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    Plato was one of the most influential ancient Greek philosophers known for establishing the Academy in Athens and writing dialogues. He believed in ideal forms and that the purpose of the soul was to reach the realm of forms. Aristotle, a student of Plato, rejected Plato's theory of forms and believed in direct observation. Stephen Gosson criticized poetry as immoral and corrupting while Philip Sidney defended poetry in his "Apology for Poetry", arguing poetry teaches virtue and the abuse is from man not poetry itself.

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    Plato was one of the most influential ancient Greek philosophers known for establishing the Academy in Athens and writing dialogues. He believed in ideal forms and that the purpose of the soul was to reach the realm of forms. Aristotle, a student of Plato, rejected Plato's theory of forms and believed in direct observation. Stephen Gosson criticized poetry as immoral and corrupting while Philip Sidney defended poetry in his "Apology for Poetry", arguing poetry teaches virtue and the abuse is from man not poetry itself.

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    Plato was one of the most influential ancient Greek philosophers known for establishing the Academy in Athens and writing dialogues. He believed in ideal forms and that the purpose of the soul was to reach the realm of forms. Aristotle, a student of Plato, rejected Plato's theory of forms and believed in direct observation. Stephen Gosson criticized poetry as immoral and corrupting while Philip Sidney defended poetry in his "Apology for Poetry", arguing poetry teaches virtue and the abuse is from man not poetry itself.

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    Plato was one of the most influential ancient Greek philosophers known for establishing the Academy in Athens and writing dialogues. He believed in ideal forms and that the purpose of the soul was to reach the realm of forms. Aristotle, a student of Plato, rejected Plato's theory of forms and believed in direct observation. Stephen Gosson criticized poetry as immoral and corrupting while Philip Sidney defended poetry in his "Apology for Poetry", arguing poetry teaches virtue and the abuse is from man not poetry itself.

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    Dream of epiphany

    PLATO
    • Plato was one of the most famous, respected, and influential philosophers of all time. A type of love
    (Platonic) is named for him. We know the Greek philosopher Socrates mostly through Plato’s dialogues.
    Atlantis enthusiasts know Plato for his parable about it in Timaeus and other descriptions from Critias.

    • He saw tripartite structures in the world around him. His social structure theory had a governing
    class, warriors, and workers. He thought the human soul contained reason, spirit, and appetite.

    • Plato’s most famous work is the Republic, which details a wise society run by a philosopher. He is also
    famous for his dialogues (early, middle, and late), which showcase his metaphysical theory of forms—
    something else he is well known for.

    • According to Plato, all artistic creation is a form of imitation, that which really exists (in the “world
    of ideas”) is a type created by God; the concrete things man perceives in his existence are shadowy
    representations of this ideal type.
    • Plato had many reasons to want poetry banished from society; one in particular was that he felt poetry gave
    false impressions about the gods and heroes. He banished poets from his ideal state because they inspired by
    some sources and such poetry is not based on rationality and reason.

    • Plato believed that concepts had a universal form, an ideal form, which leads to his idealistic philosophy.

    • Plato believed that the purpose of the soul was to escape the burden of the body, and reach the Realm of
    Forms.

    • The philosophy of Plato is more theoretical and abstract in nature.

    • Plato believed that wisdom was the most important virtue and the supreme goal of existence. It is the
    foundation of all good and embodies all virtues.

    • Plato believed that soul was the guide to body and mind. He further divided the soul into three: emotion,
    desire, and reason. According to him, the soul is the part of reality.

    • Plato saw ultimate happiness as dependent upon society, and believed that man’s ultimate goal was becoming
    one with the universe.
    ARISTOTLE

    Aristotle is a towering figure in ancient Greek philosophy, who made important


    contributions to logic, criticism, rhetoric, physics, biology, psychology,
    mathematics, metaphysics, ethics, and politics. He was a student of Plato for
    twenty years but is famous for rejecting Plato’s theory of forms.
    According to Aristotle, the intellectual virtues include:
     Scientific knowledge
     artistic or technical knowledge
     intuitive reason
     practical wisdom
     philosophic wisdom
    According to Aristotle
     universal forms were not necessarily attached to each object or concept and
    that instance of an object or a concept has to be analyzed on its own.
     in favor of direct observation and experience.
     Truth was something concrete.
     art was essentially truthful
     Art is psychologically healthy.
     Art leads to moral knowledge.
     It was politically necessary and healthy as well.
     Poetry may imitate means they are, or betterment us idealized version of
    reality.
     He takes up the cudgel on behalf of the poetry and effectively brings out its
    superiority.
     soul is the form of living thing and was inseparable frim the body.
     Aristotle is more practical and experimental in nature.
     According to Aristotle, wisdom was a virtuous goal one could achieve with
    effort and diligence, and it was not a virtue that appeared automatically, nor
    was it a unification of other virtues.
     Aristotle believed that man’s ultimate goal was achieving excellence and
    becoming a master.
     Aristotle saw ultimate happiness as dependent upon the individual.
    GOSSON

    • Literature is immoral, irresponsible, unrealistic and corrupting the minds of the


    youth with unrealistic expectations
    • Literature spoil and misguide young generation
    • It is shadow of shadows and mother of lies
    • Poetry is a dangerous rival to morality
    • 1- It is a waste of time
    A man could employ his 2- Mother of lies
    time in more usefully Poetry is an imitation so it
    than in poetry. Spend can never be true, a copy of a
    one’s time on fruitful copy, it is unreliable and not
    knowledge because true.
    poetry does not benefit
    one in any way.

    GOSSON’S FOUR CHARGES


    AGAINST POETRY

    3- Nurse of abuse 4- Poets should be banished


    Poetey does not only because they are liars and
    encourages abusive themes but there should be no place for
    also nurtures them and liars in our surrounding and
    corrupts the mind of the young one’s country, Plato rightly
    people banished them and we
    should also exile them
    PHILLIP SIDNEY
     Philip Sidney defends poetry in his essay “Apology for Poetry” from the
    accusations made by Stephen Gosson in his “School of Abuse” dedicated to
    him. There, Gosson makes some objections against poetry. Sidney replies to
    the objections made by Gosson very emphatically, defending poetry in his
    essay. Sidney does this in a very logical and scholarly way.
    Sidney’s reply to Gosson’s charges:
     No learning is so good as that teacheth and moveth to virtue, and that none
    can both teach virtue, and thereto as much as poetry”.
     poet “nothing affirms, and therefore never lieth”, his end being “to tell not
    what is or what is not, but what should or should not be”
     To third charge, Sidney replies that poetry does not abuse man’s wit but it is
    man’s wit that abuses poetry.Abuse of poetry, according to Sidney, is not the
    problem of poetry but of the poet.
     Sidney concludes, “So as Plato banishing the abuse, not the ‘Thing’, not
    banishing it, but giving due honour unto it, shall be our patron and not
    adversary”.
    THANKYOU Presented by
     TOOBA BUTT
     AYESHA FATIMA
     MALEEHA NADEEM
     NARJIS RAZA
     KAYNAT ZAHID
     MEHWISH RUBAB
     HAMNA RAFIQ
     NUKHBA ARIF
     RUKHA KHALID
     RIMSHA TAHIR

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