Theoretical and Exper Study Steel Props
Theoretical and Exper Study Steel Props
Theoretical and Exper Study Steel Props
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I. INTRODUCTION
Top plate
The prop system consists of temporary structures made of
wood or steel, which is intended to hold the shape of the
Inner tube
concrete [1]. The steel prop can be reused in many different
kinds of works; has load capacity greater than wood;
precision leveling; fast and secure mounting; and also great Pin of
durability [2]. Its use in residential and commercial buildings fixation
with ceiling height until 3.50 meters [3].
The steel props are used during construction, alteration, Handle of
demolition and maintenance works [4]. However, structural adjust
failures of these systems have occurred on construction sites
Outer tube
in the past, due to inadequate design, poor installation and
over-loading, which would cause not only project delays but Bottom plate
Where,
K is a buckling coefficient;
L is a free length;
I is a moments of inertia of the section. Fig. 2 – Experimental study of the adjustable steel prop.
III. METHODOLOGY The load step was applied with increment of 100 kgf.
In this work were developed an experimental study, an Then, a longitudinal displacement was read by one DTI on
analysis of the computational model through the FLEP top. The lateral deflection was also read by two DTI installed
software [10] and a prop sizing following the NBR 15696/09 at a distance of 1.30 m from the base (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5).
The critical load used was the average of the maximum
loads supported (Pcr = 1650 kgf). The prototypes had little
lateral displacement during test until the buckling load as
shown in Fig. 6. The results of all props were similar
behavior to prop 1, Fig. 7. The lateral displacement was less
than 4 mm at the maximum load.
The collapse occurred always in the inner tube. The
increase of displacement with decrease of load occurred after
the critical load as shown in Fig. 8.
Fig. 3 – Hydraulic pump made by Hidraumon.
Fig. 6 – Visual displacement of the steel prop at the load 1673 kgf.
The load was increased until the point where the prop
showed instability. It is the time when there was deformation
without load increase. Table 2 shows the values of the applied
loads.
Where,
Roller support Pinned Support
[K t ] is the tangent stiffness matrix; and spring and spring
{d } are the nodal displacements; Fig. 10 - Discretization of the 2nd model by M.E.F (FLEP Program).
{F } are the combined nodal forces;
[K e ] is the elastic stiffness matrix; The elastic stiffness of support (Krotz) was calculated to
simulate the stiffness of the prop plate. According to [12], the
λ is dimensionless quantity;
stiffness of an elastic support is numerically equal to the force
[ ]
K g is the geometric stiffness matrix; that causes unit displacement of this support. Then, plate was
considered as shown in Fig. 11 and the free body diagram of
The lowest value of λ , which makes singular the matrix plate in Fig. 12.
[K t ] in (9), is the value of the critical load of linear elastic Unit rotation in the counterclockwise direction was
buckling of the structure. applied in the middle of the bar. Besides, was considered a
In the FLEP program was used a method based on the constant of cross section. Then, was obtained the stiffness
bisection algorithm. Where, the tangent stiffness matrix of coefficient, about 168 kN.cm/rad, through of coefficients
the structure [K t ] was factored for many values of sum, as shown in (8).
dimensionless quantity λ . For this, the Cholesk method was
used. Finally was obtained the value of the linear elastic
critical load.
The Frame element was used for two-dimensional
modeling. It is link by two nodes; having three degrees of
freedom per node. Two computational models were adopted
in this step. The first was discretized with rigid roller and
pinned support. The second model was discretized
considering elastic support because of end plate.
Fig. 11 – Plate illustration of steel prop.