Earth Science for Stem

Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Classification of Rocks

CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 4
Earth Science for STEM
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Classification of Rocks
First Edition, 2021

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Earth Science for STEM
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Classification of Rocks
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

The module contains lesson on classification of rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks based on their
characteristics and how they are formed;
2. explain the process of the formation of igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rocks; and
3. give examples of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
Note: If your answer to this pre-assessment is one hundred percent correct, you
may skip and proceed to the next module.

1. Which of the following is the least description of a rock?

a. solid
b. heavy
c. naturally occurring
d. aggregate of minerals

2. Which of the following is NOT a classification of sedimentary rock?

a. clastic rock
b. organic rock
c. chemical rock
d. non-foliated rock

3. A rock sample was recovered from Taal Volcano Island by a local. The
resident volcanologist was on - site and identified that the rock was
formed from the material ejected by the volcano during its eruption.
What type of rock did the local recover?
a. igneous rock
b. ore body rock
c. sedimentary rock
d. metamorphic rock

4. While walking at the beach, Angela found a rock sample with shells and
pebbles embedded. What type of rock did she find?
a. igneous rock
b. ore body rock
c. sedimentary rock
d. metamorphic rock

5. Which of the following statements is TRUE about metamorphic rocks?

a. It formed from existing rocks.
b. It is subjected to cold and high pressure.
c.

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6. When the magma solidifies below the surface of the Earth, what possible
igneous rock may form?
a. scoria
b. basalt
c. granite
d. andesite

7. Rinzen found an igneous rock from the school ground. Out of curiosity,
she strongly hit the rock sample with a hammer and found out that it
contained large crystals. What is the CORRECT inference on the
formation of the rock sample?
a. It formed over time through a slow process of crystallization at the
surface of the Earth.
b. It formed over time through a fast process of crystallization at the
surface of the Earth.
c. It formed over time through a slow process of crystallization
beneath the surface of the Earth.
d. It formed over time through a fast process of crystallization
beneath the surface of the Earth.

8. Which type of rock may contain plants’and animals’remains?

a. igneous rock
b. ore body rock
c. sedimentary rock
d. metamorphic rock

9. Which of the following is EXCLUDED from the group?

a. coal
b. shale
c. granite
d. rock salt

10. Ava collected samples of sedimentary rocks from the riverbank of

Pansit. She grouped the rocks according to their characteristics. In the
first group, she observed attached weathered rock on the samples. While
in the second group, she observed shells attached toa it. What type of
sedimentary rocks had been collected by Ava from the riverbank?
a. The first group is clastic sedimentary rocks while the second is
chemical sedimentary rock.
b. The first group is clastic sedimentary rocks while the second is an
organic sedimentary rock.
c. The first group is chemical sedimentary rocks while the second is
a clastic sedimentary rock.
d. The first group is organic sedimentary rocks while the second is a
clastic sedimentary rock.

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11. Foliation occurs when a certain rock was subject to intense heat and
pressure. Which of the following rocks is most likely to have foliation?
a. slate
b. marble
c. hornfels
d. quartzite

12. Scoria is a rock formed through fast solidification on air when a volcano
erupts. What type of rock is scoria?
a. extrusive igneous rock
b. extensive igneous rock
c. intrusive igneous rock
d. intensive igneous rock

13. Which of the following statement is TRUE about sedimentary rocks?

a. It is formed from plant and animal debris.
b. It is formed when subjected to high heat and pressure.
c. Schist, phyllite, and gneiss are examples of sedimentary rocks.
d. Foliated and non-foliated are classifications of sedimentary rocks.

14. Which of the following rock contains large crystals?

a. diorite
b. scoria
c. basalt
d. andesite

15. Which group of rocks was formed through compressing and heating?
a. clastic rock
b. igneous rock
c. sedimentary rock
d. metamorphic rock

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 What’s New

Collect ten rock samples from your garden or yard. Using a magnifying glass, observe
the rocks. Create a grouping of the rocks based on your observation. Label your rock
samples as samples 1 to 10. You may use the data table below for your observation.
(You may coordinate with your teacher how to submit your output for this activity)

Data Table

Rock Observed Rock Observed

sample properties/characteristics sample properties/characteristics

1 6

2 7

3 8

4 9

5 10

Guide Questions:

1. How many groups did you form for your collected samples of rocks?

2. What basis of grouping or classification did you use?

3. Can you describe the common features of each group?

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 What is It

How can we classify rocks? Would it be by color, hardness, texture, density,

or other physical properties? Is it by chemical composition? You may have a little
knowledge that rocks can be Igneous, Sedimentary, or Metamorphic. But how did
geologists come into these three classifications? What do you think was their basis
for classification?

Rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals sometime with

nonmineral solid particles.

Classification of Rocks
Igneous rocks or magmatic rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification
of magma or lava. Igneous rock can be classified into:

Intrusive igneous rocks. This type of

igneous rock is formed from
solidification of magma below the
surface They have large crystals of
minerals that formed over time through
the slow process of crystallization in a
magma. Granite, diorite, gabbro,
pegmatite, and peridotite are examples
of this type of rock.
Granite rock (own photo)

Extrusive igneous rocks. This type of

igneous rock is formed through a faster
rate of solidification of lava on the surface
of Earth. They can become glassy in
appearance due to less crystallization or
vesicular like Scoria, due to the air that
was trapped inside when they solidified
and formed on the surface of the earth.
Other examples of this type of rock are
andesite, basalt, dacite, obsidian, pumice,
Scoria (own photo) rhyolite, and tuff.

Sedimentary rock is formed by the deposition and cementation of mineral or

organic particles on the floor of oceans and other bodies of water at the Earth’s
surface. Sedimentary rocks can be classified into clastic, chemical, and organic.

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 What’s More

A. Observe the pictures and answer the questions that follow.

Picture 1.
Questions:
1. What type of rock do you think
will be formed through this
geologic activity?
2. How was the rock formed in this
geologic activity?
3. How will you describe the types of
rock formed?

Picture 2.
Questions:
1. What type of rock is formed in
this event?

2. What are the required factors

to form a rock on this event?

3. What are the possible types of

rock that will be formed in
this event?

Picture 3.
Questions:
1. What type of rock will be
formed in this scenario?
2. What are the important factors
needed to form a rock in this
scenario?
3. What are the characteristics of
rock formed in this scenario?

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 B. Complete the table below.

Classification
Rock Sample Subclassification
(Igneous/Sedimentary/Metamorphic)

1. Quartzite

2. Chemical

3. Intrusive

4. Gneiss

5. Clastic

What I Have Learned

Fill in the correct information to complete the concept about rocks. Write your answer
on a piece of paper.

1. _______________ is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals and

sometime with nonmineral solid particles.
2. Rocks can be classified based on _______________.
3. _______________are formed through solidification or crystallization of molten
materials such as magma and lava.
4. _______________ are formed through compaction and cementation of sediments
and other materials usually under the ocean or other bodies of water.
5. _______________ are formed either by heat such as those near a magma
chamber or by pressure such as those in the area with compression of rock
layers.
6. Granite is an example of _______________ with visible large crystals because it
solidified underneath the Earth surface.
7. Sandstone is an example of _______________ rock from compaction and
cementation of sand under the ocean.
8. Marble is an example of _______________that has been formed due to heat and
appears physically different from its parent-rock called _______________.
9. Igneous rock can be classified into ______________ and ____________________.
10. __________________ metamorphic rock contains bands and ________________
metamorphic rocks do not have bands.
11. Sedimentary rocks can be grouped according to _______________,
___________________ and ____________________.
12. ___________________ formed from the mechanical weathering debris of rocks.
13. Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed when ______________________________.
14. ___________________ are formed from the debris of plants and animals.
15. ____________________ are metamorphic rocks that has no foliation.

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 What I Can Do

Answer the question below.

While mountain trekking, Mayumi found several rocks that contained remains
of aquatic plants and animals. What kind of rock did she found? What can you infer
from the formation of the rock?

Rubric for Assessment

Very satisfactory Satisfactory Needs Improvement

Key elements
(3 pts) (2 pts) (1 pt.)
Concept Basis • Argument is based Only one indicator None of the
on facts learned is evident. indicators is
from the module. present.
• Inference makes
use of evidence.

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Ava collected samples of sedimentary rocks from the riverbank of
Pansipit. She grouped the rocks according to their characteristics. In
the first group, she observed attached shells on the samples. While in
the second group, she observed pebbles attached to it. What type of
sedimentary rocks did Ava collect from the riverbank?
A. The first group is clastic sedimentary rocks while the second is a
chemical sedimentary rock.
B. The first group is clastic sedimentary rocks while the second is
an organic sedimentary rock.
C. The first group is chemical sedimentary rocks while the second
is a clastic sedimentary rock.
D. The first group is organic sedimentary rocks while the second is
a clastic sedimentary rock.

2. Which of the following describes a rock?

I. Solid II. Heavy
III. Naturally occurring IV. Aggregate of minerals

A. I, II, and III

B. I, III, and IV
C. I, II, and IV
D. II, III, and IV
3. Which of the following is a classification of sedimentary rock?
A. intrusive rock
B. foliated rock
C. chemical rock
D. non-foliated rock

4. A rock sample was recovered from Taal Volcano Island by a local. The
resident volcanologist was on-site and identified the rock was formed
from the material ejected by the volcano during its eruption. He further
observed that the rock sample had a glassy appearance. What type of
rock did the local recover?
A. extrusive rock
B. intrusive rock

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 C. metamorphic rock
D. sedimentary rock

5. Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE about metamorphic

rocks?
A. It is formed when subjected to high heat and pressure.
B. It is formed from plant and animal debris.
C. Schist, phyllite, and gneiss are examples of sedimentary rocks.
D. Foliated and non-foliated are classifications of sedimentary
rocks.

6. While walking at the beach, Angela found a rock sample with a crystal
white appearance which according to her friend was halite –a rock salt.
What type of rock did she find?
A. clastic rock
B. organic rock
C. chemical rock
D. metamorphic rock

7. When the magma solidifies on the surface of the Earth, what possible
igneous rock may be formed?
A. scoria
B. gabbro
C. granite
D. peridotite

8. Obsidian is a rock formed through fast solidification on air when a

volcano erupts. What type of rock is obsidian?
A. extrusive igneous rock
B. extensive igneous rock
C. intrusive igneous rock
D. intensive igneous rock

9. Rinzen found an igneous rock from the school ground. Out of curiosity,
she strongly hit the rock sample with a hammer and found out that it
had a glassy appearance. What is the correct inference on the formation
of the rock sample?
A. It formed over time through a slow process of crystallization
beneath the surface of the Earth.
B. It formed over time through a fast process of crystallization
beneath the surface of the Earth.
C. It formed over time through a slow process of crystallization at
the surface of the Earth.
D. It formed overtime through a fast process of crystallization at the
surface of the Earth.

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10. Which type of rock contains plants’and animals’remains?
A. clastic rock
B. foliated rock
C. organic rock
D. chemical rock

11. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about igneous rocks?
A. It formed crystals.
B. It is formed from magma.
C. It can become glassy in appearance.
D. It can be formed from an existing rock.

12. Which of the following is EXCLUDED from the group?

A. shale
B. gabbro
C. granite
D. pegmatite

13. Despite of intense heat and pressure, nonfoliated rocks did not
formed bands. Which of the following rocks is non-foliate?
A. slate
B. gneiss
C. marble
D. phyllite

14. Which of the following rock contains fewer crystals?

A. diorite
B. granite
C. rhyolite
D. pegmatite

15. Which group of rocks formed from precipitate of dissolved materials?

A. clastic rock
B. foliated rock
C. organic rock
D. chemical rock

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 Additional Activities

There are more examples of rocks other than what you recognized in this lesson. This
time, I want you to widen your knowledge about rocks by identifying more examples
of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks in your area. Make a log and collect
pictures of your samples and form a gallery. You may search on the internet or ask
an expert to assist you in identifying the samples you have collected. (You may
coordinate with your teacher how to submit your output for this activity)
Rubric

Needs
Key Satisfactory
Very Satisfactory (5pts.) Improvement
elements (3pts.)
(1pt.)

Organization • Organizers such as but Only two of the Only one of the
not limited to tables, indicators are indicators is
graphic organizer, evident. evident.
shapes, etc. are
used/utilized.
• Labels are used to
showcase information.
• Organization is evident
to enhance the over-all
presentation of the
gallery.

Ideas • At least two Only two of the

characteristics about indicators are
the rock are presented evident
based on observation
made.
• Correct information
about the rock is
evident based on the
module.
• Pictures/images contain
captions.

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• Few minor errors are
evident but they do not
interfere with the
meaning.

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 Module 4
CO_Q1_ESS SHS 17
What I Have Learned
1. Rock
Assessment
2. Formation
3. Igneous
1. D
4. Sedimentary
2. B
5. Metamorphic
3. C
6. Intrusive rocks
4. A
7. Sedimentary
5. B
8. Metamorphic
6. C
9. Intrusive –
7. A
8. A
9. D
10. C
11. D
12. A
13. C
14. C
15. D
What’s More
What I Know
A.
1. Igneous
2. Solidification and cooling of magma or lava
1. B
3. Intrusive and extrusive rock
2. D 4. Sedimentary rocks
3. A 5. Cement and minerals or organic particles
4. C 6. Clastic, chemical, and organic
5. A 7. Metamorphic
6. C 8. Heat and pressure
9. Foliated or non-foliated
7. C
8. C B.
9. C 1. metamorphic –non-foliated
10. B 2. rock salt/iron ore/chert/flint/some dolomites –
11. A sedimentary rocks
12. A 3. granite/diorite/gabbro/pegmatite/ periodite –igneous
4. metamorphic –foliated
13. A 5. recia/ conglomerate/ sandstone/ siltstone/ shale –
14. A sedimentary
15. D
Answer Key
References

Commission on Higher Education. Teaching guide for Senior High School: Earth
Science Core Subject. Quezon City: CHED. 2016.

Tarbuck, Edward J., Lutgens, Frederick, K. Earth Science 10th Edition. Pearson
Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. 2003.

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