The document provides an overview of the phylum Ascomycota. It notes that Ascomycota contains over 6,350 genera and 64,200 species, more than Basidiomycota. The largest subphylum is Pezizomycotina. Ascomycota reproduce sexually through ascocarps that contain ascospores within asci. They also reproduce asexually through mitospores or conidia. Morphological characteristics include ascocarps like apothecia and perithecia.
The document provides an overview of the phylum Ascomycota. It notes that Ascomycota contains over 6,350 genera and 64,200 species, more than Basidiomycota. The largest subphylum is Pezizomycotina. Ascomycota reproduce sexually through ascocarps that contain ascospores within asci. They also reproduce asexually through mitospores or conidia. Morphological characteristics include ascocarps like apothecia and perithecia.
The document provides an overview of the phylum Ascomycota. It notes that Ascomycota contains over 6,350 genera and 64,200 species, more than Basidiomycota. The largest subphylum is Pezizomycotina. Ascomycota reproduce sexually through ascocarps that contain ascospores within asci. They also reproduce asexually through mitospores or conidia. Morphological characteristics include ascocarps like apothecia and perithecia.
The document provides an overview of the phylum Ascomycota. It notes that Ascomycota contains over 6,350 genera and 64,200 species, more than Basidiomycota. The largest subphylum is Pezizomycotina. Ascomycota reproduce sexually through ascocarps that contain ascospores within asci. They also reproduce asexually through mitospores or conidia. Morphological characteristics include ascocarps like apothecia and perithecia.
compared to Basidiomycota ~ 1,350 Genera ~31,500 Species
Between 17,000 - 20,000 species (~ 30 - 40%) of Ascomycota
are lichenized
Many species are only known as asexual forms
Dikarya: Ascomycota and Basidiomycota Higher Fungi share common ancestor
Basidiomycota
Dikarya
Ascomycota
Glomeromycota
Zygomycota
Chytridiomycota Subphyla of Ascomycota Pezizomycotina is the largest subphylum of Ascomycota Lecanoromycetes lichens
Sordariomycetes perithecia
Leotiomycetes apothecia, inoperculate
Eurotiomycetes cleistothecia
Dothideomycetes pseudothecia, bitunicate
Arthoniomycetes perithecia, lichens
Pezizomycetes apothecia, operculate
Orbiliomycetes apothecia, nematode trappers
Saccharomycotina yeasts Ascomycetes and basidiomycetes both have a dikaryotic phase Dikaryophase in Ascomycota limited to ascocarp primordia
Hyphae have regular cross walls (septa), but contiguous cytoplasm
Ascomycota septa are simple: no dolipore, no clamp Woronin bodies associated with septal pores Cell walls primarily chitin, hyphae and conidia may have melanins Dominant nuclear condition is haploid, monokaryotic Differentiated tissue types, sporocarps macro- to microscopic Other cell wall structural components Fungal melanins—dark brown to black pigments, phenolic polymer
Give brown color to pigmented or
dematiaceous fungi
Can be related to pathogenicity in plant
and human pathogens Usually present in spores adapted for survival over long periods Add rigidity, mechanical strength to cell walls Protect cells from UV light damage, solar radiation, dessication, etc Confer resistance to enzyme lysis, Variations in septum structure
Ascomycete septa showing septal pore and Woronin bodies
Woronin bodies Asexual reproduction very common, very diverse in Ascomycota Ascomycetes often have two (or more) distinct reproductive phases
• meiotic: asci and ascospores (meiospores): Teleomorph
• mitotic: mitotic spores (conidia): Anamorph • holomorph: the whole organism and all its morphs
-one teleomorph may have multiple anamorphs (synanamorphs)
-one anamorph type may be associated with several unrelated teleomorphs Ascomycete classification is based on teleomorphs, which reflect natural (phylogenetic) relationships
BUT: many ascomycetes are known only by their asexual stages.
Deuteromycetes , Deuteromycota • former classifications of anamorphic species •no longer accepted in fungal taxonomy •an idea that deserves obscurity Deuteromycota
RIP Deuteromycota HONK if you hate Deuteromycota Primary morphological characters of Ascomycota • ascocarp or ascoma - sexual reproductive sporocarp Fertile layer a hymenium, asci plus sterile elements Apothecium Perithecium Cleistothecium Pseudothecium ostiole Pezizomycotina is the largest subphylum of Ascomycota Lecanoromycetes lichens
Sordariomycetes perithecia
Leotiomycetes apothecia, inoperculate
Eurotiomycetes cleistothecia
Dothideomycetes pseudothecia, bitunicate
Arthoniomycetes perithecia, lichens
Pezizomycetes apothecia, operculate
Orbiliomycetes apothecia, nematode trappers
Saccharomycotina yeasts •ascus - a sac-like cell located within the ascocarp - site of karyogamy, meiosis, and usually one or more mitotic divisions • ascospores - meiospores, cleaved from cytoplasm within the ascus - formed by free cell formation Ascomata or ascocarps - sexual reproductive structure the equivalent of a basidiocarp apothecium - cup-shaped sporocarp - exposed hymenium - discomycetes Rhytisma Cyttaria Uncinula photo Bryce Kendrick
Sclerotinia photo APSnet
Lophodermium
Leotia Phyllactinia photo Bryce Kendrick Lachnellula perithecium - flask-shaped sporocarp - hymenium surrounded by fungal tissue - ostiole; opening for spore release - solitary or embedded in a stroma (pl stromata) - pyrenomycetes
www.kki.pl/zenit/grzyby_spyt/ga181.htm
cleistothecium - completely closed sporocarp, no ostiole open by rupture of outer wall - asci typically scattered - plectomycetes pseudothecium - ascocarp of Dothideomycetes -indistinguishable from perithecium -ascolocular development one or multiple chambers (locules) -asci bitunicate Ascus
