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    Topic 6 Notes

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    dimitrap2024
    Plants have two main organ systems - shoots and roots. Shoots are made up of stems, leaves, flowers and fruits while roots are made up of root hair cells and other cell types. Plants have three main tissue types - dermal, ground and vascular tissues. Dermal tissue forms the outer layer and is involved in gas exchange. Ground tissue provides structure and storage. Vascular tissue transports water and nutrients throughout the plant. Specialized cell and tissue types allow plants to grow, transport substances, and respond to stimuli like light, gravity and other environmental factors through processes like tropisms controlled by phytohormones like auxin and cytokinin.

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    Topic 6 Notes

    Uploaded by

    dimitrap2024
    34 views6 pages
    Plants have two main organ systems - shoots and roots. Shoots are made up of stems, leaves, flowers and fruits while roots are made up of root hair cells and other cell types. Plants have three main tissue types - dermal, ground and vascular tissues. Dermal tissue forms the outer layer and is involved in gas exchange. Ground tissue provides structure and storage. Vascular tissue transports water and nutrients throughout the plant. Specialized cell and tissue types allow plants to grow, transport substances, and respond to stimuli like light, gravity and other environmental factors through processes like tropisms controlled by phytohormones like auxin and cytokinin.

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    Biology notes

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    Plants have two main organ systems - shoots and roots. Shoots are made up of stems, leaves, flowers and fruits while roots are made up of root hair cells and other cell types. Plants have three main tissue types - dermal, ground and vascular tissues. Dermal tissue forms the outer layer and is involved in gas exchange. Ground tissue provides structure and storage. Vascular tissue transports water and nutrients throughout the plant. Specialized cell and tissue types allow plants to grow, transport substances, and respond to stimuli like light, gravity and other environmental factors through processes like tropisms controlled by phytohormones like auxin and cytokinin.

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    34 views6 pages

    Topic 6 Notes

    Uploaded by

    dimitrap2024
    Plants have two main organ systems - shoots and roots. Shoots are made up of stems, leaves, flowers and fruits while roots are made up of root hair cells and other cell types. Plants have three main tissue types - dermal, ground and vascular tissues. Dermal tissue forms the outer layer and is involved in gas exchange. Ground tissue provides structure and storage. Vascular tissue transports water and nutrients throughout the plant. Specialized cell and tissue types allow plants to grow, transport substances, and respond to stimuli like light, gravity and other environmental factors through processes like tropisms controlled by phytohormones like auxin and cytokinin.

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    Name: _____________________________

    BIOLOGY

    Topic 6: Plant Biology

    Plants are multicellular organisms. Like animals, plants have evolved a number of specialized
    organ systems, tissues and cells to help address various challenges…

    Organ System Adaptations


    Plants have two main organ systems:

    System What it’s made up of Main roles

    Shoots

    Roots

    Tissue Adaptations
    Sketch a diagram of a cross-section of a stem, labelling the location of the three main tissues:

    - SCIENCE 10H -
    Complete the following table summarizing the dermal, ground, and vascular tissues of plants:

    Tissue Type Functions

    DERMAL

    GROUND

    VASCULAR

    Dermal Tissue Specializations


    Recall that dermal tissue is the primary site of gas exchange. Explain the role of guard cells and
    stomata in this process.
    ______________________________________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________________________________

    Ground Tissue Specializations


    The ground tissue between the upper & lower epidermis of a leaf contains a specialized layer of
    cells called mesophyll. There are two different types of mesophyll; describe the appearance and
    main function of each:

    1) PALISADE MESOPHYLL

    2) SPONGY MESOPHYLL

    Sketch a diagram of a cross-section of a leaf in the space below. Label the upper & lower
    epidermis as well as the two main types of mesophyll.

    Vascular Tissue Specializations


    Complete the following table comparing xylem and phloem tissues:

    XYLEM PHLOEM

    What it transports

    Which direction substances


    are transported

    Sieve plates present?

    Outer cells living?

    Explain the role of cellulose & lignin in vascular tissue.


    ______________________________________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________________________________

    Outline the mechanisms by which water and glucose are transported through vascular tissues.

    Water Transport Glucose Transport

    Cellular Adaptations
    ● Plant cells must be able to grow and divide. This process of cell division is referred to as
    _________________________.

    ● Cell division occurs in specialized clusters of cells called ___________________________,


    which are typically located ______________________________________________________.

    Response to Stimuli
    Like animals, plants must be able to react to changing conditions in order to survive. Describe
    the following processes involved in the response of plants to different stimuli:

    1) POSITIVE TROPISM

    2) NEGATIVE TROPISM

    3) PHOTOTROPISM

    4) GRAVITROPISM

    Control of Tropisms
    Outline the role of the following types of phytohormones in controlling tropisms in plants:

    Phytohormone What it does

    Auxin

    Cytokinin

    Ethylene

    Linking Questions

    1. Explain the advantages of root hairs. (2)


    _________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________________________________________

    2. Outline two functions of the waxy cuticle that comprises the dermal tissue. (2)
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________________________________________

    3. Suggest what would happen to a plant if placed in an air-tight container. Justify your
    answer. (2)
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________________________________________________________________________

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