SECTION 16000

ELECTRICAL WORK

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE OF WORK

Work in this section shall cover the requirements for a complete electrical
installation, including the furnishing of all labor, materials, equipment, tools,
transportation, storage, incidentals and superintendence necessary to
accomplish the electrical installation. The work includes, but not necessarily
limited to, the installation of interior lighting and power system from main the
main source up to the entire building and such other work not mentioned in the
plans or specifications but necessary to complete the Electrical system.

a. WORKS INCLUDED:

1. Furnish and install complete service entrance wires, conduits and

circuit breakers.
2. Furnish and install complete feeder wires and conduits.
3. Furnish and install all panel boards, kilowatt-hour meters, and
automatic and manual transfer switches.
4. Furnish and install complete wires and conduits for power outlet and
lighting branch circuits.
5. Furnish and install all motor circuit breaker with enclosures.
6. Furnish and install complete wires and conduit for fire alarm system.
7. Application of power service at Meralco if needed and assists the
owner in preparing the necessary documents.
8. Securing wiring permits and certificate of electrical inspection (C.E.I.)
at City/Municipal Electricians Office..
9. Megger, Operational and balancing test for all circuits.

b. WORKS EXCLUDED:

A. Payment of any Meralco deposits.

1.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE

(1) REFERENCE STANDARDS. Electrical equipment, materials and procedures

shall conform to the applicable requirements of the latest edition of the
following: Underwriter’s Laboratories, (UL), National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA), National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association (NEMA)
and other related publications.

(2) WORKMANSHIP. All equipment and materials shall be installed in a neat and
workmanlike manner.

(3) QUALIFICATION OF INSTALLERS. All leadmen should be at least registered

master or licensed electricians and the overall installation shall be supervised
by a Professional Electrical Engineer, who has been thoroughly trained and
 experienced in the skills required, and who is completely familiar with the
methods of installation, must be present at all time during the installation. He
shall direct all work performed under this section.

1.3 COMPLIANCE TO APPLICABLE CODES AND REGULATIONS. All installation

procedures, materials and equipment shall comply with the following as
applicable:

a. Philippine Electrical Code.

b. National Electrical Safety Code, latest edition.
c. Power Company Regulations.
d. National Fire Protection Association
e. Bureau of Labour Standards.
f. Local laws and ordinances

1.4 REPAIRS TO DAMAGE EXISTING WORK. Any damage to building, piping, or

equipment caused by this work shall be repaired by skilled mechanics of the
trades involved, at no additional cost to the Owner.

1.5 SUBMITTAL. The contractor shall submit for approval one sample of each
fixture, wires and wiring devices. For circuit breakers, boxes and panel boards,
catalogues or brochures may be submitted.

1.6 RECORD DRAWINGS. The Contractor shall keep a careful record of all the
changes made in the actual installation, which differs from that shown on the
Contract Drawings. Upon completion, the Contractor shall, in a neat and
accurate manner, finalize “AS BUILT” drawings on tracing paper. These
drawings shall be submitted to the Construction Manager for approval. After
approval, they shall become the property of the Owner. The print copies shall be
duly signed and sealed by the Supervising Professional Electrical Engineer.

PART 2 - MATERIALS

2.1 LIGHTING FIXTURES AND LAMPS. The Contractor shall provide and install all
lighting fixtures of the size and type as indicated on the drawings. All fixtures
shall be wired and installed complete, including all lamps and/or tubes,
transformers, ballasts, supports, brackets, canopies, globes and other parts and
devices necessary for complete installation and operation.

2.2 EMERGENCY LIGHTING FIXTURES. Emergency lighting should have built-in

battery and shall be set in the staircases, passageways, elevator lobbies,
entrances and in the areas indicated in contract drawings. Built-in battery
supply time shall not be less than 90 minutes. Brand shall be Akari or approved
equal.

2.3 FLUORESCENT FIXTURE UNIT shall be complete. The tube shall be accessible
without removing the fixture. Fixture shall be direct connected to 220 volts
system as shown.

a. Ballast shall be built to the specification adopted by the certified ballasts

manufacturer ’s approved by the Electrical Testing Laboratory with lowest
sound rating with UL label. Ballasts shall be 220V rapid start high power
factor series type “P” (0.95) p.f. Capacitive “A” sound rating. Ballasts.
 b. Fluorescent tubes shall be standard day light rapid start of wattage and
quantity shown in the plans..

c. Fluorescent fixture housing shall be US gauge 22 sheet steel. Non-

reflecting surfaces shall be powder coated finished .

2.4 WIRES AND CABLES for lighting and power requirements shall be subject for
owner’s approval of the material brand ” THHN type. Sizes of wires shall be as
indicated, and shall pass the stringent quality requirements set by the
Department of International Trade and Industry of U.S. and the Philippine
standards, Underwriter’s Laboratories, and the A.S.T.M..

a. All wires shall be copper, soft-drawn and annealed, shall be of ninety-nine

(99%) conductivity, shall be smooth and true and of a cylindrical form and
shall be within one percent (+/-1%) of the actual size called for.

b. Wires or cables for lighting and power systems shall be nylon jacketed,
plastic insulated for 600 volt working pressure, type THHN/THWN unless
otherwise noted on plans or specified below. All wires shall be stranded
copper.

c. Control leads for motors or lighting shall be type THHN/THWN for lighting and
power systems. No wire smaller than 3.5sq mm or as indicated shall be
used, except for control leads.

d. Fire-rated cables shall be used for the firemen’s lift (service elevator), fire
pump and jockey pump feeders, including the fire detection and alarm system
and can be used for cable insulation shall be fire-resistant 600 volts rated,
halogen-free and low-smoke generation. Fire resistance of cables shall be
type-tested at 3-hours at 950 degree Celsius.

2.5 CONDUIT for interior systems shall be Rigid Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC)
and Intermediate Metal Conduit (IMC) are standard manufactured.

a. No conduit shall be used in any system smaller than 15mm dia. electric trade
sized, nor shall have more than four (4) ninety degree bends in any one run.
If necessary, pull boxes shall be provided as directed.

b. No wire shall be pulled into any conduit until the conduit system is complete
in all details; in the case of concealed work, until all rough plastering or
masonry has been completed; in the case of exposed work, until the conduit
has been completed in every detail. Schedule 40 PVC is acceptable in
installations embedded in concrete wall partitions or concrete slab.

c. The ends of all conduits shall be tightly plugged to exclude plaster, dust and
moisture while the building is in the process of construction. All conduits
shall be reamed to remove all burrs.

d. All pipes and fittings on exposed work shall be secured by means of metal
clips spaced at maximum of 1.5m which shall be held in place by means of a
bolt. When running over concrete-surfaces, the bolt shall be held in place by
dyna expansion shield. All pipes on exposed work shall run at right angles to
and parallel with the surrounding walls and shall conform to the form of the
 ceiling, no diagonal runs shall be allowed and all ends and offsets shall be
avoided as far as possible. Where necessary, conduit fittings shall be used.
Piping, in all cases shall be run perfect straight and true, satisfactory to the
Construction Manager/Electrical Engineer.

2.6 OUTLET BOXES AND FITTINGS

a. All outlets of whatever kind for all systems shall be provided with a suitable
fitting which shall be either a box or other device specially designed to
receive the type of fittings to be mounted thereon.

b. The Contractor shall consult the Construction Manager/Engineer as to the

nature of the various fittings to be used before installing his outlet fittings, to
the nature of appliance to be a finished design.

c. In the case of fixtures, their outlet fittings shall be provided with suitable
fixture supports of a size and kind required by the fixture to be hung. Fixture
studs in general shall be 10mm.
d. At all outlets on concealed conduit work, provide galvanized pressed steel
outlet boxes gauge No. 16 class A of standard manufactured.

2.7 WALL SWITCHES. Wall switches shall be rated at 15 amperes, 250 volts, one-
way, as required. The type of switch shall be tumbler operation and the color,
plating and appearance of wall plates shall be submitted prior to the purchase of
wall switches and face plates. Switches shall be as manufactured as standard

2.8 JUNCTION AND PULL BOXES. Junction and pull boxes, of code gauge 16
steel, shall be provided for facilitating the pulling of wires and cables. Pull
boxes in finished places shall be located installed with the permission and to the
satisfaction of the Construction Manager/Architect/Engineer.

Pull boxes shall be fabricated with hinged-type, demountable and lockable

covers. Knockouts shall be maintained for straight pull installation along two
opposite side of the box only.

Pull boxes for straight pulls shall have the length of the box not less than forty-
eight times the outside diameter, over sheath, of the largest shielded or lead
covered conductor or cable entering the box. The length shall not be less than
thirty-two times the outside diameter of the largest non-shielded conductor or
cable.

2.9 WALL RECEPTACLES. Receptacle outlets shall be Universal Type for flush
mounting duplex rated at 15 amp. 250 volts, parallel slots with grounding slot.
Type and color of receptacle outlet plates shall be as selected by the Architect
and appropriate samples of outlets and plates shall be submitted prior to
purchase of devices.

2.10 CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND DISCONNECT SWITCHES shall consist of a quick-

make, quick break type entirely trip-free operating mechanism, with contacts arc
interrupter, and thermal-magnetic trip unit for each pole, all enclosed in a
molded-phenolic case. The thermal magnetic trip unit shall provide time-delayed
overload protection and instantaneous short circuit protection, and in case of
overload or short circuit in any one pole. Circuit breaker shall be trip indicating,
 with the tripped position of breaker handle midway between “ON” and “OFF”
positions. All circuit breakers rated above 225 amperes shall have
interchangeable trip units.

All protective devices shall meet NEMA and Underwriter’s Laboratories, Inc.,
specifications.

Safety and disconnect switches shall be non-fusible and of sizes indicated on

plans and shall be normal duty type, except as noted otherwise. Enclosures
shall be NEMA-1 for indoor use and stainless steel, corrosion-proof NEMA-4X for
outdoor use.

3.0 PANELS AND CABINETS

PART 1
Standard panels and cabinets, as far as possible, shall be dead front
construction furnished with trims for flush mounting as required.
Cabinets shall be minimum code gage no. 14 steel with gutters at least
4-inch wide and wider if necessary. The trim for all panels shall be
finished in light gray enamel (ANSI #61) or powder coated over a rust
inhibitor. Manufacturer’s shop drawings in triplicate shall be submitted.
Only one brand of circuit breaker and fabricator shall be used for the
entire requirements of project.

PART 2
220- volt lighting panels shall be equipped with 20A circuit breakers in
the branch circuits and a three-pole circuit breaker in the main unless
noted otherwise on plans. As indicated on plans the panels shall be
assembled in two or more selection if over 24 two-pole circuits or 16
three pole circuits

PART 3
Distribution panels shall be of same type as lighting panels except
equipped with two-pole and three-pole circuit breakers frame up of sizes
called for on plans. Ground bus terminals shall be standard features to
the panel, using compression type lugs for grounding wire connection
with the ground bus.

PART 4
Bus bars shall 99.99% pure copper with regular cross sections. All bus
bar connections shall be silver-plated. Ground bus shall be sized at 50%
of the phase buses.

Bus bars must be braced enough to withstand the expected fault current
as indicated in the load schedules.

3.1 MOTORS

a. Provide proper size circuit breaker for all motors 15 meters away from the
source panel board. Use motor nameplate data for selection of circuit breaker
or rating shown on plans.

b. Provide an enclosure for circuit breaker motor protection NEMA 1 for general
 use and the equivalent of NEMA 3R for exterior or wet or damp locations.

3.2 GROUNDING AND BONDING EQUIPMENT. Shall be in accordance with Article

250 N. E. C. as amended by the office of the Building Official (DPWH) or as
shown on plans.

3.3 GROUNDING CONDUCTORS. Size per Table 250.66 and Table 250.122, N. E.
C. or as shown on the plan.

PART 3 - LOCATION OF WIRING AND OUTLETS

1. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to study all pertinent drawings and
obtain precise information as to the exact location of all outlets, apparatus,
appliances, and wiring to be installed. It shall be understood that any outlet may
be relocated on a distance not exceeding one meter from the location shown on
the drawings. Contractor shall make any necessary adjustment of his work to fit
conditions for recessed fixtures and for outlets occurring in tiles, blocks, granite,
marble, wood panelling, or other special finish materials in order that all boxes
may register flush with finish and shall be centered properly. In centering
outlets, due allowance shall be made for overhead piping, ducts, window, and
door trim, variations in thickness of plastering, etc., as erected, regardless of
conditions which may be otherwise shown on small scale drawings. Outlets
incorrectly located shall be properly relocated at the Contractor’s expense.
Local switches near doors shall be located at the stride side of the door.

2. The center of wall outlets, socket-outlets, switches, telephone outlets, pilot lights,
indicating lights and clock outlets shall be installed at heights above finished
floor as indicated on the drawings. Where mounting heights are indicated on the
Electrical Drawings, they shall be verified with Architect’s drawings before
installation.

PART 4 - INSTALLATION

4.1 CONDUIT INSTALLATION

1. Conduit installation shall be made with rigid poly vinyl chloride (PVC), conduit
installed underground shall be encased in 75mm concrete.

2. Exposed conduit shall be Intermediate metal conduit (IMC) installed parallel

with or at right angles to the building walls and ceilings and shall be
supported by clamp and struts, U-bolt and hangers or bracket. Fastenings
shall be by dyna bolts on concrete masonry; by machine screws, welded
threaded studs, or spring tension clamps on steel work. Threaded studs
driven in by a powder charge and provided with lock washers and nuts may
be used in lieu of expansion bolts or machine or wood screws. Threaded C-
clamps may be used on rigid steel conduit only. The load applied to
fasteners shall not exceed 1/4 of the proof test load. Fasteners attached to
concrete ceilings shall be vibration and shock resistant. Holes cut to a depth
of more than 15mm in reinforced concrete beams or to a depth of more than
20mm in concrete joints shall not cut the main reinforcing bars. Holes not
used shall be filled. In partitions of light steel construction, sheet-metal
 screws shall be used. In suspending-ceiling construction, conduit shall be
run above the ceiling and only lighting system branch circuit raceways shall
be fastened to the ceiling supports. Spring steel fasteners may be used for
lighting branch circuit raceway supports in suspended ceilings in dry
locations. Conduits shall be fastened to all sheet metal boxes and cabinets
with two lock nuts where required by the National Electrical Code, where
insulated bushings are used and where bushings cannot be brought into firm
contact with the box. Locknuts shall be the type with sharp edges for digging
into the wall of metal enclosures. Bushings shall be installed on the ends of
all conduits and shall be of the insulating type where required by the National
Electrical Code. (Exposed risers in wire shafts of multi-story buildings shall
be supported by clamp and strut bar or approved fastener at each floor level
and at intervals not to exceed 1.5 meters. Fittings for IMC conduit shall be of
the same brand.)

3. Conduit installed in concrete floor slabs shall be located so as not to affect

the structural strength of the slabs. Conduit shall be installed within the
middle one-third of the concrete slab except where necessary to not disturb
the reinforcement. Outside diameter of conduit shall not exceed one-third of
the slab thickness and conduits shall be spaced not closer than three
diameters except at cabinet locations. Curved portions of bends shall not be
visible above the finish slab. Slab thickness shall be increased as necessary
to provide a minimum one inch cover over conduit. Where embedded
conduits cross expansion joints, suitable watertight expansion fittings and
bonding jumpers shall be provided. Conduit larger than one inch trade size
shall be parallel with or at right angles to the main reinforcement; when at
right angles to the reinforcement, the conduit shall be close to one of the
supports of the slab.

4. Conduits installed in contact with earth shall be Rigid PVC. PVC conduits
shall be encased in 75mm concrete if run underground.

4.2 Changes in direction or runs shall be made with symmetrical bends or cast-
metal fittings. Field made bends and of offset shall be made with a hickey or
conduit-bending machine. Crushed or deformed raceways shall not be
installed. Trapped raceways in damp or wet locations shall be avoided.
Plaster dirt or trash shall be prevented from lodging in raceways, boxes,
fittings and equipment during construction. Clogged raceways shall be freed
on all obstructions.

4.3 BOXES, OUTLETS AND SUPPORT

a. Boxes shall be in the wiring or raceway systems wherever required for pulling
of wires, making connections and mounting of devices or fixtures. Boxes
shall be sheet steel. Each box shall have the volume required by the
National Electrical Code for the number of conductors enclosed in the box.
Boxes for mounting lighting fixtures shall be not less than 4 inches except
that smaller boxes may be installed as required by fixture configuration as
approved. Boxes installed for concealed wiring shall be provided with
suitable extension rings or plaster covers, as required. Boxes for use in
masonry block or tile walls shall be square cornered tile type, or standard
 boxes having square-cornered tile-type covers. Cast metal boxes installed in
wet locations and boxes installed flush with the outside of exterior surfaces
shall be gasketed. Separate boxes shall be provided for flush or recessed
fixture when required by the fixture terminal operating temperature and
fixtures shall be readily removable for access to the boxes unless ceiling
access panels are provided. Boxes and pendants for surface-mounted
fixtures or suspended ceilings shall be supported independently of the ceiling
supports, or adequate provisions shall be made for distributing the load over
the ceiling support members in an approved manner. Boxes and supports
shall be fastened to wood with wood screws or screw-type nails of equal
holding strength, with bolts and expansion shields on concrete or brick, with
toggle bolts on hollow masonry units, and with machine screws or welded
studs on steel work. Threaded studs driven in by powder charge and
provided with lock washers and nuts, or nail-type nylon anchors may be used
in lieu of wood screws, expansion shields, or machine screws. In open
overhead spaces, cast boxes threaded to raceways need not be separately
supported except where used for fixture support; cast metal boxes having
thread less connectors and sheet metal boxes shall be supported directly
from the building structure or by bar hangers. Where bar hangers are used,
the bar shall be attached to raceway, which shall be supported with an
approved type fastener not more than 20mm from the box. Penetration into
reinforced concrete members shall avoid cutting any reinforcing steel.

b. Pull boxes of not less than the minimum size required by the Philippine
Electrical Code shall be constructed of code gauge galvanized sheet steel.
Boxes shall be furnished with screw-fastened covers. Where several feeders
through a common pull box, the feeders shall be tagged to indicate clearly
the electrical characteristics, circuit number, and panel designation.

c. Conduit stubbed up through concrete floors for connections to free standing

equipment shall be provided with a short elbow and an adjustable brass tap
or coupling brass or bronze threaded inside for plugs, set flush with the
finished floor. Wiring shall be extended in rigid threaded conduit to
equipment, except that where required, flexible conduit may be used 150mm
above the floor. Screw driver-operated threaded flush plugs shall be
installed in conduit from which no equipment connections are made.

4.4 DEVICE PLATES OF THE ONE-PIECE TYPE shall be provided for all outlets and
fittings to suit the devices installed. Plates on unfinished walls and on fittings
shall be of modern type. Plates on finished walls shall be of same finish.
Screws shall be of metal with countersunk heads, in a color to match the finish
of the plate. Plate shall be installed with all four edges in continuous contact
with finished wall surfaces without the use of mats or similar devices. Plaster
filling will not be permitted. Plates shall be installed with an alignment tolerance
of 1mm. The use of sectional type device plates will not be permitted. Plates
installed in wet locations shall be gasketed

4.5 RECEPTACLES. Single and duplex receptacles shall be rated 2-pole, 3-wire
grounding type, 15 amperes, 250 volts. Body shall be ivory moulded phenolic
compound supported on a metal mounting strap. Receptacles shall be side and
back-wired with screw type terminals. Exposed metal parts shall be corrosion
resistant. The ground pole shall be connected to the mounting strap. Special
purpose receptacles shall be rated as indicated.
4.6 TOGGLE SWITCHES shall be totally enclosed with bodies of moulded compound
and a mounting strap. Handles shall be ivory. Wiring terminals shall be of the
screw type, back or side wired. Switches shall be rated quiet type. AC only, 15
ampere, 250 volt. Switches shall be single poles unless otherwise indicated.

4.7 PANELBOARDS. Lighting and appliance branch-circuit panel boards shall be

circuit equipped, Type I, Class I. Circuit breakers shall be the rating, class
painted.

4.8 GROUNDING AND BONDING. All exposed non-current-carrying metallic parts of

electrical equipment, metallic raceway systems, grounding conductor and neutral
conductor of wiring systems shall be grounded. The ground connection shall be
made at the main service equipment and shall be made to driven rods on the
exterior of the building or to the point of entrance of the metallic water service.
Connections to flanged pipes shall be made to the street side of the flanged
connection. No connections shall be made to water pipes coated with insulating
materials.

4.9 RECESSED FLUORESCENT FIXTURES. Fixtures shall be installed in

suspended ceiling opening as indicated. These fixtures shall have adjustable
fittings to permit alignment with ceiling panels. Fixtures installed in fire-resistive
type of suspended ceiling construction shall be provided with fireproofing boxes
having materials of the same fire rating as the ceiling panels, in conformance
with the Building Materials List of Underwriter’s Laboratories, Inc.

4.10 FLEXIBLE CONNECTIONS of the short length shall be provided for equipment
subject to vibration, noise transmission, or movement and for all motors. Liquid-
tight flexible connections shall be provided as required.

4.11 EQUIPMENT CONNECTIONS. All wiring for the connection of motors and control
equipment shall be furnished and installed under this section of the
specification, except as otherwise specifically noted or specified. Automatic-
control wiring, signalling, and protective devices are not included in this section,
but shall be furnished and installed under other sections of the specifications.
Control wiring not shown on the electrical drawings shall be furnished.

PART 5 - LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM

5.1 GENERAL

Supply and install complete lightning protection system as shown in the

Drawings.

The lightning protection system shall comprise all air terminations, down
conductors, joints and bonds, test joints, earth terminations and electrodes. The
whole installation shall be carried out in accordance to the latest issue of NFPA
780 (Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems), NFPA 70 and
as per manufacturer’s recommendations.

Copper-to-aluminium joints shall be treated as follows:

The mating surface of the aluminium tape shall be cleaned thoroughly by wire
brushing and an approved jointing compound applied. The copper surface shall
 be hot tinned. The two mating surfaces shall then be clamped together using a
proprietary square tape jointing clamp. The complete joint shall then be
protected from the ingress of moisture by the application of an approved
protective wrapping.

Alternatively, an appropriate purpose-designed bi- metallic connector.

The subcontractor shall demonstrate his similar and dissimilar metal -tape
jointing techniques on site for the approval of the Engineer prior to installation of
any joints.

No dissimilar metal joints or contact shall be permitted unless in accordance with

the written recommendations of the lightning protection system manufacturer.
Fixing of conductors to the existing roof surfaces shall not damage roofing and
weatherproof membranes. All holes for fixing, routing etc. installed as part of
the works shall be filled, grouted or otherwise sealed to prevent the ingress and
collection of water. Similarly, any holes, gashes, dents etc. in roofing or slab
shall be made good, so as to preserve the weatherproof integrity of the roofing
surfaces, by the subcontractor to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

5.2 AIR TERMINATION

Air terminations shall consist of a network of 25mm x 3mm horizontal tapes

and/or vertical rods as shown in the Drawings.

All tapes shall be rigidly held by suitable saddles at 600mm minimum intervals for
horizontal and vertical runs respectively and shall be effectively jointed and bonded
together using suitable Furse type or similar four-bolt tape clamps. The tape shall be
supplied in continuous unbroken lengths, as far as practicable, to avoid unnecessary
jointing. Joints shall be electrically and mechanically effective. As for overlapping joints,
the length of overlap shall not be less than 25mm. All metallic projections and metallic
equipment on the roof of the structure shall be bonded to and form part of the air
termination network. Proprietary air terminal bases shall be provided for the vertical
lightning rods.

5.3 DOWN AND BONDING CONDUCTORS

All down and bonding conductors shall be strips of cross-section 25mm x 3mm.

Down conductors shall be provided with a PVC sheath to match the color of the building
finish.

Bonding to air terminations shall be by approved means. Down conductors shall be

brought down to the nearest earth termination by the most direct path possible. Care
shall be taken to ensure that when the conductors are fixed there shall be no sharp
bends, upturns or re-entrant loops.

All roof and down conductors shall be fixed with metal DC Tape clip saddles. Down
conductors shall be run as described on the drawings. Where joints are unavoidable in
tape conductors they shall be mechanically and electrically effective, e.g. clamped,
bolted or thermically welded. All contact surfaces shall be adequately tinned and
proprietary tape-to-tape bonding clamps shall be employed.

The number of joints on the lightning protective system shall be kept to a minimum.
 The subcontractor shall make the necessary adjustments on site and shall plan his work
to suit the building envelope and the building external finishes to ensure that the down
conductors are run in an unobstructive manner to the earth termination locations.

The lightning protection system ground terminals shall be bonded to the building or
structure grounding electrode system and shall be installed in accordance with NEC Art.
250.106.

5.4 TEST JOINTS AND CLAMPS

Each down conductor shall be provided with a Furse or similar type testing joint in such a
position that it is not obstructing to other trades and services, normal traffic, does not
impair the architectural feature of the building and is convenient for use when testing.

All test joints shall be protected by a durable heavy duty non-metallic casing from
mechanical damage and hazard to persons. The casing shall be suitably painted to
match adjacent wall finishes and be unobtrusive when installed.

5.5 EARTH TERMINATION AND ELECTRODES

Each electrode shall be at least 16mm diameter, stainless steel and copper or zinc
coated steel, copper weld or copper bond extensible rods in standard multiples and at
least 2.44m (8 ft) of length is in contact with the soil. Integral screw and socket joint,
hardened steel tip and type F63 brass or gun-metal connector clamp. Each earth
electrode shall be driven to a minimum depth of 5 meter into the ground. The earth
resistance of each complete earth termination measured separately, shall be less than
10 ohms. Where this is not possible to achieve by means of one earth electrode,
additional electrode shall be 10 meters apart. The position of extra electrodes shall be
approved by the Engineer prior to excavation and driving. The Price tendered for the
installation of this lightning protective system under this subcontract shall be deemed to
include the necessary number of earth electrodes and inter-connections to obtain the 10
or less ohms resistance-to-earth.

Each earth termination shall be protected by a concrete inspection chamber with heavy
duty concrete or checkered plate cover. Where checkered plate is used it shall be of
minimum thickness 6mm and hot dip galvanized. The actual connection of the
conductor to the electrode shall be by suitable clamping and shall be accessible and
visible when the chamber cover is removed.

All electrodes, copper tape and connector clamp contact surfaces shall be individually
heavily tinned prior to completion of the connections and the earth resistance tests.

Earth resistance test results shall be submitted to the Engineer upon completion of the
tests. Test results shall include but not be limited to such information as weather
conditions, degree of ground moisture content, test instrument type, model No. and date
of last calibration, resistance readings etc. An A4 site plan showing the location of the
relevant earth termination shall be provided with each test result.

PART 6 - TESTS

1. All wiring shall be tested for circuit continuity to assure that the wiring system is
free of short circuit, accidental grounding or other defects prior to normal system
operation by using megger test. Tests shall be performed after all wiring is
completed, and again after fixtures and equipment are connected and ready for
use.
2. After the Contractor has assured himself that the wiring systems are free of
faults, the Contractor shall then energize the systems from their normal power
sources and confirm that all systems are operational as required by the contract
documents, prior to final inspection.

END OF SECTION