?advanced Math Sat (With Explanations) ?

Question ID 58b109d4
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 58b109d4
The solution to the given system of equations is . What is the value of ?
ID: 58b109d4 Answer

Correct Answer: -10
Rationale
The correct answer is -10. Adding 𝑦 to both sides of the second equation in the given system yields 20𝑥 + 100 = 𝑦.
Substituting 20𝑥 + 100 for 𝑦 in the first equation in the given system yields 𝑥2 + 20𝑥 + 100 + 7 = 7. Subtracting 7 from
both sides of this equation yields 𝑥2 + 20𝑥 + 100 = 0. Factoring the left-hand side of this equation yields
𝑥 + 10𝑥 + 10 = 0, or 𝑥 + 102 = 0. Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields 𝑥 + 10 = 0. Subtracting 10
from both sides of this equation yields 𝑥 = - 10. Therefore, the value of 𝑥 is -10.
Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 91e7ea5e
SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions
ID: 91e7ea5e
The quadratic function h is defined as shown. In the xy-plane, the graph of

intersects the x-axis at the points and , where t is a constant.
What is the value of t ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 8
ID: 91e7ea5e Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the graph of intersects the x-axis at and , where t is a constant.
Since this graph intersects the x-axis when or when , it follows that and . If ,
then . Adding 32 to both sides of this equation yields . Dividing both sides of this
equation by 2 yields . Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields . Adding 4 to
both sides of this equation yields . Therefore, the value of t is 8.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from calculation errors.

Question ID 3a9d60b2

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 3a9d60b2
What is the positive solution to the given equation?
ID: 3a9d60b2 Answer

Correct Answer: 9
Rationale
The correct answer is 9. The given equation can be rewritten as 54 - 𝑥 = 25. Dividing each side of this equation by 5
yields 4 - 𝑥 = 5. By the definition of absolute value, if 4 - 𝑥 = 5, then 4 - 𝑥 = 5 or 4 - 𝑥 = - 5. Subtracting 4 from each
side of the equation 4 - 𝑥 = 5 yields -𝑥 = 1. Dividing each side of this equation by -1 yields 𝑥 = - 1. Similarly,
subtracting 4 from each side of the equation 4 - 𝑥 = - 5 yields -𝑥 = - 9. Dividing each side of this equation by -1
yields 𝑥 = 9. Therefore, since the two solutions to the given equation are -1 and 9, the positive solution to the given
equation is 9.

Question ID 8490cc45
ID: 8490cc45
The function is defined by . What is the y-intercept of the graph of in the xy-plane?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 8490cc45 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane occurs at the point on the graph where
𝑥 = 0. In other words, when 𝑥 = 0, the corresponding value of 𝑓𝑥 is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept. Substituting 0
for 𝑥 in the given equation yields 𝑓0 = -820 + 22, which is equivalent to 𝑓0 = -81 + 22, or 𝑓0 = 14. Thus, when 𝑥 = 0,
the corresponding value of 𝑓𝑥 is 14. Therefore, the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is 0, 14.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice D is incorrect. This could be the y-intercept for 𝑓𝑥 = -82𝑥 , not 𝑓𝑥 = -82𝑥 + 22.

Question ID ba0edc30

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: ba0edc30
One solution to the given equation can be written as , where is a constant. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ba0edc30 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Adding 9 to each side of the given equation yields 𝑥2 - 2𝑥 = 9. To complete the square, adding 1 to
2
each side of this equation yields 𝑥2 - 2𝑥 + 1 = 9 + 1, or 𝑥 - 1 = 10. Taking the square root of each side of this equation
yields 𝑥 - 1 = ± √10 . Adding 1 to each side of this equation yields 𝑥 = 1 ± √10 . Since it's given that one of the
solutions to the equation can be written as 1 + √𝑘 , the value of 𝑘 must be 10.
Alternate approach: It's given that 1 + √𝑘 is a solution to the given equation. It follows that 𝑥 = 1 + √𝑘 . Substituting
2
1 + √𝑘 for 𝑥 in the given equation yields 1 + √𝑘 - 21 + √𝑘 - 9 = 0, or 1 + √𝑘 1 + √𝑘 - 21 + √𝑘 - 9 = 0. Expanding the
products on the left-hand side of this equation yields 1 + 2√𝑘 + 𝑘 - 2 - 2√𝑘 - 9 = 0, or 𝑘 - 10 = 0. Adding 10 to each side
of this equation yields 𝑘 = 10.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question ID fc3d783a

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: fc3d783a
In the -plane, a line with equation intersects a parabola at exactly one point. If the parabola has equation
, where is a positive constant, what is the value of ?
ID: fc3d783a Answer

Correct Answer: 6
Rationale
The correct answer is 6. It’s given that a line with equation 2𝑦 = 4 . 5 intersects a parabola with equation
𝑦 = - 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥, where 𝑏 is a positive constant, at exactly one point in the xy-plane. It follows that the system of
equations consisting of 2𝑦 = 4 . 5 and 𝑦 = - 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 has exactly one solution. Dividing both sides of the equation of
the line by 2 yields 𝑦 = 2 . 25. Substituting 2.25 for 𝑦 in the equation of the parabola yields 2 . 25 = - 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥. Adding
4𝑥2 and subtracting 𝑏𝑥 from both sides of this equation yields 4𝑥2 - 𝑏𝑥 + 2 . 25 = 0. A quadratic equation in the form of
𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, has exactly one solution when the discriminant, 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐, is equal to
2
zero. Substituting 4 for 𝑎 and 2.25 for 𝑐 in the expression 𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐 and setting this expression equal to 0 yields
𝑏2 - 4 ( 4 ) ( 2 . 25 ) = 0, or 𝑏2 - 36 = 0. Adding 36 to each side of this equation yields 𝑏2 = 36. Taking the square root of
each side of this equation yields 𝑏 = ± 6. It’s given that 𝑏 is positive, so the value of 𝑏 is 6.

Question ID a9084ca4
ID: a9084ca4
The given function models the number of advertisements a company sent to its clients each year, where represents the
number of years since , and . If is graphed in the xy-plane, which of the following is the best
interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph in this context?
A. The minimum estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients during the years was .
B. The minimum estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients during the years was .
C. The estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients in was .
D. The estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its clients in was .
ID: a9084ca4 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The y-intercept of a graph in the xy-plane is the point where 𝑥 = 0. For the given function 𝑓,
the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane can be found by substituting 0 for 𝑥 in the equation
𝑦 = 9,0000.66 , which gives 𝑦 = 9,0000.66 . This is equivalent to 𝑦 = 9,0001, or 𝑦 = 9,000. Therefore, the y-intercept of
𝑥 0
the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is 0, 9,000. It’s given that the function 𝑓 models the number of advertisements a company sent to
its clients each year. Therefore, 𝑓𝑥 represents the estimated number of advertisements the company sent to its
clients each year. It's also given that 𝑥 represents the number of years since 1997. Therefore, 𝑥 = 0 represents 0 years
since 1997, or 1997. Thus, the best interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is that the estimated
number of advertisements the company sent to its clients in 1997 was 9,000.

Question ID 2c6f214f
ID: 2c6f214f
The first term of a sequence is . Each term after the first is times the preceding term. If represents the th term of the
sequence, which equation gives in terms of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2c6f214f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since 𝑤 represents the 𝑛th term of the sequence and 9 is the first term of the sequence, the value
of 𝑤 is 9 when the value of 𝑛 is 1. Since each term after the first is 4 times the preceding term, the value of 𝑤 is 94
2
when the value of 𝑛 is 2. Therefore, the value of 𝑤 is 944, or 94 , when the value of 𝑛 is 3. More generally, the value of
𝑛-1 𝑛-1
𝑤 is 94 for a given value of 𝑛. Therefore, the equation 𝑤 = 94 gives 𝑤 in terms of 𝑛.
Choice A is incorrect. This equation describes a sequence for which the first term is 36, rather than 9, and each term
after the first is 9, rather than 4, times the preceding term.
Choice B is incorrect. This equation describes a sequence for which the first term is 4, rather than 9, and each term
after the first is 9, rather than 4, times the preceding term.
Choice C is incorrect. This equation describes a sequence for which the first term is 36, rather than 9.

Question ID 4661e2a9

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 4661e2a9
Which ordered pair is a solution to the

system of equations above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 4661e2a9 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The solution to the given system of equations can be found by solving the first equation for x,
which gives , and substituting that value of x into the second equation which gives .
Rewriting this equation by adding like terms and expanding gives . Subtracting from
both sides of this equation gives . Adding to 2 to both sides of this equation gives . Therefore, it
follows that . Substituting for y in the first equation yields . Adding to both sides of
this equation yields . Therefore, the ordered pair is a solution to the given system of
equations.
Choice B is incorrect. Substituting for x and for y in the first equation yields , or
, which isn’t a true statement. Choice C is incorrect. Substituting for x and for y in the second equation
yields , or , which isn’t a true statement. Choice D is incorrect.
Substituting for x and for y in the second equation yields , or

, which isn’t a true statement.
Question ID 371cbf6b
SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent

expressions
ID: 371cbf6b
The equation above is true for all x, where a and b are

constants. What is the value of ab ?
A. 18
B. 20
C. 24
D. 40
ID: 371cbf6b Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. If the equation is true for all x, then the expressions on both sides of the equation will be
equivalent. Multiplying the polynomials on the left-hand side of the equation gives
. On the right-hand side of the equation, the only -term is . Since the
expressions on both sides of the equation are equivalent, it follows that , which can be
rewritten as . Therefore, , which gives .
Choice A is incorrect. If , then the coefficient of on the left-hand side of the equation would be
, which doesn’t equal the coefficient of , , on the right-hand side. Choice B is incorrect. If
, then the coefficient of on the left-hand side of the equation would be , which doesn’t
equal the coefficient of , , on the right-hand side. Choice D is incorrect. If , then the coefficient of on
the left-hand side of the equation would be , which doesn’t equal the coefficient of , , on the
right-hand side.

Question ID c3b116d7

expressions
ID: c3b116d7
Which of the following expressions is(are) a factor of ?

I.
II.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. Neither I nor II
ID: c3b116d7 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The given expression can be factored by first finding two values whose sum is 20 and whose
product is 3-63, or -189. Those two values are 27 and -7. It follows that the given expression can be rewritten as
3𝑥2 + 27𝑥 - 7𝑥 - 63. Since the first two terms of this expression have a common factor of 3𝑥 and the last two terms of
this expression have a common factor of -7, this expression can be rewritten as 3𝑥𝑥 + 9 - 7𝑥 + 9. Since the two terms
of this expression have a common factor of 𝑥 + 9, it can be rewritten as 3𝑥 - 7𝑥 + 9. Therefore, expression II, 3𝑥 - 7, is a
factor of 3𝑥2 + 20𝑥 - 63, but expression I, 𝑥 - 9, is not a factor of 3𝑥2 + 20𝑥 - 63.

Question ID b8f13a3a
ID: b8f13a3a
Function is defined by , where and are constants. In the xy-plane, the graph of has a y-
intercept at . The product of and is . What is the value of ?
ID: b8f13a3a Answer

Correct Answer: 20
Rationale
The correct answer is 20. It’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏. Substituting -𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 - 12 yields
75 75
𝑦 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 - 12. It’s given that the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 - 12 is 0, -
. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and - for 𝑦 in
7 7
75 75 75
the equation 𝑦 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 - 12 yields - = - 𝑎0 + 𝑏 - 12, which is equivalent to - = - 1 + 𝑏 - 12, or - = 𝑏 - 13. Adding
7 7 7
16 320 320 16
13 to both sides of this equation yields = 𝑏. It’s given that the product of 𝑎 and 𝑏 is , or 𝑎𝑏 = . Substituting
7 7 7 7
16 320 16
for 𝑏 in this equation yields 𝑎 = . Dividing both sides of this equation by yields 𝑎 = 20.
7 7 7

Question ID 40c09d66

expressions
ID: 40c09d66
If for all positive values of x,
what is the value of ?
ID: 40c09d66 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is . The value of can be found by first rewriting the left-hand side of the given equation as
. Using the properties of exponents, this expression can be rewritten as . This expression can be
rewritten by subtracting the fractions in the exponent, which yields . Thus, is . Note that 7/6, 1.166, and
1.167 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID f65288e8

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: f65288e8
If x is a solution to the given equation, which of the

following is a possible value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: f65288e8 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The given equation can be rewritten as . Multiplying both sides of this equation by
yields . Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields . Taking the square root of
both sides of this equation yields or . Therefore, a possible value of is .
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from computational or conceptual errors.

Question ID 7902bed0
ID: 7902bed0
A machine launches a softball from ground level. The softball reaches a maximum height of meters above the ground
at seconds and hits the ground at seconds. Which equation represents the height above ground , in meters, of the
softball seconds after it is launched?
A.
B.
C. msup
D. msup
ID: 7902bed0 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. An equation representing the height above ground ℎ, in meters, of a softball 𝑡 seconds after it is
2
launched by a machine from ground level can be written in the form ℎ = - 𝑎𝑡 - 𝑏 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are positive
constants. In this equation, 𝑏 represents the time, in seconds, at which the softball reaches its maximum height of 𝑐
meters above the ground. It's given that this softball reaches a maximum height of 51.84 meters above the ground at
2
1.8 seconds; therefore, 𝑏 = 1.8 and 𝑐 = 51.84. Substituting 1.8 for 𝑏 and 51.84 for 𝑐 in the equation ℎ = - 𝑎𝑡 - 𝑏 + 𝑐
2
yields ℎ = - 𝑎𝑡 - 1.8 + 51.84. It's also given that this softball hits the ground at 3.6 seconds; therefore, ℎ = 0 when
2 2
𝑡 = 3.6. Substituting 0 for ℎ and 3.6 for 𝑡 in the equation ℎ = - 𝑎𝑡 - 1.8 + 51.84 yields 0 = - 𝑎3.6 - 1.8 + 51.84, which is
2
equivalent to 0 = - 𝑎1.8 + 51.84, or 0 = - 3.24𝑎 + 51.84. Adding 3.24𝑎 to both sides of this equation yields
3.24𝑎 = 51.84. Dividing both sides of this equation by 3.24 yields 𝑎 = 16. Substituting 16 for 𝑎 in the equation
2 2 2
ℎ = - 𝑎𝑡 - 1.8 + 51.84 yields ℎ = - 16𝑡 - 1.8 + 51.84. Therefore, ℎ = - 16𝑡 - 1.8 + 51.84 represents the height above
ground ℎ, in meters, of this softball 𝑡 seconds after it is launched.
Choice A is incorrect. This equation represents a situation where the maximum height is 3.6 meters above the
ground at 0 seconds, not 51.84 meters above the ground at 1.8 seconds.
Choice B is incorrect. This equation represents a situation where the maximum height is 51.84 meters above the
ground at 0 seconds, not 1.8 seconds.

Question ID 4a0d0399
ID: 4a0d0399
The function is defined by , where and are constants. In the -plane, the graph of has an -
intercept at and a -intercept at . What is the value of ?
ID: 4a0d0399 Answer

Correct Answer: -324
Rationale
The correct answer is -324. It's given that the function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are constants. It's
also given that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 has a y-intercept at 0, - 323. It follows that 𝑓0 = - 323. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and
-323 for 𝑓𝑥 in 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 yields -323 = 𝑎0 + 𝑏, or -323 = 1 + 𝑏. Subtracting 1 from each side of this equation yields
-324 = 𝑏. Therefore, the value of 𝑏 is -324.

Question ID f2f3fa00

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: f2f3fa00
During a 5-second time interval, the average acceleration a, in meters per second
squared, of an object with an initial velocity of 12 meters per second is defined by
the equation , where vf is the final velocity of the object in
meters per second. If the equation is rewritten in the form vf = xa + y, where x and
y are constants, what is the value of x ?
ID: f2f3fa00 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 5. The given equation can be rewritten in the form , like so:
It follows that the value of x is 5 and the value of y is 12.

Question ID 9654add7
ID: 9654add7
The revenue , in dollars, that a company receives from sales of a product is
given by the function f above, where x is the unit price, in dollars, of the product.
The graph of in the xy-plane intersects the x-axis at 0 and a. What does a
represent?
A. The revenue, in dollars, when the unit price of the product is $0
B. The unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in maximum revenue
C. The unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in a revenue of $0
D. The maximum revenue, in dollars, that the company can make
ID: 9654add7 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. By definition, the y-value when a function intersects the x-axis is 0. It’s given that the graph of
the function intersects the x-axis at 0 and a, that x is the unit price, in dollars, of a product, and that , where
, is the revenue, in dollars, that a company receives from the sales of the product. Since the value of a
occurs when , a is the unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in a revenue of $0.
Choice A is incorrect. The revenue, in dollars, when the unit price of the product is $0 is represented by , when
. Choice B is incorrect. The unit price, in dollars, of the product that will result in maximum revenue is
represented by the x-coordinate of the maximum of f. Choice D is incorrect. The maximum revenue, in dollars, that
the company can make is represented by the y-coordinate of the maximum of f.

Question ID 34847f8a

expressions
ID: 34847f8a
The equation above is true for all , where r and t are positive
constants. What is the value of rt ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 34847f8a Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. To express the sum of the two rational expressions on the left-hand side of the equation as the
single rational expression on the right-hand side of the equation, the expressions on the left-hand side must have
the same denominator. Multiplying the first expression by results in , and multiplying the
second expression by results in , so the given equation can be rewritten as
, or . Since the two

rational expressions on the left-hand side of the equation have the same denominator as the rational expression on
the right-hand side of the equation, it follows that . Combining like terms on the left-
hand side yields , so it follows that and . Therefore, the value of is .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from an error when determining the sign of either r or t. Choice B is incorrect
and may result from not distributing the 2 and 3 to their respective terms in
. Choice D is incorrect and may result from a calculation error.

Question ID 263f9937
ID: 263f9937
Growth of a Culture of Bacteria
Number of bacteria per
Day
milliliter at end of day
A culture of bacteria is growing at an exponential rate, as shown in the table above.

At this rate, on which day would the number of bacteria per milliliter reach
?
A. Day 5
B. Day 9
C. Day 11
D. Day 12
ID: 263f9937 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The number of bacteria per milliliter is doubling each day. For example, from day 1 to day 2, the
5 5
number of bacteria increased from 2.5 × 10 to 5.0 × 10 . At the end of day 3 there are 10
6 bacteria per milliliter. At
6 6 6
the end of day 4, there will be 10 × 2 bacteria per milliliter. At the end of day 5, there will be (10 × 2) × 2, or 10 ×
2 6 d – 3). If the
(2 ) bacteria per milliliter, and so on. At the end of day d, the number of bacteria will be 10 × (2
8
number of bacteria per milliliter will reach 5.12 × 10 at the end of day d, then the equation
8 6
must hold. Since 5.12 × 10 can be rewritten as 512 × 10 , the equation is equivalent to
. Rewriting 512 as 2
9 gives d – 3 = 9, so d = 12. The number of bacteria per milliliter would reach 5.12 ×
8
10 at the end of day 12.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Given the growth rate of the bacteria, the number of bacteria will not reach 5.12 ×
8
10 per milliliter by the end of any of these days.

Question ID 137cc6fd

expressions
ID: 137cc6fd
For what value of is the given expression equivalent to , where ?
ID: 137cc6fd Answer

Correct Answer: .0177, .0178, 4/225
Rationale
4
The correct answer is 225
. An expression of the form 𝑘√𝑎 , where 𝑘 is an integer greater than 1 and 𝑎 ≥ 0, is equivalent
1 1 12
to 𝑎 . Therefore, the given expression, where 𝑛 > 1, is equivalent to 70𝑛 5 70𝑛 6 . Applying properties of exponents,
𝑘
1 1 1 1 1 1 8
this expression can be rewritten as 70𝑛 5 70𝑛 6 · 2 , or 70𝑛 5 70𝑛 3 , which can be rewritten as 70𝑛 5 + 3 , or 70𝑛 15 . It's given
2 8
that the expression 5√70𝑛 6√70𝑛 is equivalent to 70𝑛30𝑥 , where 𝑛 > 1. It follows that 70𝑛 15 is equivalent to 70𝑛30𝑥 .
8 8 4
Therefore, = 30𝑥. Dividing both sides of this equation by 30 yields = 𝑥, or = 𝑥. Thus, the value of 𝑥 for which
15 450 225
30𝑥 4
the given expression is equivalent to 70𝑛 , where 𝑛 > 1, is 225
. Note that 4/225, .0177, .0178, 0.017, and 0.018 are
examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 6ce95fc8

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 6ce95fc8
Which of the following is a solution to

the equation above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 6ce95fc8 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. A quadratic equation in the form , where a, b, and c are constants, can be
solved using the quadratic formula: . Subtracting from both sides of the given equation
yields . Applying the quadratic formula, where , , and , yields
. This can be rewritten as . Since , or , the
equation can be rewritten as . Dividing 2 from both the numerator and denominator yields
or . Of these two solutions, only is present among the choices. Thus, the correct choice is D.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from a computational or conceptual error. Choice B is incorrect and may result
from using instead of as the quadratic formula. Choice C is incorrect

and may result from rewriting as instead of .

Question ID 4dd4efcf
ID: 4dd4efcf
In the given quadratic function, and are constants. The graph of in the xy-plane is a parabola that opens
upward and has a vertex at the point , where and are constants. If and , which of the
following must be true?
I.
II.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. Neither I nor II
ID: 4dd4efcf Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is a parabola with vertex ℎ, 𝑘. If 𝑓-9 = 𝑓3, then
for the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥, the point with an x-coordinate of -9 and the point with an x-coordinate of 3 have the same y-
coordinate. In the xy-plane, a parabola is a symmetric graph such that when two points have the same y-coordinate,
these points are equidistant from the vertex, and the x-coordinate of the vertex is halfway between the x-
coordinates of these two points. Therefore, for the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥, the points with x-coordinates -9 and 3 are
equidistant from the vertex, ℎ, 𝑘, and ℎ is halfway between -9 and 3. The value that is halfway between -9 and 3 is
-9 + 3
, or -3. Therefore, ℎ = - 3. The equation defining 𝑓 can also be written in vertex form, 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘. Substituting
2
2 2
-3 for ℎ in this equation yields 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - -3 + 𝑘, or 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 3 + 𝑘. This equation is equivalent to
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑘, or 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 6𝑎𝑥 + 9𝑎 + 𝑘. Since 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 𝑐, it follows that 6𝑎 = 4 and 9𝑎 + 𝑘 = 𝑐. Dividing
4 2 2
both sides of the equation 6𝑎 = 4 by 6 yields 𝑎 = 6 , or 𝑎 = 3 . Since 3
< 1, it's not true that 𝑎 ≥ 1. Therefore, statement
2 2
II isn't true. Substituting for 𝑎 in the equation 9𝑎 + 𝑘 = 𝑐 yields 9 + 𝑘 = 𝑐, or 6 + 𝑘 = 𝑐. Subtracting 6 from both
3 3
sides of this equation yields 𝑘 = 𝑐 - 6. If 𝑘 < 0, then 𝑐 - 6 < 0, or 𝑐 < 6. Since 𝑐 could be any value less than 6, it's not
necessarily true that 𝑐 < 0. Therefore, statement I isn't necessarily true. Thus, neither I nor II must be true.

Question ID f5aa5040

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: f5aa5040
In the xy-plane, a line with equation for some constant intersects a parabola at exactly one point. If the parabola
has equation , what is the value of ?
ID: f5aa5040 Answer

Correct Answer: 20.25, 81/4
Rationale
81 𝑐
. The given linear equation is 2𝑦 = 𝑐. Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 yields 𝑦 = 2 .
𝑐 𝑐
Substituting for 𝑦 in the equation of the parabola yields = - 2𝑥2 + 9𝑥. Adding 2𝑥2 and -9𝑥 to both sides of this
2 2
𝑐
equation yields 2𝑥2 - 9𝑥 + 2 = 0. Since it’s given that the line and the parabola intersect at exactly one point, the
𝑐
equation 2𝑥2 - 9𝑥 + = 0 must have exactly one solution. An equation of the form 𝐴𝑥2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0, where 𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐶
2
𝑐
are constants, has exactly one solution when the discriminant, 𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶, is equal to 0. In the equation 2𝑥2 - 9𝑥 + 2 = 0,
𝑐 2 𝑐 2 𝑐
where 𝐴 = 2, 𝐵 = - 9, and 𝐶 = 2 , the discriminant is -9 - 42 2 . Setting the discriminant equal to 0 yields -9 - 42 2 = 0,
or 81 - 4𝑐 = 0. Adding 4𝑐 to both sides of this equation yields 81 = 4𝑐. Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields
81
𝑐 = . Note that 81/4 and 20.25 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
4

Question ID 841ef26c
ID: 841ef26c
The function is defined by . For what value of does reach its minimum?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 841ef26c Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It's given that 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 5. Since 𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥2 + 64𝑥 + 262, it follows that
2 2
𝑓𝑥 + 5 = 4𝑥 + 5 + 64𝑥 + 5 + 262. Expanding the quantity 𝑥 + 5 in this equation yields
𝑓𝑥 + 5 = 4𝑥2 + 10𝑥 + 25 + 64𝑥 + 5 + 262. Distributing the 4 and the 64 yields
𝑓𝑥 + 5 = 4𝑥2 + 40𝑥 + 100 + 64𝑥 + 320 + 262. Combining like terms yields 𝑓𝑥 + 5 = 4𝑥2 + 104𝑥 + 682. Therefore,
𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥2 + 104𝑥 + 682. For a quadratic function defined by an equation of the form 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘
are constants and 𝑎 is positive, 𝑔𝑥 reaches its minimum, 𝑘, when the value of 𝑥 is ℎ. The equation
𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥2 + 104𝑥 + 682 can be rewritten in this form by completing the square. This equation is equivalent to
𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥2 + 26 + 682, or 𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥2 + 26𝑥 + 169 - 169 + 682. This equation can be rewritten as 𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 132 - 169 + 682,
2 2 2
or 𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 13 - 4169 + 682, which is equivalent to 𝑔𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 13 + 6. This equation is in the form 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘,
where 𝑎 = 4, ℎ = - 13, and 𝑘 = 6. Therefore, 𝑔𝑥 reaches its minimum when the value of 𝑥 is -13.
Choice B is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑥, rather than 𝑔𝑥, reaches its minimum.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑥 - 5, rather than 𝑓𝑥 + 5, reaches its minimum.

Question ID ea6d05bb

expressions
ID: ea6d05bb
The expression is equivalent to the expression , where , , and are constants. What is
the value of ?
ID: ea6d05bb Answer

Rationale
The correct answer is -419. It's given that the expression 3𝑥 - 2319𝑥 + 6 is equivalent to the expression 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐,
where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants. Applying the distributive property to the given expression, 3𝑥 - 2319𝑥 + 6, yields
3𝑥19𝑥 + 3𝑥6 - 2319𝑥 - 236, which can be rewritten as 57𝑥2 + 18𝑥 - 437𝑥 - 138. Combining like terms yields
57𝑥2 - 419𝑥 - 138. Since this expression is equivalent to 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, it follows that the value of 𝑏 is -419.


expressions
ID: 433184f1
Which expression is equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 433184f1 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
4 1 4 -1
Choice D is correct. The expression - can be rewritten as + . To add the two terms of this
4𝑥 - 5 𝑥+1 4𝑥 - 5 𝑥+1
𝑥+1 4
expression, the terms can be rewritten with a common denominator. Since 𝑥 + 1 = 1, the expression 4𝑥 - 5 can be
𝑥 + 14 4𝑥 - 5 -1 4𝑥 - 5-1
rewritten as . Since = 1, the expression can be rewritten as . Therefore, the expression
𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5 4𝑥 - 5 𝑥+1 4𝑥 - 5𝑥 + 1
4 -1 𝑥 + 14 4𝑥 - 5-1 𝑥 + 14 + 4𝑥 - 5-1
4𝑥 - 5
+ 𝑥 + 1 can be rewritten as 𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5 + 4𝑥 - 5𝑥 + 1 , which is equivalent to 𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5 . Applying the distributive
4𝑥 + 4 + -4𝑥 + 5 4𝑥 + -4𝑥 + 4 + 5
property to each term of the numerator yields , or . Adding like terms in the numerator
𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5 𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5
9
yields 𝑥 + 14𝑥 - 5 .

Question ID d135f4bf
ID: d135f4bf
The function is defined by . In the xy-plane, the graph of is the result of

translating the graph of up units. What is the value of ?
ID: d135f4bf Answer

Correct Answer: 76
Rationale
The correct answer is 76. It's given that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 is the result of translating the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 up 4 units
in the xy-plane. It follows that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 is the same as the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4. Substituting 𝑔𝑥 for 𝑦 in the
equation 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4 yields 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4. It's given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 2𝑥 + 6. Substituting 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 2𝑥 + 6 for 𝑓𝑥 in the
equation 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4 yields 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 2𝑥 + 6 + 4. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in this equation yields 𝑔0 = 0 - 60 - 20 + 6 + 4,
or 𝑔0 = 76. Thus, the value of 𝑔0 is 76.

Question ID d8789a4c

expressions
ID: d8789a4c
In the expression above, b and c are positive integers. If the expression is

equivalent to and , which of the following could be the value of c ?
A. 4
B. 6
C. 8
D. 10
ID: d8789a4c Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. If the given expression is equivalent to , then , where x isn’t equal to b.
Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields . Since the right-hand side of this
equation is in factored form for the difference of squares, the value of c must be a perfect square. Only choice A gives
a perfect square for the value of c.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. None of these values of c produces a difference of squares. For example, when 6 is
substituted for c in the given expression, the result is . The expression can’t be factored with integer
values, and therefore isn’t equivalent to .

Question ID d0a53ef5

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: d0a53ef5
What is the smallest solution to the given equation?
ID: d0a53ef5 Answer

Correct Answer: -3
Rationale
The correct answer is -3. Squaring both sides of the given equation yields 𝑥 - 22 = 3𝑥 + 34, which can be rewritten as
𝑥2 - 4𝑥 + 4 = 3𝑥 + 34. Subtracting 3𝑥 and 34 from both sides of this equation yields 𝑥2 - 7𝑥 - 30 = 0. This quadratic
equation can be rewritten as 𝑥 - 10𝑥 + 3 = 0. According to the zero product property, 𝑥 - 10𝑥 + 3 equals zero when
either 𝑥 - 10 = 0 or 𝑥 + 3 = 0. Solving each of these equations for 𝑥 yields 𝑥 = 10 or 𝑥 = - 3. Therefore, the given
equation has two solutions, 10 and -3. Of these two solutions, -3 is the smallest solution to the given equation.

Question ID 271ffad7
ID: 271ffad7
A quadratic function models a projectile's height, in meters, above the ground in terms of the time, in seconds, after it was
launched. The model estimates that the projectile was launched from an initial height of meters above the ground and
reached a maximum height of meters above the ground seconds after the launch. How many seconds after the launch
does the model estimate that the projectile will return to a height of meters?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 271ffad7 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It's given that a quadratic function models the projectile's height, in meters, above the ground in
terms of the time, in seconds, after it was launched. It follows that an equation representing the model can be
2
written in the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑓𝑥 is the projectile's estimated height above the ground, in meters, 𝑥
seconds after the launch, 𝑎 is a constant, and 𝑘 is the maximum height above the ground, in meters, the model
estimates the projectile reached ℎ seconds after the launch. It's given that the model estimates the projectile
reached a maximum height of 51.1 meters above the ground 3 seconds after the launch. Therefore, 𝑘 = 51.1 and ℎ = 3
. Substituting 51.1 for 𝑘 and 3 for ℎ in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘 yields 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 32 + 51.1. It's also given that the
model estimates that the projectile was launched from an initial height of 7 meters above the ground. Therefore,
when 𝑥 = 0, 𝑓𝑥 = 7. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and 7 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 32 + 51.1 yields 7 = 𝑎0 - 32 + 51.1, or
7 = 9𝑎 + 51.1. Subtracting 51.1 from both sides of this equation yields -44.1 = 9𝑎. Dividing both sides of this equation
2 2
by 9 yields -4.9 = 𝑎. Substituting -4.9 for 𝑎 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 3 + 51.1 yields 𝑓𝑥 = - 4.9𝑥 - 3 + 51.1. Therefore,
the equation 𝑓𝑥 = - 4.9𝑥 - 32 + 51.1 models the projectile's height, in meters, above the ground 𝑥 seconds after it was
launched. The number of seconds after the launch that the model estimates that the projectile will return to a height
2 2
of 7 meters is the value of 𝑥 when 𝑓𝑥 = 7. Substituting 7 for 𝑓𝑥 in 𝑓𝑥 = - 4.9𝑥 - 3 + 51.1 yields 7 = - 4.9𝑥 - 3 + 51.1.
Subtracting 51.1 from both sides of this equation yields -44.1 = - 4.9𝑥 - 32 . Dividing both sides of this equation by -4.9
2
yields 9 = 𝑥 - 3 . Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields two equations: 3 = 𝑥 - 3 and -3 = 𝑥 - 3.
Adding 3 to both sides of the equation 3 = 𝑥 - 3 yields 6 = 𝑥. Adding 3 to both sides of the equation -3 = 𝑥 - 3 yields
0 = 𝑥. Since 0 seconds after the launch represents the time at which the projectile was launched, 6 must be the
number of seconds the model estimates that the projectile will return to a height of 7 meters.
Alternate approach: It's given that a quadratic function models the projectile's height, in meters, above the ground in
terms of the time, in seconds, after it was launched. It's also given that the model estimates that the projectile was
launched from an initial height of 7 meters above the ground and reached a maximum height of 51.1 meters above
the ground 3 seconds after the launch. Since the model is quadratic, and quadratic functions are symmetric, the
model estimates that for any given height less than the maximum height, the time the projectile takes to travel from
the given height to the maximum height is the same as the time the projectile takes to travel from the maximum
height back to the given height. Thus, since the model estimates the projectile took 3 seconds to travel from 7
meters above the ground to its maximum height of 51.1 meters above the ground, the model also estimates the
projectile will take 3 more seconds to travel from its maximum height of 51.1 meters above the ground back to 7
meters above the ground. Thus, the model estimates that the projectile will return to a height of 7 meters 3 seconds
after it reaches its maximum height, which is 6 seconds after the launch.
Choice A is incorrect. The model estimates that 3 seconds after the launch, the projectile reached a height of 51.1
meters, not 7 meters.

Question ID ee857afb
ID: ee857afb
The given equation relates the variables and . For what value of does the value of reach its minimum?
ID: ee857afb Answer

Correct Answer: 7
Rationale
The correct answer is 7. When an equation is of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, the value of
𝑏
𝑦 reaches its minimum when 𝑥 = - 2𝑎 . Since the given equation is of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, it follows that 𝑎 = 1,
-14
𝑏 = - 14, and 𝑐 = 22. Therefore, the value of 𝑦 reaches its minimum when 𝑥 = - 21
, or 𝑥 = 7.

Question ID 2c05d312

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 2c05d312
In the given equation, and are positive constants. The product of the solutions to the given equation is , where is a
constant. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2c05d312 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The left-hand side of the given equation is the expression 57𝑥2 + 57𝑏 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏. Applying the
distributive property to this expression yields 57𝑥2 + 57𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏. Since the first two terms of this expression
have a common factor of 57𝑥 and the last two terms of this expression have a common factor of 𝑎, this expression
can be rewritten as 57𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏. Since the two terms of this expression have a common factor of 𝑥 + 𝑏, it can be
rewritten as 𝑥 + 𝑏57𝑥 + 𝑎. Therefore, the given equation can be rewritten as 𝑥 + 𝑏57𝑥 + 𝑎 = 0. By the zero product
property, it follows that 𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0 or 57𝑥 + 𝑎 = 0. Subtracting 𝑏 from both sides of the equation 𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0 yields 𝑥 = - 𝑏.
Subtracting 𝑎 from both sides of the equation 57𝑥 + 𝑎 = 0 yields 57𝑥 = - 𝑎. Dividing both sides of this equation by 57
-𝑎 -𝑎
yields 𝑥 = . Therefore, the solutions to the given equation are -𝑏 and . It follows that the product of the solutions
57 57
-𝑎 𝑎𝑏
of the given equation is -𝑏 57 , or 57
. It’s given that the product of the solutions of the given equation is 𝑘𝑎𝑏. It follows
𝑎𝑏 1
that = 𝑘𝑎𝑏, which can also be written as 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏𝑘. It’s given that 𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive constants. Therefore,
57 57
1 1 1
dividing both sides of the equation 𝑎𝑏 57 = 𝑎𝑏𝑘 by 𝑎𝑏 yields 57
= 𝑘. Thus, the value of 𝑘 is 57
.

Question ID 1fe32f7d

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 1fe32f7d
In the given equation, is a positive integer. The equation has no real solution. What is the greatest possible value of ?
ID: 1fe32f7d Answer

Correct Answer: 51
Rationale
The correct answer is 51. A quadratic equation of the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, has no
2
real solution if and only if its discriminant, -4𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏 , is negative. In the given equation, 𝑎 = - 1 and 𝑐 = - 676.
Substituting -1 for 𝑎 and -676 for 𝑐 in this expression yields a discriminant of 𝑏2 - 4-1-676, or 𝑏2 - 2,704. Since this
value must be negative, 𝑏2 - 2,704 < 0, or 𝑏2 < 2,704. Taking the positive square root of each side of this inequality
yields 𝑏 < 52. Since 𝑏 is a positive integer, and the greatest integer less than 52 is 51, the greatest possible value of 𝑏
is 51.

Question ID a45ffacb
ID: a45ffacb
Function is defined by , where and are constants. In the xy-plane, the graph of has a y-
intercept at . The product of and is . What is the value of ?
ID: a45ffacb Answer

Correct Answer: 5
Rationale
The correct answer is 5. It’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏. Substituting -𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 for 𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 - 15 yields
99 99
𝑦 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 - 15. It’s given that the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 - 15 is 0, - . Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and - for 𝑦 in
7 7
99 99 99
the equation 𝑦 = - 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 - 15 yields - 7 = - 𝑎0 + 𝑏 - 15, which is equivalent to - 7 = - 1 + 𝑏 - 15, or - 7 = 𝑏 - 16. Adding
13 65 65 13
16 to both sides of this equation yields = 𝑏. It’s given that the product of 𝑎 and 𝑏 is , or 𝑎𝑏 = . Substituting
7 7 7 7
13 65 13
for 𝑏 in this equation yields 𝑎 7 = 7
. Dividing both sides of this equation by 7
yields 𝑎 = 5.

Question ID 18e35375
ID: 18e35375
The function is defined by the given equation. For what value of does reach its minimum?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 18e35375 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 14𝑥 + 19, which can be rewritten as 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 - 266. Since the coefficient
of the 𝑥2 -term is positive, the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane opens upward and reaches its minimum value at its
vertex. The x-coordinate of the vertex is the value of 𝑥 such that 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum. For an equation in the
𝑏
form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, the x-coordinate of the vertex is - . For the equation
2𝑎
5 5
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 - 266, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 5, and 𝑐 = - 266. It follows that the x-coordinate of the vertex is - 21 , or - 2 . Therefore, 𝑓𝑥
5
reaches its minimum when the value of 𝑥 is - .
2
Alternate approach: The value of 𝑥 for the vertex of a parabola is the x-value of the midpoint between the two x-
intercepts of the parabola. Since it’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 14𝑥 + 19, it follows that the two x-intercepts of the graph of
𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane occur when 𝑥 = 14 and 𝑥 = - 19, or at the points 14, 0 and -19, 0. The midpoint between two
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 +𝑦 14 + -19 0 + 0 5
points, 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 and 𝑥2 , 𝑦2 , is 1 2 2 , 1 2 2 . Therefore, the midpoint between 14, 0 and -19, 0 is 2 , 2 , or - 2 , 0. It follows
5
that 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum when the value of 𝑥 is - .
2
Choice A is incorrect. This is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane.
Choice B is incorrect. This is one of the x-coordinates of the x-intercepts of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane.

Question ID c303ad23

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: c303ad23
If , what is the value of ?
ID: c303ad23 Answer

Correct Answer: 5
Rationale
The correct answer is 5. Dividing each side of the given equation by 3 yields 𝑥2 - 6𝑥 - 5 = 0. Adding 5 to each side of
this equation yields 𝑥2 - 6𝑥 = 5. Therefore, if 3𝑥2 - 18𝑥 - 15 = 0, the value of 𝑥2 - 6𝑥 is 5.

Question ID 7bd10ef3

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 7bd10ef3
In the equation above, t is a constant. If the equation has no real solutions, which
of the following could be the value of t ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 7bd10ef3 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The number of solutions to any quadratic equation in the form , where a, b, and
c are constants, can be found by evaluating the expression , which is called the discriminant. If the value of
is a positive number, then there will be exactly two real solutions to the equation. If the value of is
zero, then there will be exactly one real solution to the equation. Finally, if the value of is negative, then
there will be no real solutions to the equation.
The given equation is a quadratic equation in one variable, where t is a constant. Subtracting t from
both sides of the equation gives . In this form, , , and . The values of t for which
the equation has no real solutions are the same values of t for which the discriminant of this equation is a negative
value. The discriminant is equal to ; therefore, . Simplifying the left side of the
inequality gives . Subtracting 16 from both sides of the inequality and then dividing both sides by 8 gives
. Of the values given in the options, is the only value that is less than . Therefore, choice A must be the
correct answer.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from a misconception about how to use the discriminant to
determine the number of solutions of a quadratic equation in one variable.
Question ID 03ff48d2

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 03ff48d2
In the given equation, is an integer constant. If the equation has no real solution, what is the least possible value of ?
ID: 03ff48d2 Answer

Correct Answer: 50
Rationale
The correct answer is 50. An equation of the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, has no real
solutions if and only if its discriminant, 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐, is negative. Applying the distributive property to the left-hand side
of the equation 𝑥𝑘𝑥 - 56 = - 16 yields 𝑘𝑥2 - 56𝑥 = - 16. Adding 16 to each side of this equation yields 𝑘𝑥2 - 56𝑥 + 16 = 0.
2
Substituting 𝑘 for 𝑎, -56 for 𝑏, and 16 for 𝑐 in 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐 yields a discriminant of -56 - 4𝑘16, or 3,136 - 64𝑘. If the given
equation has no real solution, it follows that the value of 3,136 - 64𝑘 must be negative. Therefore, 3,136 - 64𝑘 < 0.
Adding 64𝑘 to both sides of this inequality yields 3,136 < 64𝑘. Dividing both sides of this inequality by 64 yields
49 < 𝑘, or 𝑘 > 49. Since it's given that 𝑘 is an integer, the least possible value of 𝑘 is 50.

Question ID ce579859
ID: ce579859
A model estimates that at the end of each year from to , the number of squirrels in a population was more
than the number of squirrels in the population at the end of the previous year. The model estimates that at the end of ,
there were squirrels in the population. Which of the following equations represents this model, where is the estimated
number of squirrels in the population years after the end of and ?
A. msup
B. msup
C. msup
D. msup
ID: ce579859 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Since the model estimates that the number of squirrels in the population increased by a fixed
𝑝 𝑡
percentage, 150%, each year, the model can be represented by an exponential equation of the form 𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 100 ,
where 𝑎 is the estimated number of squirrels in the population at the end of 2015, and the model estimates that at
the end of each year, the number is 𝑝% more than the number at the end of the previous year. Since the model
estimates that at the end of each year, the number was 150% more than the number at the end of the previous year,
𝑝 𝑡 150 𝑡 𝑡
𝑝 = 150. Substituting 150 for 𝑝 in the equation 𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 100 yields 𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 100 , which is equivalent to 𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 1.5 ,
𝑡
or 𝑛 = 𝑎2.5 . It’s given that the estimated number of squirrels at the end of 2016 was 180. This means that when 𝑡 = 1,
𝑡 1
𝑛 = 180. Substituting 1 for 𝑡 and 180 for 𝑛 in the equation 𝑛 = 𝑎2.5 yields 180 = 𝑎2.5 , or 180 = 2.5𝑎. Dividing each
𝑡 𝑡
side of this equation by 2.5 yields 72 = 𝑎. Substituting 72 for 𝑎 in the equation 𝑛 = 𝑎2.5 yields 𝑛 = 722.5 .
Choice A is incorrect. This equation represents a model where at the end of each year, the estimated number of
squirrels was 150% of, not 150% more than, the estimated number at the end of the previous year.
Choice C is incorrect. This equation represents a model where at the end of each year, the estimated number of
squirrels was 150% of, not 150% more than, the estimated number at the end of the previous year, and the estimated
number of squirrels at the end of 2015, not the end of 2016, was 180.
Choice D is incorrect. This equation represents a model where the estimated number of squirrels at the end of 2015,
not the end of 2016, was 180.

Question ID 5355c0ef

expressions
ID: 5355c0ef
The given expression can be rewritten as , where is a constant. What is the value of ?
ID: 5355c0ef Answer

Correct Answer: .09, 9/100
Rationale
The correct answer is .09 . It's given that the expression 0.36𝑥2 + 0.63𝑥 + 1.17 can be rewritten as 𝑎4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 + 13.
Applying the distributive property to the expression 𝑎4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 + 13 yields 4𝑎𝑥2 + 7𝑎𝑥 + 13𝑎. Therefore,
0.36𝑥2 + 0.63𝑥 + 1.17 can be rewritten as 4𝑎𝑥2 + 7𝑎𝑥 + 13𝑎. It follows that in the expressions 0.36𝑥2 + 0.63𝑥 + 1.17 and
4𝑎𝑥2 + 7𝑎𝑥 + 13𝑎, the coefficients of 𝑥2 are equivalent, the coefficients of 𝑥 are equivalent, and the constant terms are
equivalent. Therefore, 0.36 = 4𝑎, 0.63 = 7𝑎, and 1.17 = 13𝑎. Solving any of these equations for 𝑎 yields the value of 𝑎.
Dividing both sides of the equation 0.36 = 4𝑎 by 4 yields 0.09 = 𝑎. Therefore, the value of 𝑎 is 0.09. Note that .09 and
9/100 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 2f51abc2
ID: 2f51abc2
The function is defined by the given equation. For which of the following values of does ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2f51abc2 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The value of 𝑘 for which 𝑓𝑘 = 3𝑘 can be found by substituting 𝑘 for 𝑥 and 3𝑘 for 𝑓𝑥 in the given
equation, 𝑓𝑥 = 59 - 2𝑥, which yields 3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘. For this equation to be true, either -3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘 or 3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘.
Adding 2𝑘 to both sides of the equation -3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘 yields -𝑘 = 59. Dividing both sides of this equation by -1 yields
𝑘 = - 59. To check whether -59 is the value of 𝑘, substituting -59 for 𝑘 in the equation 3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘 yields
3-59 = 59 - 2-59, which is equivalent to -177 = 177, or -177 = 177, which isn't a true statement. Therefore, -59 isn't the
value of 𝑘. Adding 2𝑘 to both sides of the equation 3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘 yields 5𝑘 = 59. Dividing both sides of this equation by
59 59 59
5 yields 𝑘 = 5
. To check whether 5 is the value of 𝑘, substituting 5 for 𝑘 in the equation 3𝑘 = 59 - 2𝑘 yields
59 59 177 177 177 177
3 5 = 59 - 2 5 , which is equivalent to 5 = 5 , or 5 = 5 , which is a true statement. Therefore, the value of 𝑘 for
59
which 𝑓𝑘 = 3𝑘 is 5 .

Question ID 17d0e87d

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 17d0e87d
The given equation relates the distinct positive real numbers , , and . Which equation correctly expresses in terms of
and ?
A.
B.
C. msup
D. msup
ID: 17d0e87d Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
14𝑥 2√𝑤 + 19 𝑥
Choice C is correct. Dividing each side of the given equation by 2 yields 14𝑦
= 2
, or 𝑦
= √𝑤 + 19 . Because it's
given that each of the variables is positive, squaring each side of this equation yields the equivalent equation
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2
𝑦
= 𝑤 + 19. Subtracting 19 from each side of this equation yields 𝑦
- 19 = 𝑤, or 𝑤 = 𝑦
- 19.
Choice A is incorrect. This equation isn't equivalent to the given equation.
Choice B is incorrect. This equation isn't equivalent to the given equation.
Choice D is incorrect. This equation isn't equivalent to the given equation.

Question ID c81b6c57

expressions
ID: c81b6c57
In the expression , p is a constant. This expression is
equivalent to the expression . What is the value of p ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: c81b6c57 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
2
Choice B is correct. Using the distributive property, the first given expression can be rewritten as 6x + 3px + 24 –
2 2
16px – 64x + 24, and then rewritten as 6x + (3p – 16p – 64)x + 24. Since the expression 6x + (3p – 16p – 64)x + 24 is
2
equivalent to 6x – 155x + 24, the coefficients of the x terms from each expression are equivalent to each other; thus
3p – 16p – 64 = –155. Combining like terms gives –13p – 64 = –155. Adding 64 to both sides of the equation gives –
13p = –71. Dividing both sides of the equation by –13 yields p = 7.
2
Choice A is incorrect. If p = –3, then the first expression would be equivalent to 6x – 25x + 24. Choice C is incorrect.
2
If p = 13, then the first expression would be equivalent to 6x – 233x + 24. Choice D is incorrect. If p = 155, then the
2
first expression would be equivalent to 6x – 2,079x + 24.

Question ID 66bce0c1

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 66bce0c1
What is the solution set of the

equation above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 66bce0c1 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Subtracting 4 from both sides of isolates the radical expression on the left
side of the equation as follows: . Squaring both sides of yields .
This equation can be rewritten as a quadratic equation in standard form: . One way to solve this
quadratic equation is to factor the expression by identifying two numbers with a sum of and a
product of . These numbers are and 1. So the quadratic equation can be factored as . It
follows that 5 and are the solutions to the quadratic equation. However, the solutions must be verified by
checking whether 5 and satisfy the original equation, . When , the original equation
gives , or , which is false. Therefore, does not satisfy the original equation. When
, the original equation gives , or , which is true. Therefore, is the only solution
to the original equation, and so the solution set is .
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because each of these sets contains at least one value that results in a false
statement when substituted into the given equation. For instance, in choice D, when 0 is substituted for x into the
given equation, the result is , or . This is not a true statement, so 0 is not a solution
to the given equation.

Question ID 97e50fa2

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 97e50fa2
The graph of the function f, defined by , is shown in the
xy-plane above. If the function g (not shown) is defined by , what
is one possible value of a such that ?
ID: 97e50fa2 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is either 2 or 8. Substituting in the definitions for f and g gives
and , respectively. If , then . Subtracting 10 from both sides
of this equation gives . Multiplying both sides by gives . Expanding
gives . Combining the like terms on one side of the equation gives . One way to
solve this equation is to factor by identifying two numbers with a sum of and a product of 16.
These numbers are and , so the quadratic equation can be factored as . Therefore, the
possible values of a are either 2 or 8. Note that 2 and 8 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
Alternate approach: Graphically, the condition implies the graphs of the functions and
intersect at . The graph is given, and the graph of may be sketched as a line with y-intercept
10 and a slope of (taking care to note the different scales on each axis). These two graphs intersect at and
.
Question ID ebb717ab

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: ebb717ab
In the given equation, is a constant. The equation has no real solutions if . What is the least possible value of ?
ID: ebb717ab Answer

Correct Answer: 289
Rationale
The correct answer is 289. A quadratic equation of the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, has no
real solutions when the value of the discriminant, 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐, is less than 0. In the given equation, 𝑥2 - 34𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 = 1
and 𝑏 = - 34. Therefore, the discriminant of the given equation can be expressed as -342 - 41𝑐, or 1,156 - 4𝑐. It follows
that the given equation has no real solutions when 1,156 - 4𝑐 < 0. Adding 4𝑐 to both sides of this inequality yields
1,156 < 4𝑐. Dividing both sides of this inequality by 4 yields 289 < 𝑐, or 𝑐 > 289. It's given that the equation
𝑥2 - 34𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has no real solutions when 𝑐 > 𝑛. Therefore, the least possible value of 𝑛 is 289.

Question ID 9afe2370
ID: 9afe2370
The population P of a certain city y years after the last census is modeled by the equation below, where r is a
constant and is the population when .
If during this time the population of the city decreases by a fixed percent each year,
which of the following must be true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 9afe2370 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The term (1 + r) represents a percent change. Since the population is decreasing, the percent
change must be between 0% and 100%. When the percent change is expressed as a decimal rather than as a percent,
the percentage change must be between 0 and 1. Because (1 + r) represents percent change, this can be expressed as
0 < 1 + r < 1. Subtracting 1 from all three terms of this compound inequality results in –1 < r < 0.
Choice A is incorrect. If r < –1, then after 1 year, the population P would be a negative value, which is not possible.
Choices C and D are incorrect. For any value of r > 0, 1 + r > 1, and the exponential function models growth for
positive values of the exponent. This contradicts the given information that the population is decreasing.

Question ID b7c74b73
ID: b7c74b73
The function gives the value, in dollars, of a certain piece of equipment after months of use. If the value of the
equipment decreases each year by of its value the preceding year, what is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b7c74b73 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
𝑥
Choice C is correct. For a function of the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑘 , where 𝑎, 𝑟, and 𝑘 are constants and 𝑟 < 1, the value of 𝑓𝑥
decreases by 1001 - 𝑟% for every increase of 𝑥 by 𝑘. In the given function, 𝑎 = 5,470, 𝑟 = 0.64, and 𝑘 = 12. Therefore, for
the given function, the value of 𝑓𝑥 decreases by 1001 - 0.64%, or 36%, for every increase of 𝑥 by 12. Since 𝑓𝑥
represents the value, in dollars, of the equipment after 𝑥 months of use, it follows that the value of the equipment
decreases every 12 months by 36% of its value the preceding 12 months. Since there are 12 months in a year, the
value of the equipment decreases each year by 36% of its value the preceding year. Thus, the value of 𝑝 is 36.

Question ID 3d12b1e0

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 3d12b1e0
In the given equation, is a constant. The equation has exactly one solution. What is the value of ?
ID: 3d12b1e0 Answer

Correct Answer: -1
Rationale
The correct answer is -1. A quadratic equation in the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, has
exactly one solution when its discriminant, 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐, is equal to 0. In the given equation, -16𝑥2 - 8𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 = - 16
and 𝑏 = - 8. Substituting -16 for 𝑎 and -8 for 𝑏 in 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐 yields -82 - 4-16𝑐, or 64 + 64𝑐. Since the given equation has
exactly one solution, 64 + 64𝑐 = 0. Subtracting 64 from both sides of this equation yields 64𝑐 = - 64. Dividing both
sides of this equation by 64 yields 𝑐 = - 1. Therefore, the value of 𝑐 is -1.

Question ID 2c88af4d

expressions
ID: 2c88af4d
The expression , where and , is
equivalent to which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2c88af4d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. For and , and are equivalent to and , respectively. Also, and
are equivalent to and , respectively. Therefore, the given expression can be rewritten as .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because these choices are not equivalent to the given expression for and
For example, for and , the value of the given expression is ; the values of the choices, however, are
, , and 1, respectively.
Question ID ffdbcad4

expressions
ID: ffdbcad4
The expression , where is a constant, can be rewritten as , where , , and are integer
constants. Which of the following must be an integer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ffdbcad4 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 - 45 can be rewritten as ℎ𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑗. The expression ℎ𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑗 can be
rewritten as ℎ𝑥2 + 𝑗ℎ𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘𝑗, or ℎ𝑥2 + 𝑗ℎ + 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘𝑗. Therefore, ℎ𝑥2 + 𝑗ℎ + 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘𝑗 is equivalent to 4𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 - 45. It
-45 45
follows that 𝑘𝑗 = - 45. Dividing each side of this equation by 𝑘 yields 𝑗 = . Since 𝑗 is an integer, - must be an
𝑘 𝑘
45
integer. Therefore, 𝑘
must also be an integer.

Question ID 71014fb1

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 71014fb1
How many distinct real solutions does the given equation have?
A. Exactly one
B. Exactly two
C. Infinitely many
D. Zero
ID: 71014fb1 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Any quantity that is positive or negative in value has a positive value when squared. Therefore,
the left-hand side of the given equation is either positive or zero for any value of 𝑥. Since the right-hand side of the
given equation is negative, there is no value of 𝑥 for which the given equation is true. Thus, the number of distinct
real solutions for the given equation is zero.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question ID 22fd3e1f

expressions
ID: 22fd3e1f
Which of the following expressions is
equivalent to , for ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 22fd3e1f Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since and , the fraction can be written
as . It is given that , so the common factor is not equal to 0. Therefore, the fraction can be
further simplified to .
Choice A is incorrect. The expression is not equivalent to because at , as a value of 1 and
has a value of 0.
Choice B is incorrect and results from omitting the factor x in the factorization of . Choice C is incorrect and
may result from incorrectly factoring as instead of .

Question ID a0b4103e

expressions
ID: a0b4103e
The expression can be rewritten as , where k is a
positive constant. What is the value of k ?
A. 2
B. 6
C.
D.
ID: a0b4103e Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Factoring out the coefficient , the given expression can be rewritten as . The
expression can be approached as a difference of squares and rewritten as . Therefore, k
must be .
Choice A is incorrect. If k were 2, then the expression given would be rewritten as , which is
equivalent to , not .
Choice B is incorrect. This may result from incorrectly factoring the expression and finding as the
factored form of the expression. Choice C is incorrect. This may result from incorrectly distributing the and
rewriting the expression as .

Question ID 2cd6b22d

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 2cd6b22d
How many distinct real solutions does the given equation have?
A. Exactly one
B. Exactly two
C. Infinitely many
D. Zero
ID: 2cd6b22d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The number of solutions of a quadratic equation of the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are
constants, can be determined by the value of the discriminant, 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐. If the value of the discriminant is positive,
then the quadratic equation has exactly two distinct real solutions. If the value of the discriminant is equal to zero,
then the quadratic equation has exactly one real solution. If the value of the discriminant is negative, then the
quadratic equation has zero real solutions. In the given equation, 5𝑥2 + 10𝑥 + 16 = 0, 𝑎 = 5, 𝑏 = 10, and 𝑐 = 16.
2 2
Substituting these values for 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 in 𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐 yields 10 - 4516, or -220. Since the value of its discriminant is
negative, the given equation has zero real solutions. Therefore, the number of distinct real solutions the given
equation has is zero.

Question ID f2d60b99
ID: f2d60b99
The function gives a metal ball's height above the ground , in inches, seconds after it started
moving on a track, where . Which of the following is the best interpretation of the vertex of the graph of
in the xy-plane?
A. The metal ball's minimum height was inches above the ground.
B. The metal ball's minimum height was inches above the ground.
C. The metal ball's height was inches above the ground when it started moving.
D. The metal ball's height was inches above the ground when it started moving.
ID: f2d60b99 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The graph of a quadratic equation in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are positive
1
constants, is a parabola that opens upward with vertex ℎ, 𝑘. The given function 𝑓𝑥 = 9 𝑥 - 72 + 3 is in the form
1
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘, where 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥, 𝑎 = 9 , ℎ = 7, and 𝑘 = 3. Therefore, the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is a parabola that opens upward
with vertex 7, 3. Since the parabola opens upward, the vertex is the lowest point on the graph. It follows that the y-
coordinate of the vertex of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is the minimum value of 𝑓𝑥. Therefore, the minimum value of 𝑓𝑥 is 3.
1
It’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = 9 𝑥 - 72 + 3 represents the metal ball’s height above the ground, in inches, 𝑥 seconds after it
started moving on a track. Therefore, the best interpretation of the vertex of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is that the metal
ball’s minimum height was 3 inches above the ground.

Question ID e9349667

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: e9349667
If and are the two solutions to the system of equations
above, what is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: e9349667 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The system of equations can be solved using the substitution method. Solving the second
2
equation for y gives y = –x – 1. Substituting the expression –x – 1 for y into the first equation gives –x – 1 = x + 2x +
2
1. Adding x + 1 to both sides of the equation yields x + 3x + 2 = 0. The left-hand side of the equation can be factored
by finding two numbers whose sum is 3 and whose product is 2, which gives (x + 2)(x + 1) = 0. Setting each factor
equal to 0 yields x + 2 = 0 and x + 1 = 0, and solving for x yields x = –2 or x = –1. These values of x can be substituted
for x in the equation y = –x – 1 to find the corresponding y-values: y = –(–2) – 1 = 2 – 1 = 1 and y = –(–1) – 1 = 1 – 1 = 0.
It follows that (–2, 1) and (–1, 0) are the solutions to the given system of equations. Therefore, (x1, y1) = (–2, 1), (x2,
y2) = (–1, 0), and y1 + y2 = 1 + 0 = 1.
Choice A is incorrect. The solutions to the system of equations are (x1, y1) = (–2, 1) and (x2, y2) = (–1, 0). Therefore, –
3 is the sum of the x-coordinates of the solutions, not the sum of the y-coordinates of the solutions. Choices B and C
are incorrect and may be the result of computation or substitution errors.

Question ID 1f353a9e
ID: 1f353a9e
The given function models the number of coupons a company sent to their customers at the end of each year, where
represents the number of years since the end of , and . If is graphed in the ty-plane, which of the
following is the best interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph in this context?
A. The minimum estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers during the years was .
B. The minimum estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers during the years was .
C. The estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers at the end of was .
D. The estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers at the end of was .
ID: 1f353a9e Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The y-intercept of a graph in the ty-plane is the point where 𝑡 = 0. For the given function 𝑓,
the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑡 in the ty-plane can be found by substituting 0 for 𝑡 in the equation
𝑡 0
𝑦 = 8,0000 . 65 , which gives 𝑦 = 8,0000 . 65 . This is equivalent to 𝑦 = 8,0001, or 𝑦 = 8,000. Therefore, the y-intercept of
the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑡 is 0, 8,000. It’s given that the function 𝑓 models the number of coupons a company sent to their
customers at the end of each year. Therefore, 𝑓𝑡 represents the estimated number of coupons the company sent to
their customers at the end of each year. It's also given that 𝑡 represents the number of years since the end of 1998.
Therefore, 𝑡 = 0 represents 0 years since the end of 1998, or the end of 1998. Thus, the best interpretation of the y-
intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑡 is that the estimated number of coupons the company sent to their customers at the
end of 1998 was 8,000.

Question ID b03adde3

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: b03adde3
If , what is t
in terms of u ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b03adde3 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Multiplying both sides of the given equation by yields . Dividing both sides
of this equation by yields . Adding 2 to both sides of this equation yields , which
can be rewritten as . Since the fractions on the right-hand side of this equation have a
common denominator, adding the fractions yields . Applying the distributive property to the
numerator on the right-hand side of this equation yields , which is equivalent to .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from various misconceptions or miscalculations.

Question ID 1ce9ffcd

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 1ce9ffcd
In the given equation, is a constant. The equation has exactly one solution. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 1ce9ffcd Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that the equation -9𝑥2 + 30𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has exactly one solution. A quadratic equation of
the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 has exactly one solution if and only if its discriminant, -4𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏2 , is equal to zero. It follows
2 2
that for the given equation, 𝑎 = - 9 and 𝑏 = 30. Substituting -9 for 𝑎 and 30 for 𝑏 into 𝑏 - 4𝑎𝑐 yields 30 - 4-9𝑐, or
900 + 36𝑐. Since the discriminant must equal zero, 900 + 36𝑐 = 0. Subtracting 36𝑐 from both sides of this equation
yields 900 = -36𝑐. Dividing each side of this equation by -36 yields -25 = 𝑐. Therefore, the value of 𝑐 is -25.
Choice A is incorrect. If the value of 𝑐 is 3, this would yield a discriminant that is greater than zero. Therefore, the
given equation would have two solutions, rather than exactly one solution.
Choice B is incorrect. If the value of 𝑐 is 0, this would yield a discriminant that is greater than zero. Therefore, the
given equation would have two solutions, rather than exactly one solution.
Choice D is incorrect. If the value of 𝑐 is -53, this would yield a discriminant that is less than zero. Therefore, the
given equation would have no real solutions, rather than exactly one solution.

Question ID 104bff62

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 104bff62
In the given equation, is a positive constant. Which of the following is one of the solutions to the given equation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 104bff62 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. If 𝑥2 - 𝑐2 ≤ 0, then neither side of the given equation is defined and there can be no solution.
𝑐2 𝑥2 𝑐2
Therefore, 𝑥2 - 𝑐2 > 0. Subtracting from both sides of the given equation yields - = 39, or
√𝑥2 - 𝑐2 √𝑥2 - 𝑐2 √𝑥2 - 𝑐2
2
𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2
= 39. Squaring both sides of this equation yields = 392 , or 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2
= 392 . Since 𝑥2 - 𝑐2 is positive and,
√𝑥2 - 𝑐2 √𝑥2 - 𝑐2
𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 2
therefore, nonzero, the expression is defined and equivalent to 1. It follows that the equation = 39 can
𝑥2 - 𝑐2 𝑥 2 - 𝑐2
𝑥 2 - 𝑐2 2
be rewritten as 𝑥 - 𝑐2 = 392 , or 1𝑥2 - 𝑐2 = 392 , which is equivalent to 𝑥2 - 𝑐2 = 392 . Adding 𝑐2 to both sides of this
𝑥 2 - 𝑐2
equation yields 𝑥2 = 𝑐2 + 392
. Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields two solutions: 𝑥 = √𝑐2 + 39
2
and 𝑥 = - √𝑐2 + 392 . Therefore, of the given choices, -√𝑐2 + 392 is one of the solutions to the given equation.

Question ID 92f812bb
ID: 92f812bb
In the xy-plane, a parabola has vertex and intersects the x-axis at two points. If the equation of the parabola is
written in the form , where , , and are constants, which of the following could be the value of
?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 92f812bb Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The equation of a parabola in the xy-plane can be written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘, where 𝑎 is a
constant and ℎ, 𝑘 is the vertex of the parabola. If 𝑎 is positive, the parabola will open upward, and if 𝑎 is negative, the
parabola will open downward. It’s given that the parabola has vertex 9, - 14. Substituting 9 for ℎ and -14 for 𝑘 in the
equation 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘 gives 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - 92 - 14, which can be rewritten as 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - 9𝑥 - 9 - 14, or 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 - 18𝑥 + 81 - 14.
Distributing the factor of 𝑎 on the right-hand side of this equation yields 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 - 18𝑎𝑥 + 81𝑎 - 14. Therefore, the
equation of the parabola, 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 - 18𝑎𝑥 + 81𝑎 - 14, can be written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎 = 𝑎, 𝑏 = - 18𝑎,
and 𝑐 = 81𝑎 - 14. Substituting -18𝑎 for 𝑏 and 81𝑎 - 14 for 𝑐 in the expression 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 yields 𝑎 + -18𝑎 + 81𝑎 - 14, or
64𝑎 - 14. Since the vertex of the parabola, 9, - 14, is below the x-axis, and it’s given that the parabola intersects the x-
axis at two points, the parabola must open upward. Therefore, the constant 𝑎 must have a positive value. Setting the
expression 64𝑎 - 14 equal to the value in choice D yields 64𝑎 - 14 = - 12. Adding 14 to both sides of this equation
2
yields 64𝑎 = 2. Dividing both sides of this equation by 64 yields 𝑎 = 64
, which is a positive value. Therefore, if the
equation of the parabola is written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐
could be - 12.
Choice A is incorrect. If the equation of a parabola with a vertex at 9, - 14 is written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐,
where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = - 23, then the value of 𝑎 will be negative, which means the parabola
will open downward, not upward, and will intersect the x-axis at zero points, not two points.
Choice B is incorrect. If the equation of a parabola with a vertex at 9, - 14 is written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐,
where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = - 19, then the value of 𝑎 will be negative, which means the parabola
will open downward, not upward, and will intersect the x-axis at zero points, not two points.
Choice C is incorrect. If the equation of a parabola with a vertex at 9, - 14 is written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐,
where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = - 14, then the value of 𝑎 will be 0, which is inconsistent with the
equation of a parabola.

Question ID 7dbd46d9

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 7dbd46d9
The graphs of the equations in the given system of equations intersect at the point in the -plane. What is a possible
value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 7dbd46d9 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It's given that the graphs of the equations in the given system of equations intersect at the point
𝑥, 𝑦. Therefore, this intersection point is a solution to the given system. The solution can be found by isolating 𝑦 in
each equation. The given equation 8𝑥 + 𝑦 = - 11 can be rewritten to isolate 𝑦 by subtracting 8𝑥 from both sides of the
equation, which gives 𝑦 = - 8𝑥 - 11. The given equation 2𝑥2 = 𝑦 + 341 can be rewritten to isolate 𝑦 by subtracting 341
from both sides of the equation, which gives 2𝑥2 - 341 = 𝑦. With each equation solved for 𝑦, the value of 𝑦 from one
equation can be substituted into the other, which gives 2𝑥2 - 341 = - 8𝑥 - 11. Adding 8𝑥 and 11 to both sides of this
equation results in 2𝑥2 + 8𝑥 - 330 = 0. Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 results in 𝑥2 + 4𝑥 - 165 = 0. This
equation can be rewritten by factoring the left-hand side, which yields 𝑥 + 15𝑥 - 11 = 0. By the zero-product property,
if 𝑥 + 15𝑥 - 11 = 0, then 𝑥 + 15 = 0, or 𝑥 - 11 = 0. It follows that 𝑥 = - 15, or 𝑥 = 11. Since only -15 is given as a choice, a
possible value of 𝑥 is -15.

Question ID 0121a235
ID: 0121a235
x p(x)
The table above gives selected values of a polynomial function p. Based on the
values in the table, which of the following must be a factor of p ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 0121a235 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. According to the table, when x is or 2, . Therefore, two x-intercepts of the graph of p
are and . Since and are x-intercepts, it follows that and are factors of the
polynomial equation. This is because when , the value of is 0. Similarly, when , the value of
is 0. Therefore, the product is a factor of the polynomial function p.
Choice A is incorrect. The factor corresponds to an x-intercept of , which isn’t present in the table. Choice
B is incorrect. The factor corresponds to an x-intercept of , which isn’t present in the table. Choice C is
incorrect. The factors and correspond to x-intercepts and , respectively, which aren’t present
in the table.


in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 158591f0
What is the sum of the solutions to the given equation?
ID: 158591f0 Answer

Correct Answer: 29/3, 9.666, 9.667
Rationale
29
. Applying the distributive property to the left-hand side of the given equation, 𝑥𝑥 + 1 - 56,
yields 𝑥2 + 𝑥 - 56. Applying the distributive property to the right-hand side of the given equation, 4𝑥𝑥 - 7, yields
4𝑥2 - 28𝑥. Thus, the equation becomes 𝑥2 + 𝑥 - 56 = 4𝑥2 - 28𝑥. Combining like terms on the left- and right-hand sides
of this equation yields 0 = 4𝑥2 - 𝑥2 + -28𝑥 - 𝑥 + 56, or 3𝑥2 - 29𝑥 + 56 = 0. For a quadratic equation in the form
𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, the quadratic formula gives the solutions to the equation in the form
-𝑏 ± √𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 2𝑎
. Substituting 3 for 𝑎, -29 for 𝑏, and 56 for 𝑐 from the equation 3𝑥2 - 29𝑥 + 56 = 0 into the quadratic
29 ± √-292 - 4356 29 13 29 13
formula yields 𝑥 = 23
, or 𝑥 = 6
± 6
. It follows that the solutions to the given equation are 6
+ 6
and
29 13 29 13 29 13 29 29 29
- . Adding these two solutions gives the sum of the solutions: + + - , which is equivalent to + , or .
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3
Note that 29/3, 9.666, and 9.667 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID bba18ecb
ID: bba18ecb
When the quadratic function is graphed in the xy-plane, where , its vertex is . One of the x-intercepts of
this graph is . What is the other x-intercept of the graph?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: bba18ecb Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Since the line of symmetry for the graph of a quadratic function contains the vertex of the
graph, the x-coordinate of the vertex of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 is the x-coordinate of the midpoint of its two x-
𝑥 +𝑥
intercepts. The midpoint of two points with x-coordinates 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 has x-coordinate 𝑥𝑚 , where 𝑥𝑚 = 1 2 . It′s given
2
17 17
that the vertex is -3, 6 and one of the x-intercepts is - 4 , 0. Substituting -3 for 𝑥𝑚 and - 4 for 𝑥1 in the equation
17
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 - + 𝑥2 17 17
𝑥𝑚 = yields -3 = 4 . Multiplying each side of this equation by 2 yields -6 = - + 𝑥2 . Adding to each side
2 2 4 4
7 7
of this equation yields - 4 = 𝑥2 . Therefore, the other x-intercept is - 4 , 0.

ID: 70753f99
The function f is defined by . The graph of f in the xy-plane is
a parabola. Which of the following intervals contains the x-coordinate of the vertex
of the graph of f ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 70753f99 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The graph of a quadratic function in the xy-plane is a parabola. The axis of symmetry of the
parabola passes through the vertex of the parabola. Therefore, the vertex of the parabola and the midpoint of the
segment between the two x-intercepts of the graph have the same x-coordinate. Since , the x-
coordinate of the vertex is . Of the shown intervals, only the interval in choice B contains –2.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from either calculation errors or misidentification of the graph’s x-
intercepts.

Question ID 58dcc59f
ID: 58dcc59f
A landscaper is designing a rectangular garden. The length of the garden is to be 5

feet longer than the width. If the area of the garden will be 104 square feet, what
will be the length, in feet, of the garden?
ID: 58dcc59f Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 13. Let w represent the width of the rectangular garden, in feet. Since the length of the garden
will be 5 feet longer than the width of the garden, the length of the garden will be feet. Thus the area of the
garden will be . It is also given that the area of the garden will be 104 square feet. Therefore,
, which is equivalent to . Factoring this equation results in . Therefore,
and . Because width cannot be negative, the width of the garden must be 8 feet. This means the length of
the garden must be feet.

Question ID 2d1614a1
ID: 2d1614a1
The function models the population, in thousands, of a certain city years after . According to the model, the
population is predicted to increase by every months. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 2d1614a1 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that the function 𝑃 models the population of the city 𝑡 years after 2005. Since there are
18 18
12 months in a year, 18 months is equivalent to 12
years. Therefore, the expression 12
𝑥 can represent the number of
4 18
18 18
years in 𝑥 18-month periods. Substituting
12
𝑥 for 𝑡 in the given equation yields 𝑃 12 𝑥 = 2901.04 6 12 𝑥 , which is
18 𝑥
equivalent to 𝑃 12 𝑥 = 2901.04 . Therefore, for each 18-month period, the predicted population of the city is 1.04 times,
or 104% of, the previous population. This means that the population is predicted to increase by 4% every 18 months.
Choice B is incorrect. Each year, the predicted population of the city is 1.04 times the previous year's predicted
population, which is not the same as an increase of 1.04%.

Question ID 30281058

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 30281058
In the xy-plane, the graph of intersects line p at and , where
a and b are constants. What is the slope of line p ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 30281058 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that the graph of and line p intersect at and . Therefore, the value
of y when is the value of a, and the value of y when is the value of b. Substituting 1 for x in the given
equation yields , or . Similarly, substituting 5 for x in the given equation yields , or

. Therefore, the intersection points are and . The slope of line p is the ratio of the change in y to
the change in x between these two points: , or 6.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors in determining the values of a,
b, or the slope of line p.

Question ID 84dd43f8
ID: 84dd43f8
For the function , , and for each increase in by , the value of decreases by . What is the value of
?
ID: 84dd43f8 Answer

Rationale
The correct answer is 3.44. It’s given that 𝑓0 = 86 and that for each increase in 𝑥 by 1, the value of 𝑓𝑥 decreases by
80%. Because the output of the function decreases by a constant percentage for each 1-unit increase in the value of
𝑥
𝑥, this relationship can be represented by an exponential function of the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑏 , where 𝑎 represents the
initial value of the function and 𝑏 represents the rate of decay,
expressed as a decimal. Because 𝑓0 = 86, the value of 𝑎 must be 86. Because the value of 𝑓𝑥 decreases by 80% for
each 1-unit increase in 𝑥, the value of 𝑏 must be ( 1 − 0 . 80 ) , or 0 . 2. Therefore, the function 𝑓 can be defined by
𝑓𝑥 = 860 . 2𝑥 . Substituting 2 for 𝑥 in this function yields 𝑓2 = 860 . 22 , which is equivalent to 𝑓2 = 860 . 04, or 𝑓2 = 3 . 44.
Either 3.44 or 86 / 25 may be entered as the correct answer.
Alternate approach: It’s given that 𝑓0 = 86 and that for each increase in 𝑥 by 1, the value of 𝑓𝑥 decreases by 80%.
Therefore, when 𝑥 = 1, the value of 𝑓𝑥 is ( 100 − 80 ) %, or 20%, of 86, which can be expressed as 0 . 2086. Since
0 . 2086 = 17 . 2, the value of 𝑓1 is 17.2. Similarly, when 𝑥 = 2, the value of 𝑓𝑥 is 20% of 17.2, which can be expressed as
0 . 2017 . 2. Since 0 . 2017 . 2 = 3 . 44, the value of 𝑓2 is 3.44. Either 3.44 or 86 / 25 may be entered as the correct answer.

Question ID 59d1f4b5
ID: 59d1f4b5
The equation above models the number of members, M, of a gym t years after the
gym opens. Of the following, which equation models the number of members of
the gym q quarter years after the gym opens?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 59d1f4b5 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. In 1 year, there are 4 quarter years, so the number of quarter years, q, is 4 times the number of
years, t ; that is, . This is equivalent to , and substituting this into the expression for M in terms of t
gives .
Choices B and D are incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly using instead of . (Choices B and D
are nearly the same since is equivalent to , which is approximately .) Choice C is incorrect
and may be the result of incorrectly using and unnecessarily dividing 0.02 by 4.

Question ID 01668cd6
ID: 01668cd6
The functions and are defined by the given equations, where . Which of the following equations displays, as a
constant or coefficient, the maximum value of the function it defines, where ?
I.
II.
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. Neither I nor II
ID: 01668cd6 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are both exponential functions with a base of 0.40. Since 0.40 is less than 1,
functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are both decreasing exponential functions. This means that 𝑓𝑥 and 𝑔𝑥 decrease as 𝑥 increases.
Since 𝑓𝑥 and 𝑔𝑥 decrease as 𝑥 increases, the maximum value of each function occurs at the least value of 𝑥 for
which the function is defined. It's given that functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are defined for 𝑥 ≥ 0. Therefore, the maximum value
of each function occurs at 𝑥 = 0. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in the equation defining 𝑓 yields 𝑓0 = 330.40 + 3 , which is
equivalent to 𝑓0 = 330.43 , or 𝑓0 = 2.112. Therefore, the maximum value of 𝑓 is 2.112. Since the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 330.4𝑥 + 3
doesn't display the value 2.112, the equation defining 𝑓 doesn't display the maximum value of 𝑓. Substituting 0 for 𝑥
1 1
in the equation defining 𝑔 yields 𝑔0 = 330.160.40 - 2 , which can be rewritten as 𝑔0 = 330.16 2 , or 𝑔0 = 330.16 0.16 ,
0.4
which is equivalent to 𝑔0 = 33. Therefore, the maximum value of 𝑔 is 33. Since the equation 𝑔𝑥 = 330.160.4𝑥 - 2
displays the value 33, the equation defining 𝑔 displays the maximum value of 𝑔. Thus, only equation II displays, as a
constant or coefficient, the maximum value of the function it defines.

Question ID 5910bfff

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 5910bfff
The formula above can be used to approximate the dew point D, in degrees
Fahrenheit, given the temperature T, in degrees Fahrenheit, and the relative
humidity of H percent, where . Which of the following expresses the relative
humidity in terms of the temperature and the dew point?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 5910bfff Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. It’s given that . Solving this formula for H expresses the relative humidity
in terms of the temperature and the dew point. Subtracting T from both sides of this equation yields
. Multiplying both sides by yields . Subtracting 100 from
both sides yields . Multiplying both sides by results in the formula
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect and may result from errors made when rewriting the given formula.

Question ID fbb96bb1

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: fbb96bb1
Which of the following are solutions to the given equation, where is a constant and ?
I.
II.
III.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III
ID: fbb96bb1 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Subtracting the expression 𝑥 - 29 from both sides of the given equation yields
0 = 𝑥 - 𝑎𝑥 - 29 - 𝑥 - 29, which can be rewritten as 0 = 𝑥 - 𝑎𝑥 - 29 + -1𝑥 - 29. Since the two terms on the right-hand side of
this equation have a common factor of 𝑥 - 29, it can be rewritten as 0 = 𝑥 - 29𝑥 - 𝑎 + -1, or 0 = 𝑥 - 29𝑥 - 𝑎 - 1. Since
𝑥 - 𝑎 - 1 is equivalent to 𝑥 - 𝑎 + 1, the equation 0 = 𝑥 - 29𝑥 - 𝑎 - 1 can be rewritten as 0 = 𝑥 - 29𝑥 - 𝑎 + 1. By the zero
product property, it follows that 𝑥 - 29 = 0 or 𝑥 - 𝑎 + 1 = 0. Adding 29 to both sides of the equation 𝑥 - 29 = 0 yields
𝑥 = 29. Adding 𝑎 + 1 to both sides of the equation 𝑥 - 𝑎 + 1 = 0 yields 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 1. Therefore, the two solutions to the
given equation are 29 and 𝑎 + 1. Thus, only 𝑎 + 1 and 29, not 𝑎, are solutions to the given equation.

Question ID ad038c19

expressions
ID: ad038c19
Which of the following is
equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ad038c19 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The expression can be rewritten as . Using the distributive property,
the expression yields . Combining like terms gives .
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from errors using the distributive property on the given expression
or combining like terms.

Question ID ef926848
ID: ef926848
Square P has a side length of inches. Square Q has a perimeter that is inches greater than the perimeter of square P.
The function gives the area of square Q, in square inches. Which of the following defines ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ef926848 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. Let 𝑥 represent the side length, in inches, of square P. It follows that the perimeter of square P is
4𝑥 inches. It's given that square Q has a perimeter that is 176 inches greater than the perimeter of square P. Thus, the
perimeter of square Q is 176 inches greater than 4𝑥 inches, or 4𝑥 + 176 inches. Since the perimeter of a square is 4
4𝑥 + 176
times the side length of the square, each side length of Q is , or 𝑥 + 44 inches. Since the area of a square is
4
2
calculated by multiplying the length of two sides, the area of square Q is 𝑥 + 44𝑥 + 44, or 𝑥 + 44 square inches. It
2
follows that function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 + 44 .
Choice B is incorrect. This function represents a square with side lengths 𝑥 + 176 inches.
Choice C is incorrect. This function represents a square with side lengths 176𝑥 + 44 inches.
Choice D is incorrect. This function represents a square with side lengths 176𝑥 + 176 inches.

Question ID 77c0cced

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 77c0cced
In the given system of equations, is a constant. The graphs of the equations in the given system intersect at exactly one
point, , in the xy-plane. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 77c0cced Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that the graphs of the equations in the given system intersect at exactly one point, 𝑥, 𝑦,
in the xy-plane. Therefore, 𝑥, 𝑦 is the only solution to the given system of equations. The given system of equations
can be solved by subtracting the second equation, 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 𝑎, from the first equation, 𝑦 = 2𝑥2 - 21𝑥 + 64. This yields
𝑦 - 𝑦 = 2𝑥2 - 21𝑥 + 64 - 3𝑥 + 𝑎, or 0 = 2𝑥2 - 24𝑥 + 64 - 𝑎. Since the given system has only one solution, this equation has
only one solution. A quadratic equation in the form 𝑟𝑥2 + 𝑠𝑥 + 𝑡 = 0, where 𝑟, 𝑠, and 𝑡 are constants, has one solution
if and only if the discriminant, 𝑠2 - 4𝑟𝑡, is equal to zero. Substituting 2 for 𝑟, -24 for 𝑠, and -𝑎 + 64 for 𝑡 in the
2 2
expression 𝑠2 - 4𝑟𝑡 yields -24 - 4264 - 𝑎. Setting this expression equal to zero yields -24 - 4264 - 𝑎 = 0, or 8𝑎 + 64 = 0.
Subtracting 64 from both sides of this equation yields 8𝑎 = - 64. Dividing both sides of this equation by 8 yields
𝑎 = - 8. Substituting -8 for 𝑎 in the equation 0 = 2𝑥2 - 24𝑥 + 64 - 𝑎 yields 0 = 2𝑥2 - 24𝑥 + 64 + 8, or 0 = 2𝑥2 - 24𝑥 + 72.
Factoring 2 from the right-hand side of this equation yields 0 = 2𝑥2 - 12𝑥 + 36. Dividing both sides of this equation
2
by 2 yields 0 = 𝑥2 - 12𝑥 + 36, which is equivalent to 0 = 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 6, or 0 = 𝑥 - 6 . Taking the square root of both sides of
this equation yields 0 = 𝑥 - 6. Adding 6 to both sides of this equation yields 𝑥 = 6.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑎, not 𝑥.

Question ID 635f54ee
ID: 635f54ee
The surface area of a cube is , where a is a positive constant. Which of the

following gives the perimeter of one face of the cube?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 635f54ee Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. A cube has 6 faces of equal area, so if the total surface area of a cube is , then the area of
one face is . Likewise, the area of one face of a cube is the square of one of its edges; therefore, if the area of
one face is , then the length of one edge of the cube is . Since the perimeter of one face of a cube is four
times the length of one edge, the perimeter is .
Choice A is incorrect because if the perimeter of one face of the cube is , then the total surface area of the cube is
, which is not . Choice C is incorrect because if the perimeter of one face of the cube is 4a,
then the total surface area of the cube is , which is not . Choice D is incorrect because if the
perimeter of one face of the cube is 6a, then the total surface area of the cube is , which is not

Question ID 1697ffcf

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 1697ffcf
In the xy-plane, the graph of intersects the graph of at the

points and . What is the value of a ?
ID: 1697ffcf Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 5. The intersection points of the graphs of and can be found by solving
the system consisting of these two equations. To solve the system, substitute x for y in the first equation. This gives
. Subtracting x from both sides of the equation gives . Factoring out of each term on
the left-hand side of the equation gives . Therefore, the possible values for x are 0 and 5. Since ,
the two intersection points are and . Therefore, .


expressions
ID: 20291f47
Which expression is equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 20291f47 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
𝑦 + 12 𝑦𝑥 - 8
Choice C is correct. Factoring the denominator in the second term of the given expression gives 𝑥-8
+ 𝑥𝑦𝑥 - 8 . This
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦𝑦 + 12 𝑦𝑥 - 8
expression can be rewritten with common denominators by multiplying the first term by 𝑥𝑦
, giving 𝑥𝑦𝑥 - 8 + 𝑥𝑦𝑥 - 8 .
𝑥𝑦𝑦 + 12 + 𝑦𝑥 - 8
Adding these two terms yields . Using the distributive property to rewrite this expression gives
𝑥𝑦𝑥 - 8
𝑥𝑦2 + 12𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 - 8𝑦 𝑥𝑦2 + 13𝑥𝑦 - 8𝑦
. Combining the like terms in the numerator of this expression gives .
𝑥2 𝑦 - 8𝑥𝑦 𝑥2 𝑦 - 8𝑥𝑦

Question ID 42f8e4b4

expressions
ID: 42f8e4b4
One of the factors of is , where is a positive constant. What is the smallest possible value of ?
ID: 42f8e4b4 Answer

Correct Answer: 8
Rationale
The correct answer is 8. Since each term of the given expression, 2𝑥3 + 42𝑥2 + 208𝑥, has a factor of 2𝑥, the expression
can be rewritten as 2𝑥𝑥2 + 2𝑥21𝑥 + 2𝑥104, or 2𝑥𝑥2 + 21𝑥 + 104. Since the values 8 and 13 have a sum of 21 and a
product of 104, the expression 𝑥2 + 21𝑥 + 104 can be factored as 𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 13. Therefore, the given expression can be
factored as 2𝑥𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 13. It follows that the factors of the given expression are 2, 𝑥, 𝑥 + 8, and 𝑥 + 13. Of these factors,
only 𝑥 + 8 and 𝑥 + 13 are of the form 𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑏 is a positive constant. Therefore, the possible values of 𝑏 are 8 and
13. Thus, the smallest possible value of 𝑏 is 8.

Question ID de39858a
ID: de39858a
The function is defined by , where and are positive constants. The graph of in the -plane
passes through the points ( , ) and ( , ). What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: de39858a Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It’s given that the function ℎ is defined by ℎ𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 and that the graph of 𝑦 = ℎ ( 𝑥 ) in the xy-
325
plane passes through the points 0, 10 and -2, . Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and 10 for ℎ𝑥 in the equation ℎ𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 yields
36
325
10 = 𝑎0 + 𝑏, or 10 = 1 + 𝑏. Subtracting 1 from both sides of this equation yields 9 = 𝑏. Substituting -2 for 𝑥 and for
36
325 1
ℎ𝑥 in the equation ℎ ( 𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 + 9 yields = 𝑎-2 + 9. Subtracting 9 from both sides of this equation yields = 𝑎-2 ,
36 36
which can be rewritten as 𝑎2 = 36. Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields 𝑎 = 6 and 𝑎 = - 6, but
because it’s given that 𝑎 is a positive constant, 𝑎 must equal 6. Because the value of 𝑎 is 6 and the value of 𝑏 is 9, the
value of 𝑎𝑏 is ( 6 ) ( 9 ) , or 54.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from finding the value of 𝑎-2 𝑏 rather than the value of 𝑎𝑏.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from correctly finding the value of 𝑎 as 6, but multiplying it by the y-value in
the first ordered pair rather than by the value of 𝑏.

Question ID 1178f2df
ID: 1178f2df
The table shows three values of and their corresponding values of , where and is a quadratic function.
What is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of in the xy-plane?
ID: 1178f2df Answer

Rationale
The correct answer is -2,112. It's given that 𝑓 is a quadratic function. It follows that 𝑓 can be defined by an equation
2
of the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are constants. It's also given that the table shows three values of 𝑥 and
2
their corresponding values of 𝑦, where 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4. Substituting 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 for 𝑓𝑥 in this equation yields
2
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 + 4. This equation represents a quadratic relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦, where 𝑘 + 4 is either the
maximum or the minimum value of 𝑦, which occurs when 𝑥 = ℎ. For quadratic relationships between 𝑥 and 𝑦, the
maximum or minimum value of 𝑦 occurs at the value of 𝑥 halfway between any two values of 𝑥 that have the same
corresponding value of 𝑦. The table shows that x-values of 21 and 25 correspond to the same y-value, -8. Since 23 is
halfway between 21 and 25, the maximum or minimum value of 𝑦 occurs at an x-value of 23. The table shows that
when 𝑥 = 23, 𝑦 = 8. It follows that ℎ = 23 and 𝑘 + 4 = 8. Subtracting 4 from both sides of the equation 𝑘 + 4 = 8 yields
2 2 2
𝑘 = 4. Substituting 23 for ℎ and 4 for 𝑘 in the equation 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 + 4 yields 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - 23 + 4 + 4, or 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - 23 + 8.
The value of 𝑎 can be found by substituting any x-value and its corresponding y-value for 𝑥 and 𝑦, respectively, in
2 2
this equation. Substituting 25 for 𝑥 and -8 for 𝑦 in this equation yields -8 = 𝑎25 - 23 + 8, or -8 = 𝑎2 + 8. Subtracting 8
from both sides of this equation yields -16 = 𝑎22 , or -16 = 4𝑎. Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields -4 = 𝑎.
Substituting -4 for 𝑎, 23 for ℎ, and 4 for 𝑘 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘 yields 𝑓𝑥 = - 4𝑥 - 232 + 4. The y-intercept of
the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is the point on the graph where 𝑥 = 0. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 in the equation
𝑓𝑥 = - 4𝑥 - 23 + 4 yields 𝑓0 = - 40 - 23 + 4, or 𝑓0 = - 4-23 + 4. This is equivalent to 𝑓0 = - 2,112, so the y-intercept of
2 2 2
the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane is 0, - 2,112. Thus, the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in
the xy-plane is -2,112.

Question ID 84e8cc72
ID: 84e8cc72
A quadratic function models the height, in feet, of an object above the ground in terms of the time, in seconds, after the
object is launched off an elevated surface. The model indicates the object has an initial height of feet above the ground
and reaches its maximum height of feet above the ground seconds after being launched. Based on the model, what
is the height, in feet, of the object above the ground seconds after being launched?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 84e8cc72 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. It's given that a quadratic function models the height, in feet, of an object above the ground in
terms of the time, in seconds, after the object is launched off an elevated surface. This quadratic function can be
defined by an equation of the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘, where 𝑓𝑥 is the height of the object 𝑥 seconds after it was
launched, and 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are constants such that the function reaches its maximum value, 𝑘, when 𝑥 = ℎ. Since the
model indicates the object reaches its maximum height of 1,034 feet above the ground 8 seconds after being
launched, 𝑓𝑥 reaches its maximum value, 1,034, when 𝑥 = 8. Therefore, 𝑘 = 1,034 and ℎ = 8. Substituting 8 for ℎ and
2 2
1,034 for 𝑘 in the function 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘 yields 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 8 + 1,034. Since the model indicates the object has an
initial height of 10 feet above the ground, the value of 𝑓𝑥 is 10 when 𝑥 = 0. Substituting 0 for 𝑥 and 10 for 𝑓𝑥 in the
equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - 82 + 1,034 yields 10 = 𝑎0 - 82 + 1,034, or 10 = 64𝑎 + 1,034. Subtracting 1,034 from both sides of this
equation yields 64𝑎 = - 1,024. Dividing both sides of this equation by 64 yields 𝑎 = - 16. Therefore, the model can be
represented by the equation 𝑓𝑥 = - 16𝑥 - 82 + 1,034. Substituting 10 for 𝑥 in this equation yields
2
𝑓10 = - 1610 - 8 + 1,034, or 𝑓10 = 970. Therefore, based on the model, 10 seconds after being launched, the height of
the object above the ground is 970 feet.

Question ID 12e7faf8

expressions
ID: 12e7faf8
The equation is true for all , where a and d

are integers. What is the value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 12e7faf8 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Since the expression can be factored as , the given equation can be
rewritten as . Since , is also not equal to 0, so both the numerator and
denominator of can be divided by . This gives . Equating the coefficient of x on

each side of the equation gives . Equating the constant terms gives . The sum is .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from incorrectly simplifying the equation. Choices B and D are incorrect. They
are the values of d and a, respectively, not .

Question ID 89fc23af

expressions
ID: 89fc23af
Which of the following expressions is
equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 89fc23af Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The numerator of the given expression can be rewritten in terms of the denominator, , as
follows: , which is equivalent to . So the given expression is
equivalent to . Since the given expression is defined for ,
the expression can be rewritten as .
Long division can also be used as an alternate approach. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect and may result from
errors made when dividing the two polynomials or making use of structure.

Question ID 911c415b

expressions
ID: 911c415b
The expression above can be written in the form , where a and b are
constants. What is the value of ?
ID: 911c415b Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 6632. Applying the distributive property to the expression yields
. Then adding together and and collecting like terms
results in . This is written in the form , where and . Therefore

.

Question ID b74f2feb

expressions
ID: b74f2feb
The expression is equivalent to , where and are positive constants and . What is the value of
?
ID: b74f2feb Answer

Correct Answer: 361/8, 45.12, 45.13
Rationale
𝑚
361
The correct answer is . The rational exponent property is 𝑛√𝑦𝑚 = 𝑦 𝑛 , where 𝑦 > 0, 𝑚 and 𝑛 are integers, and 𝑛 > 0.
8
5 8 5 45 8 1 1
This property can be applied to rewrite the given expression 6 √35 𝑥45 · √28 𝑥 as 63 5 𝑥 5 2 8 𝑥 8 , or 63𝑥9 2𝑥 8 . This
1
expression can be rewritten by multiplying the constants, which gives 36𝑥9 𝑥 8 . The multiplication exponent property
1 1 73
is 𝑦𝑛 · 𝑦𝑚 = 𝑦𝑛 + 𝑚 , where 𝑦 > 0. This property can be applied to rewrite the expression 36𝑥9 𝑥 8 as 36𝑥9 + 8 , or 36𝑥 8 .
5 8 73 5 8 73
Therefore, 6 √35 𝑥45 · √28 𝑥 = 36𝑥 8 . It's given that 6 √35 𝑥45 · √28 𝑥 is equivalent to 𝑎𝑥𝑏 ; therefore, 𝑎 = 36 and 𝑏 = . It
8
73
follows that 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 36 + . Finding a common denominator on the right-hand side of this equation gives
8
288 73 361
𝑎+𝑏= + , or 𝑎 + 𝑏 = . Note that 361/8, 45.12, and 45.13 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
8 8 8

Question ID 5edc8c98

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 5edc8c98
In the given equation, and are positive constants. The sum of the solutions to the given equation is , where is
a constant. What is the value of ?
ID: 5edc8c98 Answer

Correct Answer: .0625, 1/16
Rationale
1
The correct answer is . Let 𝑝 and 𝑞 represent the solutions to the given equation. Then, the given equation can be
16
rewritten as 64𝑥 - 𝑝𝑥 - 𝑞 = 0, or 64𝑥2 - 64𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑝𝑞 = 0. Since this equation is equivalent to the given equation, it
16𝑎 + 4𝑏 1
follows that -16𝑎 + 4𝑏 = - 64𝑝 + 𝑞. Dividing both sides of this equation by -64 yields = 𝑝 + 𝑞, or 4𝑎 +𝑏=𝑝+𝑞
64 16
1
. Therefore, the sum of the solutions to the given equation, 𝑝 + 𝑞, is equal to 16
4𝑎 + 𝑏. Since it's given that the sum of
1
the solutions to the given equation is 𝑘4𝑎 + 𝑏, where 𝑘 is a constant, it follows that 𝑘 = 16
. Note that 1/16, .0625, 0.062,
and 0.063 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
Alternate approach: The given equation can be rewritten as 64𝑥2 - 44𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑏 = 0, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive
𝑎𝑏
constants. Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields 16𝑥2 - 4𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + = 0. The solutions for a quadratic
4
equation in the form 𝐴𝑥2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0, where 𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐶 are constants, can be calculated using the quadratic
-𝐵 + √𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶 -𝐵 - √𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶
formula, 𝑥 = 2𝐴
and 𝑥 = 2𝐴
. It follows that the sum of the solutions to a quadratic equation in the
2
√
-𝐵 + 𝐵 - 4𝐴𝐶 -𝐵 - 𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶
√ -𝐵 + - 𝐵 + √𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶 - √𝐵2 - 4𝐴𝐶
form 𝐴𝑥2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0 is 2𝐴
+
2𝐴
, which can be rewritten as 2𝐴
, which is
-2𝐵 𝐵 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏
equivalent to , or - . In the equation 16𝑥2 - 4𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + = 0, 𝐴 = 16, 𝐵 = - 4𝑎 + 𝑏, and 𝐶 = . Substituting 16 for 𝐴
2𝐴 𝐴 4 4
𝐵 -4𝑎 + 𝑏 1
and -4𝑎 + 𝑏 for 𝐵 in - yields - , which can be rewritten as 4𝑎 + 𝑏. Thus, the sum of the solutions to the given
𝐴 16 16
1
equation is 4𝑎 + 𝑏. Since it's given that the sum of the solutions to the given equation is 𝑘4𝑎 + 𝑏, where 𝑘 is a
16
1
constant, it follows that 𝑘 = 16 .

Question ID cd358b89
ID: cd358b89
Function is defined by . Function is defined by . The graph of

in the xy-plane has x-intercepts at , , and , where , , and are distinct constants. What is the value of
?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: cd358b89 Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. It's given that 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 - 1. Since 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 1, it follows that

𝑓𝑥 - 1 = 𝑥 - 1 + 6𝑥 - 1 + 5𝑥 - 1 + 1. Combining like terms yields 𝑓𝑥 - 1 = 𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 4𝑥. Therefore, 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 4. The x-
intercepts of a graph in the xy-plane are the points where 𝑦 = 0. The x-coordinates of the x-intercepts of the graph
of 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 in the xy-plane can be found by solving the equation 0 = 𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 4. Applying the zero product property to
this equation yields three equations: 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 + 5 = 0, and 𝑥 + 4 = 0. Solving each of these equations for 𝑥 yields 𝑥 = 0,
𝑥 = - 5, and 𝑥 = - 4, respectively. Therefore, the x-intercepts of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔𝑥 are 0, 0, -5, 0, and -4, 0. It follows
that the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are 0, -5, and -4. Thus, the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 is 0 + -5 + -4, which is equal to -9.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 if 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 1.
Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 - 1 if 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 5𝑥 - 1.
Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 if 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 6𝑥 - 5𝑥 - 1.

Question ID f89e1d6f

expressions
ID: f89e1d6f
If , which of the following is equivalent to the
expression ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: f89e1d6f Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
2 – c2 – 2cd – d2 = x2 – (c2 + 2cd

Choice C is correct. Factoring –1 from the second, third, and fourth terms gives x
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ d ). The expression c + 2cd + d is the expanded form of a perfect square: c + 2cd + d = (c + d) . Therefore, x
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
– (c + 2cd + d ) = x – (c + d) . Since a = c + d, x – (c + d) = x – a . Finally, because x – a is the difference
2 2
of squares, it can be expanded as x – a = (x + a)(x – a).
Choices A and B are incorrect and may be the result of making an error in factoring the difference of squares x
2–
2
a . Choice D is incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly combining terms.

Question ID ff2e5c76

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: ff2e5c76
What is the sum of the solutions to the given equation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: ff2e5c76 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Adding 10 to each side of the given equation yields 𝑥2 - 40𝑥 = 10. To complete the square, adding
40 2 2 2 2 2
2
, or 20 , to each side of this equation yields 𝑥2 - 40𝑥 + 20 = 10 + 20 , or 𝑥 - 20 = 410. Taking the square root of
each side of this equation yields 𝑥 - 20 = ± √410 . Adding 20 to each side of this equation yields 𝑥 = 20 ± √410 .
Therefore, the solutions to the given equation are 𝑥 = 20 + √410 and 𝑥 = 20 - √410 . The sum of these solutions is
20 + √410 + 20 - √410 , or 40.

Question ID 4b642eef
ID: 4b642eef
The total distance d, in meters, traveled by an object moving in a straight line can
be modeled by a quadratic function that is defined in terms of t, where t is the time
in seconds. At a time of 10.0 seconds, the total distance traveled by the object is
50.0 meters, and at a time of 20.0 seconds, the total distance traveled by the object
is 200.0 meters. If the object was at a distance of 0 meters when , then what is
the total distance traveled, in meters, by the object after 30.0 seconds?
ID: 4b642eef Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 450. The quadratic equation that models this situation can be written in the form
, where a, b, and c are constants. It’s given that the distance, d, the object traveled was 0 meters when
seconds. These values can be substituted into the equation to solve for a, b, and c: .
Therefore, , and it follows that . Since it’s also given that d is 50 when t is 10 and d is 200 when t is
20, these values for d and t can be substituted to create a system of two linear equations: and
, or and . Subtracting the first equation from the second equation
yields , or . Substituting for a in the first equation and solving for b yields . Therefore, the
equation that represents this situation is . Evaluating this function when seconds yields
, or meters.

Question ID 2c5c22d0

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 2c5c22d0
How many solutions are there to the

system of equations above?
A. There are exactly 4 solutions.
B. There are exactly 2 solutions.
C. There is exactly 1 solution.
D. There are no solutions.
ID: 2c5c22d0 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The second equation of the system can be rewritten as . Substituting for y in
the first equation gives . This equation can be solved as shown below:
Substituting 1 for x in the equation gives . Therefore, is the only solution to the system of
equations.
Choice A is incorrect. In the xy-plane, a parabola and a line can intersect at no more than two points. Since the
graph of the first equation is a parabola and the graph of the second equation is a line, the system cannot have more
than 2 solutions. Choice B is incorrect. There is a single ordered pair that satisfies both equations of the
system. Choice D is incorrect because the ordered pair satisfies both equations of the system.

Question ID fc3dfa26

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: fc3dfa26
What value of x satisfies the

equation above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: fc3dfa26 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Each fraction in the given equation can be expressed with the common denominator .
Multiplying by yields , and multiplying by yields . Therefore, the given
equation can be written as . Multiplying each fraction by the denominator results in
the equation , or . This equation can be solved by setting a quadratic
expression equal to 0, then solving for x. Subtracting from both sides of this equation yields .
The expression can be factored, resulting in the equation . By the zero product
property, or . To solve for x in , 1 can be added to both sides of the equation, resulting in
. Dividing both sides of this equation by 2 results in . Solving for x in yields . However,
this value of x would result in the second fraction of the original equation having a denominator of 0. Therefore,
is an extraneous solution. Thus, the only value of x that satisfies the given equation is .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from solving but not realizing that this solution is extraneous
because it would result in a denominator of 0 in the second fraction. Choice B is incorrect and may result from a
sign error when solving for x. Choice D is incorrect and may result from a calculation error.

Question ID 6d9e01a2
ID: 6d9e01a2
The given equation defines the function . For what value of does reach its minimum?
ID: 6d9e01a2 Answer

Correct Answer: 25/4, 6.25
Rationale
25 2
. The given equation can be rewritten in the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ, and 𝑘 are
constants. When 𝑎 > 0, ℎ is the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum. The given equation can be rewritten as
50 50 50 2 50 2
𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥2 - 𝑥 + 126, which is equivalent to 𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥2 - 𝑥 + - + 126. This equation can be rewritten as
4 4 8 8
50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 25 2 121 25
𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥 - - + 126, or 𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥 - -4 + 126, which is equivalent to 𝑓𝑥 = 4𝑥 - - . Therefore, ℎ = 4 , so the
8 8 8 8 4 4
25
value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum is . Note that 25/4 and 6.25 are examples of ways to enter a correct
4
answer.

Question ID 9f2ecade
ID: 9f2ecade
The function h is defined above, where a, b, and c are integer constants. If the zeros
of the function are 6, and 7, what is the value of c ?
ID: 9f2ecade Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 210. Since , 6, and 7 are zeros of the function, the function can be rewritten as
. Expanding the function yields . Thus, , , and

. Therefore, the value of c is 210.

Question ID 6011a3f8

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 6011a3f8
In the given equation, is a constant. For which of the following values of will the equation have more than one real
solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 6011a3f8 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. A quadratic equation of the form 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, has either no
real solutions, exactly one real solution, or exactly two real solutions. That is, for the given equation to have more
than one real solution, it must have exactly two real solutions. When the value of the discriminant, or 𝑏2 - 4𝑎𝑐, is
greater than 0, the given equation has exactly two real solutions. In the given equation, 64𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 25 = 0, 𝑎 = 64
2 2
and 𝑐 = 25. Therefore, the given equation has exactly two real solutions when 𝑏 - 46425 > 0, or 𝑏 - 6,400 > 0. Adding
2 2
6,400 to both sides of this inequality yields 𝑏 > 6,400. Taking the square root of both sides of 𝑏 > 6,400 yields two
possible inequalities: 𝑏 < - 80 or 𝑏 > 80. Of the choices, only choice A satisfies 𝑏 < - 80 or 𝑏 > 80.

Question ID 0e61101e
ID: 0e61101e
The function is defined by the given equation. If , which of the following equations defines the function
?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 0e61101e Answer

Correct Answer: B
Rationale
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥+2
Choice B is correct. It’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = 94 and 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 2. Substituting 𝑥 + 2 for 𝑥 in 𝑓𝑥 = 94 gives 𝑓𝑥 + 2 = 94 .
𝑥 2 𝑥
Rewriting this equation using properties of exponents gives 𝑓𝑥 + 2 = 94 4 , which is equivalent to 𝑓𝑥 + 2 = 94 16.
Multiplying 9 and 16 in this equation gives 𝑓𝑥 + 2 = 1444𝑥 . Since 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 2, 𝑔𝑥 = 1444𝑥 .

Question ID e117d3b8

expressions
ID: e117d3b8
If a and c are positive numbers, which of the following is
equivalent to ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: e117d3b8 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Using the property that

3
for positive numbers x and y, with x = (a + c) and y = a +
c, it follows that . By rewriting (a + c)

4 as ((a + c)2)2, it is possible to simplify the
square root expression as follows: .
Choice A is incorrect and may be the result of . Choice B is incorrect and may be the result of
2 2 2
incorrectly rewriting (a + c) as a + c . Choice D is incorrect and may be the result of incorrectly applying
properties of exponents.

Question ID 04bbce67
ID: 04bbce67
ID: 04bbce67 Answer

Correct Answer: -7
Rationale
The correct answer is -7. For a quadratic function defined by an equation of the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘, where 𝑎, ℎ, and
𝑘 are constants and 𝑎 > 0, the function reaches its minimum when 𝑥 = ℎ. In the given function, 𝑎 = 1, ℎ = - 7, and
𝑘 = 4. Therefore, the value of 𝑥 for which 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum is -7.

Question ID 6f5540a5
ID: 6f5540a5
Kao measured the temperature of a cup of hot chocolate placed in a room with a
constant temperature of 70 degrees Fahrenheit (°F). The temperature of the hot
chocolate was 185°F at 6:00 p.m. when it started cooling. The temperature of the
hot chocolate was 156°F at 6:05 p.m. and 135°F at 6:10 p.m. The hot chocolate’s
temperature continued to decrease. Of the following functions, which best models
the temperature , in degrees Fahrenheit, of Kao’s hot chocolate m minutes
after it started cooling?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 6f5540a5 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The hot chocolate cools from 185°F over time, never going lower than the room temperature,
70°F. Since the base of the exponent in this function, 0.75, is less than 1, decreases as time increases. Using the
function, the temperature, in °F, at 6:00 p.m. can be estimated as and is equal to . The
temperature, in °F, at 6:05 p.m. can be estimated as and is equal to , which is approximately
156°F. Finally, the temperature, in °F, at 6:10 p.m. can be estimated as and is equal to , which
is approximately 135°F. Since these three given values of m and their corresponding values for can be verified
using the function , this is the best function out of the given choices to model the
temperature of Kao’s hot chocolate after m minutes.
Choice A is incorrect because the base of the exponent, , results in the value of increasing over time rather
than decreasing. Choice B is incorrect because when m is large enough, becomes less than 70. Choice C is
incorrect because the maximum value of at 6:00 p.m. is 115°F, not 185°F.

Question ID 9cb9beec

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: 9cb9beec
In the given system of equations, is a positive constant. The system has exactly one distinct real solution. What is the value
of ?
ID: 9cb9beec Answer

Rationale
29
. According to the first equation in the given system, the value of 𝑦 is -1.5. Substituting -1.5
for 𝑦 in the second equation in the given system yields -1.5 = 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑎. Adding 1.5 to both sides of this equation
yields 0 = 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑎 + 1.5. If the given system has exactly one distinct real solution, it follows that
0 = 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑎 + 1.5 has exactly one distinct real solution. A quadratic equation in the form 0 = 𝑝𝑥2 + 𝑞𝑥 + 𝑟, where 𝑝,
𝑞, and 𝑟 are constants, has exactly one distinct real solution if and only if the discriminant, 𝑞2 - 4𝑝𝑟, is equal to 0. The
equation 0 = 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑎 + 1.5 is in this form, where 𝑝 = 1, 𝑞 = 8, and 𝑟 = 𝑎 + 1.5. Therefore, the discriminant of the
2
equation 0 = 𝑥2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑎 + 1.5 is 8 - 41𝑎 + 1.5, or 58 - 4𝑎. Setting the discriminant equal to 0 to solve for 𝑎 yields
58 - 4𝑎 = 0. Adding 4𝑎 to both sides of this equation yields 58 = 4𝑎. Dividing both sides of this equation by 4 yields
58 29 29
4
= 𝑎, or 2
= 𝑎. Therefore, if the given system of equations has exactly one distinct real solution, the value of 𝑎 is 2
.
Note that 29/2 and 14.5 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question ID 1fe10d97
ID: 1fe10d97
The given function models the population of Lowell years after a census. Which of the following functions best models
the population of Lowell months after the census?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 1fe10d97 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It’s given that the function 𝑝 models the population of Lowell 𝑡 years after a census. Since there
𝑚 𝑚
are 12 months in a year, 𝑚 months after the census is equivalent to years after the census. Substituting for 𝑡 in
𝑚 12 12
𝑡 𝑚
the equation 𝑝𝑡 = 90,0001.06 yields 𝑝 12 = 90,0001.06 . Therefore, the function 𝑟 that best models the population of
12
𝑚
Lowell 𝑚 months after the census is 𝑟𝑚 = 90,0001.06 12 .

Question ID b73ee6cf
ID: b73ee6cf
The population of a town is currently 50,000, and the population is estimated to

increase each year by 3% from the previous year. Which of the following equations
can be used to estimate the number of years, t, it will take for the population of the
town to reach 60,000 ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b73ee6cf Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Stating that the population will increase each year by 3% from the previous year is equivalent to
saying that the population each year will be 103% of the population the year before. Since the initial population is
t t
50,000, the population after t years is given by 50,000(1.03) . It follows that the equation 60,000 = 50,000(1.03) can be
used to estimate the number of years it will take for the population to reach 60,000.
Choice A is incorrect. This equation models how long it will take the population to decrease from 60,000 to 50,000,
which is impossible given the growth factor. Choice B is incorrect and may result from misinterpreting a 3% growth
as growth by a factor of 3. Additionally, this equation attempts to model how long it will take the population to
decrease from 60,000 to 50,000. Choice C is incorrect and may result from misunderstanding how to model percent
growth by multiplying the initial amount by a factor greater than 1.

Question ID 08d03fe4
ID: 08d03fe4
For the exponential function , the value of is , where is a constant. Which of the following equivalent forms of the
function shows the value of as the coefficient or the base?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 08d03fe4 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
𝑥-1 1-1
Choice C is correct. For the form of the function in choice C, 𝑓𝑥 = 1281.6 , the value of 𝑓1 can be found as 1281.6 ,
0 𝑥-1
which is equivalent to 1281.6 , or 128. Therefore, 𝑘 = 128, which is shown in 𝑓𝑥 = 1281.6 as the coefficient.

Question ID 7eed640d
ID: 7eed640d
The quadratic function above models the height above the ground h, in feet, of a
projectile x seconds after it had been launched vertically. If is graphed in
the xy-plane, which of the following represents the real-life meaning of the positive
x-intercept of the graph?
A. The initial height of the projectile
B. The maximum height of the projectile
C. The time at which the projectile reaches its maximum height
D. The time at which the projectile hits the ground
ID: 7eed640d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The positive x-intercept of the graph of is a point for which . Since
models the height above the ground, in feet, of the projectile, a y-value of 0 must correspond to the height of the
projectile when it is 0 feet above ground or, in other words, when the projectile is on the ground. Since x represents
the time since the projectile was launched, it follows that the positive x-intercept, , represents the time at
which the projectile hits the ground.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from misidentifying the y-intercept as a positive x-intercept. Choice B is
incorrect and may result from misidentifying the y-value of the vertex of the graph of the function as an x-intercept.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from misidentifying the x-value of the vertex of the graph of the function as an
x-intercept.

Question ID 43926bd9
ID: 43926bd9
For the exponential function f, the table above shows several values of x and their corresponding values of ,
where a is a constant greater than 1. If k is a constant and , what is the value of k ?
ID: 43926bd9 Answer
Rationale
The correct answer is 8. The values of for the exponential function f shown in the table increase by a factor of
for each increase of 1 in x. This relationship can be represented by the equation , where b is a
constant. It’s given that when , . Substituting 2 for x and for into yields
. Since , it follows that . Thus, an equation that defines the function f is
. It follows that the value of k such that can be found by solving the equation ,
which yields .

Question ID 4d037075
ID: 4d037075
The rational function is defined by an equation in the form , where and are constants. The partial graph of
is shown. If , which equation could define function ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 4d037075 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
𝑎
Choice C is correct. It's given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥+𝑏
and that the graph shown is a partial graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥. Substituting 𝑦 for
𝑎 𝑎
𝑓𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = yields 𝑦 = . The graph passes through the point -7, - 2. Substituting -7 for 𝑥 and -2 for
𝑥+𝑏 𝑥+𝑏
𝑎 𝑎
𝑦 in the equation 𝑦 = yields -2 = . Multiplying each side of this equation by -7 + 𝑏 yields -2-7 + 𝑏 = 𝑎, or
𝑥+𝑏 -7 + 𝑏
𝑎
14 - 2𝑏 = 𝑎. The graph also passes through the point -5, - 6. Substituting -5 for 𝑥 and -6 for 𝑦 in the equation 𝑦 =
𝑥+𝑏
𝑎
yields -6 = . Multiplying each side of this equation by -5 + 𝑏 yields -6-5 + 𝑏 = 𝑎, or 30 - 6𝑏 = 𝑎. Substituting 14 - 2𝑏
-5 + 𝑏
for 𝑎 in this equation yields 30 - 6𝑏 = 14 - 2𝑏. Adding 6𝑏 to each side of this equation yields 30 = 14 + 4𝑏. Subtracting
14 from each side of this equation yields 16 = 4𝑏. Dividing each side of this equation by 4 yields 4 = 𝑏. Substituting 4
𝑎
for 𝑏 in the equation 14 - 2𝑏 = 𝑎 yields 14 - 24 = 𝑎, or 6 = 𝑎. Substituting 6 for 𝑎 and 4 for 𝑏 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 =
𝑥+𝑏
6 6 6
yields 𝑓𝑥 = . It's given that 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 + 4. Substituting 𝑥 + 4 for 𝑥 in the equation 𝑓𝑥 = yields 𝑓𝑥 + 4 = ,
𝑥+4 𝑥+4 𝑥+4+4
6 6
which is equivalent to 𝑓𝑥 + 4 = . It follows that 𝑔𝑥 = .
𝑥+8 𝑥+8
Choice A is incorrect. This could define function 𝑔 if 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 - 4.
Choice B is incorrect. This could define function 𝑔 if 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥.
Choice D is incorrect. This could define function 𝑔 if 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑓𝑥 · 𝑥 + 4.

Question ID 4d7064a6
ID: 4d7064a6
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 4d7064a6 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. It's given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 10𝑥 + 13, which can be rewritten as 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 - 130. Since the
coefficient of the 𝑥2 -term is positive, the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane opens upward and reaches its minimum
value at its vertex. The x-coordinate of the vertex is the value of 𝑥 such that 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum. For an
𝑏
equation in the form 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants, the x-coordinate of the vertex is - 2𝑎 . For the
3 3
equation 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥2 + 3𝑥 - 130, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 3, and 𝑐 = - 130. It follows that the x-coordinate of the vertex is - , or - .
21 2
3
Therefore, 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum when the value of 𝑥 is - .
2
Alternate approach: The value of 𝑥 for the vertex of a parabola is the x-value of the midpoint between the two x-
intercepts of the parabola. Since it’s given that 𝑓𝑥 = 𝑥 - 10𝑥 + 13, it follows that the two x-intercepts of the graph of
𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane occur when 𝑥 = 10 and 𝑥 = - 13, or at the points 10, 0 and -13, 0. The midpoint between two
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 10 + -13 0 + 0 3
points, 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 and 𝑥2 , 𝑦2 , is , . Therefore, the midpoint between 10, 0 and -13, 0 is , , or - , 0. It follows
2 2 2 2 2
3
that 𝑓𝑥 reaches its minimum when the value of 𝑥 is - 2 .
Choice A is incorrect. This is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane.
Choice B is incorrect. This is one of the x-coordinates of the x-intercepts of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 in the xy-plane.

Question ID 1853bb35
ID: 1853bb35
For the function , the value of decreases by for every increase in the value of by . If , which equation
defines ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 1853bb35 Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. Since the value of 𝑞𝑥 decreases by a fixed percentage, 45%, for every increase in the value of 𝑥 by
1, the function 𝑞 is a decreasing exponential function. A decreasing exponential function can be written in the form
𝑝 𝑥
𝑞𝑥 = 𝑎1 - , where 𝑎 is the value of 𝑞0 and the value of 𝑞𝑥 decreases by 𝑝% for every increase in the value of 𝑥 by 1.
100
If 𝑞0 = 14, then 𝑎 = 14. Since the value of 𝑞𝑥 decreases by 45% for every increase in the value of 𝑥 by 1, 𝑝 = 45.
𝑝 𝑥 45 𝑥
Substituting 14 for 𝑎 and 45 for 𝑝 in the equation 𝑞𝑥 = 𝑎1 - 100 yields 𝑞𝑥 = 141 - 100 , which is equivalent to
𝑥 𝑥
𝑞𝑥 = 141 - 0.45 , or 𝑞𝑥 = 140.55 .
Choice D is incorrect. For this function, the value of 𝑞𝑥 increases, rather than decreases, by 45% for every increase in
the value of 𝑥 by 1.

Question ID a54753ca

in one variable and
systems of
equations in two
variables
ID: a54753ca
In the xy-plane, the graph of the equation intersects the line at exactly one point. What is the
value of ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: a54753ca Answer

Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. In the xy-plane, the graph of the line 𝑦 = 𝑐 is a horizontal line that crosses the y-axis at 𝑦 = 𝑐 and
the graph of the quadratic equation 𝑦 = - 𝑥2 + 9𝑥 - 100 is a parabola. A parabola can intersect a horizontal line at
exactly one point only at its vertex. Therefore, the value of 𝑐 should be equal to the y-coordinate of the vertex of the
graph of the given equation. For a quadratic equation in vertex form, 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 - ℎ2 + 𝑘, the vertex of its graph in the xy-
9 92 92
plane is ℎ, 𝑘. The given quadratic equation, 𝑦 = - 𝑥2 + 9𝑥 - 100, can be rewritten as 𝑦 = - 𝑥2 - 2 2 𝑥 + 2 + 2 - 100, or
92 319 319
𝑦= -𝑥- 2 +- . Thus, the value of 𝑐 is equal to - .
4 4

Question ID a8ae0d22
ID: a8ae0d22
Two variables, and , are related such that for each increase of in the value of , the value of increases by a factor of .
When , . Which equation represents this relationship?
A. msup
B. msup
C. msup
D. msup
ID: a8ae0d22 Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. Since the value of 𝑦 increases by a constant factor, 4, for each increase of 1 in the value of 𝑥, the
relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦 is exponential. An exponential relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦 can be represented by an
𝑥
equation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 , where 𝑎 is the value of 𝑥 when 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑦 increases by a factor of 𝑏 for each increase of
1 in the value of 𝑥. Since 𝑦 = 200 when 𝑥 = 0, 𝑎 = 200. Since 𝑦 increases by a factor of 4 for each increase of 1 in the
𝑥 𝑥
value of 𝑥, 𝑏 = 4. Substituting 200 for 𝑎 and 4 for 𝑏 in the equation 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 yields 𝑦 = 2004 . Thus, the equation
𝑥
𝑦 = 2004 represents the relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.
Choice B is incorrect. This equation represents a relationship where for each increase of 1 in the value of 𝑥, the value
of 𝑦 increases by a factor of 200, not 4, and when 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 is equal to 4, not 200.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors.

Question ID a7711fe8
ID: a7711fe8
What is the minimum value of the function f

defined by ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: a7711fe8 Answer

Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The given quadratic function f is in vertex form, , where is the vertex of
the graph of in the xy-plane. Therefore, the vertex of the graph of is . In addition, the y-
coordinate of the vertex represents either the minimum or maximum value of a quadratic function, depending on
whether the graph of the function opens upward or downward. Since the leading coefficient of f (the coefficient of
the term ) is 1, which is positive, the graph of opens upward. It follows that at , the minimum
value of the function f is .
Choice B is incorrect and may result from making a sign error and from using the x-coordinate of the vertex. Choice
C is incorrect and may result from using the x-coordinate of the vertex. Choice D is incorrect and may result from
making a sign error.

Question ID 1a722d7d
ID: 1a722d7d
Let the function p be defined as , where c is a constant. If
, what is the value of ?
A. 10.00
B. 10.25
C. 10.75
D. 11.00
ID: 1a722d7d Answer

Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The value of p(12) depends on the value of the constant c, so the value of c must first be
determined. It is given that p(c) = 10. Based on the definition of p, it follows that:
This means that for all values of x. Therefore:

Choice A is incorrect. It is the value of p(8), not p(12). Choices B and C are incorrect. If one of these values were
correct, then x = 12 and the selected value of p(12) could be substituted into the equation to solve for c. However, the
values of c that result from choices B and C each result in p(c) < 10.

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Question ID 58b109d4

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

The solution to the given system of equations is . What is the value of ?

ID: 58b109d4 Answer

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

The quadratic function h is defined as shown. In the xy-plane, the graph of

What is the value of t ?

ID: 91e7ea5e Answer

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

What is the positive solution to the given equation?

ID: 3a9d60b2 Answer

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 8490cc45 Answer

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

ID: ba0edc30 Answer

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

ID: fc3d783a Answer

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: a9084ca4 Answer

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: 2c6f214f Answer

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear equations

Which ordered pair is a solution to the

ID: 4661e2a9 Answer

yields , or , which isn’t a true statement. Choice D is incorrect.

Substituting for x and for y in the second equation yields , or

SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent

The equation above is true for all x, where a and b are

ID: 371cbf6b Answer

rewritten as . Therefore, , which gives .

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent

Which of the following expressions is(are) a factor of ?

ID: c3b116d7 Answer

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Nonlinear functions

ID: b8f13a3a Answer

Question Difficulty: Hard

SAT Math Advanced Math Equivalent