English HL P2 Nov 2022 MG

NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P2
NOVEMBER 2022
MARKING GUIDELINES
MARKS: 80
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English Home Language/P2 2 DBE/November 2022
NSC – Marking Guidelines
NOTE TO MARKERS
 These marking guidelines are intended as a guide for markers.

 The marking guidelines will be discussed with the marking panels before marking
commences at the marking centres.
 Candidates' responses must be considered on their merits.
MARKING GUIDELINES
1. Wherever a candidate has answered more than the required number of questions,
mark only the first answer/response. (The candidate may not answer the essay
and the contextual question on the same genre.)
2. If a candidate has answered all four questions in SECTION A (prescribed poems),
mark only the first two.
3. If a candidate has answered two contextual or two essay questions in SECTIONS
B and C, mark the first one and ignore the second. If a candidate has answered all
four questions (novel) and/or all six questions (drama), mark only the first answer
in each SECTION, provided that one contextual and one essay have been
answered.
4. If a candidate gives two answers, the first of which is wrong and the next one
correct, mark the first answer and ignore the next.
5. If answers are incorrectly numbered, mark according to the marking guidelines.
6. If a spelling error affects the meaning, mark incorrect. If it does not affect the
meaning, mark correct.
7. Essay question
If the essay is shorter than the required word count, do not penalise, because the
candidate has already penalised himself/herself. If the essay is too long, assess
on merit and discuss with senior markers.
8. Contextual questions
If the candidate does not use inverted commas when asked to quote, do not
penalise.
9. For open-ended questions, no marks should be awarded for YES/NO or I
AGREE/DISAGREE. The reason/substantiation/motivation/justification is what
should be considered.
10. No marks should be awarded for TRUE/FALSE or FACT/OPINION. The
reason/substantiation/motivation/justification is what should be considered.
11. Answers to contextual questions must be assessed holistically in the light of the
discussion during the standardisation of the marking guidelines.

SECTION A: POETRY
PRESCRIBED POETRY
QUESTION 1: POETRY – ESSAY QUESTION
'VULTURES' – Chinua Achebe
 Use the following points, among others, as a guideline to marking this question.
Responses might differ, depending on the candidate's sensitivity to and
understanding of the poem.
 Refer to page 23 for the rubric to assess this question.
 The speaker draws similarities between the vulture and people ('the Commandant');
both good and evil co-exist within them. However, there is a difference in their
reason for committing evil: vultures act on instinct and for survival, while people
have free will/choice.
 The vulture's repulsive physical appearance ('bashed-in', 'dump' and 'gross') is
associated with its perceived capacity for cruelty and evil.
 However, 'nestled' and 'affectionately' suggest the vulture is gentle and caring.
 This contradiction is also seen in the Commandant who is portrayed as both
repulsive ('hairy nostrils') and loving ('tender' and 'Daddy').
 'ogre', 'cruel' and 'evil' are juxtaposed with 'tenderness' and 'love' in the concluding
section to reinforce this contradiction.
 'perpetuity of evil' implies that despite the existence of goodness, evil will continue
to flourish.
 The disgusting image of the vultures gorging on the bowel of an animal emphasises
their brutal and ruthless nature.
 This cruel nature is further reinforced by 'cold telescopic eyes' which demonstrates
the vultures' callousness and detachment.
 'fumes of human roast clinging rebelliously' is a shocking image which presents the
Commandant as a monster who has the capacity for evil and who indiscriminately
and inhumanely slaughters people.
 However, the same Commandant is presented as capable of love because he buys
treats for his children on the way home from work.
 This description of him as a family man makes his actions in the camp even more
despicable and deplorable.
 Neither the vultures nor the Commandant display remorse for their hideous actions.
 The speaker is bewildered by love's ability to exist in unpleasant circumstances and
ignore the surrounding horror ('charnel-house').
 'a tiny glow-worm … a cruel heart' reinforces the contradictory nature of people by
implying that even the most callous person has some capacity for love even though
it may be difficult to access.
 The speaker feels hopeless because 'that kindred love' is reserved for one's own
kind and is not extended to others and this will allow evil to continue to exist.
 The speaker's tone shifts from revulsion and disgust when describing the vultures
to bewilderment/confusion as he battles to understand how love can exist in terrible
circumstances. His tone is also one of horror/shock that the Commandant can be
both cruel and affectionate.
 The tone in the last section is initially hopeful/optimistic/grateful or ironic and then
becomes despairing/pessimistic/hopeless.
[Credit valid alternative responses.] [10]

QUESTION 2: POETRY – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION
'somewhere i have never travelled, gladly beyond' – ee cummings
2.1 The speaker sees his relationship as a journey of discovery./The journey is

unfamiliar, different and exciting.
[Award 2 marks for one distinct idea.] (2)
2.2 By using 'i' the speaker reduces his own importance and sees himself as
insignificant./He acknowledges the power his loved one has over him.
2.3 By comparing his heart/emotions to the blossoming of a rose, the speaker

suggests he is ready to open himself to his loved one. She is like 'Spring',
implying that her love has nourished him, released his emotions and brought
him to life again. His loved one is careful and gentle ('petal by petal',
'skilfully'); she encourages him to open himself to the experience of love; she
gently urges him to break down his emotional barriers. Her impact on him is
almost magical ('mysteriously'). This effectively conveys the inexplicable
power that love has to be transformative.
[Award 3 marks only if the effectiveness of the image is discussed.]
[Award only 1 mark for an explanation of the comparison.] (3)
2.4 The speaker believes that love is mysterious/incomprehensible/illogical and

more powerful than nature itself. The poem explores the
enigmatic/indescribable and transformative nature of love. The speaker
implies that his loved one is his world ('colour of its countries') and that
nothing in nature ('not even the rain') can rival her power. He acknowledges,
and is in awe of, the power her 'intense fragility' and 'small hands' have over
him. He feels this power 'compels' him to open up his heart to her; he cannot
explain the hold that it has over him, yet 'something in [him] understands' it
and is willing to obey.
[Credit valid alternative responses.]
[Award 3 marks only if there is a critical discussion.] (3)

[10]

'FELIX RANDAL' – Gerard Manley Hopkins
3.1 The word, 'hardy-handsome' creates the impression that Felix is in his
prime./Felix is physically strong/powerful and resilient which are admirable
qualities.
3.2 It suggests that Felix’s physical illness contributed to a deterioration of his

mental faculties.
[Award 2 marks only if the link between his physical illness and mental
deterioration is made clear.] (2)
3.3 The 'tongue' represents how the speaker's words eased Felix's suffering and
guided him towards spiritual enlightenment; 'touch' demonstrates how the
speaker's presence alleviated Felix's suffering. This image is effective as it
shows the role that the speaker played in Felix's spiritual growth which
allowed Felix to reconcile himself to his fate.
3.4 In the final stanza, the speaker focuses on Felix when he was in his prime.
He is shown to have been a man of considerable strength and skill. He was
full of life ('boisterous') and a productive member of society. He stood out
from his peers, who respected and revered him. By creating a favourable
impression of Felix and the admirable qualities he possesses, the speaker
reminds the reader that Felix's debilitating illness does not define him and
should not detract from his legacy.

[10]

'FIRST DAY AFTER THE WAR' – Mazisi Kunene
4.1 The word 'songs' has connotations of joy, celebration and happiness. The
speaker is overjoyed that the war/apartheid has ended./He is optimistic and
full of joy at the thought of a new beginning.
4.2 The people are unsure about whether to believe that this day of freedom has
finally arrived./They are afraid to get their hopes up as they might be
disappointed should freedom not materialise.
4.3 A 'circle' suggests a coming together of equals which is all-encompassing

and unifying. The fact that 'all' people are called demonstrates that different
cultures, ethnicities and religions are included in this celebration. This implies
that the end of apartheid was celebrated by the whole world as people were
no longer segregated and diversity was celebrated.
4.4 The mood of the poem is celebratory/upbeat. There is a demand for a

'festival' to give thanks that the war/apartheid has ended. It is an auspicious
occasion that is worthy of celebration. The 'old man' represents the older
generation who might have been accepting of the status quo and who might
not believe what they are witnessing. They need to be 'shook up' and urged
to join the celebrations; there is a sense of impatience and eagerness in this
action. The 'first fruits of the season' are the reward that can now be enjoyed
after enduring much hardship. People who were previously separated
('stranger') 'held hands' and 'shouted', which suggests that they are united in
their joy. There is optimism and hope after years of suffering; 'peace' has
finally been achieved.

[10]

UNSEEN POETRY (COMPULSORY)
QUESTION 5: CONTEXTUAL QUESTION
5.1 The word 'laden' suggests that there is a great deal of moisture which is
weighing down the grass.
5.2 The speaker feels a close connection to nature; it has a soothing/calming

effect on him. The lines suggest that the movement of the grass is gentle and
the grass sways rhythmically. The word, 'rustling' suggests that the grass
also makes a muted sound as the speaker disturbs it by walking through it.
[Award 1 mark for the speaker’s attitude and 1 mark for the explanation.] (2)
5.3 The length of the lines decreases/diminishes. This reinforces the regretful/
sorrowful/mournful tone of the speaker. He realises that the grass will
eventually be destroyed. He will no longer be able to appreciate it and it will
no longer bring him joy.
[Award 1 mark for a reference to line length, 1 mark for tone and 1 mark for
the discussion.] (3)
5.4 The contradiction between 'green and succulent' grass and 'black and burnt
plains' captures the idea that the cycle of nature is about the rejuvenation
that occurs after destruction. All life must come to an end so that new life can
begin. The oxymoron ('Fruitless growth') suggests that, despite the renewal,
there is a pointlessness to this repetitive cycle of nature as nothing lasts.
[Award 3 marks only if a comment is made.] (3)

[10]
TOTAL SECTION A: 30

SECTION B: NOVEL
THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY – Oscar Wilde
QUESTION 6: THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY – ESSAY QUESTION
 Below is the basis for answering this essay. Use the following as a guideline only.
However, also allow for answers that are different, original and show evidence of
critical thought and interpretation.
 A range of examples should be used by the candidates to support their arguments.
 Basil's portrait makes Dorian aware of his physical attractiveness and initiates his wish
to remain young and beautiful. His narcissism proves to be his undoing as his wish
allows him to act without consequence, ultimately leading to his moral decline.
 Even though Dorian remains unsullied, the portrait shows his moral decay suggesting
that the novel is cautioning against excessive behaviour of any kind.
 Although Lord Henry suggests that living a life of excess, and the yielding to
temptation is the ultimate aim of life, such a lifestyle is shown to lead to unhappiness.
Giving into every temptation ultimately leads to the destruction of one's self. A life of
extremes is dangerous.
 Lord Henry is reckless in his espousing of the theories of New Hedonism and
Aestheticism. He does not consider the impact they may have on impressionable
people like Dorian.
 Lord Henry's influence leads to Dorian's surrounding himself with beautiful people and
things but when their appeal fades, he is quick to discard them. He shuns Sibyl when
her allure as an actress disappears, and he leaves a plethora of destroyed friendships
– and people – in his wake. Dorian's influence on people, like Adrian Singleton and
Lady Gwendolen, proves to be as harmful to them as Lord Henry's influence is
ultimately on Dorian.
 The fact that Dorian is constantly searching for sensory pleasures suggests that
aestheticism and hedonism only bring temporary satisfaction.
 Dorian's poor choices and inability to resist temptations lead to the destruction and
downfall of people around him, and to his own demise.
 Basil's naive idolisation of Dorian leads to his not wanting to acknowledge how morally
depraved Dorian has become, which results in his murder.
 Dorian is not held accountable for his actions as he looks pure and innocent. At one
point, Dorian even observes that, had his sins been punished earlier, he might not
have continued on his destructive course of action.
 The portrait allows Dorian to conceal his sinful behaviour but this separation of body
and soul becomes increasingly difficult to maintain because he is unable to
avoid/escape feelings of guilt and regret.
 Dorian believes that the portrait gives him immunity because it takes on the signs of
his depravity. His momentary remorse over the course of his lifetime is easily
appeased because he knows that there is no evidence and therefore no punishment
for his actions. Dorian's killing himself when he stabs the portrait however, supports
the belief that one cannot truly escape the consequences of one's actions.
 James Vane acts in extreme ways to gain revenge which results in his own death.
 Despite people's perceived conservatism, their permissiveness pushes the boundaries
of socially acceptable conduct and is detrimental to their reputations and their lives.
[Credit valid alternative responses.] [25]

QUESTION 7: THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION
7.1 Basil has revealed the finished portrait of Dorian Gray to Lord Henry who
expresses admiration/appreciation for Dorian's strikingly good looks. Prior to
this, Dorian and Lord Henry had been discussing the importance of
aestheticism and Lord Henry tells Dorian that he should appreciate his youth
and beauty. He plants the thought that, by ageing, Dorian will lose his beauty.
[Award 3 marks for three distinct points.] (3)
7.2 Victorian Society is perceived as shallow/superficial, placing great emphasis

on appearance. It suggests that one's appearance determines one's worth.
7.3 'Shrugged' implies a nonchalant response to Basil's accusation. Lord Henry is

detached and indifferent to the effect that he has had on Dorian. His blasé
attitude and lack of concern suggest that he will not take responsibility for his
actions.
[Award 3 marks for two ideas well explained.] (3)
7.4 Lord Henry might be held responsible as it is he who introduces Dorian to the
idea that life should be lived for beauty and that the pursuit of pleasure is
paramount. He convinces Dorian to adopt these values, and to live a self-
indulgent lifestyle; he tells Dorian that he should yield to temptation and not
feel bound by the rules of society. Lord Henry's encouraging Dorian's
narcissism leads to Dorian's fatal wish to remain forever young and beautiful.
He lives by the yellow book given to him by Lord Henry, seeking out
increasingly decadent experiences and becoming more corrupt with each
one.
[Candidates might argue that Dorian must be held responsible for his own
choices and that he is pre-disposed to living a life of decadence and self-
indulgence.]
[Credit valid alternative/mixed responses.]

(3)
[Award 3 marks for a critical discussion.]
7.5 James Vane has travelled from London to Dorian's country estate to avenge
his sister’s death. Dorian saw James looking through a window of the house
the previous evening. The shock of seeing him caused Dorian to faint.

7.6 When Dorian is confronted by James as he is leaving an opium den, Dorian

convinces James that he is not the man that James is looking for. He does
this by referring to his youthful good looks which make it impossible to believe
that Dorian was the young man involved with Sibyl 18 years earlier.
7.7 It would appear that Dorian is deeply distressed by the thought of having
killed Basil. The stark reality of what he has done finally seems to have hit
home and his tears would suggest that Dorian regrets his actions.
[Award 1 mark for a reference to Dorian's state of mind and 1 mark for a
discussion thereof.] (2)
7.8 'Scarlet' is a deep red colour which is a reminder of the blood that Dorian spilt
when he murdered Basil. It is also a reference to the 'blood' that Dorian sees
seeping from the portrait each time he returns to the attic. The image
suggests that time has not lessened Dorian's feelings of horror and guilt at his
dreadful deed. Despite his best efforts to forget his crime, his conscience will
not allow his soul to be at ease.
[Award 3 marks for a comment on the significance of the image.] (3)
7.9 Aestheticism emphasises the importance of beauty and the pursuit of

pleasure. Dorian adopts the idea that life should mimic art in that it should be
beautiful but ‘useless’. He becomes self-absorbed and focused on his own
gratification without concern for the effect his actions might have on others.
By calling himself an aesthete, Dorian is able to justify his egotistical pursuit of
new sensations regardless of the moral issues that might be raised. He
spends his life gathering beautiful things and indulging his every desire
without making any meaningful contribution. He values beauty above all else
but ironically finds himself increasingly drawn to the ugliness of life. Nothing
brings him lasting pleasure or satisfaction. Ultimately this has disastrous
consequences for the people with whom he is associated and for himself.
[Award 3 marks for a critical discussion.] (3)

[25]

LIFE OF PI – Yann Martel
QUESTION 8: LIFE OF PI – ESSAY QUESTION
AGREE
 Pi experiences bullying when his school mates tease him about his name. His
response is resourceful and reflects his resilient nature. These qualities assist him in
overcoming the trauma of losing his family and being stranded with a tiger.
 The ingenuity he displays in recreating his name also allows him to build a makeshift
raft and find alternative solutions to the hardships he faces at sea.
 The horror of watching Mahisha kill and devour a goat teaches Pi a healthy respect
for wild animals; this awareness assists him when he is forced to live in such close
quarters with Richard Parker.
 The criticism that Pi faces for wanting to explore three religions simultaneously
develops his independence. It strengthens his resolve of having something to believe
in. This is essential to his survival on the lifeboat, and throughout his life. The routine
and religious rituals provide comfort and guidance during trying times.
 Despite his grief at losing his family in the shipwreck, Pi is able to adjust to his new
reality, both on the lifeboat and in Canada. He rallies quickly and takes measures to
ensure his safety and survival. Regardless of the obstacles he faces, he rebounds,
perseveres and finds the strength to overcome these challenges.
 Although Pi is traumatised by the hyena's/French cook's barbarism, it also
strengthens his resolve to survive. He realises that he will have to commit acts that
would normally be abhorrent to him to ensure his survival. His adoption of Richard
Parker as his alter ego allows him to separate himself from this savage side of
himself. This is essential to his long-term survival.
 There are times when he becomes despondent and loses hope and even wishes for
death. However, his belief that he will be rescued keeps him hopeful.
 The algae island appears to offer all the basic resources to live a comfortable life.
However, when Pi discovers the human teeth in a tree on the island, he becomes
aware that deeper spiritual enlightenment is the only recipe to a meaningful life.
 Despite the horrors Pi experiences at sea, he realises how reliant all creatures are on
one another. Neither Pi nor Richard Parker would have survived if they did not have
each other.
 Although Pi is forced to compromise his strong morals in his struggle to survive, his
creation of Richard Parker as his alter ego allows him to revert to those morals once
he returns to civilisation. This ability to adapt his morals to his circumstances saves
his life.
 Pi's horrible experiences demonstrate that having faith in something, whether in
oneself or in one's abilities or in a higher power, is essential for a happy and fulfilled
life. He is able to reconcile his belief in science with his religious faith, proving that
both can co-exist.
[A cogent 'Disagree' response is unlikely. However, treat all responses on their merits.]
[Credit valid alternative/mixed responses.] [25]

QUESTION 9: LIFE OF PI – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION
9.1 Mr. Patel has taken Pi and Ravi to the tiger enclosure and has made them
watch how the tiger, which had not been fed for three days prior to this event,
devours a goat that has been left in its cage. He is concerned that Pi's
anthropomorphism of animals will put him in danger. He does not want Pi to
think that he can treat the animals in the zoo like pets. The lesson is a
reminder to the boys that the tiger is a predator.
9.2 Having watched Mahisha attack the goat, Pi is painfully aware of the danger
Richard Parker poses to him when they find themselves alone on the lifeboat.
He realises that he needs to establish boundaries and keep his distance from
Richard Parker. He knows that he will have to ensure that Richard Parker's
physical needs are taken care of by providing him with food so that the tiger
does not turn on him.
[Award 2 marks for 2 distinct ideas.] (2)
9.3 Pi and his mother share a warm and loving relationship. His mother is
protective of Pi, defending him when necessary, and offering him comfort.
She encourages him to read and be imaginative. She respects his
independence and does not oppose his desire to embrace three different
religions. Her humanity, firm morals and courage inspire Pi. He is ashamed
when she discovers that he has eaten the biscuits as he wants to live up to
her example and make her proud.
[Award 3 marks for a well-developed discussion.] (3)
9.4 The hyena represents the French cook. They are similar in their savagery
and viciousness. When the sailor's leg becomes infected the cook amputates
it, and the sailor dies slowly and painfully. The cook then eats some of the
sailor's flesh. He also decapitates Pi's mother when she objects to his
savagery. Like the hyena he is greedy, violent and terrified of going hungry.
9.5 Pi is prepared to do anything to survive, even going against his moral

principles. He foregoes his vegetarianism, and resorts to killing not only fish
and other creatures but a fellow castaway. His killing of the French cook is an
act of vengeance. He provides food for himself and Richard Parker thereby
ensuring that he does not become the tiger's next meal. Pi resorts to
becoming animalistic in order to preserve his life.
[Award 3 marks only if there is a comment.] (3)

9.6 The dream rag is a rag that Pi soaks in sea water and uses to cover his face
while he dozes. It induces a state of hallucination. Pi uses his dream rag as
an escape mechanism. It allows him to avoid the harsh reality of his situation.
[Award 2 marks for two distinct points.] (2)
9.7 Orange is associated with survival and hope. All the safety equipment
(lifejackets, whistle, lifebuoy) is orange and helps Pi survive. Orange Juice,
the orang-utan, and Richard Parker, the orange tiger, offer Pi comfort and
hope. The fading of the colour is indicative of Pi's loss of hope because his
chances of survival seem to be fading with the loss of the life raft and the
dwindling of the resources.
[Award 3 marks for a well-developed discussion on the significance of the

orange colour fading.] (3)
9.8 Candidates might suggest that the happiness and love that Pi finds in Canada
indicate that he has overcome his ordeal. He successfully studies for two
degrees, marries and has a loving family of his own. His house is full of
evidence that his faith has endured.
However, candidates might argue that Pi has not come to terms with his
traumatic experiences. His fading memories of his family and hoarding of
tinned food and the expression of sadness/pain that appears when he thinks
about Richard Parker are signs that the effects of his ordeal will remain with
him always.
9.9 YES
Richard Parker is a source of companionship for Pi while they find
themselves stranded on the lifeboat. As long as Pi has to focus on keeping
Richard Parker alive, he has a sense of purpose. Spending time taming
Richard Parker distracts Pi from thinking about the physical deprivation he is
experiencing. Being busy prevents him from wallowing in the misery of losing
his family. Richard Parker also saves Pi from being attacked by the hyena
and the blind Frenchman.
[Candidates might refer to the second story where Richard Parker is seen as
Pi's alter ego. This construct is essential to Pi's survival as it allows him to
distance himself from his own savage nature and makes it easier to live with
the knowledge of the gruesome acts he was forced to commit.]

[25]
TOTAL SECTION B: 25

SECTION C: DRAMA
HAMLET – William Shakespeare
QUESTION 10: HAMLET – ESSAY QUESTION
VALID
 Hamlet reveres his father and deeply mourns his loss. This causes him to be judgmental
of Claudius; the comparison of the two 'as Hyperion to a satyr', clearly depicts this.
Therefore, when the murder of his father is revealed by the ghost he is determined to
embark on a course of vengeance. He becomes resolute in his hatred of Claudius, as
well as in his attempts to punish him.
 Hamlet's relationship with his father and his need to fulfil his duty cause him to make
rash decisions which result in unnecessary loss of life.
 However, this creates a serious dilemma for him: he is torn between his duty to avenge
his father and his own moral and religious convictions.
 His procrastination in acting against Claudius leads to Claudius's treachery against him
and results in many deaths, including his own.
 Hamlet is disillusioned with his mother's incestuous marriage to Claudius so soon after
King Hamlet's death. He feels that his mother has betrayed both him and his father.
When he confronts her, he forces her to choose between her loyalty to Claudius and
himself. Although she never actively opposes Claudius, she does try to protect Hamlet
by lying about Polonius's death and by warning Hamlet about the poisoned wine during
the duel. Her drinking of the poisoned wine results in her own death.
 Gertrude's hasty re-marriage influences Hamlet to perceive all women as faithless,
including Ophelia, whom he harshly rejects.
 Claudius tries to present himself as a caring and concerned father-figure, but this is
rejected by Hamlet who resents Claudius for wanting to usurp his father's role in his and
his mother's lives.
 Polonius's relationship with his children is manipulative and controlling. He does not trust
them and constantly spies on them. He is concerned that their behaviour will
compromise his opportunities of advancement.
 Laertes wants to return to Paris to escape his father's constant lecturing. However, he
does not openly defy his father. Later, he rushes home to avenge his father's death. His
collusion with Claudius results in all three characters' deaths.
 Polonius is insensitive and dismissive toward his daughter. He regards her as ignorant
and naïve. When Polonius instructs Ophelia to reject Hamlet's attentions, she meekly
obeys and allows herself to be used to spy on Hamlet. She is so used to submissively
obeying her father, that she is lost without him when he is killed. She is driven to
madness and ultimately death.
 Hamlet, Laertes and Fortinbras all feel duty-bound to avenge their fathers' deaths. This
indicates the loyalty, love and respect towards their respective fathers. While Hamlet and
Laertes lose their lives in redressing the wrongs done to their fathers, Fortinbras, in
giving up his quest for revenge, gains the throne of Denmark.
[A cogent 'Invalid' response is unlikely. However, treat all responses on their merits.]

QUESTION 11: HAMLET – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION

11.1 King Hamlet of Denmark has died and he has been succeeded by his brother,
Claudius. Claudius has married his late brother's widow, Gertrude. The court
has gathered in the throne room to listen to the pronouncements of the new
king.
[Award 3 marks for three distinct ideas.] (3)
11.2 In these lines Claudius seems sincere in his expression of sorrow for his
brother's death. However, Claudius is being hypocritical as it is later revealed
by the ghost that Claudius has murdered the former king in order to usurp his
throne and marry the queen.
[Award 2 marks for a clear understanding of irony.] (2)
11.3 Fortinbras acts decisively to reclaim the lands that his father had lost to King
Hamlet. He demands that Claudius 'surrender' the lost lands and threatens to
invade Denmark if his demands are not met. His attitude is in direct contrast
to Hamlet's indecisiveness in avenging his father's murder. Hamlet
procrastinates in carrying out the ghost's wishes, overthinking his actions,
needing to ensure the verity of the ghost's accusations. His belief that taking
revenge could endanger his soul also contributes to his hesitation in taking
action.
[Award 1 mark for each character's attitude and the third mark for a (3)
discussion thereof.]
11.4 Hamlet is in a state of despair/despondency; life has become meaningless to

him. He is inconsolable at the death of his father and feels betrayed by his
mother's hasty marriage to Claudius. He feels trapped and would consider
suicide if it were not against God's laws. This indicates his disillusionment
with the world around him.
[Award 1 mark for a reference to Hamlet's state of mind and 2 marks for a
discussion thereof.] (3)
11.5 By referring to an 'unweeded garden', Hamlet is implying that the wellbeing of

the country is being neglected. The country is overrun with corruption and
disorder. This image implies that Denmark is in a state of decay. Hamlet's
disdain for the prevailing decline of his homeland, governed by 'rank and
gross' principles is evident.
[Award 3 marks for a clear explanation of the image accompanied by a valid

comment.] (3)
11.6 Claudius is terrified/afraid/anxious/petrified of the threat that Hamlet poses to

him. By comparing Hamlet to a disease, Claudius suggests that Hamlet's
presence at court troubles him. The only remedy is to send Hamlet to
England where he plans to have him executed. This emphasises Claudius's
desperation and the drastic lengths he is prepared to go to, to protect his
position.
(2)
[Award 1 mark for a reference to attitude and 1 mark for a discussion.]

11.7 Hamlet's refusal to reveal the whereabouts of Polonius's body indicates that
Hamlet does not trust Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Hamlet is aware that
they have been brought to Denmark by the King to discover the cause of his
strange behaviour and to help cheer him up. By agreeing to Claudius's
suggestion that they spy on Hamlet, they have become Claudius's dupes who
allow themselves to be manipulated by Claudius for his own nefarious
purposes.
11.8 Hamlet might point/gesture to Claudius or wave his hand dismissively as he

explains his reason for referring to Claudius as his 'mother'. His tone might be
sarcastic/mocking/bitter as he is alluding to the incestuous relationship
between Claudius and Gertrude and his feelings of betrayal at Gertrude's
loyalty to Claudius.
Candidates might describe his tone as insulting as he is trying to provoke and

irritate Claudius to make his disapproval apparent.
[The candidate's response should be convincing in context.]
[Award 3 marks only if the candidate refers to both body language and tone,
and includes a justification.] (3)
11.9 YES
In this line, Claudius's implication is that Hamlet's madness has led to his
murder of Polonius, and that his being 'loose' might endanger the lives of
others. He implies that Hamlet should be restrained as a protective measure.
Claudius is concerned about Hamlet being a threat to him and his hold on the
throne. Hamlet has been made aware of Claudius's treachery by the ghost
who has commanded him to avenge King Hamlet's murder. Hamlet is only
dangerous as long as Claudius is still in his sights.
OR
NO
Hamlet has been reluctant to take action against Claudius, even when the
perfect opportunity arises when Claudius is praying. Hamlet's procrastination
and concern for his mortal soul is the cause of his not taking decisive action
against Claudius.

[25]

OTHELLO – William Shakespeare

QUESTION 12: OTHELLO – ESSAY QUESTION
VALID
 Initially, Othello regards Desdemona as 'his soul's joy'. His happiness is dependent on
his love for her. Their relationship is based on mutual respect and admiration.
 Othello regards Desdemona as his equal, admiring her assertiveness and
outspokenness. She is a strong-willed and courageous woman who is prepared to defy
her father and Venetian society to be with the man she loves. However, when she
doggedly appeals for Cassio's reinstatement, Othello, fuelled by Iago's insinuations,
misinterprets her assertiveness as pleading on her lover's behalf. He begins to distrust
her, believing her to be unfaithful.
 As a result of his insecurities and jealousy, Othello develops ambivalent feelings toward
Desdemona. Although he is filled with abhorrence for her supposedly promiscuous
behaviour and vows that he will no longer be influenced by her charms, he is still
entranced by her beauty.
 Othello's outrage at Desdemona's supposed betrayal is in conflict with his enduring love
for her. He speaks of her as 'a fine woman, a fair woman, a sweet woman', yet at other
times he refers to her as 'whore' and 'strumpet'.
 After being provided with 'ocular proof', Othello is determined to kill her. He justifies his
actions as being those of 'an honourable murderer'.
 Desdemona is modest and unselfish in her constant love for her husband. She remains
loyal and loving in spite of having to endure his humiliation and scorn.
 Later, Desdemona fails to defend herself when Othello verbally and physically abuses
her. By defending his actions, she becomes a submissive and obedient wife. Ultimately,
she is a victim of Othello's overpowering strength and oppressive jealousy and is killed
despite protesting her innocence.
 Othello's realisation that he has wronged her leads to his remorse and his inability to
continue living. He takes his own life in atonement for murdering Desdemona.
 Iago is generally disrespectful and dismissive of Emilia. He does not take her into his
confidence or allow her to question his actions. He is rude and bullying and deliberately
uses her as a tool to further his selfish plans.
 Emilia develops a cynical view toward marriage because of the verbal abuse she suffers
at the hands of Iago. Despite this, she obeys him without question.
 Emilia's desire to be loved exposes her to Iago's manipulation. She is prepared to steal
the handkerchief for him, thus compromising her integrity. However, when she realises
what Iago has done, Emilia's sense of justice and honour prevails. Although Emilia
realises that declaring the truth will place her life at risk, she is willing to do this to clear
her conscience.
 At the end of the play, she displays great courage and defies her victimhood and her
duties as a wife when she refuses to obey Iago. She is prepared to denounce him even
though she realises she might die in doing so; her actions do indeed lead to her death.
[A cogent 'Invalid' response is unlikely. However, treat all responses on their merits.]

QUESTION 13: OTHELLO – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION
13.1 Othello and Desdemona have secretly married. Iago and Roderigo have
stirred Brabantio's' anger when they inform him about the elopement.
Brabantio insists on Othello accompanying him to the senate, where he will
lay charges against Othello.
13.2 Brabantio thinks that it is unnatural ('against all rules of nature') for his
daughter to fall in love with a black man. In his mind, it is a terrible mistake
for her to have done so. His racism is evident when he claims that Othello
must have used witchcraft ('mixtures powerful o'er the blood'/'dram conjured')
to seduce Desdemona.
[Award 1 mark for the identification of diction and 2 marks for how that
reveals Brabantio's prejudice.] (3)
13.3 NO
Brabantio portrays Desdemona as being meek and submissive and implies
that she would not have married Othello of her own free will. However, this is
not consistent with Desdemona's behaviour before the Duke. She is
outspoken/assertive and unafraid of challenging the conventions of her
society. She is prepared to defend her choice by standing up to her father
and the Duke. She presents herself as courageous, proud and confident. This
contradicts the impression her father has created of her.
[A cogent 'Yes' response is unlikely. However, treat all responses on their

merits.]
[Award 1 mark for Brabantio's description and 2 marks for a discussion of

whether there is consistency in Desdemona's behaviour.] (3)
13.4 Venice is portrayed as a place where law and order prevail. Unlike Brabantio,
the Duke is impartial as he allows both Brabantio and Othello to present their
versions of events. His approach is calm and rational, suggesting that justice
will prevail and that disputes in Venice are dealt with in a fair manner.
[Award 1 mark for an explanation of the Duke's words and 2 marks for a well-
developed comment.] (3)
13.5 Iago reminds Othello of the handkerchief that Othello had gifted to
Desdemona and mentions seeing it in Cassio's possession. He lies to Othello
about Cassio speaking of his affair with Desdemona in his sleep. His
deliberate use of sexual innuendo to describe the affair infuriates Othello and
drives him mad with jealousy.

13.6 Iago's suggestion that Desdemona should be allowed to live is ironic as his
intention is to encourage Othello to murder Desdemona. Not only would this
destroy Othello's happiness completely, but it would ensure Iago's safety.
13.7 Othello is determined to take revenge. He has entered into a pact/vow with
Iago to have both Cassio and Desdemona murdered. Since he wants a swift
resolution to the matter, he instructs Iago to have Cassio killed within the next
three days. He is grateful for Iago's support. His state of mind is occupied by
thoughts of revenge which show the extent of his moral deterioration. He has
become completely dependent on Iago's guidance. This illustrates that Iago
wields full control over Othello.
[Award 1 mark for a reference to Othello's state of mind and 2 marks for a
comment.] (3)
13.8 Othello might clench his fist/slam his fists down or thump his chest furiously.
He could take out his dagger and point it while pacing angrily up and down.
His tone might be aggressive/savage or adamant/determined/forceful as he
demands revenge for Desdemona's supposed betrayal.
13.9 The audience might feel sympathy for Othello. In these lines, Othello is
consumed by jealousy and a desire for revenge. His lack of sophistication/
naivety/gullibility has caused him to succumb to Iago's manipulations and to
believe Iago's lies. His torment and suffering are evident as he is unable to
bear the realisation that Desdemona has betrayed their love.
OR
The audience might also have feelings of disgust/scorn/contempt for Othello

for allowing himself to be manipulated by Iago and believing his lies without
giving Desdemona the opportunity to refute the accusations against her. He
has based his judgement of her on circumstantial evidence and Iago's lies
and therefore does not deserve our sympathy.
[Award 3 marks for a critical discussion.] (3)

[25]

THE CRUCIBLE – Arthur Miller
QUESTION 14: THE CRUCIBLE – ESSAY QUESTION
AGREE
 Initially the Proctors' marriage is full of tension because of John's affair with Abigail.
 Elizabeth is cold toward John. She does not trust him and although the affair has
come to an end, she is still suspicious of his interactions with Abigail.
 John is desperate to regain Elizabeth's trust. However, he is not prepared to reveal
that the girls are lying as that would make his affair public. This silence allows the girls
to continue with their false accusations.
 When Elizabeth is arrested, John challenges the court to clear her name.
 Elizabeth is even prepared to lie (which she has never done before) about John's
affair to protect his reputation; however, this backfires and makes John seem
untrustworthy. Her actions strengthen their marriage and they learn to trust and
support each other.
 John makes the ultimate sacrifice for his family when he refuses to offer a public
confession. He realises that if he chooses to save his own life, it will be at the expense
of his family's reputation and the legacy he will leave his children. Elizabeth supports
and respects his fatal decision.
 When Abigail and Betty are found dancing in the forest, Parris displays little fatherly
concern and he is only interested in how their behaviour will damage his reputation as
the town's minister. He supports the idea of witchcraft so as to deflect suspicion from
himself. This decision encourages the hysteria which results in the loss of innocent
lives.
 Abigail mirrors this self-centred behaviour when she steals Parris's money and runs
away. She has no consideration for how her actions will affect her family.
 Abigail lacks empathy as a result of having witnessed her parents' murder. This,
together with Parris's harsh parenting style, makes her bitter and vindictive. Her harsh
circumstances enable her to make accusations against innocent people without any
remorse.
 The Putnams are ambitious and ruthless. They are prepared to use their daughter,
Ruth, and the trials to make false accusations in order to gain more land.
 The Nurses have a large family which is envied by Ann Putnam. This jealousy plays a
role in Ann's accusing Rebecca of witchcraft. Francis is devastated and challenges
the court in an attempt to prove his wife's innocence. However, this challenge only
results in more suspicion being cast on the people who signed the petition.
 Giles Corey and his wife have poor communication and instead of Giles asking her
about the book she is reading, he tells the court about her behaviour which casts
suspicion on her and contributes to her arrest.
 Giles feels guilty about his role in his wife's arrest and he, like Francis Nurse, also
challenges the court in an attempt to clear his wife's name. However, this attempt fails
and he is arrested and later pressed to death.
[A cogent ‘Disagree’ response is unlikely. However, treat all responses on their merits.]

QUESTION 15: THE CRUCIBLE – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION
15.1 Abigail wanted Tituba to cast a charm on Elizabeth Proctor; she wants to
eliminate Elizabeth so that she can be with John. Tituba was also asked to
conjure up the spirits of Ann Putnam's babies.
15.2 Because Salem is a Puritan society, it deems dancing as a forbidden

pleasure. Salem is conservative and restricts people's behaviour to what it
views as morally acceptable. People who disobey the rules are severely
punished for non-compliance. Corporal punishment was commonly practised.
15.3 Abigail is selfish and does not truly love anyone, not even Betty. She
threatens Betty and is physically violent toward her so that she will not tell the
truth. Betty is scared of Abigail. Abigail's lack of care for Betty is further
proved when she runs away from Salem with Parris's money and leaves
Betty behind.
(3)
[Award 3 marks for a well-developed discussion.]
15.4 Parris has been unable to unify his congregation. He is paranoid and
insecure and believes that people are plotting against him and trying to
remove him from his position as minister. He is overly concerned about his
reputation and what the people of Salem think about him.
[Award 1 mark for a reference to Parris's state of mind and 2 marks for a
comment.] (3)
15.5 Elizabeth has been arrested because Abigail has accused her of sending out
her spirit to harm her. Abigail claims to have been stabbed in her stomach
with a needle. This accusation is seemingly confirmed when a poppet is
found in Elizabeth's house with a needle stuck in its belly.
[Award 3 marks for three distinct ideas.] (3)
15.6 Danforth's words imply that if people are innocent then that truth will come
out and they do not need a lawyer to defend them. However, the opposite is
true because it is the innocent, in Salem, who are being falsely accused and
executed.

15.7 Parris is threatened by Proctor as he knows that Proctor is respected and

that if Proctor challenges the court, then that will cast doubt on the validity of
the trials. Parris is envious/jealous that Proctor naturally has the support of
the townsfolk, whereas he has to use the court to gain support. Parris's moral
weakness clearly emerges through his resentment of Proctor.
[Award 3 marks only if attitude is identified and a valid comment is made.] (3)
15.8 Proctor might put his hand on his heart and point at himself while shaking his
head. His tone is pleading/appeasing/deferential as he does not want to
anger the court and not have his plea heard. His only consideration is the
acquittal of Elizabeth and the other innocent prisoners.
15.9 YES
Even though Proctor is a flawed individual, he ultimately proves to be a moral
man. He commits adultery and some of his actions are motivated by pride; he
fears the town's finding out about his affair and he is concerned about his
reputation. However, his moral fortitude is evident when he challenges the
court in an attempt to free his wife and other innocent people. He is prepared
to die rather than confess to witchcraft. Proctor is aware that if he confesses
to save his life, he will ruin his family's reputation and he is not prepared to do
that. This proves that he is a 'good man'.
OR
NO
[Consider responses that focus only on Proctor's adultery. However, no more
than 2 marks should be awarded for this response.]
[Credit a mixed response.]

[25]
TOTAL SECTION C: 25
GRAND TOTAL: 80

SECTION A: Assessment rubric for literary essay: Poetry (10 Marks)
Criteria Exceptional Skilful Moderate Elementary Inadequate
CONTENT 5-6 4 3 2 0-1

-In-depth interpretation of -Shows understanding -Fair interpretation of topic -Unsatisfactory -No understanding of
6 MARKS topic and has interpreted topic -Some good points in interpretation of topic the topic
-Range of striking well support of topic -Hardly any points in -No reference to the
Interpretation of topic. arguments; extensively -Fairly detailed response -Some arguments support of topic poem
Depth of argument, supported from poem -Sound arguments given, supported, but evidence is -Inadequate -Learner has not
justification and grasp of -Excellent understanding but not all of them as not always convincing understanding of come to grips with
text. of genre and poem well motivated as they -Basic understanding of genre and poem genre and poem
could be genre and poem
-Understanding of genre
and poem
STRUCTURE AND 4 3 2 1 0-1

LANGUAGE -Coherent structure -Clear structure and -Some evidence of -Structure shows -Poorly structured
-Arguments well-structured logical flow of argument structure faulty planning -Serious language
4 MARKS and clearly developed -Flow of argument can -Essay lacks a well- -Arguments not errors and incorrect
-Language, tone and style be followed structured flow of logic logically arranged style
Structure, logical flow mature, impressive, correct -Language, tone and and coherence -Language errors
and presentation. -Virtually error-free grammar, style largely correct -Language errors minor; evident
Language, tone and spelling and punctuation tone and style mostly -Inappropriate tone
style used in the essay appropriate and style
NOTE: If a candidate has ignored the content completely and written a creative response instead, award a 0 mark for both Content and Structure and
Language.

SECTIONS B AND C: Assessment rubric for literary essay: Novel and Drama (25 Marks)
Criteria Exceptional Skilful Moderate Elementary Inadequate

CONTENT 12-15 9-11 6-8 4-5 0-3
-Outstanding response: 14-15 -Shows understanding and -Mediocre interpretation of -Scant interpretation -Very little understanding
15 MARKS -Excellent response: 12-13 has interpreted topic well topic; not all aspects of topic; hardly any of the topic
-In-depth interpretation of topic -Fairly detailed explored in detail aspects explored in -Weak attempt to answer
Interpretation of topic. -Range of striking arguments response -Some good points in detail the question.
Depth of argument, extensively supported from text -Some sound arguments support of topic -Few points in support- -Arguments not
justification and grasp -Excellent understanding of given, but not all of them -Some arguments of topic convincing
of text. genre and text as well motivated as they supported, but evidence is -Very little relevant - -Learner has not come to
could be not always convincing argument grips with genre or text
-Understanding of genre -Partial understanding of -Little understanding
and text evident genre and text of genre and text
STRUCTURE AND 8-10 6-7 4-5 2-3 0-1
LANGUAGE -Coherent structure -Clear structure and logical -Some evidence of -Structure shows -Lack of planned
-Excellent introduction and flow of argument structure faulty planning. structure impedes flow of
10 MARKS conclusion -Introduction and -Logic and coherence -Arguments not argument
-Arguments well-structured and conclusion and other apparent, but flawed logically arranged -Language errors and
Structure, logical flow clearly developed paragraphs coherently -Some language errors; -Language errors incorrect style make this
and presentation. -Language, tone and style organised tone and style mostly evident. an unsuccessful piece of
Language, tone and mature, impressive, correct -Logical flow of argument appropriate -Inappropriate tone writing
style used in the -Language, tone and style -Paragraphing mostly and style -Inappropriate tone and
essay largely correct correct -Paragraphing faulty style
-Paragraphing faulty
MARK RANGE 20-25 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4
NOTE: If a candidate has ignored the content completely and written a creative response instead, award a 0 mark for both Content and Structure and
Language.
There must not be more than two categories' variation between the Structure and Language mark and the Content mark.
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NATIONAL

ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P2

These marking guidelines consist of 24 pages.

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 These marking guidelines are intended as a guide for markers.

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QUESTION 1: POETRY – ESSAY QUESTION

'VULTURES' – Chinua Achebe

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QUESTION 2: POETRY – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION

'somewhere i have never travelled, gladly beyond' – ee cummings

2.1 The speaker sees his relationship as a journey of discovery./The journey is

[Award 2 marks for one distinct idea.] (2)

[Award 2 marks for one distinct idea.] (2)

2.3 By comparing his heart/emotions to the blossoming of a rose, the speaker

[Award 3 marks only if the effectiveness of the image is discussed.]

[Award only 1 mark for an explanation of the comparison.] (3)

2.4 The speaker believes that love is mysterious/incomprehensible/illogical and

[Credit valid alternative responses.]

[Award 3 marks only if there is a critical discussion.] (3)

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QUESTION 3: POETRY – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION

'FELIX RANDAL' – Gerard Manley Hopkins

[Award 2 marks for one distinct idea.] (2)

3.2 It suggests that Felix’s physical illness contributed to a deterioration of his

[Award 3 marks only if the effectiveness of the image is discussed.]

[Award only 1 mark for an explanation of the comparison.] (3)

[Award 3 marks only if there is a critical discussion.] (3)

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QUESTION 4: POETRY – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION

'FIRST DAY AFTER THE WAR' – Mazisi Kunene

[Award 2 marks for one distinct idea.] (2)

[Award 2 marks for one distinct idea.] (2)

4.3 A 'circle' suggests a coming together of equals which is all-encompassing

[Award 3 marks only if the effectiveness of the image is discussed.]

[Award only 1 mark for an explanation of the comparison.] (3)

4.4 The mood of the poem is celebratory/upbeat. There is a demand for a

[Award 3 marks only if there is a critical discussion.] (3)

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UNSEEN POETRY (COMPULSORY)

QUESTION 5: CONTEXTUAL QUESTION

[Award 2 marks for one distinct idea.] (2)

5.2 The speaker feels a close connection to nature; it has a soothing/calming

[Credit valid alternative responses.]

[Award 3 marks only if a comment is made.] (3)

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[Credit valid alternative responses.] [25]

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QUESTION 7: THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY – CONTEXTUAL QUESTION

[Award 3 marks for three distinct points.] (3)

7.2 Victorian Society is perceived as shallow/superficial, placing great emphasis

[Award 2 marks for one distinct idea.] (2)

7.3 'Shrugged' implies a nonchalant response to Basil's accusation. Lord Henry is

[Award 3 marks for two ideas well explained.] (3)

[Credit valid alternative/mixed responses.]

[Award 3 marks for three distinct points.] (3)

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7.6 When Dorian is confronted by James as he is leaving an opium den, Dorian

[Award 3 marks for three distinct points.] (3)

[Award 3 marks for a comment on the significance of the image.] (3)