Health Care Products from Aromatic

Plants
Value added Products from Essential oils

Aromatherapy

Cosmetics Flavours

Aroma chemicals
Dentistry Essential oils

Perfumes Insect
Agarbatti
repellents
Food Flavors
Agarbattis
Mosquito Repellent
Aromatherapy
 Food Flavors
Flavor perception is the sensory impression of food or any other
chemical substance, determined by chemical senses of taste and
smell. Flavors are a mixture of volatile aroma compounds which
are classified to natural, natural identical, and artificial
flavorings, .Different chemical substances contribute to
particular flavor perceptions .
Flavor-active compounds, which are normally present in
beverages and liquid foods, are various organic compounds,
typically present at low concentrations (ppm levels). Different
classes of these organic compounds, which can be regarded as
aromas, for instance, are aldehydes,, esters, carboxylic acids
,phenols ,hydrocarbons , ketones ,and terpenes .These flavor-
active components are widely used in beverage industry with
the largest market
 Classification of Flavouring substances:
Depending on the source materials and accepted techniques Flavors can be
Broadly classified into three categories: (1) Natural Flavoring substances and
(2) Artificial / Synthetic flavoring substances.
Natural flavors
The flavoring substances, which are naturally present in plant and animal
source materials, must be isolated for example via extraction or distillation -
processes where specific substances are separated from a natural mixture.
Different processes applied for extraction of natural flavors are:
1) Extraction process as for example in coffee preparation wherein hot water
is used for extraction of coffee flavor from coffee powder and vanilla extract
from vanilla beans where alcohol or supercritical carbon dioxide is used for
extraction.
2) Distillation process wherein the plant or animal source material are brought
to a certain, pre-determined boiling point and the steam is collected by
cooling, as for example to produce natural citral from lemon grass oil.
 According to FDA

The term natural flavor or natural flavoring means the

essential oil, oleoresin, essence or extractive, protein
hydrolysate, distillate, or any product of roasting,
heating or enzymolysis, which contains the flavoring
constituents derived from a spice, fruit or fruit juice,
vegetable or vegetable juice, edible yeast, herb, bark,
bud, root, leaf or similar plant material, meat, seafood,
poultry, eggs, dairy products, or fermentation products
thereof, whose significant function in food is flavoring
rather than nutritional.
 Natural flavors
From plant or animal raw material Isolated by physical
methods. Obtained from microbial or enzymatic
processes.
Naturalidencal flavouring
Obtained by synthesis or isolated through chemical
processes.E.g. Vanillin from lignin, Citral obtained by
chemical synthesis
Artificial flavourings
Not intended yet in a natural product typically
produced by fractional distillation and additional
chemical manipulation.
 Artificial / Synthetic flavoring substances

There is distinguished difference between nature-

identical and artificial flavoring substances, both being
produced by chemical methods. However, nature-
identical flavoring substances have the same chemical
formula as their natural model. This is not the case for
artificial flavoring substances.
At present there is no classification between nature-
identical and artificial flavoring with the application of
the new EC Flavoring Regulation
 Nature-identical flavoring substances
Nature-identical flavoring substances are isolated from raw
materials by chemical methods or are produced synthetically. For
example, vanillin, the main component of vanilla beans, can be
produced as a natural or a nature-identical flavoring substance.
Nature-identical means that nature-identical flavoring substances
are “born” in a laboratory but that their chemical structures are
identical to the substances present in natural products. A
substance can only be named as nature-identical if it naturally
occurs in plant or animal raw materials. For example, the
molecular structure and the smell or flavor of natural citral which
can be distilled from lemon grass oil, and of nature-identical
citral which is chemically synthesized, do not differ. Only the
production methods are different, and the substances are
obtained from different source materials.
Lipase: potential biocatalyst for flavor and fragrance ester
compounds
Application

Ester synthesis

Immobilization

Supercritical fluids

Organic solvents
Free
IIIII
Lipase

Sub critical
 Role of supercritical fluid in enzymatic reactions

▪ Increases yield of desired esters.

▪ Improved catalytic activity of R. oryzae lipase on immobilization in

organic solvents (four-fold increase) as well as in SC-CO2 (eight-fold
increase) as compared to free lipase.

▪ Use of hog pancreas lipase for the synthesis of iso-amyl esters gives
more conversion in SC-CO2 medium as compared to solvent free
reaction medium.
 Lipase catalytic reactions in SC-CO2 medium

Ester Lipase Reaction Yield

source conditions
Citronellol laurate Novozym 435 600C, 5 h, 500 rpm, 87%
12% (w/w of
substrates)
Decyl acetate Novozym 435 350C, 1–5 h, 100 bar 99%
Isoamyl butyrate Crude HPL 450C, 12 h, enzyme 10-34%
(20 mg), 90 bar
Isoamyl Crude HPL 450C, 12 h, enzyme 60-93%
propionate (20 mg), 90 bar
Isoamyl octanoate Crude HPL 450C, 12 h, enzyme 77-97%
(20 mg), 90 bar
 Lipase catalytic reactions in SC-CO2 medium

Terpinyl CRL 500C, 1.5 h, 100 99%

acetate bar
Isoamyl Novozym 435 400C, 80–300 bar 100%
acetate

Isoamyl Crude HPL 450C, 12 h, 20mg of <4%

acetate enzyme, 90 bar

Geranyl Novozym 435 300C, 100 bar 94%

acetate

Lavandulol Novozym 435 600C, 4h, 100 bar 86%

Terpinyl Lipozyme 500C, 1.5 h, 100bar 53%

acetate
 Different Flavoring Compounds

Astringency
Astringency usually involves the association of
Tannins
Astringency may be a desirable flavor property,
such as in tea.
Red wine is a good example of a beverage that exhibits both
astringency and bitterness cause by polyphenols.
 Flavoring preparations

Flavoring preparations are not chemically defined substances

but complex mixtures whose composition is defined by natural
raw materials. Well known examples are vegetable and fruit
extracts, spice and herb extracts and yeast extract. As is the case
with natural flavoring substances, flavoring preparations are
obtained from plant, animal or microbiological source materials
by means of physical or biotechnological production processes.
Flavoring preparations are often the main component of citrus,
spice and mint flavorings, reflecting their characteristic smell
and taste.
 Pungency
Pungency
• Certain compounds found in several spices and vegetables
cause characteristic hot, sharp, and sensations that are known
collectively as pungency.
• Some pungent principles, such as those found in chili
peppers, black pepper, and ginger, are not volatile and
exert their effects on oral tissues.
• Other spices and vegetables contain pungent principles that are
somewhat volatile, and produce both pungency and
characteristic aromas
• These include mustard, horseradish, vegetable radishes,
onions, garlic, and the aromatic spice, clove, which contains
eugenol as the active component.
Chili peppers (Capsicum sp.) contain a group of
substances known as capsaicinoids.

Ginger is a spice derived from the rhizome of a

tuberous perennial - phenylalkyl ketones called
gingerols.
 Super Critical Extraction of Ginger
• India is the world’s largest producer
of ginger, accounting for about 27%
of global trade.

• Indians consider it as
Mahaoushadha (the great
medicine) and this finds its use in
classical texts like Ashtanga-
hridayam, Sushrutha Samhita and
Charaka Samhita.

• In NER ginger is a main crop in the

region, contributing 49% of India’s
total area under ginger cultivation
and 72% of India’s ginger crop
production (www.icar.org.in, 2014 -
15).

2/13/2024
 Ginger extracts
Essential oil Oleoresin

• Total of steam volatile components • Total soluble extractives in a

specified solvent.

• Possesses aroma but lacks • Full organoleptic properties (aroma,

pungency. flavor and pungency).

• Applications in perfume and flavor • Applications as flavorings and

in confectionary, beverages etc. pharmaceutical preparations
IIT Delhi
 Supercritical extraction Unit

1. CO2 cylinder, 2. Flow meter, 3. Heat exchanger, 4. CO2 pump, 5. Non- returning valve, 6.
Cooling/Heating jacket, 7. Extractor,
8. Raw material bag, 9. Automated Back Pressure Regulator (ABPR),
10. Product collector, 11. Manual ABPR, 12. Chiller, 13A. Sampling bottle, 13B. Solvent bottle, 14. PLC
system, 15. Solvent dosing pump.

2/13/2024 IIT Delhi 21

 Ginger essential oil (volatile oil)

• Low molecular weight compounds (Smaller and lighter molecules)

• Highly solubility in lower CO2 pressures (< 150 Bars)
2/13/2024 IIT Delhi 22
 Ginger oleoresin (non-volatile oil)

• High molecular weight compounds (Heavy, viscous and dark extract)

• Solubility increases with increasing CO2 pressures ( > 250 Bars)
IIT Delhi 23
 Cooling

• Cooling sensations occur when certain chemicals

contact the nasal or oral tissues and stimulate a
specific saporous receptor.
• These effects are most commonly associated
with mint-like flavors, including peppermint,
spearmint, and wintergreen.

• Several compounds cause the sensation but

menthol , in the natural form (1-isomer), is most
commonly used in flavors.
 Sulfur-Containing Volatiles in Allium sp.
• Plants in the genus Allium are characterized by strong, penetrating
aromas, and important members are onions, garlic, leek etc.

• The precursor of the sulfur compounds that are responsible for the
flavor and aroma of onion vegetable is S-(1-propenyl)-L-cysteine
sulfoxide.
• The flavor of garlic (Allium sativum L.) is formed by Diallyl
thiosulfinate (allicin)
Incense Sticks (Agarbatti)
 Agarbattis

• Agarbatti are use in religious and social function

• 80% Agarbatti and doop production are in Cottage scale and
KVIC units
• Unskilled women are involved in rolling and packaging
• This industry is ideally suitable for employment of Women in
Rural Areas.
 Agarbatti Industry

Inputs: Forest / Aromatic Plants base products.

Background of the Industry:
➢Traditional Indian cottage industry
➢Production process mention in Agamya sastra and Ayurveda
➢Natural Ingredients mentions in the literature having
medicinal properties like:
➢Antifungal and Antibacterial properties
➢Stimulate mind or elevate a person’s mood
➢Agarbattis reportedly clears lungs congestion.
➢Agarbattis are a fragrant frame ambassador of India
 Agarbatti Production Process
Production activities like: Bamboo sticks sorting, charcoal Production, Pre
Mixing of Powder , Rolling, Drying, Perfuming ,Packing etc.
Raw materials
Wood: Sandalwood, Agar wood , Deodar wood, Cedar wood, Rose Wood
Roots: Khus, Costus,, Calamus, Nagar motha
Barks: Cinnamon, Kapur kachri, Jigat
Seed: Ambrettee, Aniseed, Musk, Ajowan, Cardamom,
Leaves: Patchouli, Davana, Tagete,
Flowers: Dried rose buds, Moulshree, Jasmine
Gums: Jigat, Benzoin, labdanum,, Balsam, Dhoop, Tamarind seed powder
etc
Misc. Charcoal, Saltpeter, Colors,Baboo sticks,
Cottage Scale Agarbatti Production
 Raw Materials for Aggarbati Production

Jigat Powder Saltpeter

Resinoids Dammar

Guggul Dhoop, Sal resin

labdanum
Sandal wood Powder
Cutting of Bamboo sticks
Rolling of Agarbatti Sticks
Packaging of Agarbatti sticks
Automatic Agarbatti Rolling and Perfume blending Machine
Empowering Women through Agarbatti Production

Bhopal, 17-18 September 2009

 SWOT ANALYSIS OF AGARBATTI INDUSTRY
Agarbatti industry is basically a cottage industry which provides employment to weaker
section of the society (mostly women in rolling)
1) Strength
➢ Low per capita investment
➢ High employment potential
➢ Pollution free ( eco friendly industry)
➢ Low cost of P & M ( plants & machineries)
➢ Low management cost
➢ Industry can be started any where
➢ Different type of Agarbatti can be produced in different location based on local raw materials

2) Weakness
➢ Unorganized production units
➢ Difficulties is contacting the individual artisan
➢ Manual process / non improved method of production
➢ No effective quality control methods
➢ Lack of Marketing intelligence
3. Opportunities:
➢Scope for diversification of product range and value addition.
➢Large /full participation of women in such activities by SHG in Rural
areas.
4. Threats:
➢Scarcity of raw materials / difficulty in timely or easy availability
➢Exploitation by middleman.
➢Lack of R& D support
➢Bank loan not available for Small Scale Units
➢MNC are entering in to Agarbatti production and marketing
Mosquito Repellants Products
MOSQUITO PROBLEM IN INDIA
About 4 lakhs people per annum die from diseases
caused by mosquitoes.
Other than malaria, dengue fever, Chikengunia,
Japanese encephalitis and filariasis are the most
common transmitted disease in India.
Presently mosquito repellents such as chemical
repellants i.e. allethrin is imported and expensive one.
 Mosquito Repellants

• Mosquito repellants are insecticides used for killing

or to control of mosquitoes
• To destroy them many preparations are available in
the market in various recipes like spray, soap, oil,
powder, cream repellant, coil etc.
• Allethrine, is the main ingredient is used in the
manufacture of mosquito repellant products.
Mosquito Repellants Products from Essential oils
Synthetic Repellents
 Synthetic Pyrethroids
Synthetic Pyrethroids, is the synthetic chemical form of
Pyrethrum found in the chrysanthemum flower. The
compounds have low toxicity for humans and birds, and are
used in many household insecticides such as liquid repellants
as well as mosquito coils. They act by paralyzing the insect
before it kills. They are also used as an ultra low volume (ULV)
spray for outdoor mosquito control.
 Allethrin

The Allethrins are a pair of related synthetic compounds used

in insecticides. They are synthetic pyrethroids is used mainly
for the control of flies and mosquitoes in the home, flying and
crawling insects on farm animals, and fleas and ticks on dogs
and cats. It is formulated as aerosols (1 – 6 g/litre), sprays,
dusts (1%), smoke coils, and mats. It is used alone or
combined with synergists (e.g.piperonyl butoxide and N-
octylbicycloheptene dicarboximide) or other insecticides (e.g.,
fenitrothion). It is also available in the form of emulsifiable
concentrate.
 Bioallethrin

Bioallethrin is more than twice as effective as allethrin and is

mainly used to control household insects. It is formulated as
aerosols and sprays with synergists and/or other insecticides
(e.g., d-phenothrin or deltamethrin).
 DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide)

DEET is the most common active ingredient proven to

prevent mosquito bites. It is a member of the toluene
chemical family and DEET is slightly yellow liquid at
room temperature and can be prepared by converting
m-toluic acid to acyl chloride and reacting with
diehtylamine
 Harmful Effects of Synthetic repellants
These chemicals in the form of vapors block the chemo
reception and also the respiratory tracts of the mosquitoes
and thus they avoid the hostile situation. The chemical
repellents used as mosquito repellents are toxic substances.
Even though the concentration of the ingredient is in a safe
level, this may cause allergic and respiratory problems in
some persons. Precautions are recommended :
1. Inhalation and skin contact.
2. Wash contaminated skin and eyes.
3. Destroy empty containers after use.
4. Keep away from food stuff and animal feeds.
Harmful Effects of Synthetic Repellant
Inhaling synthetic pyrthroids can lead to conditions such as:
• Asthmatic breathing
• Sneezing
• Nasal stuffiness
• Tremors and headache
Ingestion of large amounts of pyrthroids can lead to
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Convulsions
• Paralysis
• Respiratory failure
• Death
 Natural / Herbal Repellents

Containing one or more natural extracts or essential oils

having insecticidal properties .Most common natural
repellents used are oils extracted from plants. These
natural products will effectively repel mosquitoes, but
they require more frequent reapplication (at least every 2
hours). Citronella Oil, Lemon, Eucalyptus Oil, Cinnamon
Oil, Castor Oil, Rosemary Oil, Lemongrass Oil, Cedar
Oil, Peppermint Oil, Clove Oil, Garlic Oil etc are found
to be effective against mosquitoes.
Pyrethrum Flowers
 Pyrethrum Flowers
Flowers of Chrysanthemum cineraria folium

• Predominant botanical in use accounting 80% botanical market

• Flowers are powdered , extracted with hexane, yields orange colored liquid,
three esters of chrysanthemum acids and three esters of pyrethric acids.
Among 6 esters, those incorporating the alcohol pyrethrolone (pyrethrin I&II)
most abundant and accounts for insecticidal properties

• Due to UV photosensitivity outdoor use limited, created impetus for

development of synthetic derivatives:
pyrethroids through various structural-activity relationships, pyrethroids now
lost the character of being natural

• For many years pyrethrum production led by Kenya, for past few years,
Australia has become the second largest producer in world (~30% world
production at present)
 Pyrethrins
• Pyrethrin is a plant-derived substance, used as an insecticide.
Pyrethrins comes from the flowers of the Chrysanthemum
cinerariifolium. Pyrethrins and its modified forms are used to
prepare mosquito coils, mats liquids etc. Natural pyrethrins
are highly fat soluble, but are easily degraded and thus do not
accumulate in the body.
• The Pyrethrins are a pair of natural organic compounds that
have potent insecticidal activity Pyrethrin I and pyrethrin II
are structurally related esters with a cyclopropane core. They
are viscous liquids that oxidize to become inactivated. They
are non-persistent, being biodegradable, and break down on
exposure to light or oxygen.
 Sources of Pyrethrin in India

Sources Pyrethrin conc. in flower (%)

Kashmir 0.92
Punjab 0.90
U.P. 0.78
Tamilnadu 1.38
Assam 1.41
Orissa 1.15
Kenya 1.33
Dalmatia 0.98
Japan 1.01
Mechanism of Action

• To increase the lethality of pyrethrin, a substance called piperonyl

butoxide (PBO) is added

• Made from sassafras oil, and is also considered safe

• PBO blocks a different chemical pathway than pyrethrin

• Combination of the two insecticides are extremely effective

• Neurotoxin that attacks insects nervous system

• Paralyzes insects
Pyrethrins vs. Pyrthroids

Difference between the two:

• Pyrethrins are derivatives of chemicals found in nature
(chrysanthemum flowers).
• Pyrethroids are produced in laboratories
• Synthetic chemicals created to be similar to natural pyrethrins
• Pyrethroids have longer environmental persistence and stronger
toxicity
 Liquid Repellents
Liquid repellants are now widely used to repel mosquitoes. The
Liquidator mosquito repellent has a graphite rod in the middle and the
bottle is filled with the repellent. There is a heater coil in the liquidator.
The repellent chemical when comes in to contact with the heated rod
turns into fume which disables the sensors of the mosquitoes. The fumes
produced by the repellent blocks the chemo sensors of mosquitoes so
that they cannot identify human beings.
• Liquid mosquito repellents contain chemicals such as Prallelthrin ,
Allethrin etc. Of these the most commonly used one is Pralletrhin.
Prallethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. It is an Yellow
to amber viscous liquid. d -trans-Prallethrin is a potent contact
insecticide which produces a rapid knock-down, with same chemical and
physical properties as Prallethrin.d-trans-Allethrin is also a powerful
repellent used in mosquito coil and liquid.
Liquid Mosquito repellant Vaporizer
Essential oil based Mosquito repellants Cream
Citronella (or Cymbopogon Nardus) is a grass.
Citronella leaves contain active ingredients of
citronellol, citronellal and geraniol. These
aromatic oils make it impossible for
mosquitoes to smell their hosts out.
Citronella Grass
 Formulations of Mosquito coils
No. 1
Allethrin 0.2%
Wood Flour, Starch,
Sandal Saw Dust,
Perfume Etc. 99.8%
No. 2
Wood flour /powder 150 gm
Charcoal powder 30 gm
Pyrethrum Powder 20 gm
Citronella Oil 10 gm
No. 3
Powder of wood 1 kg
Powder of leaves 500 gm
Purethrum powder 200 gm
Starch 10 gm
Fungicide & Essential herbs q.s
No. 4
Wood flour 1
Charcoal 2
Sandal saw dust 400 gm
Pyrethrum Extracts 80 gm
 Promising plant species having insecticidal properties

Plant name Plant extract

Anethum sowa (seed) Essential oil
Azadirachta indica (Neem Volatile and non-
leaves/kernel) volatile fraction
Curcuma species (haldi) Essential oil
rhizome and leaf
Ocimum species (tulsi, marua Essential oil
etc)
Mentha species (pudina) Essential oil
Chenopodium (bathua) Essential oil
Nirgundi Essential oil
Tagates (genda) Essential oil
 Promising plant species of India having insecticidal properties

Tagetus minuta (Compositae)

Anethum sowa (seed)

Lantana camara (Verbnaceae)
Ocimum basilicum (Indian)
 Some plant having repellent activity against mosquito
vectors
Plants species Plant product
Tagetus minuta (Compositae) Essential oil Whole plant, flower
Cymbopogen spp. (Gramineae) Essential Oil
Mentha piperita (Labiatae) Essential oil
Dalbergia sisoo Roxb Essential oil
(Leguminasae)
Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) Neem oil –water emulsion
Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) 2% Neem oil-mixed with
coconut/mustard oil as topical
application
Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) 5-10% Neem oil-impregnated on mats
(vapours)
Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) 1% Neem oil in kerosene (smoke)
Eucalyptus maculata (Myrtaceae) PMD Spray 50% ai based on essential
oil
Lantana camara (Verbnaceae) Flower-Methanol extract+Coconut oil
Relative Efficacy of Innovative and commercial
personal protection methods
PP Methods % protection
Mosquitoes An. culicifacies Total Anophiines Cx. quinque. Total

1% Esbiothrin 98.8 99.0 94.6 98.5

1% EK lamp 100.0 100.0 99.6 99.7
1% NK lamp 95.4 89.3 69.6 77.9
2% NK lamp 100.0 95.1 80.7 81.2
C. Martinii sofia100.0 100.0 96.8 96.3
C. Nardus 100.0 100.0 97.8 97.9
C. Citratus 98.7 99.5 97.6 98.2
Good Night 55.0 64.0 46.9 51.7
Tortoise coil 65.3 77.6 84.0 68.6
PRODUCTION PROCESS MOSQUITO REPELLENTS

Production of mosquito repellent process is similar to Agarbatti

manufacturing process
1. Oil extraction : Neem oil (Oil expeller),
Essential oil (Steam distillation)
2. Grinding of mosquito repellent ingradients:
a) jigat powder (Mochilas makrantha)
b) Nurva
c) Waste sandal wood
d) Charcoal
3. Preparation of semisolid paste + Gum (Temarind seed kernel
powder,Guar Gum)
4.Rolling Sun drying Perfuming Packing
 Neem Based Mosquito Coil

Ingredients % w/w
Saw dust and Neem 30-60%
powder
Jigat 6-7%
Potassium nitrate/Cow 3-4%
dung
Guar gum powder 1-2%
Sodium benzoate 0.5- 1%
Active Ingredients 0-60%
Total 100%
NEEM BASED MOSQUITO CONTROL PRODUCTS
: •COILS
•MATS
•CREAM
•LARVICIDAL
 Aromatherapy

• Cure with aroma.

• The art-and science of using essential oil for
treatment.
• Holistic therapy, taking into account of the mind,
body and spirit of the person .
Essential Oil

have specific effect

But in combination they

behave
Synergistically
 Background of Aromatherapy
Essential oils/Aromatherapy oils are in use since 5,000 years
(Ayurvedic Massage oils, Egyptian Medicines,Chinise Medicine )
1922 – Cayola & Garri demonstrated the beneficial effects of
essential oils on the nervous system:
– Measured blood pressure and breathing frequency
– Observed antibacterial properties

1928-Rene Maurice Gattefosse :discover the healing( burn)

properties of Lavender oil.
1904 –Cuthbert Hall has shown that the antiseptic power of
Eucalyputus oil
– Dr Jean Valnet treated specific medical and psychiatric
disorders by using essential oil and published in 1964 as
Aromatherapy.
 Aromatherapy
• Aromatherapy is the practice of using volatile plant oils,
including essential oils, for psychological and physical well-
being.
• Essential oils, the pure essence of a plant, have been found to
provide both psychological and physical benefits when used
correctly and safely.
• In addition to essential oils, aromatherapy encourages the use
of other complementary natural ingredients including cold
pressed vegetable oils, jojoba (a liquid wax), hydrosols, herbs,
milk powders, sea salts, sugars ,clays and muds.
 Therapeutic properties of essential oils
Therapeutic Uses Essential Oils
Properties

Antiseptic Disinfectants Anise, Chamomile, Cedar wood, Cyprus,

Eucalyptus, Juniper, Lavender, Rose,
Peppermint

Cerebrone utropic Improving metabolism of brain, Tulsi, Clove, Dill, Juniper, Lemon, Rosemary,
nervous system, clearing mind Thyme. Sandalwood.

Sedative Calming, Soothing, Toning, Relaxing Chamomile, Cedar wood, Jasmine, Lavender,
Patchouli, Sandalwood.

Stomachic Digestive Anise, Basil, Bergamot, Chamomile, Dill,

Fennel, Sandalwood,

Analgesic Pain killer Chamomile, Clove, Geranium, Jasmine,

Lavender, Pepper, Sage, Thyme, Marigold

Hypnotic Sleeping agent Basil, Chamomile, Hop, juniper, Lavender,

Sandalwood, Ylang Ylang, Rose, Orange.
Anti rheumatic Rheumatic care Chamomile, Camphor, Cyprus, Mint, Rosemary,
Sage
Anticrime Cold remedies Basil, Camphor, Cedar wood, Eucalyptus,
Cyprus.
 Scientific evidences of aromatherapy

1,8-Cineole

Inhalation

Increases cerebral blood flow

in the cortex

(Jager et al. 1996, Pharmacokinetic studies of the fragrance compound

1,8–cineole in humans during inhalation, Chem. Senses, 21(4): 477–9).
 Scientific evidences of aromatherapy
Linalool & Linalyl Acetate

Mixed at 2%

Peanut oil
Applied Over

Human Skin
After 90 min. Detected in

Blood Plasma(20ng/ml)
(Jager, W. et al. 1992, Percutaneous absorption of lavender oil for a
massage oil, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 43(1): 49–54).
 Lavender & Sandalwood oil

Increases -wave activity in EEG

(showing mentally relaxed state or meditation)

Sugano, H. 1992, Psychophysiological studies of fragrance, In: The Psychology

and Biology of Fragrance,
Toller and Dodd (Eds.), London, Chapman & Hall, 221–8)
 Sandalwood oil

Antiviral activity against Herpes simplex 1&2, by interfering

to replicate it

(Benevicca, F. and Courreges, M. 1999. Antiviral activity of sandalwood

oil against Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, Phytomedicine, 6(2): 119–
23).
Scientific evidences of aromatherapy

Rosemary Oil
(1,8-cineole rich)

Activating, refreshing, remedy against exhaustion

(The locomotor activity of test animals increased significantly after
inhalation of this oil)

(Kovar, K.A. et al. 1987. Blood levels of 1,8–cineole and

locomotor activity of mice after inhalation and oral administration
of rosemary oil, Planta Medica, 53: 315–8).
 Scientific
evidences
Jasmine oil Lavender oil
of aromatherapy

Effect similar to caffeine Effect similar to

tranquilizers
(sedation)

Proved by increased CNV Proved by decreased CNV

after inhalation after inhalation

CNV: Contingent Negative Variation

Upward shift in brain waves recorded by electro encephalogram (EEG)

In perfumery, The Psychology and Biology of Fragrance,

Toller and Dodd (Eds.) Chapmann & Hall, 107-120).
 Frequency and Aromatherapy

Canned food and processed food – 0 MHz

Fresh Produce – 15MHz
Dry Herb – 12-22MHz
Fresh Herbs – 20- 27 MHz
Essential oils – 52 – 320MHz
Healthy body – 62-78MHz

Negative thought can lower frequency by 12MHz

Positive thought can raise frequency by 10MHz
Prayer and meditation can increase frequency by 15MHZ
 Essential oils in Aromatherapy

Essential oils enter the body in three ways

• Inhaled
• Ingested
• Absorbed through the
skin
Olfactory System Skin System

Aromatherapy enters into body

through either olfactory or skin
systems. The essential oils will then
absorbed by blood system and will
circulate throughout the entire body.
 Action of Essential Oils in Aromatherapy

• Odors signals are passed directly to the limbic system of brain

evoking an immediate emotion or instinctual response.
• Aromatic molecules are enter the lungs and are absorbed into
the blood.
• The blood is carried to the heart and transported through out
body via circulatory systems.
• Different oils have affinities with specific part of the body.
• Waste and toxins are processed by the liver and kidney and
eliminated via the lungs but also in the urine and sweats.

.
 Aromatherapy Products
• Essential oils
• Hydrosols
• Attar
• Expressions
• Absolutes
• Massage oil
• Candle
• Soap
 Aromatherapy (Health Care Products)
• Regular use of aromatherapy is a gentle, effective way of
maintaining good health.
• Aromatherapy can be used in a number of different ways to
function more efficiently and alleviate the effects of stress
and tension.
• Most of the treatments are simple enough to try at home.
➢ Bathing
➢ Steaming and inhalation
➢ Compresses
➢ Massage
➢ Infant Massage
Bathing
Aromatherapy baths can help:
➢ Nervous tension
➢ Headache
➢ Fatigue
➢ Muscular aches and pains
➢ Colds and flu
Steaming and Inhalation
➢ Steaming with essential oils can be used to deep cleanse and moisten the face and
maintain a healthy supplement to skin.
➢ Inhalation of essential oil help to relieve from cold and headache.
Compresses(Folded cloth)
Aromatherapy compresses helpful in treatment of
➢ Bruises
➢ Muscular aches and pains
➢ Irritated skin conditions
 Application of Aromatherapy

Massage oil
Helps in improving the
circulation and relaxing the
nervous system, respiratory
problems like coughing and
congestion.
Oil recommended for massage :
Lavender,Eucalyptus,Geranium,Ros
emary,Lemon
 Massage oil
Essential oils can be applied topically to the skin. Common
examples include applying a blend that contains wintergreen,
clove, and peppermint over soar joint to stop pain.
Our skin is somewhat permeable. The active chemicals in
essential oils are absorbed just like the ingredients in
common pharmaceuticals such as hormone replacement
therapy cream.
 Factors that Increase Skin Absorption

• Places on the body with greater concentrations of

sweat glands and hair follicles, such as the genitals,
head, soles, palms, and armpits
• Massaging the area first will increase circulation to
that area, thereby causing an increase in absorption
of essential oils.
• Heat will likewise increase circulation and thus
enhance absorption.
 Stress Free formulation
• Formulated to reduce Stress of all types – mental,
emotional and physical.
• Main Ingredients:
Geranium, Bergamot, Lime oils
Lavender, Sandalwood, Tulsi
Ayurvedic evidences of aromatherapy

Extracted Aromatic Materials in Ayurveda

Distilled Extract Aromatic Water Alcoholic Extract

(Arka) (Parisrutodaka) (Gandhsattva)
 Ayuromatherapy

• Ayurvedic evidence of use of aroma

• Unlimited use of fragrant materials
• Self explanatory nature of name
Ayurveda + Aroma + Therapy

Ayuromatherapy:
Aromatherapy from Ayurveda
 Natural Fragrant Material in Ayurvedic Literature
S. Fragrant Part used Uses Main Constituents Ayurvedic
N. Material Literature

1. Turmeric Rhizome Skin Care ar-Turmerone Atharva Veda

Curcumin
2. Sandal Wood Heart Wood Skin disease Anointment a -Santalol Ramayana
b –Santalol Sushruta Smhita

3. Cedar wood Heart Wood Antiseptic Diuretic Cedrol Charak Samhita

a - Himacchalene
b- Himacchalene

4. Jatamansi Rhizome Deodorant, Hair care Jatamansone Sushruta Samhita

5. Nutmeg Fruit Mouth Freshner Pinene,Myriticin, Sushruta Samhita

Dipentene
6. Kadamba Flower Laxative Bhavaprakash
Nighantoo (4.34)
7. Kamala Flower Lactation Kaiyadev
Nighantoo
(1.1445)
S.N Fragrant Material Part used Uses Main Constituents Ayurvedic Literature

8. Saffron Flower Skin care safranal Dhanvantari Nighantoo (3.13)

9. Keora Flower Foul Smell Phenyl Ethyl Methyl Ether Bhava Prakash Nighantoo (4.41)
Aphrodisiac Shaligram Nighantoo (382)

10. Champaka Flower Wound Benzyl Alcohol, Cineole, Raj Nighantoo (10.241)
iso- Eugenol

11. Malti Flower Blood Disorder Bhava Prakash Nighantoo (4.26)

Astanga Sangraya (Su 12)

12. Hazara Flower Haemorrphage Tagetone,Linalool Puspayurveda(24)

Wound

13. Holy Basil Flower Pain & Blood Eugenol Bhava Prakash Nighantoo (4.61)
Disorder

14. Sultan Champa Flower Lactation Dhanvantari Nighantoo (3.17)

S.N Fragrant Part used Uses Main Constituents Ayurvedic
Material Literature

15. Bilva Flower Thirst & Vomiting a -Phellandrene Kaiyadeo Nighantoo (1.23)
Citronellal, Citral
16. Bela Flower Aphrodisiac Benzyl Acetate, Bhavaprakash Nighantoo
Benzyl Alcohol (4.38) Raj Nighantoo (10.226)

17. Juhi Flower Skin Disease Bhavaprakash Nighantoo(4.27-

28)
Raj Nighantoo (10.253)
18. Clove Flower Aphrodisiac, Eugenol Bhavaprakash Nighantoo(3.42)
Mouth Freshener VishnudharmotarPurana

19. Vetiver Roots Skin Disease Vetiverol, Ayurvediyam Navnitkam

Vetoveryl Acetate
20. Eucalyptus Leaf Pain, Antiseptic 1, 8-Cineole Charak Samhita

21. Nagarmotha Rhizome Hair care Bi & Tricyclic BhaisajyaRatnavali

Sasquiterpene
Ketone
22. Rose Flower Skin Care Rhodinol, Geraniol, Arka Prakash
Aphrodisiac Phenyl Ethyl
Alcohol
 Conclusion

• Aromatherapy is in infancy.
• Holistic approach for R & D in Aromatherapy where
Scientist, Doctors & Industry need to work together.
• Leading to have new life style filled with fragrance for all.
Thank You