MAPEH NOTES

Music
Indigenous people of Cordillera consider their land as sacred – it can neither be
owned nor sold; the source of life and an integral part of their cultural identity. For
them, to loss the land and connection from it is equivalent to taking their lives.
Thus, Cordilleras now and in the past willingly shed blood to fight and defend their
right to remain on their land.

Cordillera people, popularly known as Igorot are group of indigenous people

comprising a number of ethnic or ethno-linguistic identities like the Apayao or
Isneg, Tingguian, Kalinga, Bontoc, Kankanaey, Ibaloy, Ifugao and Bago. They are
known for their unique vocal and instrumental music. They usually perform in
groups where villagers of all walks of life are enjoined to showcase their talents
especially in singing, dancing and playing instrument. They have a rich variety of
songs and music performed on instruments like the Salidumay, the Oggayam, the
Hudhud and Badiw.

The Music of Cordillera

1. Music is very much related to their life and living. This is evident in many
occasions such as in the life passage event, work or occupational activities,
ceremonies and entertainment.

A. Life Passage Event

1. Owiwi - Kalinga lullabies
2. Dagdagay - Kalinga infancy-related songs
3. Oppia - Kalinga infancy-related songs
4. Kawyanna - Kalinga infancy-related songs
B. Occupational / work Songs
1. Sowe-ey - Bontoc rice pounding song
2. Dakuyon - Kalinga song for hunting bats
3. Dinaweg - Ilongot song for catching wild boar
4. Owayat - Ilongot song for gathering firewood
5. Chey - assa - Bontoc rice pounding song sung in
groups

C. Music for Ceremonies

1. Kapya and Angba - Bontoc song for curing ceremony
2. Didiyaw - Bontoc song to a dead child
3. Sangsangit - Isneg song of grief

D. Music for Entertainment

1. Alim - Ifugao leader chorus style
2. Dangdang – ay - Kalinga song of entertainment

2. Their music is participatory and communal- usually performed in group where

everyone is enjoined to showcase their talents in singing, dancing and playing
instruments.

3. The indigenous peoples of the Cordillera preserved and transmitted their

musical cultures and traditions from generations to generations through oral
traditions (spoken rather than written).
4. The distinct characteristics of Cordillera vocal music include:
a. It is pentatonic in nature (consist of five melodic tones, do, re, mi, so, la)
b. It is sung in unison (singing at the same pitch).
c. It is melismatic (group of notes or tones sung in one syllable in plainsong)
d. It has free meter (without time signature)
e. It is chanted (reciting/singing in a monotonous repetitive tone)

The Vocal Music of Cordillera

1. Salidumay
- is a love incantation vocal ensemble (combination of vocal and instrumental
music). It has sweet melodies and expresses gratitude. To the Itneg people this
song is a response of the young woman to the Kalkalimusta songs of men during
the weaving season. It serves as an indicator of rejection and acceptance towards
the man courting/wooing a woman. Salidumay is traditionally not sung in Tagalog
language, however in the popular modern interpretation by Filipina singer Grace
Nono, the lyrics are translated into Tagalog.

2. Badiw
- is the oldest traditional Cordilleran way of storytelling in the form of chant. It is a
death ritual song gaining hopes and favor from their relative’s spirit. The style of
singing is without prior preparation or practice in the leader- chorus form (elder
man lead the chant followed by the response of women repeated what the leader
said). Messages or themes are from agriculture on land preservation and crop
productivity. Performance of Badiw promotes leadership, stronger family ties, and
the use of herbal and natural medicines.

3. Oggayam
- is a festive, declaratory and chant song conveying greetings and expression of
opinions related to the events. It is usually heard at village gatherings in Abra,
Kalinga and mountain Province. Oggayam is performed during festival at harvest
time, on social gatherings such as weddings and peace covenant and to remind
the people of their traditional beliefs, customs and morals. This song is
distinguished for its special length and narration of the life stories of legendary
heroes. The song is not poetic in nature but rather it often uses loanwords from
the language of the Christianized Ilocano of the Lowland. Its melodies can be
played on flutes.

4. Hudhud
- is a chanted epic poetry of the Ifugao people recited only on four occasions like,
sowing and harvesting of rice, wedding ceremonies, funeral wakes, and bone
washing (bogwa) rituals. It comprises around 200 stories of about 40 episodes
each. Themes are about celebrations of the Ifugao heroes, heroines, wealth and
cultures. It is full of repetitions, synonyms, figurative term and employs metonymy
(use of the name of one thing for that of another), metaphors (anything use as a
symbol of something else) and onomatopoeia (creation of words that imitate
natural sounds). Hudhud is performed in leader-chorus style (the reciter is an
elderly woman occupying key position in the community) that usually last for
three to four days.

Arts
Arts and Crafts of MIMAROPA

Arts and Crafts from MIMAROPA

1. Attire and Fabric
2. Arts and Crafts
3. Accessories and Body Ornaments
4. Sculpture
Different Attire and Fabrics of MIMAROPA
1. Hanunuo-Mangyan
- tribe of Mindoro

Men - Ba-ag and Balukas

Bakudos
- a visual motif used by the Hanunuo-Mangyan people of Mindoro in the
Philippines.
- the word "Bakudos" was coined from Croz, the Spanish word for Cross.

2. Harablon
- a hand loom of the tribe.

Ramit Fabric
- a textile made by the build and Hanunuo-Mangyans. It is a woven backstrap
loom called Harablon and features intricate geometric patterns.

3. Habilon
- the process of weaving

Tagbanua
- tribe of Palawan
- are considered as one of the oldest ethnic groups in the Philippines.
Men - S-String

Basketry and Woven Craft

Mindoro
Bay-ong
- a traditional bag made by the Hanunuo-Mangyan.
- is used by both men and women to hold betel-chew ingredients and other items.

Buon-buon
- traditional craft made by the Hanunuo-Mangyans

Palawan
Tingko
- traditional basket of the indigenous people from the southern part of Palawan.
Bayong-bayong
- refers to bags originating from the Philippines made by weaving dried leaves.

Marinduque
Mariones Mask
- masks replicating the garb of biblical roman soldiers as interpreted by local folks.

Sculptures and Writings

Palawan
Manunggul Jar
- secondary burial jar excavated from a Neolithic site in the Manunggul caves.
- it dates from 890-710 B.C.

Writing Script
- used by the Mangyan people of Southern Mindoro to write the Hanunuo
language.
- known as Mangyan Baybayin or Surat Mangyan

Ambahan
- traditional poetry of the Hanunuo Mangyans of Oriental Mindoro.
- usually written in bamboo in the Surat-Mangyan.

Romblon
- is known as the "marble province/country" because all the islands have marble.

Health
Eating Disorders
1. Anorexia Nervosa
- strict diet
- refusal to maintain a healthy body.
- intense fear of gaining weight.
- distorted body image
2. Bulimia Nervosa
- current episode of "binge eating"
- minimum of 2 binge eating episodes per week for at least 3 months.
3. Binge Eating
- eating rapidly
- eating until uncomfortably full
4. Pica
- eats or chews anything