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    Calculations in Analytical Chemistry

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    Jean Daisy Jopongco

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Calculations in Analytical Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    Jean Daisy Jopongco
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    19 views3 pages

    Calculations in Analytical Chemistry

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    Jean Daisy Jopongco

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Calculations in Analytical Chemistry The mole

    The mole is the SI unit for amount of


    substance. It corresponds to the amount of a
    Recall the 7 fundamental units of the SI
    chemical substance that contains the same
    System presented in the table below:
    number of particles present in 12 grams of C-
    Table 1.1. The Seven Fundamental SI Unit. 12 which is equivalent to Avogadro’s number,
    that is, NA=6.022 X 1023 (Skoog, et al.,2014).
    The molar mass is given as the mass of a
    compound in grams per mole of that
    substance. It is calculated by adding the molar
    masses of all the component elements in the
    compound. Take glucose for example: C6H12O6

    Moreover, very large and very small values are


    conveniently reported using prefixes as shown
    in Table 1.2

    Table 1.2. Prefixes for units Mole and millimole calculations


    The millimole is simply 1/1000 of a mole. It is
    sometimes used in calculations because of its
    convenience.
    Example (Skoog, et al.,2014):
    1. Find the number of moles and millimoles of
    benzoic acid (122.1 g/mol) that are contained
    in 2.00 g of pure acid.

    1
    2. What is the mass in grams of Na+ (22.99
    g/mol) in 25.0 g of Na2SO4 (142.0 g/mol)?

    Concentration of Solutions
    We will explore molar concentrations, percent Parts per Thousand, Parts per Million and
    Parts
    concentration, solution- diluent volume ratio,
    and p-functions. per Billion
    These are convenient ways to express the
    units of concentration especially when masses
    Molar Concentration
    of the solute and the solution are available.
    The molarity of solutions can be calculated as:

    The symbol for molarity is M.


    Example (Skoog, 2014):
    Calculate the molar concentration of ethanol in
    an aqueous solution that contains 2.30g of Example (Skoog, 2014):
    C2H5OH (46.07g/mol) in 3.5 L of solution.
    What is the molar concentration of K+ in a
    solution that contains 63.3ppm of K3Fe(CN)6
    (329.3 g/mol)?
    Since 63.3ppm of K3Fe(CN)6 is equivalent to
    63.3mg/L, then:

    Percent Concentration
    The percent composition of solutions can be
    expressed in many ways. However, the
    common ways of expressing this is through the
    following:

    2
    P-Functions Answer the following exercises (Skoog,
    2014):
    It is convenient to express very small
    concentration of chemical substances in terms Instructions: Answer the following question in a
    of its p-function which is calculated as the clean sheet of paper. Submit a photo of our
    negative log of the molar concentration of the output in GClassroom.
    chemical species of interest.
    That means, pH is the -log [H+] or pCa is the
    1. Find the number of Na+ ions in 2.92 g of
    -log[Ca].
    Na3PO4.
    Example (Skoog, 2014):
    1. Calculate the p-value for each ion in a
    2. How many moles of carbon are in 333 mg of
    solution that is 2.00×10-3M NaCl and 5.4×10-4M
    HCl. CaC2O4.
    Because both are strong electrolytes:
    [Na+] = 2.00×10-3M 3. How many millimoles of KSCN is in 750 mL
    of 3.25×10-3M solution?
    [Cl-] = 2.00×10-3M + 5.4×10-4M = 2.54×10-3M
    [H+] = 5.4×10-4M
    4. Calculate the p-values of the hydrogen,
    Thus:
    chloride, and zinc ions in a mixture of 0.400 M
    pNa = -log(2.00×10-3M) = 2.699 HCl and 0.10M ZnCl2.
    pCl = -log(2.54×10-3M) = 2.595
    pH= -log(5.4×10-4M) = 3.27 5. Seawater contains an average of
    1.08×103ppm of sodium ions and 270ppm of
    sulfate ions. Calculate the molar concentrations
    Density and Specific Gravity of Solutions of sodium and sulfate ions given that the
    average density of seawater is 1.02g/mL.
    Specific gravity (unitless) and density
    (expressed in
    kg/L or g/mL) are important values in the
    calculation
    of concentrations.
    Example (Skoog, 2014):
    1. Calculate the molar concentration of HNO 3
    (63.0 g/mol) in a solution that has a specific
    gravity of 1.42 and is 70.5% HNO3 (w/w).

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