CMPE 30184

MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCONTROLLERS

 What is Physical Computing?
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 What is Arduino?
 Arduino Boards
 Arduino Shields
 Arduino Uno Hardware
 Arduino IDE
MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCONTROLLERS
MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCONTROLLERS
MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCONTROLLERS

“Arduino is an open-source physical

computing platform based on a simple I/O
board and a development environment that
implements the Processing / Wiring
language. Arduino can be used to develop
stand-alone interactive objects or can be
connected to software on your computer.“
( www.arduino.cc, 2006 )
MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCONTROLLERS
MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCONTROLLERS

 Open Source Physical Computing Platform

− “open source hardware”
− open source: free to inspect & modify
− physical computing
 ubiquitous computing
 pervasive computing
 ambient intelligence
 calm computing
 Spimes
 Blogjects
 smart objects
 Community-built
− Examples wiki (the “playground”) editable by anyone
− Forums with lots of helpful people
MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCONTROLLERS
MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCONTROLLERS

 Who are the Arduino founders?

 The founders of Arduino are Massimo Banzi, David
Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino, David
Mellis, and Nicholas Zambetti. The Arduino project
was started in 2005 as a collaborative effort between
these individuals at the Interaction Design Institute
Ivrea in Italy. The goal of the project was to create an
easy-to-use platform for prototyping and DIY
electronics projects using microcontrollers. Since its
inception, the Arduino platform has grown in
popularity and has become a key tool for makers,
students, and hobbyists around the world.
 Arduino is a single-board open-source platform
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
for building electronic projects
 Arduino consists of two components:
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
−(1) a physical programmable circuit board designed
around an Atmel microcontroller, and
−(2) an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
which is used to write the code on a computer, and
then upload it to the physical board.
 Arduino does not need a separate piece of
MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCONTROLLERS


hardware (called a programmer) to load new
code onto the board – you can simply use a USB
cable.
 Arduino IDE uses a
MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCONTROLLERS


simplified version of
C++, making it easier
to learn to program.
 Arduino provides many
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
alternative boards.
 These boards vary in the
following aspects:
−the microcontroller type,
−The microcontroller speed
(frequency)
−the physical size,
−the number of input and output pins,
−the memory space for programs, and
−the board price.
 Examples of Ardunio boards include:
MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCONTROLLERS

Arduino Uno Arduino Leonardo Arduino Due

Arduino Micro Arduino Mega 2560 Arduino Nano

a quick comparison between the characteristics of some Arduino boards
  We can add functionality to an Arduino board by
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attaching shields.
 A shield is a circuit board that connects via pins to
the sockets on the sides of an Arduino.
 Hundreds of shields are available on the market.
 Examples of these shields include:
−GSM Shield
−Ethernet Shield
−WiFi Shield
 The GSM Shield with a SIM card allows an Arduino
MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCONTROLLERS


board to connect to the internet, make/receive
voice calls and send/receive SMS messages.
 The Ethernet Shield allows an Arduino board to
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
connect to the internet. It provides a network (IP)
stack capable of both TCP and UDP.
 The WiFi Shield allows an Arduino board to
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
connect to the internet using the 802.11 wireless
specification (WiFi). It provides a network (IP)
stack capable of both TCP and UDP.
MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCONTROLLERS
  The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based
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on the ATmega328.
 It has the following main parts:
−an ATmega382 microcontroller,
−a 16MHz clock,
−14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as
PWM outputs),
−6 analog inputs,
−an ICSP header,
−a USB connection,
−a power jack
−a reset button, and
−on board LEDs
 The Universal Serial Bus (USB)
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
connector connects the board to a
computer for three reasons:
−(1) to supply power to the
board
−(2) to upload code to the
Arduino
−(3) to send data to and receive
it from a computer.
 The Power Connector is used to
power the Arduino with a
standard mains power adapter.
 The microcontroller is a special type of processors
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
that …
−includes various types of memory to hold data and
programs,
−executes instructions, and
−provides various means of sending and receiving data.
  This row of pins offers power connections and the ability to use an
MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCONTROLLERS

external RESET button.

 The power pins are as follows:
− VIN: This pin is used to receive input voltage to the Arduino board
when it's using an external power source.
− 5V:This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board.
− 3.3V: This pin outputs a regulated 3.3V from the regulator on the
board.
− GND. This pin provides the Ground signal.
− IOREF: This pin on the Arduino board provides the voltage reference
with which the microcontroller operates.
 This row of pins offers six analog inputs that are
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
used to measure electrical signals that vary in
voltage.
 Furthermore, pins A4 and A5 can also be used for
sending data to and receiving it from other devices.
 Pins numbered 0 to 13 are digital input/output (I/O)
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
pins.
 Pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX) are also known as the serial
port, which is used to send and receive serial data to
other devices.
 The pins labeled with a tilde (~) can also generate a
varying electrical signal (PWM).
 The Arduino IDE
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IDE stands for Integrated

Development Environment

Arduino's IDE is
completely based on the
Processing IDE since
September 2005

Using the IDE is a 3-step

process:
1) Write your code
2) Compile the code
28 3) Upload to Arduino
 FILE MENU
NEW, SAVE, OPEN,
EXAMPLES…
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EDIT MENU
CUT, PASTE, FIND…

TOOLS MENU
COM-PORT SETTINGS,
TOOLS,
BOARD TYPE

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 VERIFY / COMPILE
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NEW SKETCH

OPEN SKETCH

SAVE SKETCH

UPLOAD

SERIAL MONITOR

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 Code structure
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Variable declaration
Variables are containers for values.
You can give a variable any name you
like.
The value of a variable can be
changed and used dynamically as
many times as you like.
Variables are good to use when you
use values more than once in your
program.
Arduino Uno has 32 kilobytes of flash
memory and can store up to 1024
bytes as variables.

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 Code structure
MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCONTROLLERS

The setup method

The Setup method is used to initiate
the board before the code gets
executed.
This code runs only once when the
reset button has been pressed.
It defines if pins should be used as
inputs or outputs, whether serial
communication is going to be used,
etc.

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 Code structure
MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCONTROLLERS

The program loop

The loop is where the action is!
This is where you write your program
It executes from top to bottom, line by
line, and then starts over (looping back).

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