Senior High School

General Biology I
Quarter 1 – Module 2.2
Cell Types
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 Senior High School

General Biology I
Quarter 1 – Module 2.2
Cells Types

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Biology I Self-Learning Module on Cell Types!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help

you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Biology I Self-Learning Module on Cell Types!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

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This module has the following parts:

Activity : This will bring understanding to what you already know

and experience to what you should learn further.

Analysis : In this phase, you will process and classify what is valid
and not for a more in-depth understanding.

Abstraction : This part leads you in reinforcing what you know and
should know more. Exercises are presented for
independent practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic.

Application : This stage brings you to a more practical way that you are
going to use what you have learned and think new ways
on how it can be improved further.

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 CONTENTS OF THE MODULE
Page
Content Standard 1
Performance Standard 1
Learning Competency 1
Learning Objectives 1

DAILY LEARNING TASK:

Day Learning Task

4 Review of Previous Module 1-2
Presentation of the New Module
5 Activity 3-5
Analysis
6 Abstraction 5-25
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Application
Post-Test
Reflection
References 26

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 LESSON 2: Cell Types
CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
1. cell types

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner should be able to construct a 3D model of a plant/animal/bacterial cell
using recyclable materials.

LEARNING COMPETENCY
Classify different cell types (of plant/animal tissues) and specify the functions of each.
(STEM_BIO11/12-la-c-4)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
1. identify the different cell types of plant and animal tissue based on the
anatomical structure;
2. value the importance of different tissues and their functions; and
3. compare and contrast plant and animal cells.

INTRODUCTION

The module advances autonomous learning of the objective subjects, ideas,

and abilities that will build up your 21st century genuine based aptitudes. This module
gives you significant assignments to build up your abilities for scholarly achievement
and the universe of work. It is secured on the overall standards, objectives, and goals
of the K to 12 Basic Education program that will empower you to become self-realizing,
profitable and viable member of the general public and the world on the loose.

Basically, you will learn a lot about cell types of plant and animal tissues in this
module. With its credible and genuine exercises, you get skill through picking up bits
of knowledge and comprehension of the idea of life science for more profound
appreciation.

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REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS MODULE

The previous module is all about the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Using the
information that you learned from the previous module, put a check in the box to show
the cell parts is present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells or both, and state the
function of each part.

Cell Parts Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Both Function

Nucleus

Capsule

Cell wall

Ribosomes

Mitochondria

PRESENTATION OF THE NEW MODULE

This module is intended to introduce plant and animal tissue cell types. If the
basic unit of life is called the cell, then the tissues are made up of a community of cells.
As a group of cells that perform similar functions, tissues can be identified. In living
organisms, tissues represent a degree of organization.

Plants and animals have tissues. But in all living species, the kinds of tissues
that are present are different. As seen in animals, the muscle tissue is formed by
groups of muscle cells. Similarly, plant tissue is produced by groups of plant cells.
Tissue studies are known as histology, and tissue-related disease studies are known
as histopathology.

Are you ready to explore and understand about plant and animal cell? Let’s go!

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ACTIVITY
Task 1

Directions: Identify and name the two pictures below and give their description and
importance.

Why is it
What is it? Picture Example Description
important?

Source: https://singularityhub.com/2019/04/03/synthetic-cell-component-expands-the-code-of-life-in-complex-cells/ &

https://www.latestgkgs.com/epithelial-tissue-5634-a

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Task 2

Directions: Using the key choices below, correctly identify the following major tissue
types of plants and animals. Enter the appropriate answer in the blanks.

Meristematic tissue epithelial tissue Muscle tissue

Permanent tissue Connective tissue Nervous tissue

1. __________________ 2. __________________ 3. __________________

4. __________________ 5. __________________ 6. __________________

7. __________________ 8. __________________ 9. __________________

10. __________________

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ANALYSIS

Directions: Answer the following guide questions based on your understanding.

1. How is life organized around cells?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

2. Why are plant and animal made of different types of tissues?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

ABSTRACTION

Plant and Animal Cells

Plant cells are eukaryotic cells that differ from other eukaryotic organisms' cells
in many main aspects.

At the center, vacuoles are present and the volume of water filled is enclosed
by a membrane known as tonoplast. The purpose is to maintain cell turgor, the
pressure between cytosol and sap by regulating the movement of molecules, stores
useful material, and digests waste protein and organelles.

The extracellular structure covering the plasma membrane is a cell wall. The
cell wall consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, in many cases, lignin, which
is secreted on the outside of the cell membrane by a protoplast. This compares with
fungi (which are made of chitin) and bacteria made of peptidoglycan in the cell walls.
Turgid controls are an essential feature of the cell wall. The cell wall is divided into the
main and secondary cell walls of the cell. Primary cell wall: highly elastic, and after
growth is complete, the secondary cell wall forms around the primary cell wall.

Plasmodesmata is a pore in the primary wall of the cells from which the
neighboring cells' plasmalemma and endoplasmic reticulum are continuous. Plastids
are containing chlorophyll and biochemical structures for photosynthesis and light-
harvesting. A typical plant cell might contain as many as 50 chloroplasts (e.g., in the
palisade layer of a leaf). The other plastids are amyloplasts specializing in the storage
of starch, adipocytes specializing in fat storage, and chromoplasts specializing in
pigment synthesis and storage.

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 Fig. 1. Schematic representation of a plant cell.
Source: http://content.inflibnet.ac.in/data-server/eacharya-documents/55d44ff9e41301fd23d8facc_INFIEP_203/367/ET/203-367-ET-V1-
S1__l2.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2CCEAksphVCFrjHZLrvhYPd7NBeOFAfnwNkekedZP7k2c-NkKzL40ZbdU

Plant Tissue

A tissue is a cluster of cells that are identical in form and work together to
accomplish a particular purpose. Permanent and meristematic tissues include various
types of plant tissues.

Meristematic Tissue

By swift division, these tissues have the potential to grow. They assist in the
vegetation's significant growth. Growth in plant length and growth in plant diameter is
carried out by these cells. Depending on the secretion in which the meristematic
tissues reside, they are known as intercalary, lateral, and apical meristems.
1. Apical meristem is present at the rising tips of stems and roots or apical. The
plant length is upsurge by the apical meristem.

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 2. The lateral meristem is present in the stem or root radial section. The thickness
of the plant is increased by Lateral Meristem.

3. At the internodes, or at the base of the leaves, the intercalary meristem is

located. The size of the internode is increased by the Intercalary Meristem.

Permanent Tissue in Plants

In simple terms, certain tissues that contain non-dividing cells are the
permanent tissues in a plant. To perform particular functions in the plants, the cells
are also modified. The cells are extracted from the meristematic tissue from the
permanent tissue. They also fully differentiate permanent tissue cells. The cells are
huge, and their shape and size are obvious. You can see intercellular spaces between
the cells that are present. Within these cells, large vacuoles are also present. The
metabolism that occurs in permanent tissue cells is at a relatively low rate.

A. Simple Permanent Tissues

It's simple, these tissues. They are composed of only one sort of cell. All the cells
that make up the tissue are identical here and have the same composition with the same
components of the same kind. Once again, simple permanent tissues are divided into
three major groups. Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are some of them.

Parenchyma cell: These are living cells with a variety of functions, ranging
from storage and support to photosynthesis and phloem (transfer cell) filling. Apart
from xylem and phloem in their vascular bundles, leaves are composed primarily of
parenchyma cells. Some parenchymal cells, as in the epidermis, are specialized in
concentrating or regulating light penetration and gas exchange, while others are
among the least specialized cells in plant tissue and may remain totipotent throughout
their lives, able to break into new undifferentiated cell populations.

Fig. 2. Parenchyma cells which have thin primarily cell wall

Source: http://content.inflibnet.ac.in/data-server/eacharya-documents/55d44ff9e41301fd23d8facc_INFIEP_203/367/ET/203-367-ET-V1-
S1__l2.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2CCEAksphVCFrjHZLrvhYPd7NBeOFAfnwNkekedZP7k2c-NkKzL40ZbdU

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 Collenchyma cells: At maturity, collenchyma cells (Figure 3) are alive and
have only a primary wall. These cells mature from meristem derivatives that mimic
parenchyma initially, but distinctions are rapidly evident. There is no growth of plastids,
and the secretory apparatus (ER and Golgi) proliferates to secrete extra primary walls.
The wall is most often the thickest in the corners where three or more cells come into
contact and the thinnest in the corners where only two cells come into contact,
although it is possible to arrange other wall thickening arrangements. Pectin and
hemicellulose are the dominant constituents of dicotyledon angiosperm collenchyma
cell walls, which can contain as little as 20 percent of Petasites' cellulose. Typically,
Collenchyma cells are very elongated and can divide to give a septate appearance
transversely. The function of this type of cell is to support the plant and confer flexibility
and tensile strength on the tissues in axes that are still increasing in length. This cell
form offers what might be considered plastic support, support that can keep a young
stem or petiole in the air, but in cells that can be stretched as the cells around them
elongate. The primary wall lacks lignin that would make it tough and rigid. A good way
to explain what collenchyma does is stretchable support (without elastic snap-back).
Collenchyma is the piece of the strings in celery (Figure 3).

Fig. 3. Typical collenchyma cells

Source: http://content.inflibnet.ac.in/data-server/eacharya-documents/55d44ff9e41301fd23d8facc_INFIEP_203/367/ET/203-367-ET-V1-
S1__l2.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2CCEAksphVCFrjHZLrvhYPd7NBeOFAfnwNkekedZP7k2c-NkKzL40ZbdU

Sclerenchyma cells: Sclerenchyma (from Greek skleros, strong) cells with a

mechanical support feature are hard and tough cells. Sclereids are of two wide types,
or stone cells and fibers. The cells build an extensive secondary cell wall on the inside
of the primary cell wall. The secondary cell wall is impregnated with Lignin, making it
tough and impermeable to water. Therefore, because these cells do not exchange
enough material to support a good metabolism, they will not survive for long. At
functional maturity, Sclerenchyma cells are usually dead and the cytoplasm is absent,
leaving an empty central cavity.

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 Fig. 4. Sclerenchyma cells with irregularly thickened cell wall.
Source: http://content.inflibnet.ac.in/data-server/eacharya-documents/55d44ff9e41301fd23d8facc_INFIEP_203/367/ET/203-367-ET-V1-
S1__l2.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2CCEAksphVCFrjHZLrvhYPd7NBeOFAfnwNkekedZP7k2c-NkKzL40ZbdU

Complex Permanent Tissue

More than one cell type is made up of diverse permanent tissues. To carry out the
same specialized tasks in the plant body, they coordinate together. They are divided into
two kinds: Xylem and Phloem. It is the duty of the xylem tissue to conduct water and
minerals from the roots to the leaves and stem. It provides the plants with support, too.
It's got 4 elements. They are tracheid, vessels, parenchymatic xylem, and fibers of xylem.
This complex permanent tissue, Phloem, leads to the translocation of food prepared by
photosynthesis in the leaves to different parts of the plant. Four elements are composed
of Phloem. There are sieve channels, cells of the friend, phloem fibers, and parenchyma
of the phloem.

Animal Cells

An animal cell is a type of eukaryotic cell in which many tissues in animal cells
are created. Animal cells are different from other eukaryotes, particularly plant cells,
because they lack cell walls and chloroplasts and have smaller vacuoles. Animal cells
can assume a variety of shapes due to the absence of a rigid cell wall, and a
phagocytic cell can also surround other structures. Many different kinds of cells exist.
For example, in the adult human body, there are approximately 210 different cell types.

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 Fig. 5. Schematic representation of typical animal cell.
Source: http://content.inflibnet.ac.in/data-server/eacharya-documents/55d44ff9e41301fd23d8facc_INFIEP_203/367/ET/203-367-ET-V1-
S1l2.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2CCEAksphVCFrjHZLrvhYPd7NBeOFAfnwNkekedZP7k2c-NkKzL40ZbdU

Cell membrane: The thin layer of protein and fat that covers the cell is the
plasma membrane, but it is within the cell wall. The cell membrane is semi-permeable,
allowing the passage into the cell of selective substances and blocking others.

Nucleus: They are spherical bodies, including the nucleolus, that contain many
organelles. The nucleus regulates and produces DNA (in chromosomes) for many of
the cell's functions (by controlling protein synthesis). The nucleus is surrounded by the
nuclear membrane and contains the nucleolus inside the nucleus, where ribosomal
RNA is produced.

Golgi apparatus: It is a flattened, layered, sac-like organelles involved in

packaging proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for export from
the cell.

Ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum: Ribosomes are tiny organelles

made up of cytoplasmic granules rich in RNA that are protein synthesis sites and
endoplasmic reticulum sites that are protein maturation sites and can be classified into
the following types:

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 a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum: This is a large system of intertwined,
membranous, folded, and convoluted sacks situated in the cytoplasm of the cell
(the outer nuclear membrane is continuous with the ER). With ribosomes that
give it a rough look, Rough ER is sealed. Raw ER passes materials through the
cell and produces proteins (sent to the Golgi body or involved in the cell
membrane) in sacks called cisternae.
b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: This is a large web of folded and convoluted
tubes that are intertwined, membranous, in the cytoplasm of the cell (the ER is
continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). The room is called the ER lumen
inside the ER. Smooth ER transport materials through the cell. It contains
enzymes and produces lipids (fats) and membrane proteins and digests them;
smooth ER buds transfer the freshly made proteins and lipids from rough ER to
the body and membranes of Golgi.

Mitochondria: These are organelles that are spherical to rod-shaped with a

double membrane. In certain cases, the inner membrane is folded, creating a
sequence of projections (called cristae). The energy contained in glucose is converted
by the mitochondria into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for the cell.

Lysosomes: a cellular organelle containing hydrolase enzymes that break

down cellular debris. You may identify them as the stomach of a cell. They are found
in animal cells, while lytic vacuoles perform the same functions in yeast and plants.
Lysosomes digest excess or worn-out organelles, pieces of food, viruses, or bacteria
that engulf them.

Centrosome: They are tiny bodies situated near the nucleus and have a thick
core and tubules that radiate. The centrosomes are where microtubules are formed.
The centrosome divides during mitosis and the two sections pass to opposite sides of
the dividing cell. Plant cell centrosomes do not have centrioles, unlike the centrosomes
in animal cells.

Peroxisomes are organelles that contain oxidative enzymes such as catalase,

urate oxidase, and D-amino acid oxidase. They can resemble a lysosome; in the Golgi
complex, however, they are not shaped. A crystalline structure inside a sac that also
contains amorphous gray content distinguishes Peroxisomes. They, like mitochondria,
are self-replicating. At a given site, components accumulate and they can be
assembled into the peroxisome. Peroxisomes act to get rid of harmful compounds,
such as hydrogen peroxide or other metabolites, from the body.

Vacuoles and vesicles: Vacuoles are single-membrane organelles found

within the cell that is part of the outside. In-plant cells, the single membrane is known
as a tonoplast. As storage areas, many species can use vacuoles. Vesicles are
much smaller than vacuoles and operate both inside and outside the cell to transport
materials.

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 Animal Tissue

There are four types of animal tissues found in animal: epithelial tissue,
connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.

A. Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial tissues line body surfaces and cavities, as well as from glands. Via
cellular junction, the cells of the tissue are closely related and since the epithelium is
located on the edges of organs, it has two distinct surfaces. The apical surface, while
the basal surfaces are adjacent to the underlying tissue, is exposed to the body cavity
or outside (see figure below). Epithelial include (non-vascular) blood vessels and are
dependent on the nutrients of the underlying connective tissue.

Fig. 6. Epithelial Tissue

Source: https://www.augusta.edu/scimath/biology/docs/animaltissues.pdf

One of three forms may be epithelial cells: squamous, cuboidal, or columnar. It

is considered a basic epithelium if the epithelium consists of one cell layer. There is
more than one layer of Stratified Epithelium. For the classification of epithelial tissue,
a combination of cell form and the number of cell layers is used. In stratified epithelium,
cell shape may vary, but the name is determined by the shape of the cells at the apical
surface.

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Simple squamous epithelium

Blood vessels (artery, vein, and nerve slide): Simple squamous epithelium
comprises the inner lining of blood vessels, where it provides a smooth surface that
reduces friction as blood travels through the vessels. The blood vessel slide show a
cross section of an artery and a vein. The wavy lining if the vessel lumen (interior) is
simple squamous epithelium.

Fig. 7. Simple squamous epithelium

Source: https://www.augusta.edu/scimath/biology/docs/animaltissues.pdf

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A single layer of cuboidal cells consists of the tubules of the kidney. The kidney
reveals several tubules in the cross section, all of which are lined with simple cuboidal
epithelium. These cells are involved in the absorption and secretion of different
substances into or from the filtrate of the kidney.

Fig. 8. Simple cuboidal epithelium (Kidney) slide

Source: https://www.augusta.edu/scimath/biology/docs/animaltissues.pdf

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Simple columnar epithelium

The intestinal lining is a plain epithelium that is columnar. Absorption of

nutrients is the key function of these cells. Notice the big, oval shaped nuclei that are
located near the basal edge of the cells as you study the slide. The big, clear goblet
cells that are interspersed in the epithelial layer should also be noted. These are
mucus secreting glandular cells that help protect the underlying tissues.

Fig. 9. Duodenum/small intestine slide

Source: https://www.augusta.edu/scimath/biology/docs/animaltissues.pdf

Stratified squamous epithelium

There are various layers of stratified squamous epithelium, with squamous cells
on the apical surface. Protection is the primary feature of this type of epithelium. Areas
that are prone to abrasion have stratified epithelium, such as the mouth, esophagus,
and skin. Cells can be scraped away on the apical surface (for example, by food
particles moving down the esophagus), but the epithelium's layered structure ensures
that the underlying tissues are covered.

Fig. 10. Esophagus/stomach slide

Source: https://www.augusta.edu/scimath/biology/docs/animaltissues.pdf

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Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

The skin epidermis (most superficial layer) is composed of stratified squamous

epithelial cells containing a significant amount of keratin protein. Keratin is a durable
fibrous protein that protects from water loss and abrasion. At the basal surface of the
epithelium, new cells are formed and are eventually forced towards the apical surface.
When they move upwards, they become filled with keratin and gradually die, creating
a layer on the apical surface of the epidermis of dead, keratin-filled cells. Examine the
slide of the palm skin, noticing the entire epidermis at the apical surface and the layer
of dead cells. The dermis that is tightly connected to the epidermis is made up of
connective tissue.

Fig. 11. Palmar skin (human skin corpuscle) slide.

Source: https://www.augusta.edu/scimath/biology/docs/animaltissues.pdf

B. Connective tissue

In their shape and function, connective tissues differ greatly, but they are all
distinguished by the presence of an extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is a
non-living material made up of protein fibers and substances from the earth. The
protein fibers are composed of collagen (which gives strength) or elastin (which gives
flexibility). Among the different types of connective tissue, the number and form of
fibers vary. Spaces between the cells and the fibers are filled by the ground material.
It includes interstitial fluid and molecules of massive polysaccharides. The consistency
of the content of the soil can differ from liquid to gel-like to solid.

Fig. 12. Palmar skin (Human skin corpuscle) slide.

Source: https://www.augusta.edu/scimath/biology/docs/animaltissues.pdf

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C. Muscle tissue

Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction. The cells are elongated and are
also known as muscle fibers. They contain the contractile proteins actin and myosin,
which interact to shorten and elongate the cells. There are three different types of
muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.

Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscles are attached to bones, and contraction of these muscles
generates body movements. The skeletal muscle fibers are long and cylindrical, with
multiple peripherally located nuclei. The cells have striations, alternating light and dark
bands that result from the ordered arrangement of actin and myosin within the cell.

Fig. 13. Skeletal muscle composite slide

Source: https://www.augusta.edu/scimath/biology/docs/animaltissues.pdf

Cardiac muscle

There are cardiac muscles in the heart. Cells are striated, but in skeletal muscle
tissue, the striations are much less evident. The cells have a single nucleus, are
shorter than skeletal muscle fibers, and are often branched. Via gap junctions and
desmosomes, individual cells are related. Under the microscope, these cellular
associations are visible as dark bands called intercalated discs. For the synchronized
beating of the heart, these cellular communication junctions are essential.

Fig. 14 Cardiac muscle (muscle composite slide)

Source: https://www.augusta.edu/scimath/biology/docs/animaltissues.pdf

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Smooth muscle

The walls of hollow organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels,
and the urinary bladder, contain smooth muscle tissue. These muscle contractions
propel fluid or substance through the organs. Smooth muscle cells are not striated
(hence the term "smooth" muscle); they have tapered ends and a single nucleus.
Examine both the smooth muscle on the composite side of the muscle and the slide
of the blood vessel. A layer of smooth muscle deep down to the epithelial layer is found
in blood vessels. The artery is deeper than the vein, but it can be seen in both.

Fig. 15. Muscle composite slide & artery, vein and nerve slide.
Source: https://www.augusta.edu/scimath/biology/docs/animaltissues.pdf

D. Nervous tissue

Nervous tissue is specialized for communication and composes the brain,

spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. It consists of two major cell types: neuron and glial
cells. Neurons communicate with each other via electrical and chemical signals. They
have nucleated cell bodies and two types of elongated cellular processes: dendrites –
which receives signals, and axons – which send signals. Glial cells are the support
cells of nervous tissue. There several different types with various functions, including
maintaining proper ion concentrations in the fluid surrounding neurons, generating
myelin (an insulating material that surrounds some axons), and cleaning up debris.

Fig. 16. Giant multipolar neuron slide

Source: https://www.augusta.edu/scimath/biology/docs/animaltissues.pdf

17
Exercise 1
Directions: Create a graphic organizer using the following concept found on the
Concept Bank. In the space provided by each rectangle, name the different cell types
of plant and animal tissue.

Concept Bank

Meristematic tissue xylem

Apical meristem phloem
permanent tissue lateral meristem
simple permanent tissue sclerenchyma cells
complex permanent tissue collenchyma cells
intercalary meristem parenchyma cells

Plant Tissue

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Exercise 2

Concept Bank

Simple cuboidal epithelium Lymph

Simple columnar epithelium Striated muscle
Stratified squamous epithelium Cartilage
Simple squamous epithelium Cardiac muscle
Keratinized stratified epithelium Connective tissue
Supportive connective tissue Non-striated muscle
Areolar Epithelial tissue
Adipose Muscular tissue
Fibrous Nervous tissue
Bone Connective tissue proper
Blood fluid connective tissue

Animal Tissue

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 Scoring Rubric

Points Description
0 Not there-not addressed

1 Needs quite a bit more work-completely lack proofing

2 Incomplete-needs work-incorrect-criterial not followed

3 Average-met requirements-proof a bit more-needs a little working

4 Some neat-most criterial followed

5 I’m impressed-all criteria followed in depth and with critical thinking-insightful

APPLICATION

A graphic organizer is a visual representation used to organized information.

To apply your learning in this lesson, make a graphic organizer summarizing the
different cell types of plant and animal tissue and specify the functions of each. Enjoy
while answering!

Cells/tissue type Description & Function Found in

Sclerenchyma cells

Adipose tissue

Glial cell

Neurons

Collenchyma cells

Epithelial cells

Parenchyma cells

Xylem

Phloem

Connective tissue

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POST-TEST

Directions: Read the questions carefully and identify what is asked. Write the letter
of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?

A. Ribosomes that synthesize protein
B. Membrane-bound cellular organelles
C. a semi-fluid region consisting of cytosol
D. Plasma membrane consisting of lipids and proteins

2. What is the purpose of the mitochondria in both plant and animal cells?
A. Provides protection
B. Packages and transports protein.
C. Stores water, and food and waste.
D. They act as the powerhouse of the cell and releases energy.

3. The diagram below shows a cell. Which of the following is correct?

A. The cell is an animal cell, structure 1 is cell membrane and structure 2
is vacuole.
B. The cell is a plant cell, structure 1 is the cell wall and structure 2 is the
chloroplast.
C. The cell is a fungal cell, structure 1 is the cell wall and structure 2 is a
mitochondrion.
D. The cell is a bacterial cell, structure 1 is the cell wall and structure 2 is a
mitochondrion.

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4. Prokaryotic organisms have the following structures:
A. Cell membrane, lysosome, ribosome
B. Plasma membrane, nucleoid, cell wall, pili
C. Ribosome, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast
D. Cell wall, centrioles, Golgi apparatus, cell membrane

5. What type of epithelial tissue is this?

A. Simple cuboidal epithelium ?
B. Simple columnar epithelium
C. Simple squamous epithelium
D. Stratified squamous epithelium

6. Which of the following statement is not true?

A. Tissues ensure the division of labor.
B. Most of the plant tissues are the supportive type.
C. Sedentary existence contributes to the organ system design in animals.
D. Organ systems are far more complex in animals than in plants.

7. Flagella of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in _____________.

A. microtubular organization and function
B. location in cell and mode of functioning
C. types of movement and placement in cell
D. microtubular organization and type of movement

8. Which statement is correct?

A. All fungi have chitin in their cell walls.
B. All algae have cellulose in their cell walls.
C. All protozoans have protein in their cell walls.
D. All bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell wall.

9. How is collenchyma and sclerenchyma tissue similar?

A. They both provide support.
B. They provide protection for the plant.
C. They both provide energy for the plant.
D. The transport material throughout the plant.

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10. What statement accurately describes this cell?
A. It is a plant cell because it has
nucleus and mitochondria.
B. It is an animal cell because it has a
nucleus and central vacuole.
C. It is a plant cell because it has a
chloroplast and a cell wall.
D. It is an animal cell because it has
both a cell membrane and a cell wall.

11. What is wrong with this diagram of a plant cell?

A. Plant cells do not contain mitochondria.
B. The cell wall and the nucleus have been
incorrectly labelled.
C. The nucleus and the chloroplast have
been labelled the wrong way around.
D. All of the above.

12. Which of the following is the major difference between plant and animal cells?
A. Only animal cells have a nucleus.
B. Plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells do not.
C. Animal cells have much larger vacuoles than plant cells.
D. Animal cells have a cell membrane and plant cells do not.

13. Which of the following best describes the characteristics of cells?

A. Prokaryotic cells are the world’s smallest cells and probably were
the first cells on Earth.
B. Eukaryotic cells have many membrane-covered organelles,
allowing many different processes to occur at the same time.
C. All plants, animals and fungi, and protists are made up of
eukaryotic cells.
D. All of the above.

14. Which of the following organelles do plant and animal have in common?
A. nucleus, chloroplast, nucleus
B. Golgi bodies, vacuoles, chloroplast
C. mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplast
D. mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies

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 15. Which of the following statement is true?
A. Both animal and plant cell contain identical structures.
B. The activities of both plant and animal cells are controlled by a nucleus.
C. Plant cells have a thick membrane that supports and protects the
plants.
D. Animal cells contain chloroplasts that store food, water and wastes.

REFLECT

You did it well! Congratulations on finishing the supplementary learning module!

You have just had an amazing learning journey and for sure, you will also do the same
in the succeeding modules.

For the last time, share your final insights by completing the following sentence
prompts. It was such a wonderful learning experience with you.

1. Let me tell you about some of the important things I’ve learned about
eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and cell types. First, I’ll start with…
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

2. One thing that I cannot forget in this module is…

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

3. Lastly, I now really know about and understand...

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

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GLOSSARY

The following terms used in this module are defined as follows for you to be guided.

Capsule a very large structure of some prokaryotic cells, such as bacterial

cells.

Chromosome a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the

nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the
form of genes.

Collenchyma in plants, support tissue of living elongated cells with irregular cell
walls.

Cytoplasm a jellylike material that makes up much of a cell inside a cell

membrane, and, in eukaryotic cells, surrounds the nucleus.

Endospore is a dormant, tough, non-reproductive structure produced by

certain bacteria from the Firmicute phylum.

Epithelium they form the covering of all the body surfaces, line body cavities
and hollow organs, and are the major tissue in glands.

Flagella primarily used for cell movement and are found in prokaryotes as
well as some eukaryotes.

Glial cells also called neuroglia, are non-neuronal cells in the central
nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral
nervous system that do not produce electrical impulses.

Keratins are a group of tough, fibrous protein that form the structural
framework of epithelial cells, which are cells that line the surfaces
and cavities of the body.

Multicellular a tissue, organ or organism that is made up of many cells.

Neurons contains a nucleus and receives incoming nerve impulses, and

axon, which carries impulses away from the cell body.

Phospholipid are molecules with hydrophilic phosphate heads and hydrophobic

lipid tails.

Plasmid a small, circular, double stranded DNA molecule that is distinct

from a cell’s chromosomal DNA.
Unicellular an organism that consists of a single cell.

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REFERENCES

Books:

Morales-Ramos, A.C; and Ramos, J. D; 2017. Exploring Life Through Science

Series General Biology 1. Phoenix Publishing House.

Basco-Tiamzon, M.A and Rabago, L.M. 2016. General Biology 1 Teacher’s

Manual. Published by Vibal Group, Inc.

Online Resources:

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-cells/hs
prokaryotes-and-eukaryotes/a/prokaryotic-cells

https://biologydictionary.net/eukaryotic-cell/

https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biolog
y/Book%3A_Introductory_Biology_(CK12)/02%3A_Cell_Biology/2.03%3
A_Prokaryotic_and_Eukaryotic_Cells

https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/tissues/permanent-tissue/

https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/tissues/meristematic-tissue/

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Surigao del Norte

Peñaranda St., Surigao City
Surigao del Norte, Philippines 8400
Tel. No: (086) 826-8216
Email Address: surigao.delnorte@deped.gov.ph

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