
different path flow is verified. Limitation of statement coverage is we cannot test false condition
in it.

Formulae to calculate statement coverage is as below

Statement coverage = No of statements Executed/Total no of statements in the source code

* 100

Example:

Read Akshay’s marks Ak_mks

Read Binoy’s marks Bn_mks

if Ak_mks > Bn_mks

Print “Akshay has secured better marks than Binoy”

else

Print “Binoy has secured better marks than Akshay”

endif

Set1 :If A =75, B =62

No of statements Executed: 5

Total no of statements in the source code: 7

Statement coverage =5/7*100 = 71.00 %

Set1 :If A =82, B =95

No of statements Executed: 6

Total no of statements in the source code: 7

Statement coverage =6/7*100 = 85.20 %

241) Give example of Decision coverage.

Answer: Decision coverage is white box testing method where scenarios or condition reports
boolean value true or false as output. It is very hard to achieve 100% coverage.

Decision coverage = Number of Decision outcomes exercised/Total number of Decision

Outcomes

Example:

function eligible(var htinft) {

if (htinft > 5)

htinft = htinft * 30.48

document.write(“You are eligible to appear military exams”);

document.write(“Your height is” + htinf +”cms”);

scenario 1

value of htinft is 4.8

Here boolean value – No when if (htinft > 5) is checked

highlighted code will be executed,

function eligible(var htinft) {

if (htinft > 5)

htinft = htinft * 30.48

document.write(“You are eligible to appear military exams”);

document.write(“Your height is” + htinf +”cms”);

Decision coverage = 50%

scenario 1

value of htinft is 5.4

Here boolean value – Yes when if (htinft > 5) is checked

highlighted code will be executed,

function eligible(var htinft) {

if (htinft > 5)

htinft = htinft * 30.48

document.write(“You are eligible to appear military exams”);

document.write(“Your height is” + htinf +”cms”);

Decision coverage = 50%

242) Give example of Branch coverage.

Answer: Branch coverage is same as Decision coverage, hence you can give example given in
Decision coverage for branch coverage.

Branch coverage = Number of executed Branches/ Total number of branches

243) What is TestNG?

Answer: TestNG is a testing framework that covers unit, functional, integration, end to end
testing categories. It tests java project testing, TestNG supports Annotations, uses Java and
Object-Oriented features, supports multi threaded testing and has flexible plugin API.

244) What is Test Driven Testing?

Answer: The development is governed by test cases designed for each of the features.
Development team starts developing their code base and functions so that the tests pass. Testing
considers various aspects such as valid/invalid inputs, errors, exceptions, boundary conditions,
events handled and everything that may break resulting defect. due to test driven development, it
takes much less debug time, code designed to meet requirement, shorter development cycles and
near zero defects.

245) What is Behavior Driven Testing?

Answer: Behavior Driven Development (BDD) is a branch of Test Driven Development (TDD).
BDD uses human-readable descriptions of software user requirements as the basis for software
tests. Like Domain Driven Design (DDD), an early step in BDD is the definition of a shared
vocabulary between stakeholders, domain experts, and engineers. This process involves the
definition of entities, events, and outputs that the users care about, and giving them names that
everybody can agree on.

246) What is Latent Defect?

Answer: Latent Defect is a hidden defect in software still unknown to end user until particular
task or operation is not performed by running the application. this type of defect are difficult to
identify, pass through all testing, remains hidden even after production, occures only in certain
scenario, can surface after release of the product.

247) What is fault-masking?

Answer: fault masking is a technique wherein one defect prevents the detection of another. there
are many features that may have defects but remain hidden until these feature are utilized. for eg.
In case of login page, developer has provided option to log in with email address and mobile
number, until user logs in with valid credentials, the defect as below, wherein forgot password
when registered mobile number is entered OTP is not received on mobile (unhandled task by
developer), remains un noticed. This is known as fault masking.

248) Explain what the difference between latent and masked defects is?

Answer: Latent defect is a failure that is still hidden as the set of condition were never met that
can uncover a defect.

Masked defect is a defect that has not yet caused because another defect has prevented the area
of code from being executed so that masked defect can be found.

When set of condition or scenario are executed, latent defect will be discovered. masked defect
can be found once the defect preventing to execute area of application is resolved.

249) Explain what LCSAJ is?

Answer: LCSAJ is a short for Linear Code Sequence and Jump is a white box testing technique
and determines code coverage.LCSAJ contains start and end of linear sequence of executable
statements as well as target line where control of flow is transferred at the end of linear sequence.
100% LCSAJ coverage denotes 100% decision coverage.

250) What is Fuzz testing and when it is used?

Answer: Fuzz testing is an automatic test technique where invalid, random and unexpected data
is sent as an input that may result into exceptions like crash, memory leaks or fails to build-in
code assertions. fuzz testing tools for web security testing are Burp Suite, Peach Fuzzer, Spike
Proxy.

251) what is test planning?

Answer: Test plan document is designed by test lead managers per every product under test is a
document that explains scope, approach, resources, and schedule of testing activities. This
document covers test strategies, objective for testing, exit or closure criteria, resource schedule
planning, as well as test deliverables to be included

252) What are commonly used testing types across industries?

Answer: Unit testing, API testing, Integration testing, web services testing, security testing,
automation testing are commonly used testing types across industries.

253) what are the steps to follow when you discover defect?

Answer: Once tester finds a defect in an application, he should complete following steps in order
to register the defect.

 Verify and validate the steps followed and try reproducing the defect.
 Repeat the test steps and ensure that the defect occurs repeatedly.
 Attach screenshots, backend server logs and/or database logs,
 Understand the requirement and analyze the deviation from expected output for the
scenario.
 Include the scenario or test case in case, the scenario tested is not covered.
 Report the bug in bug tracking system like Bugzilla or JIRA,
 Analyze the defect and rank it based on its severity.

254) How would you resolve conflict amongst team members?

Answer: It is essential to work in team environment for software development industries. Team
members may face challenges amongst their colleagues while communicating, exchanging their
views, mentoring or allocating the work. Team member conflicts are common while delivering
tasks in high pressure environment.

To resolve conflict amongst team members as a test lead you should

 Talk individually to each person and note their concerns

 Find a solution to the common problems raised by team members
 Arrange a team meeting, reveal the solution and ask people to co-operate

255) What is Charles Proxy testing?

Answer: Charles Proxy testing is a testing for decrypting web traffic on computers and mobile
devices. It is a cross platform HTTP debugging proxy server application that enables user to
view HTTP, HTTPS, and enabled TCP port traffic from and to local computer or mobile device.
In addition, It also records requests and responses along with HTTP headers and metadata (e.g.
cookies, caching and encoding information) during web traffic.
256) What is meaning of Code Walk Through?

Answer: Code Walk Through is a review meeting lead by a developer who has designed the
program code, walks through his/her written code to other member of his team. The purpose of
such review is to impart knowledge transfer to the new team members as well as find defects in
the code, based on the requirement use case scenarios.

257)What things to consider while project monitoring?

Answer: During project monitoring, a manager responsible analyzes all the tasks carried out are
as per plan? Due these tasks any unforeseen consequences that may occur, what is performance
of your project team at given time period, Any change in project elements desired, what could be
an impact on processes due to these changes, After all the actions, will that lead to expected
result?

258) List common pit holes or mistakes that creates issues in project delivery?

Answer: There can be various mistakes that may create issues in project delivery.

 Assigning incompetent resource to manage the project

 Lack of resources and skills
 Doing everything myself approach instead of distribution of work as per resource and
their skills
 Lack of proper communication and failure to pass the message across the stack holders
 Project initiation or start up is poorly managed
 uncertain or unclear objective of project and processes
 Wrong Estimation of time and budget
 Failure to manage scope described in project
 Over micro managing of projects like police and enforcing the pressure in order to
achieve the tasks
 Daily or weekly meets amongst team to update and understand the progress.
 Not following the Processes

These are few of the mistakes that may result in delays in project delivery and there by losing the
project

259) What the basic components of defect report format are?

Answer: The defect report consists of unique identification number by which the defect is
registered in bug tracking software, project, product name, released version, product build, and
module of a software where this defect was observed. Defect report will have summary of defect,
description and steps followed that will reproduce the defect, Actual result and expected result,
defect severity, ie. degree of negative impact on quality of software due to the defect – critical,
major, minor or trivial, priority of defect is the urgency of fixing the defect, name of tester who
has identified the defect, name of developer to whom the defect has been assigned to resolve.
Current status of defect whether it is still new, assigned, open, resolved by developer, under test
by tester, fixed or closed, based on bug life cycle.

260) What is risk-based testing?

Answer: Risk based testing starts with accessing risks related to complexity of logic, business
criticality, defect prone areas in application, frequency of use of sensitive computation of
application features. This involves priority of testing those areas of an software that involve
critical features and functionalities that are likely to fail. Such type of testing involves
experienced testers that have understanding of possible risks involved in mission critical
applications.

 positive impact of risk based testing are opportunity to learn and improve business
sustainability when you test application based on the risks involved
 negative impact of risk based testing are threat of customer dissatisfaction, impact of
overall project cost due to detailed testing, bad or negative user experience, and possible
loss of customers.

261) When is used Decision table testing?

Answer: Decision table testing are used to validate system behavior with different input
combinations. Best example of such tests can be login to the application where there are two
input values, namely username and password and possible output can either be an error with not
allowing to enter in application or allowed to enter the welcome page.

 scenario 1 – username and password both can be wrong, resulting in error

 scenario 2 – username can be correct, but password could be wrong, resulting in error
 scenario 3 – username can be wront, but password could be right, resulting in error.
 scenarion 4 – username and password both can be right and valid, allowing user to the
welcome page.

262) What is a Proxy server?

Answer: Proxy servers acts as a gateway between your client machine’s browser and internet,
offering varying level of security, and good privacy from the threats from hackers and protect
any data loss. Proxy server masks your IP address, thereby gives you additional security.

One can use proxy to access those sites that are otherwise blocked eg. Your school library, or
accessing website back home while travelling abroad, posting comments on websites keeping
your identity hidden.

263) what is test environment?

Answer: Test environment is a setting software and hardware similar to that of production
environment in order to execute test cases and scenarios in order to test and verify the feature
and functionality developed in software results and there by check the quality of software, find
defects in application.

264) what is test execution?

Answer: test execution begin as entry criteria that starts during software testing life cycle, in
order to verify application under test for any defect or deviation between actual and expected
behavior of an application, by following test steps as per test cases and run application to find
bugs.

265) what is the difference between test scenarios, test cases, and test script?

Answer: Following are the definition that differentiate between them

 Test scenario can be a description of test objective, tester can accomplish by testing an
application in multiple ways to ensure that the scenario has been covered with
satisfaction.
 Test case is summary of test scenario with steps or procedure to carry out with test data to
the application in order to validate that the application behaves as expected, or
reproducing the defect by following the steps written in test case, there by validate that
the actual result deviate from expected result.
 Test script is steps in order to mimic test case to validate application’s behavior as
expected or behaves differently to locate defect.

266) What all things you should consider before selecting automation tools for the AUT?
Answer: Following are few points to be considered before selecting automation tool for
application under test.

 Suitability of tool to accomplish types of tests to be carried out.

 Skills require configuring and designing scripts to execute in order to run application as
per test scripts.
 Ability to capture reports, status of tests by the tool.
 Availability of resources that can understand the technology used in designing the scripts
and tool.
 Price of the tool and its implications on project cost.

267) How will you conduct Risk Analysis?

Answer: Risk analysis can be conducted by analyzing the testing methods and selection of tests
and way in which it is carried out by testers, skills in identifying risks, prioritize their impact, and
create mitigation plans where appropriate in case those risks become real issues.

There are various aspects of project that impact risk such as estimation of resources and duration
of activities, schedule, cost estimates, budget, quality and decision of either rent cloud services or
procurement of infrastructure.

268) How would you allocate responsibilities to your team members?

Answer: Team manager or test lead should allocate responsibilities to your team members to
achieve the team’s goals. Roles or responsibility assigned to the team member based on his/her
skills, experience and abilities, in such a way that it increases his morale and motivation.

269) What Is Docker?

Docker describes themselves as “an open platform for developers and sysadmins to build, ship,
and run distributed applications”. Docker container image is standalone, lightweight, executable
package that includes code, runtime, system tools, libraries and settings required to run the
software. This can be quickly deployed and run on different computing environments.

270) What is ETL testing / Data warehousing testing?

Answer: ETL testing is for Extract required data or information from data warehouse, Transform
data in order to make it suitable so that it can be loaded into the database. ETL testing is process
of validating, verifying and qualifying data preventing data duplication and data loss.

271) What steps would you verify in case your desktop takes too long to start up?

Answer: In case slower Microsoft Windows startup (boot up) are due to various reasons

 Disable startup programs by observing by starting Windows task manager

 Running ScanDisk and Defrag utility tools in order to free up hard drive from any errors
 Check if hard drive space is insufficient, by removing any junk files or unused programs
 Verify if computer is running with corrupt, incorrect, or out of data drivers as well as
older version of windows operating system required to upgrade.
 Try clean system registry
 Try considering format and reinstall Windows on the computer.

272) What do you mean by Defect Triage?

Answer: Defect triage is process of analyzing defect priority based on factors such as severity,
risk, and time required to fix /resolve the defect. During defect triage meet, stack holders discuss
and decide the priority of fixing the defects.

273) What is a test harness? Why do we need a test harness?

Answer: Test harness is collection of test data, software and scripts that drive software to execute
test case or steps in order to verify its behavior and output. Test execution engine and test script
repository are two main parts of test harness. Usually exists while unit and integration testing, it
involves stubs and drivers that are required for testing software modules and integrated
components.

274) Why software has bugs?

Answer: Defects occur in software due to various reasons such as

 Software complexity – making developer difficult to understand requirement, or how to

design the desired output.
 Miscommunication between product team and customer in knowing the exact
requirement.
  Programming errors during runtime or compile time of code base during integration
process.
 Timeline pressure that limits unit testing of all possible scenarios on design codes or
programs
 Change in requirements by customer that can introduce defect in already running
application code.

275) What is Cause Effect Graph?

Answer: Cause Effect Graph is a black box test technique that represents graphically relation
between outcome and factors that affect the outcome, which assist in designing test cases.

276) What are the different strategies for roll out to end users?

Answer: Software Roll out to end users has following strategies

 Pilot: The actual production system is installed at a single or limited number of users.
Pilot basically means that the product is actually rolled out to limited users for real work.
 Gradual Implementation: In this implementation we ship the entire product to the limited
users or all users at the customer end. Here, the developers get instant feedback from the
recipients which allow them to make changes before the product is available. But the
downside is that developers and testers maintain more than one version at one time.
 Phased Implementation: In this implementation the product is rolled out to all users in
incrementally. That means each successive rollout has some added functionality. So as
new functionality comes in, new installations occur and the customer tests them
progressively. The benefit of this kind of rollout is that customers can start using the
functionality and provide valuable feedback progressively. The only issue here is that
with each rollout and added functionality the integration becomes more complicated.
 Parallel Implementation: In these types of rollouts the existing application is run side by
side with the new application. If there are any issues with the new application we again
move back to the old application. One of the biggest problems with parallel
implementation is we need extra hardware, software, and resources.

277) What are error guessing and error seeding?

Answer: Description between Error Guessing and Error Seeding as details below.

 Error Guessing – It is a test case design technique in which testers have to imagine the
defects that might occur and write test cases to represent them.
  Error Seeding – It is the process of adding known bugs in a program for tracking the rate
of detection & removal. It also helps to estimate the number of faults remaining in the
program.

278) Do you feel comfortable standing up to developers who disagree with your results?

Answer: In some situations, reporting failures can be a delicate process. Perhaps a developer
spent a lot of time on some code which does not exactly meet specifications. QA engineers need
to be able to stand up for what they know is right.

279) Are you willing to cut corners to save time?

Answer: The correct answer is NO. All test cases need to be run, and making assumptions
frequently leads to issues down the road, because as a Software quality tester it is your duty to
cover all the scenarios for the application for test coverage. It may happen that in case some area
of test uncovered may contain error at client side, and you can fall on your face by not testing
that area.

280)What is validation in software testing?

Answer: The meaning of validation is to confirm if application or system designed is in

compliance with the client’s requirements and its feature functions as desired and thereby meets
goals and needs of end user. In short it is to verify the software build is right product.

281) What is verification in software testing?

Answer: The meaning of verification is to confirm that the designed product delivers and
satisfies all the functionalities expected to fulfill as expected by end user. In short it is to test
whether the product build is right (functions as expected)?

282)What is API testing?

Answer: API testing is a part of integration tests that verifies that the application programming
interface communicates between two different systems and meets functionality, reliability,
performance, and security as expected by client. Various API testing tools are SOAPUI, Postman
and REST Assured.
283)What is web service testing?

Answer: Web service testing validates web services build on API works as expected. The
functionality, reliability, performance, and security of application programming interface (API)
provided to communicate in order to receive response of requests sent via HTTP protocol over
an internet. Web services can be tested by asking requests over internet via HTTP protocol and
receives response. Various web service testing tools are SOAPUI, Postman and JMeter, vRest

284) What is Postman?

Answer: Postman is open source API client that sends REST, SOAP and GraphQL requests and
used to test RESTful API that have been created. It uses GET, PUT, POST and other HTTP
methods in order to verify API functionality.

285) What is REST Assure?

Answer: REST assured is a java based library used to test RESTful API and web services, HTTP
responses, status code, status messages and headers and body of responses.

286)What is Cucumber?

Answer: Cucumber is a tool that supports Behavior driven development, allowing expected
software behavior specified into logical language a customer can understand. This tool is
developed using Ruby, and Gherkin which is the format for cucumber specifications.

287)What is Capybara?

Answer: Capybara is a web-based automation framework used for creating functional tests that
simulate how users would interact with your application. It supports selenium web driver,
JavaScript, HTTP resources outside of application, used in running automated functional tests for
web based application.

288)What is Salesforce?
Answer: Salesforce is a cloud based customer relationship management service, designed to help
you sell, service, market, analyze, and connect with your customers. This is software that stores
customer contact information like names, addresses, and phone numbers, as well as keeps track
of customer activity like website visits, phone calls, email, and more.

289) What is TestNG?

Answer: TestNG is an automation testing framework used to cover a wider range of test
categories: unit, functional, end-to-end, integration, etc., with more powerful and easy-to-use
functionalities such as use of annotations, parallel testing etc. for application developed using
java programming language.

290)What is TeamCity?

Answer: TeamCity is continuous integration servers that help integrate the code, build an
application in premise and over the cloud.

291) What is Gradle?

Answer: Gradle is a build automation tool for multi language software development. It helps to
compile, package, test, and deploy an application.

292)What is Framework?

Answer: Software framework is a structured way in which certain type of files are saved at
particular folders, making it uniform to use and search for by end users and development team,
eg. Eclipse is an integrated development Environment where various project can be designed by
keeping together compiled code and reference classes in such a way that their integration is taken
care by eclipse internally making developers free from integration of these files. Eg. JavaScript
framework, Application framework, web framework and Ajax framework.

293) Have you heard about Teradata?

Answer: Teradata is one of the relational database management systems, suitable for building
large scale data warehousing applications for large volumes of data. Used in telecom, social
platforms like twitter, face book, and online marketplace such as amazon, flipkart, and other
ecommerce sites.

294) Have you heard about Hadoop?

Answer: Hadoop is an open source framework or collection of software utilities that stores data
and runs applications on clusters, providing massive storage for any kind of data, processing
power and limitless concurrent tasks.

295) Have you heard about Hansoft agile planning tool?

Answer: Hansoft is an agile planning tool providing single platform for decision making at
project, program and portfolio level, can be extended to diverse and dispersed teams across the
globe for various projects.

296)What is JIRA Issue and project tracking tool?

Answer: Jira help create user stories and issues, plan sprints, and distribute tasks across software
teams, prioritize and discuss team’s work with complete visibility; keep track of latest release
related information and real time visual data on team’s performance.

297) What do you think our company could do better?

Answer: This interview question helps you to uncover how much research the candidate did
before meeting with you, and it demonstrates their ability to think on the spot.

298) What experience do you have with developing corner cases?

Answer: This question will help you to figure out if your tester is willing to dig for different test
case scenarios that might not be as intuitive or clear up front.

299) Explain any of bug tracking tool,

Answer: I have used Bugzilla, to log bugs and track their status during software development life
cycle, Once the bug and its description and steps carried out to reproduce it is logged in, and
assigned to developer. The defect can be searched using advanced search, it is very easy to use,
and is lightweight open source software for bug management.

300) What is DevTrack cloud based development?

Answer: DevTrack is a cloud based software development tracking software that keep connected
with all the stackholders, interact, communicate and thus manage, prioritize and track tasks, and
bugs during development lifecycle. create projects, sprints and user stories on the fly, view and
share real time reports and data to analyze project status.