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    6035 L2u203 PPT Outcome4

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    6035 L2u203 PPT Outcome4

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    shahin.noktehdan4102
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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views9 pages

    6035 L2u203 PPT Outcome4

    Uploaded by

    shahin.noktehdan4102

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Unit 203: Scientific principles for domestic, industrial

    and commercial plumbing

    Outcome 4
    Principles of heat in relation to
    plumbing systems
    Principles of heat
    Heat transfer
    There are three methods by which heat can be transferred:

    • Conduction
    • Convection
    • Radiation
    Principles of heat
    Conduction
    Conduction happens when heat travels through or along a
    material (one molecule to the next).

    Heating copper tube to solder, or heating coil in a DHWC.

    Copper is a very good thermal conductor. Plastics tend not


    to be good thermal conductors.
    Principles of heat
    Conduction
    Not all materials are good thermal conductors, and we can
    use the bad conductors as insulators. The faster heat
    travels, the better conductor the material is.

    Copper Good conductor Materials that are


    Aluminium good thermal
    Iron conductors are also
    Glass good electrical
    Brick conductors.
    Water
    Wood
    Polystyrene
    Still air Bad conductor
    Principles of heat
    Convection
    Can only take place in a fluid or gas.

    Convection occurs because when molecules are heated,


    they heat and rise, and when they cool they fall. This is the
    main way a DHWC heats the water up by.
    Principles of heat
    Radiation
    This is heat transfer via infrared light. It transfers heat from
    one body to another without heating the space in between.
    Principles of heat
    Heat transfer
    Heat is measured in 0C or scientifically in Kelvin (K).

    Certain situations mean that heat needs to be retained –


    and at other times emitted – but always controlled.

    Hot water cylinder pipes need insulating to


    keep the heat in, so the hot water does not
    lose its temperature (efficiency).
    Principles of heat
    Heat transfer
    Cold water mains pipe needs to be insulated to stop
    condensation forming on the pipe.

    White cars are more common in hot countries,


    as white reflects the sun’s heat. In solar panels,
    shiny surfaces are needed to absorb the heat
    from the sun.

    Dark colours absorb heat – unpainted cast iron.


    Light colours reflect heat – polished aluminium.

    Heat remains in the pipework when it is insulated and


    therefore increases efficiency and reduces running costs.
    Principles of heat
    Heat transfer
    Needs to be controlled: Building Regs part L.

    Programmers – only on when needed.


    Boiler stat – not too high (primary circuit).
    Cylinder stat – not above 600C (secondary circuit).
    Room stat – as low as possible.
    TRVs – control individual rooms.
    Zones – upstairs and downstairs.

    City and Guilds 6035


    Level 2 Unit 201

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