English HL P2 Feb-March 2015 Memo

NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P2
FEBRUARY/MARCH 2015
MEMORANDUM
MARKS: 80
This memorandum consists of 24 pages.
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English Home Language/P2 2 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2015
NSC – Memorandum
NOTE TO MARKERS
• This marking memorandum is intended as a guide for markers.

• The memorandum will be discussed with the marking panel before marking
commences at the marking centre.
• Candidates' responses must be considered on their merits.
MARKING GUIDELINES
1. Wherever a candidate has answered more than the required number of

questions, mark only the first answer/response. (The candidate may not
answer the essay and the contextual question on the same genre.)
2. If a candidate has answered all four questions in Section A, (prescribed poetry),
mark only the first two.
3. If a candidate has answered two contextual or two essay questions in Sections
B and C, mark the first one and ignore the second. If a candidate has
answered all four questions, mark only the first answer in each Section,
provided that one contextual and one essay have been answered.
4. If a candidate gives two answers, where the first one is wrong and the next
one is correct, mark the first answer and ignore the next.
5. If answers are incorrectly numbered, mark according to the memo.
6. If a spelling error affects the meaning, mark incorrect. If it does not affect the
meaning, mark correct.
7. Essay question
If the essay is shorter than the required word count, do not penalise because
the candidate has already penalised him/herself. If the essay is too long, assess
on merit and discuss with senior markers
8. Contextual questions
If the candidate does not use inverted commas when asked to quote, do not
penalise.
9. For open-ended questions, no marks should be awarded for YES/NO or
I AGREE/I DISAGREE. The reason/substantiation/motivation is what should be
considered.
10. No marks should be awarded for TRUE/FALSE or FACT/OPINION. The
reason/substantiation/motivation is what should be considered.

NSC – Memorandum
SECTION A: POETRY
QUESTION 1: PRESCRIBED POETRY – ESSAY
OLD FOLKS LAUGH – Maya Angelou
• Use the following points, among others, as a guide to marking this question.
Responses might differ, depending on the candidate's sensitivity to and
understanding of the poem.
• Refer to page 23 for the rubric to assess this question.
• The poem focuses on the poet's attitude toward the manner in which old folks
conduct themselves – with freedom and a lack of restraint.
• The colloquial use of 'old folks', 'jiggle', 'bellies' can suggest intimacy/affection/
endearment – the speaker views old folks as being comfortable in their skins.
• 'Hollers' reflects the use of informal American idiom. The effect is onomatopoeic,
suggesting the hearty noisiness of the elderly who have broken free of normal
social constraints.
• 'Spent' focuses on their having used up their available amount/their allotment of
'simpering'/behaving inauthentically. 'Simpering' can suggest a polite, silly, self-
conscious, insincere reaction. However, old folks no longer feel the need to fit into
the constraints of society. 'Holding their lips' refers to the self-control which younger
people feel they need to exercise in contrast to the spontaneous reactions of old
folks.
• 'Winding the lines' – perhaps, they used to frown at impropriety. The speaker
admires old folks who no longer feel the need to do so.
• Words and imagery like 'allow'/'jiggle like slow tambourines'/'rise up and spill over
any which way they want'/'they free the world' can suggest a lack of constraint. The
speaker approves of their spontaneity and lack of constraint. They are not
concerned with society's rules.
• 'Slyly knowing/the best and worst/of remembering' suggests they are aware of
many things but do not share their knowledge. They deliberately look as if they
know something others don't – there is an aspect of secrecy.
• 'Saliva glistens ... brittle necks' – the speaker does not romanticise old age and
admits that it is harsh/unattractive/that there is physical deterioration and there are
limitations.
• 'But/their laps/are filled with memories.' – this is the compensation for the
harshness of old age. 'Laps' conveys the comfort/security which old people offer.
The speaker suggests that old people treasure and nurture their memories.
• 'Promise/of dear, painless death' offers a release from the pain of life and old age. It
is a striking conclusion to present death as desirable as it stands in direct contrast
to the picture of jolly old folks in the earlier parts of the poem. Death is regarded as
a friend ('dear').
• 'Generously forgive life for happening to them' – The speaker suggests that old
folks have come to terms with hardships they have experienced and which were
beyond their control. They are not bitter or resentful.
• The tone can be read as variously critical, sardonic, ironic, and affectionate. [10]

NSC – Memorandum
QUESTION 2: PRESCRIBED POETRY – CONTEXTUAL
AN ABANDONED BUNDLE – Mbuyiseni Oswald Mtshali
2.1 The conditions in White City Jabavu are harsh/unpleasant/unsanitary/

unhygienic. There is an indication of festering disease/pain/suffering. (2)
2.2 The reader might be distressed/repelled/disgusted. The word intensifies/

reaffirms the horror of the situation because the reader becomes aware that
what is being attacked is still alive./The word dehumanises the baby. (2)
2.3 The word, 'bundle' has connotations of insignificance/unimportance/

something that is non-living. This is reinforced by the use of 'Its' in line 22,
where the baby is dehumanised and its life is regarded as worthless. The use
of 'corpse' emphasises the idea of something non-living and therefore
unimportant.
The word, 'dumped' conveys how little value is placed on human life. (3)
2.4 The impact of the image lies in the irony of the mother's being described as
innocent even though she has abandoned her baby. The images portray the
pristine innocence of the mother who is unshackled by her deed and is able to
move forward to start afresh. No one will be able to hold her responsible for
her past actions. The startling contrast between her action and her apparent
innocence challenges the reader to question who is responsible for the death
of the baby: the mother herself, societal and family pressures, her living
conditions, the political system?
[Award a maximum of two marks if the candidate does not include a critical
comment.] (3)
[10]

NSC – Memorandum
ON THE MOVE – Thom Gunn
3.1 The birds that represent nature are shown to act on instinct and their every
act has a purpose, whether this purpose is the need to survive, to build nests,
to search for food, etc. However, humans appear to lack purpose and
direction and feel the need to search for meaning and direction. (2)
3.2 The expression conveys masculinity and camaraderie. They derive their
identity and confidence from being part of a particular group ('the Boys').
There might also be a hint of immaturity. (2)
3.3 In appearance, the motorcyclists present a picture of strength and power

('robust'). Their 'goggles' and dust-covered jackets emphasise their
ruggedness/masculinity. However, the speaker suggests that this is just a
façade that is used to mask/disguise their insecurities ('They strap in doubt'). (3)
3.4 The final stanza focuses on the constant search for a sense of purpose. The
image is effective as it highlights the restlessness of the bikers/their lack of
destination. Time is personified as attempting to halt this constant movement
by holding the bikes, but the use of 'minute' shows that this attempt is
unsuccessful. One could see it as merely suggesting that their sense of
value/use of one place is minimal and so they move on.
comment.] (3)
[10]

NSC – Memorandum
LONDON –William Blake
4.1 A charter is a document that grants specific legal and business rights to the
individual. The word indicates that the city restricts the freedom of the people
as the city is owned by the wealthy minority/the city does not belong to the
people.
OR
The city has been carefully mapped out, reflecting human control over nature. (2)
4.2 The words, 'cry' and 'sigh' suggest the helplessness/vulnerability/suffering of

the poor who are ignored by those who are in authority (Church and State) –
the very institutions that should protect the poor. The words convey the
corruption of the time. They highlight the fact that the poor are exploited by
the authorities. The onomatopoeic effects emphasise the extent of their
suffering.
[Mark globally.] (2)
4.3 The repetition of 'every' emphasises the extent of the suffering experienced
by all the common people/the dispossessed – no one is exempt. The tone
throughout the poem is indignant/bitter/adamant/insistent/outraged and
reinforces the sense of the overwhelming suffering experienced by the poor. It
is clear that there is no escaping the misery of poverty and oppression. (3)
4.4 Marriage should be associated with love, hope, renewal, etc. However, social
injustice gives rise to the spreading of STDs from prostitutes to husbands
who, in turn, infect their wives. The spreading of these dreadful diseases is
not only a literal effect of class oppression, but a metaphor for the generally
corrupting effects of an unjust system.
The oxymoron in 'marriage hearse' implies that something which is sacred

and supposed to promote life is now associated with death and festering
disease.
The horror of the fatal diseases, which are widely destructive, is conveyed by
the words, 'blights with plagues'.
comment.] (3)
[10]

NSC – Memorandum
QUESTION 5: UNSEEN POETRY – CONTEXTUAL
THE LONELINESS BEYOND – Sipho Sepamla
5.1 The word, 'pattering' suggests individuals arriving at random. It also conveys
the haste with which they are moving. This gradual arrival of people
culminates in a 'torrent' which implies a rush/an overwhelming number of
people. (2)
5.2 The masses are so emotionally pulverised by their circumstances that they
are too tired to disguise their true feelings. Their raw emotions are evident.
The words suggest a lack of individuality because the people experience the
same sense of hopelessness/exhaustion/despair. (2)
5.3 It is ironic that, even though many people are crowded together, the speaker
sees their loneliness. This suggests that being part of a crowd does not bring
comfort/is not reassuring/does not guarantee an escape from loneliness.
Even in the midst of a crowd, people still experience a sense of separation/
alienation and aloneness since they are surrounded by strangers. (3)
5.4 The mood is oppressive/bleak/lonely/despairing. People retreat into 'holes'

like animals seeking security/comfort. Their places of rest are dark and
gloomy; hence there is no promise of revival. They only 'rest' in their 'holes',
therefore their homes give only temporary respite from what is the main focus
of their lives: work. Describing their homes as 'little holes' intensifies the
claustrophobic aspect of the mood. Their isolation and vulnerability are
emphasised. The image successfully reinforces the bleak mood of the poem.
[Award full marks only if the candidate includes critical evaluation.] (3)
[10]
TOTAL SECTION A: 30

NSC – Memorandum
SECTION B: NOVEL
QUESTION 6: ANIMAL FARM – ESSAY
• Here is the basis for answering this essay. Use the following as a guideline only.
However, also allow for answers that are different, original and show evidence of
critical thought and interpretation.
To a greater or lesser degree, all characters in the novel reflect common human
failings. Candidates might choose to discuss some or all of the following points. They
might also choose to agree and/or disagree with the validity of the statement.
• Napoleon is portrayed as opportunistic and with a strong desire for power. He is
self-serving and unwilling to share power with Snowball.
• He uses his intelligence to manipulate and coerce the other animals into
submission and compliance with his will by means of lies, intimidation and violence.
• He and the other pigs contribute little to the success of the farm; they do not labour
or produce their own food but take advantage of the labour of the others to provide
themselves with more than they deserve.
• Even the apparently principled Snowball allows greed to override the ideals of
equality and fairness when he remains silent on the issue of the milk and apples.
• The pigs move into the farmhouse, surrounding themselves with human luxuries
and comforts, knowing that these actions betray the principles of Animalism. In
order to satisfy their desire for comfort, they choose to have contact with humans.
• Squealer's use of propaganda and manipulation of the truth undermine the moral
principles of honesty and integrity.
• The compromising of the Seven Commandments is indicative of the pigs' lack of
integrity and their pursuit of their own selfish desires.
• Most of the other animals, like Boxer, Muriel and Clover, are happy for the pigs to
take control, believing that they are all working toward a common vision, and that
the pigs have everyone's best interests at heart. Their lack of intelligence/ignorance
and passivity are exploited by the pigs to subjugate the other animals.
• The sheep, which follow blindly, are another example of the dangers of
unquestioning acceptance and naivety. They allow themselves to be used as tools
of the oppressors.
• Although the animals sometimes express doubt/uncertainty about changes to the
original ideas/Commandments, they are easily persuaded by the pigs that nothing
untoward is happening. This is evidence of their gullibility.
• Benjamin's sense of self-preservation and his cynicism prevent him from raising the
alarm.
• Mollie's vanity and desire for comfort and luxury see her make the choice to align
herself with the oppressors.
[Credit valid alternative responses.] [25]

NSC – Memorandum
QUESTION 7: ANIMAL FARM – CONTEXTUAL
7.1 Mollie represents materialistic humans. She runs away because she desires
attention. She enjoys selfish pleasures at the expense of the collective ideals.
She is individualistic and her vanity causes her to betray her comrades. She
chooses comfort over hard work and hardship, preferring to be surrounded by
life's little luxuries. She is not prepared to make sacrifices but would rather
have instant gratification.
[Award 3 marks for any three points.] (3)
7.2 The harsh weather anticipates the terrible living conditions that the animals
will have to endure under Napoleon's leadership. They will suffer hunger,
longer working hours and tyranny. The ideals of Animalism will be eroded. (3)
7.3 The reader may view Napoleon as an opportunist who makes no significant
contribution of his own. He is seen as a character that thinks only of securing
power for himself, maintaining his position as leader through underhanded
methods (manipulation, lies, intimidation and violence). He is perceived as
using his intelligence to enforce respect and to gain the confidence and
support of the other animals. The reader might view Napoleon as
uncooperative, to the detriment of the collective.
[Credit valid alternative responses.] (3)
7.4 The sheep are encouraged to disrupt meetings by interrupting Snowball's

speeches, allowing no opportunity for debate or challenging of decisions. By
vigorously supporting Napoleon, they encourage tyranny/dictatorship. Their
uncritical naivety and misguided loyalty allow them to become tools of
oppression, thus undermining the concept of equality. As part of Squealer's
propaganda machine, they enforce the re-education of the animals by
broadcasting the adjusted maxims. (3)
7.5 The original reason for the Commandments is to ensure equality/justice/

fairness on Animal Farm. The Commandments are changed by the pigs: the
Commandments would contradict the increasing tyranny as the pigs gradually
abuse their power in order to gain more privileges. (3)
7.6 Squealer is engaged in changing one of the Commandments. This is

consistent with his role in consciously misleading the other animals and
manipulating situations to suit the pigs. He is used by the pigs to persuade the
other animals to accept Napoleon's leadership. (3)
7.7 The animals don't suspect the pigs of any wrongdoing, but blame themselves,
believing they have faulty memories. These details suggest how manipulated
the animals are. They are complicit in their own exploitation and oppression
because of their ignorance.
[Credit responses that make reference to irony.] (3)

NSC – Memorandum
7.8 Yes. By keeping silent, good men condone corrupt behaviour, allowing those
in power to take advantage of the masses. Some of the animals have a feeling
of unease about events on the farm but are unable to verbalise their concerns.
Benjamin, in particular, is aware of the pigs' manipulations of the ideals of
Animalism and of the danger which this poses for the animals; however, he
chooses to remain silent. He represents those who understand the menace
presented by powerful evil forces, but remain passive. Benjamin fails to
enlighten the other animals, thus allowing the pigs to get away with their
corruption.
OR
No. It is not that the animals deliberately condone the pigs' behaviour; it is that
their ignorance is exploited, allowing them to be easily manipulated into
believing what they are told. They do not know how to express their disquiet
about the situation, hence their passivity. Even were Benjamin to have spoken
up, it would not have sufficed to counter the authority of the pigs.
[Award full marks only if reference is made to Benjamin.]
[Credit valid alternative responses.] (4)

[25]

NSC – Memorandum
QUESTION 8: PRIDE AND PREJUDICE – ESSAY
• The family's social position is critically important in the culture/society Austen

examines. It determines the expected level of social decorum and propriety.
A person's value is judged by the standards set by the community and the extent to
which that person is respected by his/her friends and neighbours. Ironically, the
hypocrisy of society is exposed by its relish for gossip. People have no qualms
about invading other people's privacy.
• Lady Catherine disapproves of social mobility. She is the guardian of upper class
propriety. However, she indulges in gossip and invades Elizabeth's privacy by
confronting her about her suitability for Darcy. Her frankness is offensive. She is
interfering and uses her position to intimidate people.
• The Bingley sisters, while having a façade of politeness, are malicious and readily
engage in gossip. They do not consider the Bennet family to be equals; hence their
determination to prevent the union between Jane and Mr Bingley.
• Mr Collins is excessively concerned with conforming to society's expectations and
acceding to Lady Catherine's instructions in order to prove himself worthy of her
patronage. As a clergyman, he is expected to embody empathy and forgiveness;
yet he demonstrates his cruelty and spitefulness when Lydia elopes.
• Mrs Bennet is aware of social etiquette. However, her weak understanding and her
being driven by emotional rather than rational needs cause her to be inconsistent
and to apply rules of propriety in a personally convenient manner. She indulges in
gossip and thrives on the invasion of privacy. Her lack of decorum leads to the
embarrassment of not only her family, but also others in her social milieu.
• Wickham uses social decorum to further his ambitions; yet he is a malicious gossip
and the worst hypocrite in the novel.
• Lydia has no concept of decorum. She lacks the conscious nastiness of Wickham.
She flaunts her married status, having no concern for how her actions might affect
others.
• Mrs Gardiner is authentically genteel as opposed to the arrogant prescriptions of
Lady Catherine and the Bingley sisters. She is willing to discuss others, yet not in a
malignant way. She has constructive intentions.
• Darcy, Jane and Bingley, while upholding all the proprieties, do not gossip.
• Elizabeth initially uncritically believes Wickham's gossip about Darcy. She
participates in gossipy discourse. However, she later becomes self-aware and
regrets her attitude and behaviour. [25]

NSC – Memorandum
QUESTION 9: PRIDE AND PREJUDICE – CONTEXTUAL
9.1 Mr Collins's first marriage proposal to Elizabeth is rejected. He is now on his

way to propose to Charlotte and is nervous about the possibility of being
turned down, because he would be embarrassed to have a marriage proposal
rejected a second time in the course of a few days. His stealthy movements
result from his fear of humiliation. (3)
9.2 She sees him as the means to a home of her own. A woman in her situation
will accept any marriage proposal that would see her future secured. She is
afraid of being a burden on her parents. There are not many eligible suitors
and, because of social pressure, she needs to marry. (3)
9.3 Mrs Bennet is in constant competition with Lady Lucas to ensure the marriage
of their daughters; therefore she would be devastated at the thought that Lady
Lucas will secure an eligible son-in-law before she does. It would irk her that
her daughter has had the opportunity to marry Mr Collins but has turned him
down. Her unforgiving nature will make it impossible for her to accept the
news graciously, because it is typical of her not to be happy for others,
especially if she feels that she should be the recipient of that joy. (3)
9.4 He loves an audience and the sound of his own voice. He is fond of making
long and silly speeches and uttering formalities which have absolutely no
meaning. For Mr Collins, speech is not a means to communicate truth; he
says what he assumes people want to hear or what will make people think
well of him. The reader may feel that Collins is obsessed with self-importance,
is vain and pompous/pretentious as a consequence of his relationship with
Lady Catherine and his position as a clergyman. (3)
9.5 Elizabeth is appreciative of Darcy's intervention in the Lydia-Wickham affair.

He has effectively saved her family from great embarrassment by securing
the marriage of Wickham to Lydia. Darcy would prefer her appreciation of him
to be based on affection rather than gratitude. (3)
9.6 It is ironic that Darcy should now speak of respect when he has previously
treated the family with disdain. However, he is so in love with Elizabeth that
he is possibly prepared to overlook his former prejudices, or he is simply
trying to woo her. His opinion of them has probably not changed; he might
simply be trying to keep Elizabeth happy. (3)
9.7 This development is evident in Elizabeth's willingness to admit that her initial
perception of Darcy's and Wickham's characters has been incorrect. At first
she sees Darcy for the snob he is. She believes Wickham's account of the
role Darcy has allegedly played in maligning him. However, she soon realises
that she is wrong. Elizabeth admits she has judged Darcy too hastily. She now
appreciates the role that Darcy has played in saving Lydia and her family from
disgrace. After her conversation with Darcy's housekeeper, Elizabeth admits
that she has been wrong in castigating Darcy based on hearsay. (3)

NSC – Memorandum
9.8 Valid. The reader might perceive Darcy as a snob. While pride and disdain are
certainly characteristic of Darcy, they do not fully describe him. His aloofness
is also attributable to reserve and shyness. There is now a strong element of
romance and the novel focuses on two people on the verge of marriage. Prior
to this, the novel can be viewed as focusing on issues such as society,
marriage and the morality of behaviour, but not on romance. As a
consequence of all the misunderstandings, there has been an atmosphere of
tension. The atmosphere now becomes romantic and light-hearted.
OR
Invalid. Candidates might argue that Darcy's actions have nothing to do with
the atmosphere and focus of the novel because some readers feel from the
outset that this is going to be a typical love story. Darcy's declaration is
perhaps based on an inability to deal with rejection, hence this second
proposal. He has probably realised that Elizabeth's attitude towards him is no
longer hostile.
[Credit valid alternative responses.]
[Credit valid mixed responses.] (4)

[25]

NSC – Memorandum
QUESTION 10: THE GREAT GATSBY – ESSAY
1920s America is regarded as a period of extravagance, lavish overspending, moral

corruption and general disregard for the law. The Great Gatsby illustrates this period of
moral decay.
• 1920s America is a permissive society: illicit affairs, bootlegging, match-fixing,
bribery, other criminal activities and excessive partying.
• Gatsby's dedication to his dream is corrupted by his criminal activities. His story is
illustrative of the idea that in order to achieve success, one has to compromise
one's morality.
• Wolfshiem is a powerful underworld figure who is responsible for fixing the World
Series. This kind of criminal activity compromises the wholesomeness of sport and
shows the extent to which criminal behaviour has pervaded every element of
American society.
• Dan Cody, a morally dubious and ultimately degenerate character, is Gatsby's
initial mentor. Wolfshiem is a corrupting influence on Gatsby. He boasts: 'I made
him.'
• People who belong to the upper class are also guilty of questionable behaviour.
Nick embarks on a relationship with Jordan although he is aware of her dishonesty
and self-centredness. Jordan is a cheat, determined to win at all costs. Tom, a
representative of the privileged class, is immoral and hypocritical.
• Moral decadence is evident in relationships and casual flings. Daisy chooses Tom
over Gatsby because of his wealth and status. She enjoys the thrill of the affair with
Gatsby, but is ultimately unable to commit to him. She allows Gatsby to accept the
blame for Myrtle's death.
• Myrtle is representative of members of the underclass who are self-seeking,
superficial and greedy. Myrtle, like Gatsby, comes from humble beginnings and
yearns for a better life. She sees marriage to George, at first, and then an affair with
Tom, as ways of achieving her ambitions.
• In 1920s society, there is widespread hypocritical acceptance of adultery. People
like Jordan and Nick enable adulterous behaviour.
• Traditional moral values are compromised by the love of gossip and careless
behaviour towards others, as illustrated by Tom, Daisy, Jordan, and Gatsby's party
guests.
• Racial, social and gender prejudice, as illustrated by the attitudes of characters like
Tom, Nick and Myrtle, are aspects of moral decay.
• Despite the overwhelming immorality, there are characters who display some signs
of decency, like Nick and even George, and, to a lesser extent, Wolfshiem, when
he shows some respect on receiving the news of Gatsby's death.
• By the end of the novel, Nick has rejected the Buchanans, Jordan and their
carelessness. His decision to return to the Mid-West reveals his desire for the world
to be 'at a sort of moral attention forever'.
• The evils of Europe (social inequality, exploitation) are not left behind but are
transplanted. The valley of ashes represents class oppression.
[Credit alternative and mixed responses.] [25]

NSC – Memorandum
QUESTION 11: THE GREAT GATSBY – CONTEXTUAL
11.1 Gatsby wants to use Nick as a go-between to facilitate his reunion with Daisy.
He has deliberately chosen Nick as he is Daisy's cousin and his house is next
to Gatsby's. If Daisy were to visit Nick, she would see Gatsby's house. It is
important that Nick approve of Gatsby in order for the latter's dream to be
realised. (3)
11.2 The accusations create the impression of mystery surrounding Gatsby. His
unknown background, his enormous wealth and the fact that he never attends
his own parties, have generated all the 'bizarre accusations'. In the hope that
Daisy will hear about him and attend his parties, Gatsby does not discourage
the rumours. The rumours possibly result in part from the superficial gossipy
behaviour of the shallow thrill-seekers. (3)
11.3 In this extract, Nick is being sarcastic and sceptical. Gatsby's words and
gesture attempt to indicate his honesty and sincerity. However, Nick mocks
Gatsby's fervent tone. Nick's comment about Gatsby's right hand makes a
mockery of the impression of honesty that Gatsby wishes to portray.
Ultimately, Nick comes to admire and respect Gatsby. Nick's final comment to
Gatsby is: 'You're worth the whole damn bunch put together.' (3)
11.4 Nick is kept awake by the incessant 'groaning' of the foghorn, which is a
sound associated with pain and suffering. Nick has 'savage, frightening
dreams'. All of these details create an ominous/depressing mood which
foreshadows the tragic death of Gatsby later that day. (3)
11.5.1 Gatsby waits outside Daisy's house because of his unwavering devotion to
her. He wants to ensure that Daisy is safe from Tom. The irony is that his vigil
is totally unnecessary. Daisy has reconciled with Tom and at that moment
they are making plans to leave together. (3)
11.5.2 By closing the window, Daisy reveals her shallow, uncaring nature. She knows
that Gatsby is waiting outside and she deliberately shuts him out of her life.
Daisy is fickle, selfish and self-centred and closes ranks with Tom when it suits
her. Whenever Daisy is confronted with a problem, she prefers running away
rather than facing the situation and the consequences. (3)
11.6 The enormous size of the house symbolises the excess and ostentation of the
rich. The house, situated across the bay from Daisy's house, is a symbol of
Gatsby's wealth and his need to prove his worth to Daisy. It represents his
desire for social acceptability and he buys it in the hope of attracting her. It
also represents his perseverance and determination to succeed – he acquires
the house within three years.
The house is a reproduction of a European mansion, which is one of the

details suggesting that Europe has not really been escaped but merely
transplanted with modifications. Gatsby is trying to create an 'aristocratic' past
for himself.
Candidates may refer to the original owner of the house and the parallels with
Gatsby. The original owner (a brewer) wanted to emulate the feudal system of
old Europe. His dream, like Gatsby's, is short-lived. (3)

NSC – Memorandum
11.7 Valid. Gatsby desires the American Dream. Daisy is the incarnation of his
dream. Gatsby has gone to great lengths to gain social acceptance and
wealth to realise his dream of being with Daisy. He perseveres despite the
odds. He firmly believes that one can change the past. Even when faced with
the harsh reality of the failure of his dream, Gatsby still holds fast to it. Gatsby,
alone, stands out in his pursuit of his ideal that demonstrates his capacity for
hope. This sets him apart from most of the characters, who indulge in the
meaningless pursuit of fame, pleasure and money. They embody the
corruption of the American Dream. They drift aimlessly, without a sense of
purpose.
[A cogent 'invalid' response is unlikely. However, treat all responses on their

merits.] (4)
[25]
TOTAL SECTION B: 25

NSC – Memorandum
SECTION C: DRAMA
QUESTION 12: OTHELLO – ESSAY
Candidates are expected to discuss all of the female characters; however, in their
responses they might choose to agree and/or disagree with the validity of the
statement. Candidates might choose to discuss some or all of the following points:
• In the Venice of the play, a male-dominated society thrives. Although Desdemona,
Emilia and Bianca are very different from one another, they are all victims to some
extent of male oppression.
• To some men, women are possessions and described in sexist and derogatory
terms. Roderigo's and Iago's ribald descriptions bear testimony to this.
• When Desdemona speaks to her father about her 'obedience' and her 'divided
duty', it becomes apparent that men expect women to be dutiful and submissive.
• Desdemona is assertive and at times audacious, refusing to be oppressed by men.
She speaks her mind to her father and the Senate and insists on accompanying
Othello to Cyprus. She is a strong-willed, courageous woman who is prepared to
defy the stereotypical attitudes of her time. Initially, Othello regards Desdemona as
an equal and she demands to be treated equally.
• Later, however, Desdemona fails to speak for herself with clarity and authority
when Othello verbally and physically abuses her. By defending his actions, she
becomes a submissive and obedient wife. Ultimately, she is a victim of Othello's
overpowering strength and oppressive jealousy.
• Emilia is verbally abused by Iago and initially she obeys him without question.
However, Emilia is not simply passive. She is a realist who later displays great
courage and defies her victimhood and her duties as a wife when she refuses to
obey Iago. She is prepared to denounce him even though she realises she might
die in doing so.
• Because of her lower position in society, Bianca is treated with disdain by Michael
Cassio, whom she loves, because he does not regard her as a woman deserving of
respect. In doing so, Cassio is guilty of a form of oppression. He uses her sexually
and laughs at her behind her back. She is an exploited plaything. She becomes an
easy target when Iago tries to implicate her in Cassio's attempted murder.
• Female suffering in Othello is caused by the oppression of men. Othello feels
justified in killing Desdemona because of her supposed infidelity. Iago kills Emilia to
silence her. Despite her defiance, she is still a victim.
• Not all men are guilty of the subjugation of women. Lodovico is horrified when
Othello strikes Desdemona and Gratiano is outraged when Iago draws his sword on
Emilia. [25]

NSC – Memorandum
QUESTION 13: OTHELLO – CONTEXTUAL
13.1 Iago uses the friendship (the web) between Cassio and Desdemona to make
it appear that they are having an affair. Othello's seeing Cassio and
Desdemona together, combined with Iago's innuendo ('Ha! I like not that'; 'I
cannot think it/That he would sneak away so guilty-like,/Seeing you coming'),
will arouse Othello's suspicions. It is from this point that these suspicions and
doubts start to trouble Othello. (3)
13.2 Iago has already made Othello uneasy about the relationship between Cassio
and Desdemona by referring to Cassio's 'sneak[ing] away so guilty-like'.
Othello is bothered by her request. Furthermore, he has matters of state to
which he needs to attend. He would offend the islanders were he seen to be
lenient with Cassio. (3)
13.3 Cassio's concern for his reputation, together with his shame/humiliation/
discomfort/failure of self-confidence and guilt that he has let down his friend
and General, result in his being unable to face Othello. Iago also ensures that
they are kept apart. Thus he can manipulate the situation and further his
plans. Because Cassio leaves at that point, Iago uses the opportunity to
insinuate that Cassio is guilty of something.
13.4 By showing her support for and empathy with Cassio, Desdemona contributes
to her fate and fuels Othello's suspicions. Her persistence in pursuing Cassio's
case will also give Othello the impression that she is pleading on her lover's
behalf. Had Desdemona not had such a strong sense of justice or intervened
in a case in which she is not involved, she might have survived. Desdemona
innocently refers to Cassio as a 'suitor'. She means that he is someone
requesting a favour, but to Othello the word might have romantic connotations
and aggravate his jealousy. Othello will construe her words, 'If I have any
grace or power to move you', as Desdemona's using her feminine wiles on
him to reinstate her lover.
13.5 The repetition reflects how traumatised Othello is. He is filled with anguish and
despair, and has the need to convince himself of the justice of his actions. The
repeated words convey the conflict between his love for Desdemona and his
horror at the thought of her alleged affair. (3)
13.6 Othello has been a soldier for most of his life and thinks in military terms. He
has a simplistic attitude toward dealing with an enemy. He rationalises his
intended murder by seeing himself as an instrument of justice: he is protecting
others, which is something a soldier does. Desdemona is perceived to be a
threat: 'Yet she must die, else she'll betray more men.' In war, an enemy
would be destroyed; therefore Othello feels justified in killing her.
[Accept valid alternative responses.] (3)

NSC – Memorandum
13.7 Othello's voice might break, and be hesitant and soft since there is a dreadful
conflict between his love for Desdemona and his conviction that she deserves
to die. However, Othello might also deliver the lines in a hurried manner to
convey his desperation to get the deed done quickly. His tone might be
despairing/filled with anguish/anxiety. His body language would reflect his
tone.
The actor might look at the candle and then turn towards Desdemona. This
creates a link between the actor's literal snuffing out of the candle and the
imminent ending of Desdemona's life.
[Accept valid alternative responses.]
[To earn full marks, the candidate must provide motivation.] (3)
13.8 Candidates might/might not agree that Othello can be held responsible. Award
marks based on the quality of the argument presented by the candidate.
Evaluate alternative responses on merit/cogency. Candidates might include
the following points:
No.
• Othello is a victim of Iago's manipulation.
• He is insecure as he is an outsider, is older than Desdemona, lacks
sophistication, is aware of the current of racism in his society and is
ignorant of the behaviour of Venetian women.
• It is the first time he has been in love and he is inexperienced in the ways
of courtship. His love for Desdemona is idealistic; therefore her perceived
betrayal is devastating to him.
• He rationalises murder by saying he is dispensing justice. In this way, he
absolves himself of culpability.
• Desdemona's refusal to admit to the loss of the handkerchief, as well as
her persistence in pleading Cassio's case, contributes to Othello's
actions.
Yes.
• He has believed Iago too easily, despite the fact that none of his
suspicions has been confirmed.
• He becomes increasingly irrational and doesn't question the supposed
evidence presented to him.
• Using the excuse of dispensing justice does not absolve him or justify his
actions.
[Accept mixed responses.] (4)

[25]

NSC – Memorandum
QUESTION 14: THE CRUCIBLE – ESSAY
• Salem society is theocratic and controlled by men. Because of their

circumstances, the young girls gain a measure of fleeting authority. However, at
the same time, they are the victims of men and other women. Their desire for
revenge and power over both men and women in Salem increases the orgy of
accusations of witchcraft.
• The girls dance naked in the woods because of a desire to escape from the
restrictions of an oppressive male-dominated society.
• They rebel against the conformity imposed on Salem society, in which
individuality is inhibited under the theocracy.
• The fact that the girls are orphans/unmarried reinforces their lowly status in Salem
and their eventual desire to hold on to and increase their new-found power.
• The threat of being whipped/accused of witchcraft encourages them to turn on
Salem society so as to divert blame.
• The first people to be accused by the girls are women.
• Tituba is Parris's slave and she becomes a victim of the girls' manipulations.
• Abigail has tasted power over a man during her affair with Proctor. Proctor's
dismissive attitude towards her feelings, his insistence that the affair never
occurred and the threat to whip her fuel her desire for revenge on Elizabeth.
• Proctor tries to control Abigail and Mary Warren by threatening them with a
whipping.
• The girls' rapid rise to power sees them wielding authority over the once-powerful
men, like Danforth and Hathorne.
• The girls are able to manipulate situations and twist people's words against them.
They rule with fear and intimidation. They abuse their identity as women and are
therefore regarded as weak and innocent. They are in a position to be vindictive.
• The girls, especially Mary Warren, become victims of Abigail's power – they all
fear her as she has threatened them and they follow her lead in everything.
• The reference to women as 'Goody' ('Good Wife') clearly conveys their status and
role in their society.
• Elizabeth is a meek wife who has been taught to accept the authority of men.
However, after the ending of the affair, Proctor becomes her victim as she
continues to punish him by refusing to forgive him.
• Elizabeth becomes the controlling force in the marriage as Proctor looks to her for
guidance regarding the signing of the confession.
• At the end of the play, Elizabeth is no longer completely under the control of men
as she refuses to agree to Danforth's pleas to persuade Proctor to confess to
witchcraft.
• Rebecca Nurse is both a victim (of Mrs Putnam's desire for revenge) and a
dominant figure. By sticking to her principles, she achieves a moral triumph over
the girls and the court. In death, she is victorious over Mrs Putnam and over
Danforth and Hale who try to coax her into a false confession. Proctor is filled with
shame and he decides to follow the example which she has set. [25]
NSC – Memorandum
QUESTION 15: THE CRUCIBLE – CONTEXTUAL
15.1 People have gathered at the house to witness Betty's apparent bewitchment.
Abigail needs to get to Betty in a hurry since she is concerned that Betty will
say something incriminating in the presence of Proctor. She needs to be close
to Betty to quieten her and keep control over her. (3)
15.2 Proctor says, 'We never touched, Abby.' Proctor pretends that there has been
no affair and that he has an unblemished reputation; however, he has just
sworn that he will never touch Abigail again. He is a hypocrite: the people of
Salem respect him as an honest/moral man, while he is actually an adulterer.
He is not the only hypocrite in Salem. People like Parris (greed for material
possessions), the girls (desire for power and status), and the Putnams (greed
for land) all pretend to be something they are not. Many people in Salem have
ulterior motives. (3)
15.3 While Proctor is shocked by Betty's appearance, Mrs Putnam is excited.

Proctor is 'unnerved' – he is disturbed by Betty's appearance. He has
previously dismissed the rumours as mischief. Betty's appearance appears to
add credibility to the rumours of witchcraft. Mrs Putnam has worked herself
into a frenzy. She is eager/desperate to see evidence of witchcraft since she
wants to connect with her dead babies. If Betty is bewitched, there is a real
chance that her plan for her daughter, Ruth, to make contact with her dead
babies has worked. Mrs Putnam is keen to interpret Betty's plight as validation
of the girls' ability to commune with spirits. (3)
15.4 Proctor displays confidence in the justice of the court. He assumes the court
will believe that Abigail is a fraud since he has exposed her as an adulteress,
liar and manipulator. He thinks all the trouble in Salem will end. Since she is
the instigator of the witch-hunt, he believes her exposure will ensure an end to
the madness, and the release of those who have been condemned. (3)
15.5 It is ironic because Parris initially wants Hale to disprove the presence of
witchcraft. However, after realising the involvement of Betty and Abigail in the
proceedings, he encourages and supports the accusations and the trials in
order to divert attention from himself and his family. He constantly tries to
remind the court of everyone's guilt and of the supposed validity of the girls'
accusations. He objects to Danforth's agreeing to allow time to listen to a
counter-argument or defence. It is ironic that, as a minister, he ought to be the
embodiment of truth and justice, yet he encourages and condones false
accusations and does his utmost to cast aspersions and suspicion on
innocent people. He will do anything to prevent the truth from being exposed. (3)

NSC – Memorandum
15.6 The director would instruct the actress to sound indignant and defiant/pretend
to be shocked/outraged. She might put her hands on her hips, throw her
hands in the air/point at the others/at herself/bang on the table/make a fist,
etc., to show that she is livid. If she is more coolly threatening, her expression
and voice will be cold. She would look Danforth straight in the eyes and might
put her hands on her hips, fold her arms, or put her hand on her chest.
Whenever Abigail is thwarted or disbelieved, she becomes defiant. She has

learnt how to manipulate people into believing her and not doubting or
questioning her words, by sounding assertive. She has learnt that instilling
fear in people will make them back down.
[Credit valid alternative responses.]
[To earn full marks, the candidate must provide motivation.] (3)
15.7 The use of the word, 'swamp' conveys Danforth's disgust at the latest
revelations. It suggests moral corruption. The word also conveys his
uncertainty and lack of clarity. He once regarded this as a clear-cut case, but
is now uncertain about events and whom to believe. His view of the situation
has become clouded/murky. (3)
15.8 Candidates might/might not agree that Proctor is responsible for his own
death. Award marks based on the quality of the argument presented by the
candidate. Candidates may include the following points:
Yes.
• Proctor could have taken the easy way out and confessed to witchcraft.
However, he has chosen to die since his 'name' means everything to him.
He is prepared to sacrifice his life and honour for the sake of integrity. He
also is concerned about the legacy he will leave his family since he wants
them to be proud of their family name. Because he is aware of the
injustices of the trials, he will not be swayed by Danforth's entreaty to
confess. He decides to sacrifice his life to ensure that Rebecca's and Giles
Corey's honourable deaths are not negated.
No.
• Proctor feels helpless. His decision is influenced by the honourable
example set by Rebecca and Giles, among others. His death is the result
of the hysteria of the time and the irrationality of the circumstances in which
he finds himself. He feels that the control the girls have over the court
allows him no option but to accept his fate, since there is no way of proving
his innocence of an 'invisible crime' (witchcraft).
[Credit a mixed response.] (4)

[25]
TOTAL SECTION C: 25
GRAND TOTAL: 80

NSC – Memorandum
SECTION A: Assessment rubric for literary essay: Poetry (10 marks)
Criteria Exceptional Skilful Moderate Elementary Inadequate

8–10 6–7 4–5 2–3 0–1
CONTENT - In- depth interpretation- Shows understanding - Fair interpretation of - Unsatisfactory - No understanding
of topic and has interpreted topic interpretation of topic. of the topic
Interpretation of topic. - Range of striking topic well. - Some good points in - Hardly any points in - No reference to the
Depth of argument, arguments; extensively - Fairly detailed support of topic support of topic. poem
justification and grasp of supported from poem response - Some arguments - Inadequate - Learner has not
text. - Excellent -Sound arguments supported, but evidence understanding of genre come to grips with
understanding of genre given, but not all of is not always convincing. and poem. genre and poem.
7 MARKS and poem them as well motivated - Basic understanding of
as they could be. genre and poem
- Understanding of
genre and poem.
STRUCTURE AND - Coherent structure -Clear structure and - Some evidence of - Structure shows faulty - Poorly structured
LANGUAGE - Arguments well- logical flow of argument structure planning - Serious language
structured and clearly - Flow of argument can - Essay lacks a well- - Arguments not errors and incorrect
Structure, logical flow and developed. be followed structured flow of logic logically arranged style
presentation. Language, -Language, tone and - Language, tone & style and coherence. - Language errors
tone and style used in the style mature, impressive, largely correct - Language errors minor; evident
essay correct tone and style mostly - Inappropriate tone &
- Virtually error-free appropriate style
3 MARKS grammar, spelling and
punctuation
MARK RANGE 8–10 6–7 4–5 2–3 0–1

NSC – Memorandum
SECTION B AND C: Assessment rubric for literary essay – Novel and Drama: 25 Marks
Criteria Exceptional Skilful Moderate Elementary Inadequate
CONTENT 12–15 9–11 6–8 4–5 0–3

- Outstanding response: - Shows - Mediocre interpretation - Scant interpretation - Very little
Interpretation of topic. 14-15 understanding and of topic; not all aspects of topic; hardly any understanding
Depth of argument, Excellent response: 12-13 has interpreted topic explored in detail aspects explored in of the topic
justification and grasp - In-depth interpretation of well. - Some good points in detail - Weak attempt to
of text. topic; - Fairly detailed support of topic - Few points in support answer
- Range of striking arguments response - Some arguments of topic the question.
15 MARKS extensively supported from - Some sound supported, but evidence - Very little relevant - Arguments not
text. arguments given, but is not always argument convincing
- Excellent understanding of not all of them as well convincing. - Little understanding - Learner has not come
genre and text. motivated as they - Partial understanding of genre and text to grips with genre or
could be. of genre and text. text.
- Understanding of
genre and text
evident.
STRUCTURE AND 8-10 6-7 4-5 2-3 0-1
LANGUAGE - Coherent structure - Clear structure & - Some evidence of - Structure shows - Lack of planned
- Excellent introduction and logical flow of structure faulty planning. structure impedes flow
Structure, logical flow conclusion argument - Logic and coherence - Arguments not of argument.
and presentation. - Arguments well-structured - Introduction & apparent, but flawed logically arranged. - Language errors and
Language, tone and and clearly developed conclusion & other - Some language errors; - Language errors incorrect style make
style used in the essay - Language, tone and style paragraphs coherently tone & style mostly evident. this an unsuccessful
mature, impressive, correct organised appropriate - Inappropriate tone & piece of writing.
10 MARKS - Logical flow of - Paragraphing mostly style - Inappropriate tone &
argument correct - Paragraphing faulty style
- Language, tone & - Paragraphing faulty
style largely correct
MARK RANGE 20–25 15–19 10–14 5–9 0–4
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NATIONAL

ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P2

This memorandum consists of 24 pages.

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• This marking memorandum is intended as a guide for markers.

1. Wherever a candidate has answered more than the required number of

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QUESTION 1: PRESCRIBED POETRY – ESSAY

OLD FOLKS LAUGH – Maya Angelou

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QUESTION 2: PRESCRIBED POETRY – CONTEXTUAL

AN ABANDONED BUNDLE – Mbuyiseni Oswald Mtshali

2.1 The conditions in White City Jabavu are harsh/unpleasant/unsanitary/

2.2 The reader might be distressed/repelled/disgusted. The word intensifies/

2.3 The word, 'bundle' has connotations of insignificance/unimportance/

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QUESTION 3: PRESCRIBED POETRY – CONTEXTUAL

ON THE MOVE – Thom Gunn

3.3 In appearance, the motorcyclists present a picture of strength and power

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QUESTION 4: PRESCRIBED POETRY – CONTEXTUAL

LONDON –William Blake

4.2 The words, 'cry' and 'sigh' suggest the helplessness/vulnerability/suffering of

[Mark globally.] (2)

The oxymoron in 'marriage hearse' implies that something which is sacred

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QUESTION 5: UNSEEN POETRY – CONTEXTUAL

THE LONELINESS BEYOND – Sipho Sepamla

5.4 The mood is oppressive/bleak/lonely/despairing. People retreat into 'holes'

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QUESTION 6: ANIMAL FARM – ESSAY

[Credit valid alternative responses.] [25]

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QUESTION 7: ANIMAL FARM – CONTEXTUAL

[Award 3 marks for any three points.] (3)

[Credit valid alternative responses.] (3)

7.4 The sheep are encouraged to disrupt meetings by interrupting Snowball's

7.5 The original reason for the Commandments is to ensure equality/justice/

7.6 Squealer is engaged in changing one of the Commandments. This is

[Credit responses that make reference to irony.] (3)

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[Award full marks only if reference is made to Benjamin.]

[Credit valid alternative responses.] (4)

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QUESTION 8: PRIDE AND PREJUDICE – ESSAY

• The family's social position is critically important in the culture/society Austen

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QUESTION 9: PRIDE AND PREJUDICE – CONTEXTUAL

9.1 Mr Collins's first marriage proposal to Elizabeth is rejected. He is now on his

9.5 Elizabeth is appreciative of Darcy's intervention in the Lydia-Wickham affair.

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[Credit valid alternative responses.]

[Credit valid mixed responses.] (4)

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QUESTION 10: THE GREAT GATSBY – ESSAY

1920s America is regarded as a period of extravagance, lavish overspending, moral

[Credit alternative and mixed responses.] [25]

QUESTION 11: THE GREAT GATSBY – CONTEXTUAL

The house is a reproduction of a European mansion, which is one of the